1
|
Xu Q, Liu C, Zhang Z, Cao Z, Liang M, Ye C, Lin Z, Deng X, Ye J, Bosch M, Chai L. Myo-inositol oxygenase CgMIOX3 alleviates S-RNase-induced inhibition of incompatible pollen tubes in pummelo. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:856-869. [PMID: 38991562 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) exhibits S-RNase-based self-incompatibility (SI), during which S-RNase cytotoxicity inhibits pollen tubes in an S-haplotype-specific manner. The entry of S-RNase into self-pollen tubes triggers a series of reactions. However, these reactions are still poorly understood in pummelo. In the present study, we used S-RNases as baits to screen a pummelo pollen cDNA library and characterized a myo-inositol oxygenase (CgMIOX3) that physically interacts with S-RNases. CgMIOX3 is highly expressed in pummelo pollen tubes, and its downregulation leads to a reduction in pollen tube growth. Upon entering pollen tubes, S-RNases increase the expression of CgMIOX3 and enhance its activity by directly binding to it in an S-haplotype-independent manner. CgMIOX3 improves pollen tube growth under oxidative stress through ascorbic acid (AsA) accumulation and increases the length of self-pollen tubes. Furthermore, over-expression of CgMIOX3 increases the relative length of self-pollen tubes growing in the style of petunia (Petunia hybrida). This study provides intriguing insights into the pumelo SI system, revealing a regulatory mechanism mediated by CgMIOX3 that plays an important role in the resistance of pollen tubes to S-RNase cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhezhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zonghong Cao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changning Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Lijun Chai
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu D, Lin D, Yi S, Gao S, Lei T, Li W, Xu T. Comparative stigmatic transcriptomics reveals self and cross pollination responses to heteromorphic incompatibility in Plumbago auriculata Lam. Front Genet 2024; 15:1372644. [PMID: 38510275 PMCID: PMC10953596 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1372644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
"Heteromorphic self-incompatibility" (HetSI) in plants is a mechanism of defense to avoid self-pollination and promote outcrossing. However, the molecular mechanism underlying HetSI remains largely unknown. In this study, RNA-seq was conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying self-compatible (SC, "T × P" and "P × T") and self-incompatible (SI, "T × T" and "P × P") pollination in the two types of flowers of Plumbago auriculata Lam. which is a representative HetSI plant. By comparing "T × P" vs. "T × T", 3773 (1407 upregulated and 2366 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 1261 DEGs between "P × T" and "P × P" (502 upregulated and 759 downregulated). The processes in which these DEGs were significantly enriched were "MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases-plant) signaling pathway", "plant-pathogen interaction","plant hormone signal transduction", and "pentose and glucuronate interconversion" pathways. Surprisingly, we discovered that under various pollination conditions, multiple notable genes that may be involved in HetSI exhibited distinct regulation. We can infer that the HetSI strategy might be unique in P. auriculata. It was similar to "sporophytic self-incompatibility" (SSI) but the HetSI mechanisms in pin and thrum flowers are diverse. In this study, new hypotheses and inferences were proposed, which can provide a reference for crop production and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- College of Fine Art and Calligraphy, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Lin
- Sichuan Certification and Accreditation Association, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouli Yi
- College of Fine Art and Calligraphy, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenji Li
- School of Design, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingdan Xu
- College of Fine Art and Calligraphy, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu J, Zhao J, Liu J, Dong C, Zhao L, Ai N, Xu P, Feng G, Xu Z, Guo Q, Cheng J, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang N, Xiao S. GbCYP72A1 Improves Resistance to Verticillium Wilt via Multiple Signaling Pathways. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3198-3210. [PMID: 36890127 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-23-0033-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a fungal pathogen that causes Verticillium wilt (VW), which seriously reduces the yield of cotton owing to biological stress. The mechanism underlying the resistance of cotton to VW is highly complex, and the resistance breeding of cotton is consequently limited by the lack of in-depth research. Using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, we previously identified a novel cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene on chromosome D4 of Gossypium barbadense that is associated with resistance to the nondefoliated strain of V. dahliae. In this study, the CYP gene on chromosome D4 was cloned together with its homologous gene on chromosome A4 and were denoted as GbCYP72A1d and GbCYP72A1a, respectively, according to their genomic location and protein subfamily classification. The two GbCYP72A1 genes were induced by V. dahliae and phytohormone treatment, and the findings revealed that the VW resistance of the lines with silenced GbCYP72A1 genes decreased significantly. Transcriptome sequencing and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the GbCYP72A1 genes primarily affected disease resistance via the plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Interestingly, the findings revealed that although GbCYP72A1d and GbCYP72A1a had high sequence similarity and both genes enhanced the disease resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis, there was a difference between their disease resistance abilities. Protein structure analysis revealed that this difference was potentially attributed to the presence of a synaptic structure in the GbCYP72A1d protein. Altogether, the findings suggested that the GbCYP72A1 genes play an important role in plant response and resistance to VW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chengguang Dong
- Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Nijiang Ai
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guoli Feng
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junling Cheng
- College of Agricultural, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yueping Wang
- College of Agricultural, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Ningshan Wang
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De K, Pal D, Shanks CM, Yates TB, Feng K, Jawdy SS, Hassan MM, Prabhakar PK, Yang JY, Chapla D, Moremen KW, Urbanowicz B, Binder BM, Muchero W. The Plasminogen-Apple-Nematode (PAN) domain suppresses JA/ET defense pathways in plants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545202. [PMID: 37398012 PMCID: PMC10312691 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of immune response is a phenomenon that enables biological processes such as gamete fertilization, cell growth, cell proliferation, endophyte recruitment, parasitism, and pathogenesis. Here, we show for the first time that the Plasminogen-Apple-Nematode (PAN) domain present in G-type lectin receptor-like kinases is essential for immunosuppression in plants. Defense pathways involving jasmonic acid and ethylene are critical for plant immunity against microbes, necrotrophic pathogens, parasites, and insects. Using two Salix purpurea G-type lectin receptor kinases, we demonstrated that intact PAN domains suppress jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis and tobacco. Variants of the same receptors with mutated residues in this domain could trigger induction of both defense pathways. Assessment of signaling processes revealed significant differences between receptors with intact and mutated PAN domain in MAPK phosphorylation, global transcriptional reprogramming, induction of downstream signaling components, hormone biosynthesis and resistance to Botrytis cinerea . Further, we demonstrated that the domain is required for oligomerization, ubiquitination, and proteolytic degradation of these receptors. These processes were completely disrupted when conserved residues in the domain were mutated. Additionally, we have tested the hypothesis in recently characterized Arabidopsis mutant which has predicted PAN domain and negatively regulates plant immunity against root nematodes. ern1.1 mutant complemented with mutated PAN shows triggered immune response with elevated WRKY33 expression, hyperphosphorylation of MAPK and resistant to necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea . Collectively, our results suggest that ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation mediated by the PAN domain plays a role in receptor turn-over to suppress jasmonic acid and ethylene defense signaling in plants.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pollen Coat Proteomes of Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata, and Brassica oleracea Reveal Remarkable Diversity of Small Cysteine-Rich Proteins at the Pollen-Stigma Interface. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010157. [PMID: 36671543 PMCID: PMC9856046 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pollen coat is the outermost domain of the pollen grain and is largely derived from the anther tapetum, which is a secretory tissue that degenerates late in pollen development. By being localised at the interface of the pollen-stigma interaction, the pollen coat plays a central role in mediating early pollination events, including molecular recognition. Amongst species of the Brassicaceae, a growing body of data has revealed that the pollen coat carries a range of proteins, with a number of small cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) being identified as important regulators of the pollen-stigma interaction. By utilising a state-of-the-art liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach, rich pollen coat proteomic profiles were obtained for Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata, and Brassica oleracea, which greatly extended previous datasets. All three proteomes revealed a strikingly large number of small CRPs that were not previously reported as pollen coat components. The profiling also uncovered a wide range of other protein families, many of which were enriched in the pollen coat proteomes and had functions associated with signal transduction, cell walls, lipid metabolism and defence. These proteomes provide an excellent source of molecular targets for future investigations into the pollen-stigma interaction and its potential evolutionary links to plant-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Du J, Ge C, Wang T, Wang J, Ni Z, Xiao S, Zhao F, Zhao M, Qiao Y. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals multiple pathways involved in self-pollen tube development and the potential roles of FviYABBY1 in self-incompatibility in Fragaria viridis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927001. [PMID: 36186066 PMCID: PMC9515988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fragaria viridis exhibits S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility, in which S-RNase is the major factor inhibiting pollen tube growth. However, the pathways involved in and the immediate causes of the inhibition of pollen tube growth remain unknown. Here, interactive RNA sequencing and proteome analysis revealed changes in the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of F. viridis styles harvested at 0 and 24 h after self-pollination. A total of 2,181 differentially expressed genes and 200 differentially abundant proteins were identified during the pollen development stage of self-pollination. Differentially expressed genes and differentially abundant proteins associated with self-incompatible pollination were further mined, and multiple pathways were found to be involved. Interestingly, the expression pattern of the transcription factor FviYABBY1, which is linked to polar growth, differed from those of other genes within the same family. Specifically, FviYABBY1 expression was extremely high in pollen, and its expression trend in self-pollinated styles was consistent with that of S-RNase. Furthermore, FviYABBY1 interacted with S-RNase in a non-S haplotype way. Therefore, FviYABBY1 affects the expression of polar growth-related genes in self-pollen tubes and is positively regulated by S-RNase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Du
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Horticulture Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Ge
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyou Ni
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Xiao
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengli Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mizhen Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yushan Qiao
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin Z, Xie F, Triviño M, Zhao T, Coppens F, Sterck L, Bosch M, Franklin-Tong VE, Nowack MK. Self-incompatibility requires GPI anchor remodeling by the poppy PGAP1 ortholog HLD1. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1909-1923.e5. [PMID: 35316654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are tethered to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane where they function as key regulators of a plethora of biological processes in eukaryotes. Self-incompatibility (SI) plays a pivotal role regulating fertilization in higher plants through recognition and rejection of "self" pollen. Here, we used Arabidopsis thaliana lines that were engineered to be self-incompatible by expression of Papaver rhoeas SI determinants for an SI suppressor screen. We identify HLD1/AtPGAP1, an ortholog of the human GPI-inositol deacylase PGAP1, as a critical component required for the SI response. Besides a delay in flowering time, no developmental defects were observed in HLD1/AtPGAP1 knockout plants, but SI was completely abolished. We demonstrate that HLD1/AtPGAP1 functions as a GPI-inositol deacylase and that this GPI-remodeling activity is essential for SI. Using GFP-SKU5 as a representative GPI-AP, we show that the HLD1/AtPGAP1 mutation does not affect GPI-AP production and targeting but affects their cleavage and release from membranes in vivo. Our data not only implicate GPI-APs in SI, providing new directions to investigate SI mechanisms, but also identify a key functional role for GPI-AP remodeling by inositol deacylation in planta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongcheng Lin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Marina Triviño
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Lieven Sterck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK.
| | | | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent 9052, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hou S, Zhao T, Yang Z, Liang L, Ma W, Wang G, Ma Q. Stigmatic Transcriptome Analysis of Self-Incompatible and Compatible Pollination in Corylus heterophylla Fisch. × Corylus avellana L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:800768. [PMID: 35300011 PMCID: PMC8921776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.800768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) protects plants from inbreeding depression due to self-pollination and promotes the outcrossing process to maintain a high degree of heterozygosity during evolution. Corylus is an important woody oil and nut species that shows sporophytic SI (SSI). Yet the molecular mechanism of SI in Corylus remains largely unknown. Here we conducted self- ("Dawei" × "Dawei") and cross-pollination ("Dawei" × "Liaozhen No. 7") experiments and then performed an RNA-Seq analysis to investigate the mechanism of pollen-stigma interactions and identify those genes that may be responsible for SSI in Corylus. We uncovered 19,163 up- and 13,314 downregulated genes from the comparison of different pollination treatments. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathway-plant. We found many notable genes potentially involved in pollen-stigma interactions and SSI mechanisms, including genes encoding receptor-like protein kinases (RLK), calcium-related genes, disease-resistance genes, and WRKY transcription factors. Four upregulated and five downregulated DEGs were consistently identified in those comparison groups involving self-incompatible pollination, suggesting they had important roles in pollen-pistil interactions. We further identified the S-locus region of the Corylus heterophylla genome based on molecular marker location. This predicted S-locus contains 38 genes, of which 8 share the same functional annotation as the S-locus genes of Corylus avellana: two PIX7 homologous genes (EVM0002129 and EVM0025536), three MIK2 homologous genes (EVM0002422, EVM0005666, and EVM0009820), one aldose 1-epimerase (EVM0002095), one 3-dehydroquinate synthase II (EVM0021283), and one At3g28850 homologous gene (EVM0016149). By characterizing the pistil process during the early postpollination phase via transcriptomic analysis, this study provides new knowledge and lays the foundation for subsequent analyses of pollen-pistil interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Lisong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Guixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carbajal-Valenzuela IA, Medina-Ramos G, Caicedo-Lopez LH, Jiménez-Hernández A, Ortega-Torres AE, Contreras-Medina LM, Torres-Pacheco I, Guevara-González RG. Extracellular DNA: Insight of a Signal Molecule in Crop Protection. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101022. [PMID: 34681122 PMCID: PMC8533321 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Agriculture systems use multiple chemical treatments to prevent pests and diseases, and to fertilize plants and eliminate weeds around the crop. These practices are less accepted by the consumers each day, mostly because of the associated environmental, health, and ecological impact; thus, new sustainable green technologies are being developed to replace the use of chemical products. Among green technologies for agriculture practices, the use of plant elicitors represents an alternative with great potential, and extracellular DNA has shown beneficial effects on important production traits such as defence mechanisms, plant growth and development, and secondary metabolites production that results in yield increment and better-quality food. In this review, we reunite experimental evidence of the natural effect that extracellular DNA has on plants. We also aim to contribute a step closer to the agricultural application of extracellular DNA. Additionally, we suggest that extracellular DNA can have a biostimulant effect on plants, and can be applied as a highly sustainable treatment contributing to the circular economy of primary production. Abstract Agricultural systems face several challenges in terms of meeting everyday-growing quantities and qualities of food requirements. However, the ecological and social trade-offs for increasing agricultural production are high, therefore, more sustainable agricultural practices are desired. Researchers are currently working on diverse sustainable techniques based mostly on natural mechanisms that plants have developed along with their evolution. Here, we discuss the potential agricultural application of extracellular DNA (eDNA), its multiple functioning mechanisms in plant metabolism, the importance of hormetic curves establishment, and as a challenge: the technical limitations of the industrial scale for this technology. We highlight the more viable natural mechanisms in which eDNA affects plant metabolism, acting as a damage/microbe-associated molecular pattern (DAMP, MAMP) or as a general plant biostimulant. Finally, we suggest a whole sustainable system, where DNA is extracted from organic sources by a simple methodology to fulfill the molecular characteristics needed to be applied in crop production systems, allowing the reduction in, or perhaps the total removal of, chemical pesticides, fertilizers, and insecticides application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ireri Alejandra Carbajal-Valenzuela
- C. A. Biosystems Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carr. Chichimequillas-Amazcala Km 1 S/N, C.P., El Marques, Querétaro 76265, Mexico; (I.A.C.-V.); (L.H.C.-L.); (A.J.-H.); (A.E.O.-T.); (L.M.C.-M.); (I.T.-P.)
| | - Gabriela Medina-Ramos
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Polytechnic University of Guanajuato, Cortazar 38496, Mexico
- Correspondence: (G.M.-R.); or (R.G.G.-G.); Tel.: +52-1-461-441-4300 (G.M.-R.); +52-1-442-192-1200 (ext. 6093) (R.G.G.-G.)
| | - Laura Helena Caicedo-Lopez
- C. A. Biosystems Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carr. Chichimequillas-Amazcala Km 1 S/N, C.P., El Marques, Querétaro 76265, Mexico; (I.A.C.-V.); (L.H.C.-L.); (A.J.-H.); (A.E.O.-T.); (L.M.C.-M.); (I.T.-P.)
| | - Alejandra Jiménez-Hernández
- C. A. Biosystems Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carr. Chichimequillas-Amazcala Km 1 S/N, C.P., El Marques, Querétaro 76265, Mexico; (I.A.C.-V.); (L.H.C.-L.); (A.J.-H.); (A.E.O.-T.); (L.M.C.-M.); (I.T.-P.)
| | - Adrian Esteban Ortega-Torres
- C. A. Biosystems Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carr. Chichimequillas-Amazcala Km 1 S/N, C.P., El Marques, Querétaro 76265, Mexico; (I.A.C.-V.); (L.H.C.-L.); (A.J.-H.); (A.E.O.-T.); (L.M.C.-M.); (I.T.-P.)
| | - Luis Miguel Contreras-Medina
- C. A. Biosystems Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carr. Chichimequillas-Amazcala Km 1 S/N, C.P., El Marques, Querétaro 76265, Mexico; (I.A.C.-V.); (L.H.C.-L.); (A.J.-H.); (A.E.O.-T.); (L.M.C.-M.); (I.T.-P.)
| | - Irineo Torres-Pacheco
- C. A. Biosystems Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carr. Chichimequillas-Amazcala Km 1 S/N, C.P., El Marques, Querétaro 76265, Mexico; (I.A.C.-V.); (L.H.C.-L.); (A.J.-H.); (A.E.O.-T.); (L.M.C.-M.); (I.T.-P.)
| | - Ramón Gerardo Guevara-González
- C. A. Biosystems Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carr. Chichimequillas-Amazcala Km 1 S/N, C.P., El Marques, Querétaro 76265, Mexico; (I.A.C.-V.); (L.H.C.-L.); (A.J.-H.); (A.E.O.-T.); (L.M.C.-M.); (I.T.-P.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.-R.); or (R.G.G.-G.); Tel.: +52-1-461-441-4300 (G.M.-R.); +52-1-442-192-1200 (ext. 6093) (R.G.G.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wollenweber TE, van Deenen N, Roelfs KU, Prüfer D, Gronover CS. Microscopic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Pollination Processes in Self-Incompatible Taraxacum koksaghyz. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030555. [PMID: 33809548 PMCID: PMC7998978 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The transition of the Russian dandelion Taraxacum koksaghyz (Asteraceae) to a profitable, alternative crop producing natural rubber and inulin requires the optimization of several agronomic traits, cultivation conditions and harvesting procedures to improve the yield. However, efficient breeding is hindered by the obligatory sexual outcrossing of this species. Several other asters have been investigated to determine the mechanism of self-incompatibility, but the underlying molecular basis remains unclear. We therefore investigated the self-pollination and cross-pollination of two compatible T. koksaghyz varieties (TkMS2 and TkMS3) by microscopy and transcriptomic analysis to shed light on the pollination process. Self-pollination showed typical sporophytic self-incompatibility characteristics, with the rare pollen swelling at the pollen tube apex. In contrast, cross-pollination was characterized by pollen germination and penetration of the stigma by the growing pollen tubes. RNA-Seq was used to profile gene expression in the floret tissue during self-pollination and cross-pollination, and the differentially expressed genes were identified. This revealed three candidates for the early regulation of pollination in T. koksaghyz, which can be used to examine self-incompatibility mechanisms in more detail and to facilitate breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Erik Wollenweber
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; (T.E.W.); (N.v.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Nicole van Deenen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; (T.E.W.); (N.v.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Kai-Uwe Roelfs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Dirk Prüfer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; (T.E.W.); (N.v.D.); (D.P.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Christian Schulze Gronover
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49(0)251-83-24998
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bentham AR, De la Concepcion JC, Mukhi N, Zdrzałek R, Draeger M, Gorenkin D, Hughes RK, Banfield MJ. A molecular roadmap to the plant immune system. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14916-14935. [PMID: 32816993 PMCID: PMC7606695 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.010852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by pathogens and pests are a constant threat to global food security. Direct crop losses and the measures used to control disease (e.g. application of pesticides) have significant agricultural, economic, and societal impacts. Therefore, it is essential that we understand the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system, a system that allows plants to resist attack from a wide variety of organisms ranging from viruses to insects. Here, we provide a roadmap to plant immunity, with a focus on cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors. We describe how these receptors perceive signatures of pathogens and pests and initiate immune pathways. We merge existing concepts with new insights gained from recent breakthroughs on the structure and function of plant immune receptors, which have generated a shift in our understanding of cell-surface and intracellular immunity and the interplay between the two. Finally, we use our current understanding of plant immunity as context to discuss the potential of engineering the plant immune system with the aim of bolstering plant defenses against disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Bentham
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nitika Mukhi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rafał Zdrzałek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Draeger
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Danylo Gorenkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard K Hughes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Banfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Q, Zhao T, Liang L, Hou S, Wang G, Ma Q. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of hybrid hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla × Corylus avellana) ChaSRK1/2 genes and their homologs from other cultivars and species. Gene 2020; 756:144917. [PMID: 32590104 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The self-incompatibility system of Corylus is a sporophytic type that is phenotypically similar to that of Brassica. While the molecular mechanism of sporophytic self-incompatibility (SSI) has been investigated extensively in Brassica (Brassicaceae), little is known about the corresponding mechanism in Corylus (Betulaceae). Here, we discuss the SSI mechanism with respect to S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene homologs. To obtain two SRK candidate unigenes, we compared all of the unigenes in a transcriptional protein database from our previous study with BnSRK-1 (AB270767) using BLASTX with a cutoff e-value of 10-5. We then cloned the full-length cDNA of ChaSRK1 and ChaSRK2 genes from Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla × Corylus avellana) using RACE techniques. Bioinformatics approaches were used to analyze the cDNA sequences, protein sequences, and domains of the encoded proteins. The full-length ChaSRK1 cDNA was 2883 base pairs (bp) with a coding sequence (CDS) of 2,547 bp encoding 849 amino acid residues. The full-length ChaSRK2 cDNA was 2,693 bp, with a CDS of 2,433 bp encoding 811 amino acids. The ChaSRK1/2 proteins contained an S-domain (extracellular domain), a transmembrane domain, a Ser/Thr protein kinase active site (kinase domain), and DUF3660 and/or DUF3403 domains. The lengths of 18 partial SRK homologs ranged from 1347 to 1451 bp, and they contained the same structural domains as ChaSRK1 and ChaSRK2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all SRK homologs could be divided into two categories that were similar to the classification of SRKs in Brassica. The expression patterns of ChaSRK1 and ChaSRK2 differed: ChaSRK2 was predominantly expressed in mature stigmatic styles, while ChaSRK1 was expressed in other tissues with the highest in the root tips of Corylus. Using dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization, ChaSRK1/2 expression was found to be localized in papillar cells. Collectively, these results revealed that SRKs from Corylus had similar characteristics to SRKs from Brassica. We therefore speculated that the SSI mechanism in Corylus might be more similar to the Brassica mechanism than to other SSI types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lisong Liang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Sihao Hou
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guixi Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance, Beijing 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barka GD, Caixeta ET, Ferreira SS, Zambolim L. In silico guided structural and functional analysis of genes with potential involvement in resistance to coffee leaf rust: A functional marker based approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0222747. [PMID: 32639982 PMCID: PMC7343155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiology-based differentiation of SH genes and Hemileia vastatrix races is the principal method employed for the characterization of coffee leaf rust resistance. Based on the gene-for-gene theory, nine major rust resistance genes (SH1-9) have been proposed. However, these genes have not been characterized at the molecular level. Consequently, the lack of molecular data regarding rust resistance genes or candidates is a major bottleneck in coffee breeding. To address this issue, we screened a BAC library with resistance gene analogs (RGAs), identified RGAs, characterized and explored for any SH related candidate genes. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of a gene (gene 11), which shares conserved sequences with other SH genes and displays a characteristic polymorphic allele conferring different resistance phenotypes. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the two RGAs belonging to CC-NBS-LRR revealed more intense diversifying selection in tomato and grape genomes than in coffee. For the first time, the present study has unveiled novel insights into the molecular nature of the SH genes, thereby opening new avenues for coffee rust resistance molecular breeding. The characterized candidate RGA is of particular importance for further biological function analysis in coffee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geleta Dugassa Barka
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Cafeeiro (BIOCAFÉ), BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Applied Biology Department, Adama Science and Technology University (ASTU), Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Eveline Teixeira Caixeta
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Cafeeiro (BIOCAFÉ), BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Embrapa Café, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Sávio Siqueira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Cafeeiro (BIOCAFÉ), BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Laércio Zambolim
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Cafeeiro (BIOCAFÉ), BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Durand E, Chantreau M, Le Veve A, Stetsenko R, Dubin M, Genete M, Llaurens V, Poux C, Roux C, Billiard S, Vekemans X, Castric V. Evolution of self-incompatibility in the Brassicaceae: Lessons from a textbook example of natural selection. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1279-1297. [PMID: 32684959 PMCID: PMC7359833 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a self-recognition genetic system enforcing outcrossing in hermaphroditic flowering plants and results in one of the arguably best understood forms of natural (balancing) selection maintaining genetic variation over long evolutionary times. A rich theoretical and empirical population genetics literature has considerably clarified how the distribution of SI phenotypes translates into fitness differences among individuals by a combination of inbreeding avoidance and rare-allele advantage. At the same time, the molecular mechanisms by which self-pollen is specifically recognized and rejected have been described in exquisite details in several model organisms, such that the genotype-to-phenotype map is also pretty well understood, notably in the Brassicaceae. Here, we review recent advances in these two fronts and illustrate how the joint availability of detailed characterization of genotype-to-phenotype and phenotype-to-fitness maps on a single genetic system (plant self-incompatibility) provides the opportunity to understand the evolutionary process in a unique perspective, bringing novel insight on general questions about the emergence, maintenance, and diversification of a complex genetic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Audrey Le Veve
- CNRSUniv. LilleUMR 8198 ‐ Evo‐Eco‐PaleoF-59000 LilleFrance
| | | | - Manu Dubin
- CNRSUniv. LilleUMR 8198 ‐ Evo‐Eco‐PaleoF-59000 LilleFrance
| | - Mathieu Genete
- CNRSUniv. LilleUMR 8198 ‐ Evo‐Eco‐PaleoF-59000 LilleFrance
| | - Violaine Llaurens
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleCNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles CP 5057 rue Cuvier, 75005 ParisFrance
| | - Céline Poux
- CNRSUniv. LilleUMR 8198 ‐ Evo‐Eco‐PaleoF-59000 LilleFrance
| | - Camille Roux
- CNRSUniv. LilleUMR 8198 ‐ Evo‐Eco‐PaleoF-59000 LilleFrance
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Duan Z, Dou S, Liu Z, Li B, Yi B, Shen J, Tu J, Fu T, Dai C, Ma C. Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of compatible and incompatible pollination in Brassica napus L. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:446-456. [PMID: 32268372 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) promotes outbreeding and prevents self-fertilization to promote genetic diversity in angiosperms. Several studies have been carried to investigate SI signaling in plants; however, protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the fine-tuning of the SI response remain insufficiently understood. Here, we performed a phosphoproteomic analysis to identify the phosphoproteins in the stigma of self-compatible 'Westar' and self-incompatible 'W-3' Brassica napus lines. A total of 4109 phosphopeptides representing 1978 unique protein groups were identified. Moreover, 405 and 248 phosphoproteins were significantly changed in response to SI and self-compatibility, respectively. Casein kinase II (CK II) phosphorylation motifs were enriched in self-incompatible response and identified 127 times in 827 dominant SI phosphorylation residues. Functional annotation of the identified phosphoproteins revealed the major roles of these phosphoproteins in plant-pathogen interactions, cell wall modification, mRNA surveillance, RNA degradation, and plant hormone signal transduction. In particular, levels of homolog proteins ABF3, BKI1, BZR2/BSE1, and EIN2 were significantly increased in pistils pollinated with incompatible pollens. Abscisic acid and ethephon treatment partially inhibited seed set, while brassinolide promoted pollen germination and tube growth in SI response. Collectively, our results provided an overview of protein phosphorylation during compatible/incompatible pollination, which may be a potential component of B. napus SI responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengwei Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang JH, Gu KD, Han PL, Yu JQ, Wang CK, Zhang QY, You CX, Hu DG, Hao YJ. Apple ethylene response factor MdERF11 confers resistance to fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110351. [PMID: 31928678 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene response factor (ERF) is a plant-specific transcription factor involved in many biological processes including root formation, hypocotyl elongation, fruit ripening, organ senescence and stress responses, as well as fruit quality formation. However, its underlying mechanism in plant pathogen defense against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea) remains poorly understood. Here, we isolate MdERF11, an apple nucleus-localized ERF transcription factor, from apple cultivar 'Royal Gala'. qRT-PCR assays show that the expression of MdERF11 is significantly induced in apple fruits after B. dothidea infection. Overexpression of MdERF11 gene in apple calli significantly increases the resistance to B.dothidea infection, while silencing MdERF11 in apple calli results in reduced resistance. Ectopic expression of MdERF11 in Arabidopsis also exhibits enhanced resistance to B. dothidea infection compared to that of wild type. Infections in apple calli and Arabidopsis leaves by B. dothidea respectively cause an increase in endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA) followed by induction of SA synthesis-related and signaling-related gene expression. Taken together, these findings illustrate a potential mechanism by which MdERF11 elevates plant pathogen defense against B. dothidea by regulating SA synthesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Peng-Liang Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li P, Lu YJ, Chen H, Day B. The Lifecycle of the Plant Immune System. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2020; 39:72-100. [PMID: 33343063 PMCID: PMC7748258 DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2020.1757829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Throughout their life span, plants confront an endless barrage of pathogens and pests. To successfully defend against biotic threats, plants have evolved a complex immune system responsible for surveillance, perception, and the activation of defense. Plant immunity requires multiple signaling processes, the outcome of which vary according to the lifestyle of the invading pathogen(s). In short, these processes require the activation of host perception, the regulation of numerous signaling cascades, and transcriptome reprograming, all of which are highly dynamic in terms of temporal and spatial scales. At the same time, the development of a single immune event is subjective to the development of plant immune system, which is co-regulated by numerous processes, including plant ontogenesis and the host microbiome. In total, insight into each of these processes provides a fuller understanding of the mechanisms that govern plant-pathogen interactions. In this review, we will discuss the "lifecycle" of plant immunity: the development of individual events of defense, including both local and distal processes, as well as the development and regulation of the overall immune system by ontogenesis regulatory genes and environmental microbiota. In total, we will integrate the output of recent discoveries and theories, together with several hypothetical models, to present a dynamic portrait of plant immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pai Li
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Lu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Muñoz-Sanz JV, Zuriaga E, Cruz-García F, McClure B, Romero C. Self-(In)compatibility Systems: Target Traits for Crop-Production, Plant Breeding, and Biotechnology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:195. [PMID: 32265945 PMCID: PMC7098457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms prevent self-fertilization in flowering plants based on specific discrimination between self- and non-self pollen. Since this trait promotes outcrossing and avoids inbreeding it is a widespread mechanism of controlling sexual plant reproduction. Growers and breeders have effectively exploited SI as a tool for manipulating domesticated crops for thousands of years. However, only within the past thirty years have studies begun to elucidate the underlying molecular features of SI. The specific S-determinants and some modifier factors controlling SI have been identified in the sporophytic system exhibited by Brassica species and in the two very distinct gametophytic systems present in Papaveraceae on one side and in Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Plantaginaceae on the other. Molecular level studies have enabled SI to SC transitions (and vice versa) to be intentionally manipulated using marker assisted breeding and targeted approaches based on transgene integration, silencing, and more recently CRISPR knock-out of SI-related factors. These scientific advances have, in turn, provided a solid basis to implement new crop production and plant breeding practices. Applications of self-(in)compatibility include widely differing objectives such as crop yield and quality improvement, marker-assisted breeding through SI genotyping, and development of hybrids for overcoming intra- and interspecific reproductive barriers. Here, we review scientific progress as well as patented applications of SI, and also highlight future prospects including further elucidation of SI systems, deepening our understanding of SI-environment relationships, and new perspectives on plant self/non-self recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Zuriaga
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Romero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universitat Politécnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carlos Romero,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gu Z, Li W, Doughty J, Meng D, Yang Q, Yuan H, Li Y, Chen Q, Yu J, Liu CS, Li T. A gamma-thionin protein from apple, MdD1, is required for defence against S-RNase-induced inhibition of pollen tube prior to self/non-self recognition. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2184-2198. [PMID: 31001872 PMCID: PMC6790362 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Apple exhibits S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility. Although the cytotoxic effect of S-RNase inside the self-pollen tube has been studied extensively, the underlying defence mechanism in pollen tube in Rosaceae remains unclear. On exposure to stylar S-RNase, plant defence responses are activated in the pollen tube; however, how these are regulated is currently poorly understood. Here, we show that entry of both self and non-self S-RNase into pollen tubes of apple (Malus domestica) stimulates jasmonic acid (JA) production, in turn inducing the accumulation of MdMYC2 transcripts, a transcription factor in the JA signalling pathway widely considered to be involved in plant defence processes. MdMYC2 acts as a positive regulator in the pollen tube activating expression of MdD1, a gene encoding a defence protein. Importantly, MdD1 was shown to bind to the RNase activity sites of S-RNase leading to inhibition of enzymatic activity. This work provides intriguing insights into an ancient defence mechanism present in apple pollen tubes where MdD1 likely acts as a primary line of defence to inhibit S-RNase cytotoxicity prior to self/non-self recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Gu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - James Doughty
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Dong Meng
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Yuan
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiuju Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jie Yu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chun sheng Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Djami-Tchatchou AT, Dubery IA. miR393 regulation of lectin receptor-like kinases associated with LPS perception in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:88-92. [PMID: 30940349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs regulate dynamic aspects of innate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to lipopolysaccharides. Lectin-domain receptor-like kinases function as surveillance proteins and miR393 targets transcripts of an L-type LecRK (LECRK-V.7, At3g59740). This study investigated miR393 regulation of LecRLKs associated with LPS perception. Following pre-treatment of wild type -, miR393 ab double mutant - and miR393 overexpressor plants with LPS, the expression of miR393 and two other LecRLK genes (G-type lectin S-receptor-like protein kinases, SD1-13 (At1g11330) and SD1-29 (At1g61380) were evaluated. Overexpression and repression of miR393 respectively suppressed and induced transcripts of the LecRLK genes. The results indicate that miR393 regulates the three LecRLKs following perception of bacterial LPS, in support of immunity and basal resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud T Djami-Tchatchou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Septiani P, Lanubile A, Stagnati L, Busconi M, Nelissen H, Pè ME, Dell'Acqua M, Marocco A. Unravelling the genetic basis of Fusarium seedling rot resistance in the MAGIC maize population: novel targets for breeding. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5665. [PMID: 30952942 PMCID: PMC6451006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infection by Fusarium verticillioides is cause of prevalent maize disease leading to substantial reductions in yield and grain quality worldwide. Maize resistance to the fungus may occur at different developmental stages, from seedling to maturity. The breeding of resistant maize genotypes may take advantage of the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for disease resistance already commenced at seedling level. The Multi-parent Advance Generation Intercross (MAGIC) population was used to conduct high-definition QTL mapping for Fusarium seedling rot (FSR) resistance using rolled towel assay. Infection severity level, seedling weight and length were measured on 401 MAGIC maize recombinant inbred lines (RILs). QTL mapping was performed on reconstructed RIL haplotypes. One-fifth of the MAGIC RILs were resistant to FSR and 10 QTL were identified. For FSR, two QTL were detected at 2.8 Mb and 241.8 Mb on chromosome 4, and one QTL at 169.6 Mb on chromosome 5. Transcriptomic and sequencing information generated on the MAGIC founder lines was used to guide the identification of eight candidate genes within the identified FSR QTL. We conclude that the rolled towel assay applied to the MAGIC maize population provides a fast and cost-effective method to identify QTL and candidate genes for early resistance to F. verticillioides in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Popi Septiani
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stagnati
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - Matteo Busconi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Centre for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Mario Enrico Pè
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Matteo Dell'Acqua
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Adriano Marocco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang D, Tian C, Yin K, Wang W, Qiu JL. Postinvasive Bacterial Resistance Conferred by Open Stomata in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:255-266. [PMID: 30124364 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-18-0162-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are leaf pores that regulate gas exchange and water transpiration in response to environmental cues. They also function in innate immunity by limiting pathogen entry through actively closing in so-called stomatal defense. However, roles of stomata in plant disease resistance are not fully elucidated, especially in monocots. Here, we report that non-race specific resistance of the rice abscisic acid-deficient mutant Osaba1 to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is due to increased stomatal conductance. Reducing stomatal conductance in the Osaba1 mutant increases its susceptibility to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Artificial opening of stomata in wild-type plants leads to enhanced resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. The rice mutant es1-1 with constitutively higher stomatal conductance exhibits strong resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Additionally, Osaba1 and es1-1 are resistant to X. oryzae pv. oryzicola. The data support that open stomata confer postinvasive resistance against bacterial pathogens in rice, and such resistance probably results from decreased leaf water potential. Our findings reveal a novel role of stomata in plant immunity through modulation of leaf water status, which provides physiological insight into the interactions between plant, pathogen, and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
- 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caijuan Tian
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Kangquan Yin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Wenyi Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Jin-Long Qiu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schimmel BCJ, Alba JM, Wybouw N, Glas JJ, Meijer TT, Schuurink RC, Kant MR. Distinct Signatures of Host Defense Suppression by Plant-Feeding Mites. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3265. [PMID: 30347842 PMCID: PMC6214137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants are attacked by diverse herbivorous arthropods, including by cell-content-feeding mites, such as the extreme generalist Tetranychus urticae and specialists like Tetranychus evansi and Aculops lycopersici. Mite feeding induces plant defense responses that reduce mite performance. However, T. evansi and A. lycopersici suppress plant defenses via poorly understood mechanisms and, consequently, maintain a high performance on tomato. On a shared host, T. urticae can be facilitated by either of the specialist mites, likely due to the suppression of plant defenses. To better understand defense suppression and indirect plant-mediated interactions between herbivorous mites, we used gene-expression microarrays to analyze the transcriptomic changes in tomato after attack by either a single mite species (T. urticae, T. evansi, A. lycopersici) or two species simultaneously (T. urticae plus T. evansi or T. urticae plus A. lycopersici). Additionally, we assessed mite-induced changes in defense-associated phytohormones using LC-MS/MS. Compared to non-infested controls, jasmonates (JAs) and salicylate (SA) accumulated to higher amounts upon all mite-infestation treatments, but the response was attenuated after single infestations with defense-suppressors. Strikingly, whereas 8 to 10% of tomato genes were differentially expressed upon single infestations with T. urticae or A. lycopersici, respectively, only 0.1% was altered in T. evansi-infested plants. Transcriptome analysis of dual-infested leaves revealed that A. lycopersici primarily suppressed T. urticae-induced JA defenses, while T. evansi dampened T. urticae-triggered host responses on a transcriptome-wide scale. The latter suggests that T. evansi not solely down-regulates plant gene expression, but rather directs it back towards housekeeping levels. Our results provide valuable new insights into the mechanisms underlying host defense suppression and the plant-mediated facilitation of competing herbivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardus C J Schimmel
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Juan M Alba
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Joris J Glas
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomas T Meijer
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Merijn R Kant
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Uthup TK, Karumamkandathil R, Ravindran M, Saha T. Heterografting induced DNA methylation polymorphisms in Hevea brasiliensis. PLANTA 2018; 248:579-589. [PMID: 29799082 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heterografting induced intraclonal epigenetic variations were detected among rubber plants. Interaction between genetically divergent root stock and scion tissues might have triggered these epigenetic changes which may eventually lead to intraclonal variability in rubber. DNA methylation in response to stress may be associated with the alteration in gene transcription leading to morphological changes in plants. Rubber tree is commercially propagated by bud grafting where the scion of a high yielding variety is grafted on to a genetically divergent root stock. Still, significant levels of intraclonal variations exist among them. Epigenetic changes associated with heterografting may be partly responsible for this conundrum. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify the impact of divergent root stock on the epigenome of scion in grafted rubber plants. Heterografts were developed by grafting eye buds from a single polyembryony derived seedling on to genetically divergent root stocks of unknown parentage. The plants were uniformly maintained and their DNA was subjected to MSAP analysis. Polymorphic DNA methylation bands corresponding to CG as well as the plant-specific CHG types of methylation were observed. Cloning of selected polymorphic regions and bisulfite sequencing confirmed the presence of methylation in the promoter and coding region of important genes including an LRR receptor kinase gene. Since divergent root stock is the major factor differentiating the grafted plants, the changes in DNA methylation patterns might have been triggered by the interaction between the two genetically different tissues of stock and scion. The study assumes importance in Hevea, because accumulation and maintenance of epigenetic changes in functional genes and promoters during subsequent cycles of vegetative propagation may contribute towards intraclonal variability eventually leading to altered phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Uthup
- Advanced Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rubber Research Institute of India, Rubber Board P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India.
| | - Rekha Karumamkandathil
- Advanced Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rubber Research Institute of India, Rubber Board P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India
| | - Minimol Ravindran
- Advanced Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rubber Research Institute of India, Rubber Board P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India
| | - Thakurdas Saha
- Advanced Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rubber Research Institute of India, Rubber Board P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhang T, Zhou G, Duan Z, Li B, Dou S, Liang X, Tu J, Shen J, Yi B, Fu T, Dai C, Ma C. Mechanism of Salt-Induced Self-Compatibility Dissected by Comparative Proteomic Analysis in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1652. [PMID: 29865276 PMCID: PMC6032146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) in plants genetically prevents self-fertilization to promote outcrossing and genetic diversity. Its hybrids in Brassica have been widely cultivated due to the propagation of SI lines by spraying a salt solution. We demonstrated that suppression of Brassica napus SI from edible salt solution treatment was ascribed to sodium chloride and independent of S haplotypes, but it did not obviously change the expression of SI-related genes. Using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique, we identified 885 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in Brassica napus stigmas of un-pollinated (UP), pollinated with compatible pollen (PC), pollinated with incompatible pollen (PI), and pollinated with incompatible pollen after edible salt solution treatment (NA). Of the 307 DAPs in NA/UP, 134 were unique and 94 were shared only with PC/UP. In PC and NA, some salt stress protein species, such as glyoxalase I, were induced, and these protein species were likely to participate in the self-compatibility (SC) pathway. Most of the identified protein species were related to metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ribosome, and so on. A systematic analysis implied that salt treatment-overcoming SI in B.napus was likely conferred by at least five different physiological mechanisms: (i) the use of Ca2+ as signal molecule; (ii) loosening of the cell wall to allow pollen tube penetration; (iii) synthesis of compatibility factor protein species for pollen tube growth; (iv) depolymerization of microtubule networks to facilitate pollen tube movement; and (v) inhibition of protein degradation pathways to restrain the SI response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guilong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shengwei Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chantha SC, Herman AC, Castric V, Vekemans X, Marande W, Schoen DJ. The unusual S locus of Leavenworthia is composed of two sets of paralogous loci. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:1247-1255. [PMID: 28906557 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Leavenworthia self-incompatibility locus (S locus) consists of paralogs (Lal2, SCRL) of the canonical Brassicaceae S locus genes (SRK, SCR), and is situated in a genomic position that differs from the ancestral one in the Brassicaceae. Unexpectedly, in a small number of Leavenworthia alabamica plants examined, sequences closely resembling exon 1 of SRK have been found, but the function of these has remained unclear. BAC cloning and expression analyses were employed to characterize these SRK-like sequences. An SRK-positive Bacterial Artificial Chromosome clone was found to contain complete SRK and SCR sequences located close by one another in the derived genomic position of the Leavenworthia S locus, and in place of the more typical Lal2 and SCRL sequences. These sequences are expressed in stigmas and anthers, respectively, and crossing data show that the SRK/SCR haplotype is functional in self-incompatibility. Population surveys indicate that < 5% of Leavenworthia S loci possess such alleles. An ancestral translocation or recombination event involving SRK/SCR and Lal2/SCRL likely occurred, together with neofunctionalization of Lal2/SCRL, and both haplotype groups now function as Leavenworthia S locus alleles. These findings suggest that S locus alleles can have distinctly different evolutionary origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sier-Ching Chantha
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A1B1
| | - Adam C Herman
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A1B1
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Vincent Castric
- Unité Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP) - UMR 8198, CNRS/Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, F-59655, France
| | - Xavier Vekemans
- Unité Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP) - UMR 8198, CNRS/Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, F-59655, France
| | - William Marande
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 31326, Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Daniel J Schoen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A1B1
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lanubile A, Maschietto V, Borrelli VM, Stagnati L, Logrieco AF, Marocco A. Molecular Basis of Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1774. [PMID: 29075283 PMCID: PMC5644281 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change has been identified as an emerging issue for food security and safety, and the increased incidence of mycotoxin contamination in maize over the last two decades is considered a potential emerging hazard. Disease control by chemical and agronomic approaches is often ineffective and increases the cost of production; for this reason the exploitation of genetic resistance is the most sustainable method for reducing contamination. The review focuses on the significant advances that have been made in the development of transcriptomic, genetic and genomic information for maize, Fusarium verticillioides molds, and their interactions, over recent years. Findings from transcriptomic studies have been used to outline a specific model for the intracellular signaling cascade occurring in maize cells against F. verticillioides infection. Several recognition receptors, such as receptor-like kinases and R genes, are involved in pathogen perception, and trigger down-stream signaling networks mediated by mitogen-associated protein kinases. These signals could be orchestrated primarily by hormones, including salicylic acid, auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid, in association with calcium signaling, targeting multiple transcription factors that in turn promote the down-stream activation of defensive response genes, such as those related to detoxification processes, phenylpropanoid, and oxylipin metabolic pathways. At the genetic and genomic levels, several quantitative trait loci (QTL) and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers for resistance to Fusarium ear rot deriving from QTL mapping and genome-wide association studies are described, indicating the complexity of this polygenic trait. All these findings will contribute to identifying candidate genes for resistance and to applying genomic technologies for selecting resistant maize genotypes and speeding up a strategy of breeding to contrast disease, through plants resistant to mycotoxin-producing pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Valentina Maschietto
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Virginia M. Borrelli
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stagnati
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Adriano Marocco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Klaas Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tock AJ, Fourie D, Walley PG, Holub EB, Soler A, Cichy KA, Pastor-Corrales MA, Song Q, Porch TG, Hart JP, Vasconcellos RCC, Vicente JG, Barker GC, Miklas PN. Genome-Wide Linkage and Association Mapping of Halo Blight Resistance in Common Bean to Race 6 of the Globally Important Bacterial Pathogen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1170. [PMID: 28736566 PMCID: PMC5500643 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psph) Race 6 is a globally prevalent and broadly virulent bacterial pathogen with devastating impact causing halo blight of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Common bean lines PI 150414 and CAL 143 are known sources of resistance against this pathogen. We constructed high-resolution linkage maps for three recombinant inbred populations to map resistance to Psph Race 6 derived from the two common bean lines. This was complemented with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Race 6 resistance in an Andean Diversity Panel of common bean. Race 6 resistance from PI 150414 maps to a single major-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL; HB4.2) on chromosome Pv04 and confers broad-spectrum resistance to eight other races of the pathogen. Resistance segregating in a Rojo × CAL 143 population maps to five chromosome arms and includes HB4.2. GWAS detected one QTL (HB5.1) on chromosome Pv05 for resistance to Race 6 with significant influence on seed yield. The same HB5.1 QTL, found in both Canadian Wonder × PI 150414 and Rojo × CAL 143 populations, was effective against Race 6 but lacks broad resistance. This study provides evidence for marker-assisted breeding for more durable halo blight control in common bean by combining alleles of race-nonspecific resistance (HB4.2 from PI 150414) and race-specific resistance (HB5.1 from cv. Rojo).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Tock
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of WarwickWellesbourne, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deidré Fourie
- ARC-Grain Crops InstitutePotchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Peter G. Walley
- Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eric B. Holub
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of WarwickWellesbourne, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Soler
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of AgricultureProsser, WA, United States
| | - Karen A. Cichy
- Sugarbeet and Bean Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of AgricultureEast Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of AgricultureBeltsville, MD, United States
| | - Qijian Song
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of AgricultureBeltsville, MD, United States
| | - Timothy G. Porch
- Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of AgricultureMayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - John P. Hart
- Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of AgricultureMayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Joana G. Vicente
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of WarwickWellesbourne, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C. Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of WarwickWellesbourne, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip N. Miklas
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of AgricultureProsser, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Van Holle S, De Schutter K, Eggermont L, Tsaneva M, Dang L, Van Damme EJM. Comparative Study of Lectin Domains in Model Species: New Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061136. [PMID: 28587095 PMCID: PMC5485960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are present throughout the plant kingdom and are reported to be involved in diverse biological processes. In this study, we provide a comparative analysis of the lectin families from model species in a phylogenetic framework. The analysis focuses on the different plant lectin domains identified in five representative core angiosperm genomes (Arabidopsisthaliana, Glycine max, Cucumis sativus, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and Oryza sativa ssp. indica). The genomes were screened for genes encoding lectin domains using a combination of Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), hidden Markov models, and InterProScan analysis. Additionally, phylogenetic relationships were investigated by constructing maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees. The results demonstrate that the majority of the lectin families are present in each of the species under study. Domain organization analysis showed that most identified proteins are multi-domain proteins, owing to the modular rearrangement of protein domains during evolution. Most of these multi-domain proteins are widespread, while others display a lineage-specific distribution. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analyses reveal that some lectin families evolved to be similar to the phylogeny of the plant species, while others share a closer evolutionary history based on the corresponding protein domain architecture. Our results yield insights into the evolutionary relationships and functional divergence of plant lectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Van Holle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof De Schutter
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lore Eggermont
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mariya Tsaneva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Liuyi Dang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Baloyi NM, Dubery IA, Piater LA. Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis plasma membranes reveals lipopolysaccharide-responsive changes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:1137-1142. [PMID: 28390899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant plasma membranes (PMs) contain pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), lately believed to be associated within multicomponent complexes, which perceive microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules like lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and result in signal transduction events that lead to activated immune defense responses. As such, Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were treated with LPS from Escherichia coli (LPSE.coli) over time, and PM fractions isolated and evaluated using gel-based and subsequent mass spectrometry approaches for identification of LPS-responsive proteins. From the identified protein bands and spots, it is concluded that perception of hexaacylated LPS and resulting signal transduction occurs via PM-associated protein(s), amongst others, receptor-like kinases (RLKs) including G-type lectin S-receptor kinase and BAK1, and mostly likely within specialized perception domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nwaxigombe M Baloyi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang T, Gao C, Yue Y, Liu Z, Ma C, Zhou G, Yang Y, Duan Z, Li B, Wen J, Yi B, Shen J, Tu J, Fu T. Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis of Compatible and Incompatible Pollen-Stigma Interactions in Brassica napus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:682. [PMID: 28515735 PMCID: PMC5413569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Brassica species exhibit both compatible and incompatible pollen-stigma interactions, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, RNA-seq technology was applied in a comprehensive time-course experiment (2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min) to explore gene expression during compatible/incompatible pollen-stigma interactions in stigma. Moderate changes of gene expression were observed both in compatible pollination (PC) and incompatible pollination (PI) within 10 min, whereas drastic changes showed up by 30 min, especially in PI. Stage specific DEGs [Differentially Expressed Gene(s)] were identified, and signaling pathways such as stress response, defense response, cell wall modification and others were found to be over-represented. In addition, enriched genes in all samples were analyzed as well, 293 most highly expressed genes were identified and annotated. Gene Ontology and metabolic pathway analysis revealed 10 most highly expressed genes and 37 activated metabolic pathways. According to the data, downstream components were activated in signaling pathways of both compatible and incompatible responses, and incompatible response had more complicated signal transduction networks. This study provides more detailed molecular information at different time points after compatible and incompatible pollination, deepening our knowledge about pollen-stigma interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Changbin Gao
- Department of Leafy Vegetable, Wuan Institute of Vegetable ScienceWuhan, China
| | - Yao Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Guilong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Bing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
For the majority of fungal species, the somatic body of an individual is a network of interconnected cells sharing a common cytoplasm and organelles. This syncytial organization contributes to an efficient distribution of resources, energy, and biochemical signals. Cell fusion is a fundamental process for fungal development, colony establishment, and habitat exploitation and can occur between hyphal cells of an individual colony or between colonies of genetically distinct individuals. One outcome of cell fusion is the establishment of a stable heterokaryon, culminating in benefits for each individual via shared resources or being of critical importance for the sexual or parasexual cycle of many fungal species. However, a second outcome of cell fusion between genetically distinct strains is formation of unstable heterokaryons and the induction of a programmed cell death reaction in the heterokaryotic cells. This reaction of nonself rejection, which is termed heterokaryon (or vegetative) incompatibility, is widespread in the fungal kingdom and acts as a defense mechanism against genome exploitation and mycoparasitism. Here, we review the currently identified molecular players involved in the process of somatic cell fusion and its regulation in filamentous fungi. Thereafter, we summarize the knowledge of the molecular determinants and mechanism of heterokaryon incompatibility and place this phenomenon in the broader context of biotropic interactions and immunity.
Collapse
|
34
|
Corrigendum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1555. [PMID: 28079934 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
|
35
|
Sanabria NM, Dubery IA. Alternative splicing of the receptor-like kinase Nt-Sd-RLK in tobacco cells responding to lipopolysaccharides: suggestive of a role in pathogen surveillance and perception? FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3628-3638. [PMID: 27657914 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nt-Sd-RLK encodes an S-domain lectin receptor-like kinase that is induced in response to microbe-associated molecular pattern molecules (MAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we investigated the alternative splicing of Nt-Sd-RLK in response to LPS stimulation. Our data indicate that in nonstimulated cells, a shorter transcript of Nt-Sd-RLK is generated and that in response to LPS, alternative splicing produces the full-length transcript. We propose that the extracellular domain of Nt-Sd-RLK encoded by the shorter transcript functions in pathogen surveillance. Once this domain binds LPS, alternative splicing generates the kinase domain-containing Nt-Sd-RLK that activates downstream signalling leading to a defence response. Thus, our findings suggest that plant defence signalling may be regulated through the alternative splicing of receptor-like kinases involved in pathogen recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Sanabria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schoen DJ, Roda MJ. Selection of sporophytic and gametophytic self-incompatibility in the absence of a superlocus. Evolution 2016; 70:1409-17. [PMID: 27111063 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a complex trait that enforces outcrossing in plant populations. SI generally involves tight linkage of genes coding for the proteins that underlie self-pollen detection and pollen identity specification. Here, we develop two-locus genetic models to address the question of whether sporophytic SI (SSI) and gametophytic SI (GSI) can invade populations of self-compatible plants when there is no linkage or weak linkage of the underlying pollen detection and identity genes (i.e., no S-locus supergene). The models assume that SI evolves as a result of exaptation of genes formerly involved in functions other than SI. Model analysis reveals that SSI and GSI can invade populations even when the underlying genes are loosely linked, provided that inbreeding depression and selfing rate are sufficiently high. Reducing recombination between these genes makes conditions for invasion more lenient. These results can help account for multiple, independent evolution of SI systems as seems to have occurred in the angiosperms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schoen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Megan J Roda
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li M, Wang K, Li S, Yang P. Exploration of rice pistil responses during early post-pollination through a combined proteomic and transcriptomic analysis. J Proteomics 2015; 131:214-226. [PMID: 26546731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pollen-stigma interaction is a multi-step and complex physiological process which contains different signaling and biochemical pathways. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying this process in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, the changes of gene expression were investigated through a combination study of transcriptome and proteome profiles in rice pistil during pollination. Totally, 1117 differentially expressed genes were identified, among which 962 and 167 were detected at transcriptional and protein level respectively. Functional categorization analysis showed that the genes involved in central metabolism were up-regulated, which can lead to the enhancement of these metabolisms. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) were over-accumulated in the stigma. In response to this, the proteins or transcripts involved in redox homeostasis regulation were differentially expressed. Furthermore, significant changes of protein ubiquitination and its related genes or proteins, especially some E3 ligases encoding genes, indicate that protein ubiquitination might play important roles in cell signal transduction during the pollination process. Our study sheds some lights on gene and protein expression profiles of rice pistil pollination process, and gives us a comprehensive understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms controlling pollination in rice. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using RNA-seq, 2-DE and iTRAQ assays, we have generated the large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic data containing abundant information on genes involved in pollen and pistil interaction. Our results showed that ROS were significantly accumulated in stigma after pollination, and the abundance of genes involve in redox homeostasis system were changed variously. We also show that, changes of some E3 ligases encoding genes might indicate that protein ubiquitination play important roles in cell signal transduction during the pollination process. Data in this study might be helpful to deeply understand the pollination in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Pingfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Menzel M, Sletvold N, Ågren J, Hansson B. Inbreeding Affects Gene Expression Differently in Two Self-Incompatible Arabidopsis lyrata Populations with Similar Levels of Inbreeding Depression. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2036-47. [PMID: 25855783 PMCID: PMC4833072 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of which genes and pathways are affected by inbreeding may help understanding the genetic basis of inbreeding depression, the potential for purging (selection against deleterious recessive alleles), and the transition from outcrossing to selfing. Arabidopsis lyrata is a predominantly self-incompatible perennial plant, closely related to the selfing model species A. thaliana. To examine how inbreeding affects gene expression, we compared the transcriptome of experimentally selfed and outcrossed A. lyrata originating from two Scandinavian populations that express similar inbreeding depression for fitness (∂ ≈ 0.80). The number of genes significantly differentially expressed between selfed and outcrossed individuals were 2.5 times higher in the Norwegian population (≈ 500 genes) than in the Swedish population (≈ 200 genes). In both populations, a majority of genes were upregulated on selfing (≈ 80%). Functional annotation analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that selfed offspring were characterized by 1) upregulation of stress-related genes in both populations and 2) upregulation of photosynthesis-related genes in Sweden but downregulation in Norway. Moreover, we found that reproduction- and pollination-related genes were affected by inbreeding only in Norway. We conclude that inbreeding causes both general and population-specific effects. The observed common effects suggest that inbreeding generally upregulates rather than downregulates gene expression and affects genes associated with stress response and general metabolic activity. Population differences in the number of affected genes and in effects on the expression of photosynthesis-related genes show that the genetic basis of inbreeding depression can differ between populations with very similar levels of inbreeding depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Menzel
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nina Sletvold
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Ågren
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
How eukaryotic filamentous pathogens evade plant recognition. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 26:92-101. [PMID: 26162502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes employ sophisticated mechanisms for evading host recognition. After host penetration, many fungi and oomycetes establish a biotrophic interaction. It is assumed that different strategies employed by these pathogens to avoid triggering host defence responses, including establishment of biotrophic interfacial layers between the pathogen and host, masking of invading hyphae and active suppression of host defence mechanisms, are essential for a biotrophic parasitic lifestyle. During the infection process, filamentous plant pathogens secrete various effectors, which are hypothesized to be involved in facilitating effective host infection. Live-cell imaging of fungi and oomycetes secreting fluorescently labeled effector proteins as well as functional characterization of the components of biotrophic interfaces have led to the recent progress in understanding how eukaryotic filamentous pathogens evade plant recognition.
Collapse
|
40
|
Djami-Tchatchou AT, Maake MP, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Isonitrosoacetophenone drives transcriptional reprogramming in Nicotiana tabacum cells in support of innate immunity and defense. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117377. [PMID: 25658943 PMCID: PMC4319752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to various stress stimuli by activating broad-spectrum defense responses both locally as well as systemically. As such, identification of expressed genes represents an important step towards understanding inducible defense responses and assists in designing appropriate intervention strategies for disease management. Genes differentially expressed in tobacco cell suspensions following elicitation with isonitrosoacetophenone (INAP) were identified using mRNA differential display and pyro-sequencing. Sequencing data produced 14579 reads, which resulted in 198 contigs and 1758 singletons. Following BLAST analyses, several inducible plant defense genes of interest were identified and classified into functional categories including signal transduction, transcription activation, transcription and protein synthesis, protein degradation and ubiquitination, stress-responsive, defense-related, metabolism and energy, regulation, transportation, cytoskeleton and cell wall-related. Quantitative PCR was used to investigate the expression of 17 selected target genes within these categories. Results indicate that INAP has a sensitising or priming effect through activation of salicylic acid-, jasmonic acid- and ethylene pathways that result in an altered transcriptome, with the expression of genes involved in perception of pathogens and associated cellular re-programming in support of defense. Furthermore, infection assays with the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci confirmed the establishment of a functional anti-microbial environment in planta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mmapula P Maake
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mgcina LS, Dubery IA, Piater LA. Comparative conventional- and quantum dot-labeling strategies for LPS binding site detection in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:335. [PMID: 26029233 PMCID: PMC4428080 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria is recognized as a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) and not only induces an innate immune response in plants, but also stimulates the development of characteristic defense responses. However, identification and characterization of a cell surface LPS-receptor/binding site, as described in mammals, remains elusive in plants. As an amphiphilic, macromolecular lipoglycan, intact LPS potentially contains three MAMP-active regions, represented by the O-polysaccharide chain, the core and the lipid A. Binding site studies with intact labeled LPS were conducted in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts and quantified using flow cytometry fluorescence changes. Quantum dots (Qdots), which allow non-covalent, hydrophobic labeling were used as a novel strategy in this study and compared to covalent, hydrophilic labeling with Alexa 488. Affinity for LPS-binding sites was clearly demonstrated by concentration-, temperature-, and time-dependent increases in protoplast fluorescence following treatment with the labeled LPS. Moreover, this induced fluorescence increase was convincingly reduced following pre-treatment with excess unlabeled LPS, thereby indicating reversibility of LPS binding. Inhibition of the binding process is also reported using endo- and exocytosis inhibitors. Here, we present evidence for the anticipated presence of LPS-specific binding sites in Arabidopsis protoplasts, and furthermore propose Qdots as a more sensitive LPS-labeling strategy in comparison to the conventional Alexa 488 hydrazide label for binding studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lizelle A. Piater
- *Correspondence: Lizelle A. Piater, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Corner of Kingsway and University Road, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh P Bais
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE, 19711, USA; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Depuydt S. Arguments for and against self and non-self root recognition in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:614. [PMID: 25414719 PMCID: PMC4222137 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Root-root interaction research gained more and more attention over the past few years. Roots are pivotal for plant survival because they ensure uptake of water and nutrients. Therefore, detection of adjacent roots might lead to competitive advantages. Several lines of experimental evidence suggest that roots have ways to discriminate non-related roots, kin, and-importantly-that they can sense self/non-self roots to avoid intra-plant competition. In this mini-review, the existence of self/non-self recognition in plant roots will be discussed and the current knowledge on the mechanisms that could be involved will be summarized. Although the process of identity recognition is still not completely understood, interesting data are available and emerging new technologies will certainly aid to better understand this research field that can have an important biological, ecological, and agricultural impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Depuydt
- Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sanabria NM, Huang JC, Dubery IA. Self/nonself perception in plants in innate immunity and defense. SELF NONSELF 2014; 1:40-54. [PMID: 21559176 DOI: 10.4161/self.1.1.10442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to distinguish 'self' from 'nonself' is the most fundamental aspect of any immune system. The evolutionary solution in plants to the problems of perceiving and responding to pathogens involves surveillance of nonself, damaged-self and altered-self as danger signals. This is reflected in basal resistance or non-host resistance, which is the innate immune response that protects plants against the majority of pathogens. In the case of surveillance of nonself, plants utilize receptor-like proteins or -kinases (RLP/Ks) as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which can detect conserved pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern (P/MAMP) molecules. P/MAMP detection serves as an early warning system for the presence of a wide range of potential pathogens and the timely activation of plant defense mechanisms. However, adapted microbes express a suite of effector proteins that often interfere or act as suppressors of these defenses. In response, plants have evolved a second line of defense that includes intracellular nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR)-containing resistance proteins, which recognize isolate-specific pathogen effectors once the cell wall has been compromised. This host-immunity acts within the species level and is controlled by polymorphic host genes, where resistance protein-mediated activation of defense is based on an 'altered-self' recognition mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Sanabria
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Johannesburg; Auckland Park, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hou S, Wang X, Chen D, Yang X, Wang M, Turrà D, Di Pietro A, Zhang W. The secreted peptide PIP1 amplifies immunity through receptor-like kinase 7. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004331. [PMID: 25188390 PMCID: PMC4154866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, innate immune responses are initiated by plasma membrane-located pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) upon recognition of elicitors, including exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Arabidopsis thaliana produces more than 1000 secreted peptide candidates, but it has yet to be established whether any of these act as elicitors. Here we identified an A. thaliana gene family encoding precursors of PAMP-induced secreted peptides (prePIPs) through an in-silico approach. The expression of some members of the family, including prePIP1 and prePIP2, is induced by a variety of pathogens and elicitors. Subcellular localization and proteolytic processing analyses demonstrated that the prePIP1 product is secreted into extracellular spaces where it is cleaved at the C-terminus. Overexpression of prePIP1 and prePIP2, or exogenous application of PIP1 and PIP2 synthetic peptides corresponding to the C-terminal conserved regions in prePIP1 and prePIP2, enhanced immune responses and pathogen resistance in A. thaliana. Genetic and biochemical analyses suggested that the receptor-like kinase 7 (RLK7) functions as a receptor of PIP1. Once perceived by RLK7, PIP1 initiates overlapping and distinct immune signaling responses together with the DAMP PEP1. PIP1 and PEP1 cooperate in amplifying the immune responses triggered by the PAMP flagellin. Collectively, these studies provide significant insights into immune modulation by Arabidopsis endogenous secreted peptides. Both animals and plants have evolved mechanisms to trigger innate immunity through perception of exogenous and endogenous molecules. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, endogenous molecules such as the peptide elicitor PEP1 activate the immune response by means of cell surface-located receptors. Here we describe a new gene family in A. thaliana named prePIPs, whose members encode secreted peptide precursors, and show that one of its members, prePIP1, is secreted into extracellular space and cleaved at the C-terminus. Exogenous application of PIP1, the synthetic 13-amino acid peptide corresponding to the conserved C-terminal region of prePIP1, triggered immune responses and led to enhanced pathogen resistance in A. thaliana. We further provide evidence showing that PIP1 signals via the receptor-like kinase 7 (RLK7) and employs both shared and distinct components with the PEP1 signaling pathway. Both PIP1 and PEP1 cooperatively amplify the immune response triggered by flg22, the active epitope of bacterial flagellin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Donghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - David Turrà
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cookson SJ, Clemente Moreno MJ, Hevin C, Nyamba Mendome LZ, Delrot S, Magnin N, Trossat-Magnin C, Ollat N. Heterografting with nonself rootstocks induces genes involved in stress responses at the graft interface when compared with autografted controls. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2473-81. [PMID: 24692649 PMCID: PMC4036518 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although grafting is widely used in the agriculture of fruit-bearing crops, little is known about graft union formation in particular when two different species are grafted together. It is fascinating that two different plant species brought together can develop harmoniously as one organism for many decades. The objective of this study was to determine whether grafting two different grapevine genotypes alters gene expression at the graft interface in comparison to the presumably wound-like gene expression changes induced in autografts. Gene expression at the graft interface was studied 3, 7, 14, and 28 d after grafting in hetero- and autografts of grapevine (Vitis spp.). Genes differentially expressed between the hetero- and autografts during graft union formation were identified. These genes were clustered according to their expression profile over the time course. MapMan and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed the coordinated upregulation of genes from numerous functional categories related to stress responses in the hetero- compared to the autografts. This indicates that heterografting with nonself rootstocks upregulates stress responses at the graft interface, potentially suggesting that the cells of the graft interface can detect the presence of a nonself grafting partner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Cookson
- EGFV, ISVV, INRA, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - C Hevin
- EGFV, ISVV, INRA, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - S Delrot
- EGFV, ISVV, University of Bordeaux, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - N Magnin
- Santé et Agro-écologie du Vignoble, ISVV, INRA, UMR 1065 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - C Trossat-Magnin
- EGFV, ISVV, University of Bordeaux, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - N Ollat
- EGFV, ISVV, INRA, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Clinical guidelines and definitions of autoinflammatory diseases: contrasts and comparisons with autoimmunity-a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014; 45:227-35. [PMID: 23322404 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) and autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by an aberrant chronic activation of the immune system which causes tissue inflammation and damage in genetically predisposed individuals. Pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this damage differ between these two types of diseases; in AIDs, the innate immune system is directly responsible for tissue inflammation, while in ADs it works by activating the adaptive immune system, which becomes the main effector of the inflammatory process. Despite the fact that AIDs have only been recently defined, they are older than ADs. The innate immune system is found in plants and animals, and it developed earlier than the adaptive immune system, which first appeared in jawed vertebrates. According to genetic background and clinical, serological, and radiological findings, AIDs and ADs might be considered as a single spectrum of disorders, with a wide range of manifestations. Indeed, autoinflammatory-like diseases have been reported in simple organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. We analyzed here the main pathogenetic and clinical features of these two groups of diseases mostly dealing with their similarities and differences.
Collapse
|
48
|
Wilkins KA, Poulter NS, Franklin-Tong VE. Taking one for the team: self-recognition and cell suicide in pollen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:1331-42. [PMID: 24449385 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is an important genetically controlled mechanism used by many angiosperms to prevent self-fertilization and inbreeding. A multiallelic S-locus allows discrimination between 'self' (incompatible) pollen from 'nonself' pollen at the pistil. Interaction of matching pollen and pistil S-determinants allows 'self' recognition and triggers rejection of incompatible pollen. The S-determinants for Papaver rhoeas (poppy) are PrsS and PrpS. PrsS is a small secreted protein that acts as a signalling ligand to interact with its cognate pollen S-determinant PrpS, a small novel transmembrane protein. Interaction of PrsS with incompatible pollen stimulates increases in cytosolic free Ca(2+) and involves influx of Ca(2+) and K(+). Data implicate involvement of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signalling in the SI response. Downstream targets include the cytoskeleton, a soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase, Pr-p26.1, and a MAP kinase, PrMPK9-1. A major focus for SI-induced signalling is to initiate programmed cell death (PCD). In this review we provide an overview of our understanding of SI, with focus on how the signals and components are integrated, in particular, how reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and the actin cytoskeleton feed into a PCD network. We also discuss our recent functional expression of PrpS in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen in the context of understanding how PCD signalling systems may have evolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Wilkins
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Multi-platform metabolomic analyses of ergosterol-induced dynamic changes in Nicotiana tabacum cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87846. [PMID: 24498209 PMCID: PMC3909234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is providing new dimensions into understanding the intracellular adaptive responses in plants to external stimuli. In this study, a multi-technology-metabolomic approach was used to investigate the effect of the fungal sterol, ergosterol, on the metabolome of cultured tobacco cells. Cell suspensions were treated with different concentrations (0-1000 nM) of ergosterol and incubated for different time periods (0-24 h). Intracellular metabolites were extracted with two methods: a selective dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and a general methanol extraction. Chromatographic techniques (GC-FID, GC-MS, GC × GC-TOF-MS, UHPLC-MS) and (1)H NMR spectroscopy were used for quantitative and qualitative analyses. Multivariate data analyses (PCA and OPLS-DA models) were used to extract interpretable information from the multidimensional data generated from the analytical techniques. The results showed that ergosterol triggered differential changes in the metabolome of the cells, leading to variation in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. PCA scores plots revealed dose- and time-dependent metabolic variations, with optimal treatment conditions being found to be 300 nM ergosterol and an 18 h incubation period. The observed ergosterol-induced metabolic changes were correlated with changes in defence-related metabolites. The 'defensome' involved increases in terpenoid metabolites with five antimicrobial compounds (the bicyclic sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins: phytuberin, solavetivone, capsidiol, lubimin and rishitin) and other metabolites (abscisic acid and phytosterols) putatively identified. In addition, various phenylpropanoid precursors, cinnamic acid derivatives and - conjugates, coumarins and lignin monomers were annotated. These annotated metabolites revealed a dynamic reprogramming of metabolic networks that are functionally correlated, with a high complexity in their regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul A. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Drug Discovery and Development, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Delaunois B, Jeandet P, Clément C, Baillieul F, Dorey S, Cordelier S. Uncovering plant-pathogen crosstalk through apoplastic proteomic studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:249. [PMID: 24917874 PMCID: PMC4042593 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens have evolved by developing different strategies to infect their host, which in turn have elaborated immune responses to counter the pathogen invasion. The apoplast, including the cell wall and extracellular space outside the plasma membrane, is one of the first compartments where pathogen-host interaction occurs. The plant cell wall is composed of a complex network of polysaccharides polymers and glycoproteins and serves as a natural physical barrier against pathogen invasion. The apoplastic fluid, circulating through the cell wall and intercellular spaces, provides a means for delivering molecules and facilitating intercellular communications. Some plant-pathogen interactions lead to plant cell wall degradation allowing pathogens to penetrate into the cells. In turn, the plant immune system recognizes microbial- or damage-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or DAMPs) and initiates a set of basal immune responses, including the strengthening of the plant cell wall. The establishment of defense requires the regulation of a wide variety of proteins that are involved at different levels, from receptor perception of the pathogen via signaling mechanisms to the strengthening of the cell wall or degradation of the pathogen itself. A fine regulation of apoplastic proteins is therefore essential for rapid and effective pathogen perception and for maintaining cell wall integrity. This review aims to provide insight into analyses using proteomic approaches of the apoplast to highlight the modulation of the apoplastic protein patterns during pathogen infection and to unravel the key players involved in plant-pathogen interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sylvain Cordelier
- *Correspondence: Sylvain Cordelier, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse – BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|