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Minden V, Verhoeven K, Olde Venterink H. Adaptive plasticity and fitness costs of endangered, nonendangered, and invasive plants in response to variation in nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10075. [PMID: 37193113 PMCID: PMC10182570 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Global change drivers such as eutrophication and plant invasions will create novel environments for many plant species. Through adaptive trait plasticity plants may maintain their performance under these novel conditions and may outcompete those showing low-adaptive trait plasticity. In a greenhouse study, we determined if plasticity in traits is adaptive or maladaptive in endangered, nonendangered, and invasive plant species in response to variation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability (N:P ratios 1.7, 15, and 135) and whether plastic trait responses are adaptive and/or costly for fitness (i.e., biomass). Species choice comprised 17 species from three functional groups (legumes, nonlegume forbs, and grasses), either classified as endangered, nonendangered, or invasive. After 2 months, plants were harvested and nine traits related to carbon assimilation and nutrient uptake were measured (leaf area, SLA, LDMC, SPAD, RMR, root length, SRL, root surface area, and PME activity). We found more traits responding plastically to variation in P than in N. Plasticity only created costs when P was varied. Plasticity in traits was mostly adaptively neutral toward fitness, with plasticity in three traits being similarly adaptive across all species groups: SPAD (as a measure of chlorophyll content, adaptive to N and P limitation), leaf area, and root surface area (adaptive to P limitation). We found little differences in trait plasticity between endangered, nonendangered, and invasive species. Synthesis. Along a gradient from N limitation, balanced N:P supply, and P limitation, we found that the type of fluctuating nutrient (i.e., if N or P is varied) is decisive for the adaptive value of a trait. Variation in P availability (from balanced supply to P limitation) created both a stronger reduction in fitness as well as created plasticity costs in more traits than variation in N availability (from balanced supply to N limitation). However, the patterns observed in our study may change if nutrient availability is altered, either by nutrient inputs or by a shift in nutrient availabilities, for example, by decreasing N input as foreseen by European Legislation, but without simultaneously decreasing P input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Minden
- Department of BiologyVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)BrusselBelgium
| | - Koen Verhoeven
- Terrestrial Ecology DepartmentNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
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Zhang P, Yin M, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang R, Yin H. Differential aboveground-belowground adaptive strategies to alleviate N addition-induced P deficiency in two alpine coniferous forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157906. [PMID: 35944647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has resulted in phosphorus (P) limitation in multiple terrestrial ecosystems, yet how plants coordinate aboveground and belowground strategies to adapt to such P deficiency remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a field N fertilization experiment in two alpine coniferous plantations (Picea asperata Mast. and Pinus armandii Franch.) with different soil N availability on the eastern Tibetan Plateau of China, to examine N addition effects on plant nutrient limiting status and plant adaptive strategies corresponding to aboveground P conservation and belowground P acquisition. The results showed that N addition aggravated P deficiency in both plantations, as indicated by decreased needle P concentrations and increased N:P ratios, and that plant strategies for addressing such P deficiency differed in the two plantations with different initial soil N availabilities. In the P. asperata plantation with relatively high N availability, significantly enhanced needle phosphatase activity and shifts in P fraction allocation (downregulation of the structural P fraction and increased allocation to the residual P fraction) co-occurred with increased rhizosphere effects on phosphatase activity under N addition, indicating a synergistic strategy of aboveground P conservation and belowground P mining to alleviate P deficiency. In the P. armandii plantation with relatively low N availability, however, N addition only enhanced phosphatase activity and increased allocation to residual P fraction in the aboveground but had little effect on belowground P acquisition-associated traits, suggesting a decoupling relationship between aboveground P conservation and belowground P acquisition. This study highlights the vital significance of initial soil nutrient availability in regulating the coordination of aboveground and belowground strategic alternatives, emphasizing the need to integrate soil nutrient conditions for a holistic understanding of forest adaptation to anthropogenic N enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingzhen Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Ministry of Education, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Vegetation Ecological Security in Tibet, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China
| | - Qitong Wang
- Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Ministry of Education, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Huajun Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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3
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Muster C, Leiva D, Morales C, Grafe M, Schloter M, Carú M, Orlando J. Peltigera frigida Lichens and Their Substrates Reduce the Influence of Forest Cover Change on Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:843490. [PMID: 35836424 PMCID: PMC9275751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.843490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most critical macronutrients in forest ecosystems. More than 70 years ago, some Chilean Patagonian temperate forests suffered wildfires and the subsequent afforestation with foreign tree species such as pines. Since soil P turnover is interlinked with the tree cover, this could influence soil P content and bioavailability. Next to soil microorganisms, which are key players in P transformation processes, a vital component of Patagonian temperate forest are lichens, which represent microbial hotspots for bacterial diversity. In the present study, we explored the impact of forest cover on the abundance of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from three microenvironments of the forest floor: Peltigera frigida lichen thallus, their underlying substrates, and the forest soil without lichen cover. We expected that the abundance of PSB in the forest soil would be strongly affected by the tree cover composition since the aboveground vegetation influences the edaphic properties; but, as P. frigida has a specific bacterial community, lichens would mitigate this impact. Our study includes five sites representing a gradient in tree cover types, from a mature forest dominated by the native species Nothofagus pumilio, to native second-growth forests with a gradual increase in the presence of Pinus contorta in the last sites. In each site, we measured edaphic parameters, P fractions, and the bacterial potential to solubilize phosphate by quantifying five specific marker genes by qPCR. The results show higher soluble P, labile mineral P, and organic matter in the soils of the sites with a higher abundance of P. contorta, while most of the molecular markers were less abundant in the soils of these sites. Contrarily, the abundance of the molecular markers in lichens and substrates was less affected by the tree cover type. Therefore, the bacterial potential to solubilize phosphate is more affected by the edaphic factors and tree cover type in soils than in substrates and thalli of P. frigida lichens. Altogether, these results indicate that the microenvironments of lichens and their substrates could act as an environmental buffer reducing the influence of forest cover composition on bacteria involved in P turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Muster
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Leiva
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Camila Morales
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Grafe
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margarita Carú
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julieta Orlando
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Julieta Orlando,
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Intra-specific variation in lichen secondary compounds across environmental gradients on Signy Island, maritime Antarctic. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLichens produce various carbon-based secondary compounds (CBSCs) in response to abiotic conditions and herbivory. Although lichen CBSCs have received considerable attention with regard to responses to UV-B exposure, very little is known about intra-specific variation across environmental gradients and their role in protection against herbivory in the Antarctic. Here we report on the variation in CBSCs of two widely distributed and common Antarctic lichens, Usnea antarctica and Umbilicaria antarctica, between sites with different solar exposure (NW–SE) and along natural nitrogen (N) gradients which are associated with changing lichen-invertebrate associations on Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic). Fumarprotocetraric and usnic acid concentrations in Usnea showed no relationships with solar exposure, lichen-N or associated invertebrate abundance. However, fumarprotocetraric acid concentration was 13 times higher at inland sites compared to coastal sites along the N-gradients. Gyrophoric acid concentration in Umbilicaria was 33% lower in sun-facing (northerly exposed) habitats compared to more shaded (south-facing) rocks and declined with elevation. Gyrophoric acid concentration was positively correlated with the abundance and species richness of associated microarthropods, similar to the patterns found with lichen N. This initial investigation indicates that there can be large intraspecific variation in lichen CBSC concentrations across relative short distances (< 500 m) on Signy Island and raises further questions regarding current understanding of the role of CBSCs in Antarctic lichens in relation to biotic and abiotic pressures.
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Liu R, Wang D. Soil C, N, P and K stoichiometry affected by vegetation restoration patterns in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau, Northwest China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241859. [PMID: 33151996 PMCID: PMC7644019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Grain-for-Green project is an important ecological restoration measure to address the degradation of alpine ecosystems in China, which has an important impact on the ecological stoichiometry of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). However, soil stoichiometry changes under different vegetation restoration patterns and at different soil depths remain poorly understood in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau. To clarify these soil stoichiometry changes, a 0–60 cm soil profile was sampled from two typical vegetation restoration patterns: grassland (GL) and forestland (FL), including Picea crassifolia (PC), Larix principis-rupprechtii (LR), Populus cathayana (PR) and Betula platyphylla (BP). The control was a wheat field (WF). In all soil layers, the soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil available nitrogen and potassium (AN and AK, respectively) and C:P, C:K, N:P and N:K ratios of FL were higher than those of GL and WF. The TN content and N:P and N:K ratios of GL were higher than those of WF in each soil layer. Additionally, the soil nutrients (except TK) of all vegetation types and stoichiometry of PR and GL (except the N:P ratio of GL) were greater at 0–20 cm than at 20–60 cm. Moreover, the SOC and TN showed the strongest correlation with the soil stoichiometry (except P:K ratio); thus, C and N had the greatest effect on the soil stoichiometry. Furthermore, soil fertility was limited by N. Our results indicated that different vegetation restoration patterns and soil depths had significant effects on the soil nutrients and stoichiometry in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau. The recovery of farmland to forestland promoted better improvements of soil nutrients, and PR had the most significant positive effect on soil surface nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosha Liu
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Stevens CJ, Bell JNB, Brimblecombe P, Clark CM, Dise NB, Fowler D, Lovett GM, Wolseley PA. The impact of air pollution on terrestrial managed and natural vegetation. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190317. [PMID: 32981433 PMCID: PMC9584617 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although awareness that air pollution can damage vegetation dates back at least to the 1600s, the processes and mechanisms of damage were not rigorously studied until the late twentieth century. In the UK following the Industrial Revolution, urban air quality became very poor, with highly phytotoxic SO2 and NO2 concentrations, and remained that way until the mid-twentieth century. Since then both air quality, and our understanding of pollutants and their impacts, have greatly improved. Air pollutants remain a threat to natural and managed ecosystems. Air pollution imparts impacts through four major threats to vegetation are discussed through in a series of case studies. Gas-phase effects by the primary emissions of SO2 and NO2 are discussed in the context of impacts on lichens in urban areas. The effects of wet and dry deposited acidity from sulfur and nitrogen compounds are considered with a particular focus on forest decline. Ecosystem eutrophication by nitrogen deposition focuses on heathland decline in the Netherlands, and ground-level ozone at phytotoxic concentrations is discussed by considering impacts on semi-natural vegetation. We find that, although air is getting cleaner, there is much room for additional improvement, especially for the effects of eutrophication on managed and natural ecosystems. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Air quality, past present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - J N B Bell
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - P Brimblecombe
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - C M Clark
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - N B Dise
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK
| | - D Fowler
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK
| | - G M Lovett
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
| | - P A Wolseley
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
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Provenance differences in functional traits and N: P stoichiometry of the leaves and roots of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings under N addition. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Sun Y, Goll DS, Ciais P, Peng S, Margalef O, Asensio D, Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Spatial Pattern and Environmental Drivers of Acid Phosphatase Activity in Europe. Front Big Data 2020; 2:51. [PMID: 33693374 PMCID: PMC7931918 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid phosphatase produced by plants and microbes plays a fundamental role in the recycling of soil phosphorus (P). A quantification of the spatial variation in potential acid phosphatase activity (AP) on large spatial scales and its drivers can help to reduce the uncertainty in our understanding of bio-availability of soil P. We applied two machine-learning methods (Random forests and back-propagation artificial networks) to simulate the spatial patterns of AP across Europe by scaling up 126 site observations of potential AP activity from field samples measured in the laboratory, using 12 environmental drivers as predictors. The back-propagation artificial network (BPN) method explained 58% of AP variability, more than the regression tree model (49%). In addition, BPN was able to identify the gradients in AP along three transects in Europe. Partial correlation analysis revealed that soil nutrients (total nitrogen, total P, and labile organic P) and climatic controls (annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, and temperature amplitude) were the dominant factors influencing AP variations in space. Higher AP occurred in regions with higher mean annual temperature, precipitation and higher soil total nitrogen. Soil TP and Po were non-monotonically correlated with modeled AP for Europe, indicating diffident strategies of P utilization by biomes in arid and humid area. This study helps to separate the influences of each factor on AP production and to reduce the uncertainty in estimating soil P availability. The BPN model trained with European data, however, could not produce a robust global map of AP due to the lack of representative measurements of AP for tropical regions. Filling this data gap will help us to understand the physiological basis of P-use strategies in natural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Daniel S. Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Olga Margalef
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Minden V, Olde Venterink H. Plant traits and species interactions along gradients of N, P and K availabilities. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Minden
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Landscape Ecology Group University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | - Harry Olde Venterink
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
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Wang F, Yan J, Ma X, Qiu D, Xie T, Cui B. Tidal regime influences the spatial variation in trait‐based responses of
Suaeda salsa
and edaphic conditions. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Jiaguo Yan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Xu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Dongdong Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China
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Wang CH, Munzi S, Wang M, Jia YZ, Tao W. Increasing nitrogen depositions can reduce lichen viability and limit winter food for an endangered Chinese monkey. Basic Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang CH, Wang M, Jia RZ, Guo H. Thalli Growth, Propagule Survival, and Integrated Physiological Response to Nitrogen Stress of Ramalina calicaris var. japonica in Shennongjia Mountain (China). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:568. [PMID: 29868046 PMCID: PMC5953340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effects of nitrogen (N) availability on growth, survival of Ramalina calicaris var. japonica, and whether it respond nitrogen stress in an integrated physiological way was evaluated. Thalli growth and propagule survival, thalli N and phosphorus (P) content, and activity of phosphomonoesterase (PME) of R. calicaris var. japonica were determined in a field experiment. Its differentiate adsorption in ammonia and nitrate, the activity of glutamine synthetase (GSA) and nitrate reductase (NRA) also were investigated in a series of indoor experiments. The results showed that N deposition significantly decreased the growth and survival of this lichen, and the N sensitivity threshold was suggested at 6.0 kg N⋅ha-1⋅y-1. When the N deposition increased from 8.59 kg N⋅ha-1⋅y-1 to 14.24, 20.49, 32.99 and 57.99 kg N⋅ha-1⋅y-1, the growth rates of lichen thalli decreased by 26.47, 39.01, 52.18 and 60.3%, respectively; Whereas the survival rate of the lichen propagules decreased from 92.8% of control (0.0 kg N⋅ha-1⋅y-1) to 10.7% of 50.0 kg N⋅ha-1⋅y-1, when they were treated with 0.00, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 kg N⋅ha-1⋅y-1 deposition. Compared with an adequate adsorption of ammonium N, no nitrate adsorption occurred when thalli was submerged in solution lower than 0.4 mM. Our results also suggested that thalli total nitrogen, N:P ratio increased with N availability, and the activity of PME was significantly correlated with thalli total nitrogen. These all indicated that phosphorus limitation occurred when R. calicaris var. japonica treated with higher nitrogen deposition. Compared with slightly effects of NRA, GSA of R. calicaris var. japonica responded nitrogen availability significantly; In addition, GSA and NRA negatively correlated with thalli growth rate and propagule survival significantly. These results indicated that nitrogen stress do decrease growth and survival of R. calicaris var. japonica, and lichen would be impacted by excess nitrogen in a integrated, not a fragmentary way, including nitrogen uptake, assimilation, even nutrient balance of nitrogen and phosphorous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hua Wang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center of Ecological Protection and Management in the Three Gorges Area, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center of Ecological Protection and Management in the Three Gorges Area, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Rao-Zhen Jia
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center of Ecological Protection and Management in the Three Gorges Area, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center of Ecological Protection and Management in the Three Gorges Area, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Izquieta-Rojano S, López-Aizpún M, Irigoyen JJ, Santamaría JM, Santamaría C, Lasheras E, Ochoa-Hueso R, Elustondo D. Eco-physiological response of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. to increased atmospheric ammonia concentrations in a forest agrosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:883-895. [PMID: 29734634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emissions are linked to eutrophication, plant toxicity and ecosystem shifts from N to P limitation. Bryophytes are key components of terrestrial ecosystems, yet highly sensitive to N deposition. Hence, physiological responses of mosses may be indicative of NH3-related impacts, and thus useful to foresee future ecosystem damages and establish atmospheric Critical Levels (CLEs). In this work, samples of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. were seasonally collected along a well-defined NH3 concentration gradient in an oak woodland during a one-year period. We performed a comprehensive evaluation of tissue chemistry, stoichiometry, metabolic enzymes, antioxidant response, membrane damages, photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein content and N and C isotopic fractionation. Our results showed that all the physiological parameters studied (except P, K, Ca and C) responded to the NH3 gradient in predictable ways, although the magnitude and significance of the response were dependent on the sampling season, especially for enzymatic activities and pigments content. Nutritional imbalances, membrane damages and disturbance of cellular C and N metabolism were found as a consequence to NH3 exposure, being more affected the mosses more exposed to the barn atmosphere. These findings suggested significant implications of intensive farming for the correct functioning of oak woodlands and highlighted the importance of seasonal dynamics in the study of key physiological processes related to photosynthesis, mosses nutrition and responses to oxidative stress. Finally, tissue N showed the greatest potential for the identification of NH3-related ecological end points (estimated CLE=3.5μgm-3), whereas highly scattered physiological responses, although highly sensitive, were not suitable to that end.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Izquieta-Rojano
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - M López-Aizpún
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - J J Irigoyen
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - J M Santamaría
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - C Santamaría
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Lasheras
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - R Ochoa-Hueso
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departmento de Ecología, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Elustondo
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Stevens CJ, David TI, Storkey J. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in terrestrial ecosystems: Its impact on plant communities and consequences across trophic levels. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas I. David
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster University Lancaster UK
- Sustainable Agriculture SciencesRothamsted Research Harpenden UK
| | - Jonathan Storkey
- Sustainable Agriculture SciencesRothamsted Research Harpenden UK
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15
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Munzi S, Sheppard LJ, Leith ID, Cruz C, Branquinho C, Bini L, Gagliardi A, Cai G, Parrotta L. The cost of surviving nitrogen excess: energy and protein demand in the lichen Cladonia portentosa as revealed by proteomic analysis. PLANTA 2017; 245:819-833. [PMID: 28054148 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Different nitrogen forms affect different metabolic pathways in lichens. In particular, the most relevant changes in protein expression were observed in the fungal partner, with NO 3- mostly affecting the energetic metabolism and NH 4+ affecting transport and regulation of proteins and the energetic metabolism much more than NO 3- did. Excess deposition of reactive nitrogen is a well-known agent of stress for lichens, but which symbiont is most affected and how, remains a mystery. Using proteomics can expand our understanding of stress effects on lichens. We investigated the effects of different doses and forms of reactive nitrogen, with and without supplementary phosphorus and potassium, on the proteome of the lichen Cladonia portentosa growing in a 'real-world' simulation of nitrogen deposition. Protein expression changed with the nitrogen treatments but mostly in the fungal partner, with NO3- mainly affecting the energetic metabolism and NH4+ also affecting the protein synthesis machinery. The photobiont mainly responded overexpressing proteins involved in energy production. This suggests that in response to nitrogen stress, the photobiont mainly supports the defensive mechanisms initiated by the mycobiont with an increased energy production. Such surplus energy is then used by the cell to maintain functionality in the presence of NO3-, while a futile cycle of protein production can be hypothesized to be induced by NH4+ excess. External supply of potassium and phosphorus influenced differently the responses of particular enzymes, likely reflecting the many processes in which potassium exerts a regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Munzi
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Lucy J Sheppard
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Ian D Leith
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Parrotta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Carter TS, Clark CM, Fenn ME, Jovan S, Perakis SS, Riddell J, Schaberg PG, Greaver TL, Hastings MG. Mechanisms of nitrogen deposition effects on temperate forest lichens and trees. Ecosphere 2017; 8:10.1002/ecs2.1717. [PMID: 34327038 PMCID: PMC8318115 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the mechanisms of deleterious nitrogen (N) deposition impacts on temperate forests, with a particular focus on trees and lichens. Elevated anthropogenic N deposition to forests has varied effects on individual organisms depending on characteristics both of the N inputs (form, timing, amount) and of the organisms (ecology, physiology) involved. Improved mechanistic knowledge of these effects can aid in developing robust predictions of how organisms respond to either increases or decreases in N deposition. Rising N levels affect forests in micro- and macroscopic ways from physiological responses at the cellular, tissue, and organism levels to influencing individual species and entire communities and ecosystems. A synthesis of these processes forms the basis for the overarching themes of this paper, which focuses on N effects at different levels of biological organization in temperate forests. For lichens, the mechanisms of direct effects of N are relatively well known at cellular, organismal, and community levels, though interactions of N with other stressors merit further research. For trees, effects of N deposition are better understood for N as an acidifying agent than as a nutrient; in both cases, the impacts can reflect direct effects on short time scales and indirect effects mediated through long-term soil and belowground changes. There are many gaps on fundamental N use and cycling in ecosystems, and we highlight the most critical gaps for understanding potential deleterious effects of N deposition. For lichens, these gaps include both how N affects specific metabolic pathways and how N is metabolized. For trees, these gaps include understanding the direct effects of N deposition onto forest canopies, the sensitivity of different tree species and mycorrhizal symbionts to N, the influence of soil properties, and the reversibility of N and acidification effects on plants and soils. Continued study of how these N response mechanisms interact with one another, and with other dimensions of global change, remains essential for predicting ongoing changes in lichen and tree populations across North American temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese S. Carter
- US Global Change Research Program, ICF Contractor, 1800 G Street NW, Suite 9100, Washington, D.C. 20006 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - Christopher M. Clark
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Global Change Research Group, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20460 USA
| | - Mark E. Fenn
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, California 92507 USA
| | - Sarah Jovan
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 620 SW Main Street, Portland, Oregon 97205 USA
| | - Steven S. Perakis
- US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Jennifer Riddell
- Sustainable Technology Program, Mendocino College, 1000 Hensley Creek Road, Ukiah, California 95482 USA
| | - Paul G. Schaberg
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 705 Spear Street S, Burlington, Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Tara L. Greaver
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 USA
| | - Meredith G. Hastings
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 USA
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17
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Guo P, Han T, Zhang L, Li S, Ma D, Du Y. Changes of soil bacterial activities and functions after different N additions in a temperate forest. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3853-3860. [PMID: 27900719 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that different nitrogen (N) addition led to various influences on soil microbial activities in forest ecosystems; however, the changes of bacteria were still unclear. In this work, inorganic N (NH4NO3) and organic N (urea and glycine) were fertilized with different ratios (5:0, 1:4, 3:2, 2:3, and 1:4) on temperate forest soils, while fungicide (cycloheximide) was simultaneously added on half of each treatment to inhibit fungal activities (leaving only bacteria). After a 3-year field experiment, soil samples were harvested, then microbial enzymatic activities involved in carbon (C), and N and phosphorus (P) cycles were determined. Under laboratory conditions, four purified bacteria which were isolated from sample site had been inoculated in sterilized soils under different N types and enzymatic activities were assayed after 90-day incubation. The results showed that cellulase and polyphenol oxidase activities of non-fungicide-added treatments increased after N addition and greater organic N accelerated the increases. However, these enzymatic activities of fungicide-added treatments were not significantly influenced by N addition and N types. It may be due to the insufficient ability of bacteria to synthesize enough enzymes to decompose complex organic C (such as cellulose and lignin) into available compound, although N-limitation was alleviated. Alkaline phosphatase activities increased after N addition in both non-fungicide-added and fungicide-added treatments, and the acceleration on bacterial alkaline phosphatase activities was even greater. Furthermore, organic N showed at least 2.5 times promotion on bacteria alkaline phosphatase than those of inorganic N, which indicated greater alleviation of bacterial P-limitation after the addition of organic N. All the results indicated that soil bacteria may be seriously limited by soil available C but become the dominant decomposer of the complex P compounds after N addition, particularly greater organic N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
| | - Tiwen Han
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Shushan Li
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Dongzhu Ma
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Yuhan Du
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
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18
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Deng M, Liu L, Sun Z, Piao S, Ma Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Qiao C, Wang X, Li P. Increased phosphate uptake but not resorption alleviates phosphorus deficiency induced by nitrogen deposition in temperate Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:1019-1029. [PMID: 27400237 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition may shift temperate ecosystems from N- to P-limitation. However, it is unclear how the imbalanced N : P input affects the strategies of plants to acquire P and, therefore, the growth of plants and the competition among species. We conducted a 4-yr N-addition experiment in young and mature larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) stands. Plant growth and P acquisition strategies were assessed for larch and understorey vegetation. N addition stimulated the aboveground productivity of understorey vegetation in the young stand and larch in the mature stand, with other species unaffected. The competitive advantages of understorey vegetation in the young stand and larch in the mature stand were associated with their high stoichiometric homoeostasis. To maintain the N : P homoeostasis of these species, an increase in phosphatase activity but not P resorption efficiency increased the supply of P. Additionally, N addition accelerated P mineralization by decreasing the fungal-to-bacterial ratios and improved uptake of soil P by increasing the arbuscular mycorrhizas-to-ectomycorrhizas ratios. Our results suggest that plants with high stoichiometric homoeostasis could better cope with N deposition-induced P-deficiency. Although P resorption efficiency showed little plasticity in response, plants activated a variety of P-acquisition pathways to alleviate the P-deficiency caused by N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhenzhong Sun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuecun Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunlian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
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19
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Higgins NF, Crittenden PD. Phytase activity in lichens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:544-54. [PMID: 25963718 PMCID: PMC5029771 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytase activity was investigated in 13 lichen species using a novel assay method. The work tested the hypothesis that phytase is a component of the suite of surface-bound lichen enzymes that hydrolyse simple organic forms of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) deposited onto the thallus surface. Hydrolysis of inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6 , the substrate for phytase) and appearance of lower-order inositol phosphates (InsP5 -InsP1 ), the hydrolysis products, were measured by ion chromatography. Phytase activity in Evernia prunastri was compared among locations with contrasting rates of N deposition. Phytase activity was readily measurable in epiphytic lichens (e.g. 11.3 μmol InsP6 hydrolysed g(-1) h(-1) in Bryoria fuscescens) but low in two terricolous species tested (Cladonia portentosa and Peltigera membranacea). Phytase and phosphomonoesterase activities were positively correlated amongst species. In E. prunastri both enzyme activities were promoted by N enrichment and phytase activity was readily released into thallus washings. InsP6 was not detected in tree canopy throughfall but was present in pollen leachate. Capacity to hydrolyse InsP6 appears widespread amongst lichens potentially promoting P capture from atmospheric deposits and plant leachates, and P cycling in forest canopies. The enzyme assay used here might find wider application in studies on plant root-fungal-soil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall F. Higgins
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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20
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Marks JA, Pett-Ridge JC, Perakis SS, Allen JL, McCune B. Response of the nitrogen-fixing lichenLobaria pulmonariato phosphorus, molybdenum, and vanadium. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-00140.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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21
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Li S, Du Y, Guo P, Guo L, Qu K, He J. Effects of different types of N deposition on the fungal decomposition activities of temperate forest soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 497-498:91-96. [PMID: 25127443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects soil microbial activities and litter decomposition processes in forest ecosystems. However, the changes in soil fungi during litter decomposition remain unclear. In this study, ammonium nitrate was selected as inorganic N (IN), whereas urea and glycine were selected as organic N (ON). N fertilizer with different IN-to-ON ratios (1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, and 5:0) was mixed in equal amounts and then added to temperate forest soils. Half of each treatment was simultaneously added with streptomycin to inhibit soil bacteria. The activities of enzymes involved in litter decomposition (invertase, β-glucosidase, cellulase, polyphenol oxidase, and phosphatase) were assayed after a three-year field experiment. The results showed that enzymatic activities were inhibited by IN addition but accelerated by ON addition in the non-antibiotic addition treatments. An increase in ON in the mixed N fertilizer also shifted enzymatic activities from N inhibition to N stimulation. Similarly, in the antibiotic addition treatments, fungal activities revealed the same trends, but they were seriously inhibited by IN and significantly accelerated by ON. These results indicated that soil fungi were more sensitive to N deposition, particularly to ON. A large amount of ON may convert soil microbial communities into a fungi-dominated system. However, excessive ON deposition (20% IN+80% ON) caused N saturation and repressed fungal activities. These results suggested that soil fungi were sensitive to N type and that different IN-to-ON ratios may induce diverse ecological effects on soil fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Li
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Yuhan Du
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.
| | - Lida Guo
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Kaiyue Qu
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jianping He
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
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22
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Asplund J, Wardle DA. Within-species variability is the main driver of community-level responses of traits of epiphytes across a long-term chronosequence. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Asplund
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-901 83 Umeå Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; NO-1432 Aas Norway
| | - David A. Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-901 83 Umeå Sweden
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23
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Southon GE, Field C, Caporn SJM, Britton AJ, Power SA. Nitrogen deposition reduces plant diversity and alters ecosystem functioning: field-scale evidence from a nationwide survey of UK heathlands. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59031. [PMID: 23637736 PMCID: PMC3639280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings from nitrogen (N) manipulation studies have provided strong evidence of the detrimental impacts of elevated N deposition on the structure and functioning of heathland ecosystems. Few studies, however, have sought to establish whether experimentally observed responses are also apparent under natural, field conditions. This paper presents the findings of a nationwide field-scale evaluation of British heathlands, across broad geographical, climatic and pollution gradients. Fifty two heathlands were selected across an N deposition gradient of 5.9 to 32.4 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). The diversity and abundance of higher and lower plants and a suite of biogeochemical measures were evaluated in relation to climate and N deposition indices. Plant species richness declined with increasing temperature and N deposition, and the abundance of nitrophilous species increased with increasing N. Relationships were broadly similar between upland and lowland sites, with the biggest reductions in species number associated with increasing N inputs at the low end of the deposition range. Both oxidised and reduced forms of N were associated with species declines, although reduced N appears to be a stronger driver of species loss at the functional group level. Plant and soil biochemical indices were related to temperature, rainfall and N deposition. Litter C:N ratios and enzyme (phenol-oxidase and phosphomonoesterase) activities had the strongest relationships with site N inputs and appear to represent reliable field indicators of N deposition. This study provides strong, field-scale evidence of links between N deposition--in both oxidised and reduced forms--and widespread changes in the composition, diversity and functioning of British heathlands. The similarity of relationships between upland and lowland environments, across broad spatial and climatic gradients, highlights the ubiquity of relationships with N, and suggests that N deposition is contributing to biodiversity loss and changes in ecosystem functioning across European heathlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E. Southon
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Field
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. M. Caporn
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sally A. Power
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Freitag S, Feldmann J, Raab A, Crittenden PD, Hogan EJ, Squier AH, Boyd KG, Thain S. Metabolite profile shifts in the heathland lichen Cladonia portentosa in response to N deposition reveal novel biomarkers. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 146:160-172. [PMID: 22324764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The heathland lichen Cladonia portentosa was collected from sites in mainland Britain differing either in rates of wet N deposition or in annual mean N concentration in rainfall based on a modelled data set. Methanolic extracts of thalli were analyzed by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry to yield metabolic profiles. Differences between sites in metabolite concentration were quantified using multivariate statistical tools and used to identify potential biomarker molecules. The abundances of three structurally related betaine lipids showed an increase with increasing modelled N deposition to a threshold of 22.3 kg ha(-1) year(-1) after which they remained constant. In contrast, the abundance of a phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid showed concomitant decrease. Correlations of the identified biomarkers with N deposition and precipitation were stronger than those with N concentrations. The results presented in this study clearly show that N enrichment associated with tissue P limitation changes lipid composition, leading to shifts from PCs to betaine lipids, and that these lipids identified have the potential to be used as biomarkers for nitrogen enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Freitag
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, KW14 7JD, Scotland, UK
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25
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Comparative ecophysiology of three Placopsis species, pioneer lichens in recently exposed Chilean glacial forelands. Symbiosis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-012-0159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Stevens CJ, Duprè C, Dorland E, Gaudnik C, Gowing DJG, Bleeker A, Diekmann M, Alard D, Bobbink R, Fowler D, Corcket E, Mountford JO, Vandvik V, Aarrestad PA, Muller S, Dise NB. The impact of nitrogen deposition on acid grasslands in the Atlantic region of Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:2243-2250. [PMID: 21163563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A survey of 153 acid grasslands from the Atlantic biogeographic region of Europe indicates that chronic nitrogen deposition is changing plant species composition and soil and plant-tissue chemistry. Across the deposition gradient (2-44 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) grass richness as a proportion of total species richness increased whereas forb richness decreased. Soil C:N ratio increased, but soil extractable nitrate and ammonium concentrations did not show any relationship with nitrogen deposition. The above-ground tissue nitrogen contents of three plant species were examined: Agrostis capillaris (grass), Galium saxatile (forb) and Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (bryophyte). The tissue nitrogen content of neither vascular plant species showed any relationship with nitrogen deposition, but there was a weak positive relationship between R. squarrosus nitrogen content and nitrogen deposition. None of the species showed strong relationships between above-ground tissue N:P or C:N and nitrogen deposition, indicating that they are not good indicators of deposition rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Stevens
- Department of Life Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
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27
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Freitag S, Hogan EJ, Crittenden PD, Allison GG, Thain SC. Alterations in the metabolic fingerprint of Cladonia portentosa in response to atmospheric nitrogen deposition. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 143:107-114. [PMID: 21569037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen availability has profound ecological consequences in nutrient-limited systems. In terrestrial settings these would include the upland heaths, sand dunes and blanket bogs of temperate latitudes. Understanding the physiological consequences of nitrogen enrichment is a first critical step in predicting possible consequences. Results are presented from a metabolic fingerprinting study using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to detect biochemical differences in the lichen Cladonia portentosa collected from 25 sites across mainland Britain varying in their nitrogen input. Partial least-squares regression analysis of the FTIR data demonstrated that changes in broad biochemical classes were consistently correlated with mean annual wet inorganic nitrogen deposition loads. These results demonstrated a direct coupling of a broad range of metabolic processes in C. portentosa to nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Freitag
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands Thurso 14 7JD, UK
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Johansson O, Olofsson J, Giesler R, Palmqvist K. Lichen responses to nitrogen and phosphorus additions can be explained by the different symbiont responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:795-805. [PMID: 21534972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
• Responses to simulated nitrogen (N) deposition with or without added phosphorus (P) were investigated for three contrasting lichen species - the N-sensitive Alectoria sarmentosa, the more N-tolerant Platismatia glauca and the N(2) -fixing Lobaria pulmonaria- in a field experiment. • To examine whether nutrient limitation differed between the photobiont and the mycobiont within the lichen, the biomass responses of the respective bionts were estimated. • The lichenized algal cells were generally N-limited, because N-stimulated algal growth in all three species. The mycobiont was P-limited in one species (A. sarmentosa), but the growth response of the mycobionts was complex, as fungal growth is also dependent on a reliable carbon export from the photobiont, which may have been the reason for the decrease of the mycobiont with N addition in P. glauca. • Our findings showed that P availability was an important factor when studying effects of N deposition, as P supply can both mitigate and intensify the negative effects of N on epiphytic lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Johansson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Reiner Giesler
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-981 07 Abisko, Sweden
| | - Kristin Palmqvist
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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29
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Stevens CJ, Manning P, van den Berg LJL, de Graaf MCC, Wamelink GWW, Boxman AW, Bleeker A, Vergeer P, Arroniz-Crespo M, Limpens J, Lamers LPM, Bobbink R, Dorland E. Ecosystem responses to reduced and oxidised nitrogen inputs in European terrestrial habitats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:665-76. [PMID: 21215502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While it is well established that ecosystems display strong responses to elevated nitrogen deposition, the importance of the ratio between the dominant forms of deposited nitrogen (NH(x) and NO(y)) in determining ecosystem response is poorly understood. As large changes in the ratio of oxidised and reduced nitrogen inputs are occurring, this oversight requires attention. One reason for this knowledge gap is that plants experience a different NH(x):NO(y) ratio in soil to that seen in atmospheric deposits because atmospheric inputs are modified by soil transformations, mediated by soil pH. Consequently species of neutral and alkaline habitats are less likely to encounter high NH(4)(+) concentrations than species from acid soils. We suggest that the response of vascular plant species to changing ratios of NH(x):NO(y) deposits will be driven primarily by a combination of soil pH and nitrification rates. Testing this hypothesis requires a combination of experimental and survey work in a range of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Stevens
- Department of Life Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
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30
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Ochoa-Hueso R, Manrique E. Effects of nitrogen deposition and soil fertility on cover and physiology of Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd., a lichen of biological soil crusts from Mediterranean Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:449-457. [PMID: 21071125 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We are fertilizing a thicket with 0, 10, 20 and 50 kg nitrogen (N) ha(-1) yr(-1) in central Spain. Here we report changes in cover, pigments, pigment ratios and FvFm of the N-tolerant, terricolous, lichen Cladonia foliacea after 1-2 y adding N in order to study its potential as biomarker of atmospheric pollution. Cover tended to increase. Pigments increased with fertilization independently of the dose supplied but only significantly with soil nitrate as covariate. β-carotene/chlorophylls increased with 20-50 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) (over the background) and neoxanthin/chlorophylls also increased with N. (Neoxanthin+lutein)/carotene decreased with N when nitrate and pH seasonalities were used as covariates. Between 26 and 56 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1).Pinho et al. (2012) suggested that the critical Nload for Mediterranean epiphytic lichens (based on responses of functional groups) was lower than 26 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) [corrected]. Water-stress, iron and copper also explained variables of lichen physiology. We conclude that this tolerant lichen could be used as biomarker and that responses to N are complex in heterogeneous Mediterranean-type landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Johansson O, Nordin A, Olofsson J, Palmqvist K. Responses of epiphytic lichens to an experimental whole-tree nitrogen-deposition gradient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 188:1075-1084. [PMID: 20731782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, we examined the responses of the epiphytic lichens Alectoria sarmentosa and Platismatia glauca to increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in an old-growth boreal spruce forest, to assess the sensitivity of these species to N and define their critical N load. Nitrogen deposition was simulated by irrigating 15 trees over a 3 yr period with water and isotopically labeled NH(4)NO(3), providing N loads ranging from ambient to 50 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) . Thallus N concentration increased in both species with increasing N load, and uptake rates of both NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) were similar. Photobiont concentration increased linearly with increased N in both species, saturating in A. sarmentosa in the third year at the highest N loads (25 and 50 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). The simulated N deposition decreased the phosphorus (P) concentration in A. sarmentosa, and increased the N:P ratio in both species. Significant responses in lichen chemistry were detected to inputs of 12.5 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) or higher, suggesting that resources other than N limit lichens at higher N loads. However, the data also suggest that N saturation may be cumulative over time, even at low N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Johansson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science (EMG), Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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32
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Hogan EJ, Minnullina G, Sheppard LJ, Leith ID, Crittenden PD. Response of phosphomonoesterase activity in the lichen Cladonia portentosa to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment in a field manipulation experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 186:926-933. [PMID: 20345638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
*Effects of nitrogen (N) enrichment on the heathland lichen Cladonia portentosa were quantified to test the hypothesis that modified N : phosphorus (P) relationships observed in this species in N-polluted natural environments are a direct effect of increased N deposition, and to evaluate potential confounding effects of N form and P availability. *Cladonia portentosa was harvested from experimental plots in lichen-rich peatland vegetation (background total N deposition of 8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) treated for 4 yr with additional wet N deposition at 0, 8, 24 and 56 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as either NH(4)(+) or NO(3)(-), and with or without P added at either 0.6 or 4 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1). *Nitrogen enrichment increased thallus N concentration, N : P mass ratio and phosphomonoesterase (PME) activity by factors of up to 1.3, 1.4 and 1.7, respectively, effects being independent of N form. Phosphomonoesterase activity was tightly related to thallus N : P ratio with additions of P at 4 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) depressing PME activity by a factor of 0.4. *Nitrogen enrichment induces P-limitation in C. portentosa with attendant changes in chemical and physiological characteristics that could be used as sensitive biomarkers with which to detect low levels of N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Hogan
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - G Minnullina
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - L J Sheppard
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - I D Leith
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - P D Crittenden
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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