1
|
Tedersoo L, Drenkhan R, Abarenkov K, Anslan S, Bahram M, Bitenieks K, Buegger F, Gohar D, Hagh‐Doust N, Klavina D, Makovskis K, Zusevica A, Pritsch K, Padari A, Põlme S, Rahimlou S, Rungis D, Mikryukov V. The influence of tree genus, phylogeny, and richness on the specificity, rarity, and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13253. [PMID: 38575147 PMCID: PMC10994715 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Partner specificity is a well-documented phenomenon in biotic interactions, yet the factors that determine specificity in plant-fungal associations remain largely unknown. By utilizing composite soil samples, we identified the predictors that drive partner specificity in both plants and fungi, with a particular focus on ectomycorrhizal associations. Fungal guilds exhibited significant differences in overall partner preference and avoidance, richness, and specificity to specific tree genera. The highest level of specificity was observed in root endophytic and ectomycorrhizal associations, while the lowest was found in arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. The majority of ectomycorrhizal fungal species showed a preference for one of their partner trees, primarily at the plant genus level. Specialist ectomycorrhizal fungi were dominant in belowground communities in terms of species richness and relative abundance. Moreover, all tree genera (and occasionally species) demonstrated a preference for certain fungal groups. Partner specificity was not related to the rarity of fungi or plants or environmental conditions, except for soil pH. Depending on the partner tree genus, specific fungi became more prevalent and relatively more abundant with increasing stand age, tree dominance, and soil pH conditions optimal for the partner tree genus. The richness of partner tree species and increased evenness of ectomycorrhizal fungi in multi-host communities enhanced the species richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, it was primarily the partner-generalist fungi that contributed to the high diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in mixed forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Kriss Bitenieks
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava)SalaspilsLatvia
| | - Franz Buegger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit Environmental SimulationNeuherbergGermany
| | - Daniyal Gohar
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Niloufar Hagh‐Doust
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Darta Klavina
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava)SalaspilsLatvia
| | - Kristaps Makovskis
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava)SalaspilsLatvia
| | - Austra Zusevica
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava)SalaspilsLatvia
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit Environmental SimulationNeuherbergGermany
| | - Allar Padari
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Sergei Põlme
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Dainis Rungis
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava)SalaspilsLatvia
| | - Vladimir Mikryukov
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sugiyama Y, Sato H. The Limited Establishment of Native Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Exotic Eucalyptus spp. Stands in Japan. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:597442. [PMID: 33815304 PMCID: PMC8012522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.597442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host specificity may potentially limit the distribution expansion of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi into areas where their original host plants are absent. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether populations of native ECM fungi may establish in stands of exotic host trees, namely those of the Eucalyptus species, in Japan. ECM fungal communities associated with eucalyptus and surrounding native host species (Pinus thunbergii and Fagaceae spp.) were investigated at two sites; one site in which eucalyptus and native trees were growing in isolation, and a second site in which these species were mixed. To identify fungal taxa, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region 1 was sequenced for the ECM fungi from the root tips and clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). To confirm whether the retrieved OTUs were native to Japan, they were queried against the entire database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, UNITE, and GlobalFungi, whereby sampling locations and associated hosts were obtained from sequences with ≥97% similarity. Eucalyptus trees were associated with seven and 12 ECM fungal OTUs, including putatively exotic OTUs in isolated and mixed sites, respectively. Among the 36 and 63 native ECM fungal OTUs detected from native hosts at isolated and mixed sites, only one OTU was shared with eucalyptus at the respective sites. This means that most native ECM fungi in Japan may be incapable of forming an association with exotic Eucalyptus spp. Notably, even ECM fungi associated with both Pinus and Quercus were not detected from eucalyptus, suggesting that host-fungus incompatibility is determined not only by host phylogenetic relatedness but also by host biogeographic affinities. Our findings show that the incompatibility with eucalyptus as well as dispersal limitation may prevent the distribution expansion of native ECM fungi in Japan into the distribution ranges of Eucalyptus spp., where the original hosts are absent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Otsing E, Anslan S, Ambrosio E, Koricheva J, Tedersoo L. Tree Species Richness and Neighborhood Effects on Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Richness and Community Structure in Boreal Forest. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:567961. [PMID: 33692762 PMCID: PMC7939122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.567961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree species identity is one of the key factors driving ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal richness and community composition in boreal and temperate forest ecosystems, but little is known about the influence of tree species combinations and their neighborhood effects on EcM communities. To advance our understanding of host plant effects on EcM fungi, the roots of silver birch, Scots pine, and Norway spruce were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing across mature boreal forest exploratory plots of monocultures and two- and three-species mixtures in Finland. Our analyses revealed that tree species identity was an important determinant of EcM fungal community composition, but tree species richness had no significant influence on EcM fungal richness and community composition. We found that EcM fungal community composition associated with spruce depends on neighboring tree species. Our study suggests that at a regional-scale tree species identity is the primary factor determining community composition of root-associated EcM fungi alongside with tree species composition effects on EcM fungal community of spruce in mixed stands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveli Otsing
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elia Ambrosio
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vlk L, Tedersoo L, Antl T, Větrovský T, Abarenkov K, Pergl J, Albrechtová J, Vosátka M, Baldrian P, Pyšek P, Kohout P. Alien ectomycorrhizal plants differ in their ability to interact with co-introduced and native ectomycorrhizal fungi in novel sites. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2336-2346. [PMID: 32499492 PMCID: PMC7608243 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alien plants represent a potential threat to environment and society. Understanding the process of alien plants naturalization is therefore of primary importance. In alien plants, successful establishment can be constrained by the absence of suitable fungal partners. Here, we used 42 independent datasets of ectomycorrhizal fungal (EcMF) communities associated with alien Pinaceae and Eucalyptus spp., as the most commonly introduced tree species worldwide, to explore the strategies these plant groups utilize to establish symbioses with EcMF in the areas of introduction. We have also determined the differences in composition of EcMF communities associated with alien ectomycorrhizal plants in different regions. While alien Pinaceae introduced to new regions rely upon association with co-introduced EcMF, alien Eucalyptus often form novel interactions with EcMF species native to the region where the plant was introduced. The region of origin primarily determines species composition of EcMF communities associated with alien Pinaceae in new areas, which may largely affect invasion potential of the alien plants. Our study shows that alien ectomycorrhizal plants largely differ in their ability to interact with co-introduced and native ectomycorrhizal fungi in sites of introduction, which may potentially affect their invasive potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Vlk
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tomáš Antl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kessy Abarenkov
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Albrechtová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Microbial Communities in the Fynbos Region of South Africa: What Happens during Woody Alien Plant Invasions. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12060254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is globally known for its plant biodiversity, and its flora is commonly referred to as fynbos. At the same time, this area is under severe pressure from urbanization, agricultural expansion and the threat of invasive alien plants. Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pinus are the common invasive alien plants found across the biome and considerable time, effort and resources are put into the removal of invasive alien plants and the rehabilitation of native vegetation. Several studies have shown that invasion not only affects the composition of plant species, but also has a profound effect on the soil chemistry and microbial populations. Over the last few years, a number of studies have shown that the microbial populations of the CFR are unique to the area, and harbour many endemic species. The extent of the role they play in the invasion process is, however, still unclear. This review aims to provide an insight into the current knowledge on the different microbial populations from this system, and speculate what their role might be during invasion. More importantly, it places a spotlight on the lack of information about this process.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vargas N, Gonçalves SC, Franco-Molano AE, Restrepo S, Pringle A. In Colombia the Eurasian fungus Amanita muscaria is expanding its range into native, tropical Quercus humboldtii forests. Mycologia 2019; 111:758-771. [PMID: 31408397 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1636608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To meet a global demand for timber, tree plantations were established in South America during the first half of the 20th century. Extensive plantings of non-native species now are found in Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. In Colombia, miscellaneous plantations were established in the 1950s, during a period of intensive local logging, when policies to limit deforestation in native Quercus humboldtii forests were established. One unforeseen consequence of planting non-native trees was the simultaneous introduction and subsequent persistence of ectomycorrhizal fungi. We sought to document the origins and spread of the introduced Amanita muscaria found in Colombian plantations of the Mexican species Pinus patula, North American species P. taeda, and Australian species Acacia melanoxylon and Eucalyptus globulus. In Colombia, Amanita muscaria is establishing a novel association with native Q. humboldtii and has spread to local Q. humboldtii forests. According to a Bayesian phylogeny and haplotype analysis based on the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8-ITS2 (ITS barcode), A. muscaria individuals found in four exotic plant species, and those colonizing Q. humboldtii roots, have a Eurasian origin and belong to two Eurasian haplotypes. This is the first time the spread of an introduced mutualist fungus into native Colombian Q. humboldtii forests is reported. To arrest its spread, we suggest the use of local inocula made up of native fungi, instead of inocula of introduced fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vargas
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Universidad de Los Andes , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Susana C Gonçalves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra , 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Silvia Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Universidad de Los Andes , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Anne Pringle
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Context dependency, co-introductions, novel mutualisms, and host shifts shaped the ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of the alien tree Eucalyptus globulus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7121. [PMID: 31073194 PMCID: PMC6509251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity and relevance of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal partners of Eucalyptus globulus was investigated in NW Spain, to detect which symbionts mainly support its invasiveness. Root tips of E. globulus and of three common native plant species (Quercus robur, Pinus pinaster and Halimium lasianthum) were collected in eucalypt plantations, Q. robur forests, P. pinaster plantations and shrublands. Fungal taxonomical identity was ascertained by use of rDNA and direct sequencing. We studied diversity, composition and colonization rate of the ECM fungal communities of E. globulus to determine if fungal assemblages are host specific (i.e. similar in different habitats) or more dependent on the neighbourhood context. We also identified the type of associations formed (i.e. co-introductions, familiar or novel associations). Twenty-six ECM taxa were associated with E. globulus. Most of them engaged in novel associations with eucalypts, whereas only three fungal species were co-introduced Australian aliens. Eucalypt fungal richness, diversity and colonization rate differed between habitats, being higher in native oak forests, whereas in shrublands E. globulus showed the lowest colonization rate and diversity. The Australian fungus Descolea maculata dominated the eucalypt fungal assemblage and also spread to the native host plants, in all the habitats, posing the risk of further co-invasion.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang XH, Halling RE, Hofstetter V, Lebel T, Buyck B. Phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomic re-assessment of Multifurca (Russulaceae, Russulales) using three-locus data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205840. [PMID: 30403698 PMCID: PMC6221288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifurca is a small genus newly established to accommodate lactarioid and russuloid species with some characters reminiscent of corticoid members of Russulaceae. It shows an amphi-pacific distribution with strong preference for the tropical zone of the Northern Hemisphere and thus has particular significance for biogeographical study. Using worldwide samples and three loci (ITS, 28S rDNA and rpb2), we demonstrated that Multifurca is split into two highly supported major clades that are here recognized at the subgeneric level: subg. Furcata subg. nov. exclusively includes lactarioid species, while subg. Multifurca includes species with a russuloid habit. Using phylogenetic species recognition and comparison of genetic distances we recognize five new and six previously described species, almost double the known number of species before this study. Molecular dating using a Bayesian method suggested that Multifurca originated in early Paleocene and diversified in the Eocene. The most recent interspecific divergences occurred both in Asia and America, roughly at the same time around the Pliocene. Ancestral area reconstruction and comparisons of genetic distances and morphology suggested an early divergence within Australasia or tropical Asia. From the early Miocene to Pliocene, multiple dispersals/migrations to Australasia and North America by island hopping or land bridge likely happened. Vicariance at the late Tertiary might be the most likely mechanism accounting for the eastern Asia-southeastern North America and Australasia-tropical Asia disjunct distributions. The shared polymorphisms in the ITS alignment, numerous degenerated base pairs in the rpb2 sequences and weak conflict between the ITS and LSU genealogies of M. subg. Furcata suggest recent speciation. Host specificity of Multifurca species or species pairs is relatively low. Host shifts are believed to have aided establishment in new territories during the dispersals and migrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Roy E. Halling
- New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Systematic Botany, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Valérie Hofstetter
- Agroscope, Plant Protection, Mycology and Biotechnology Lab, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Lebel
- National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bart Buyck
- Institut de Systématique, Ecologie, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national D’histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A pantropically introduced tree is followed by specific ectomycorrhizal symbionts due to pseudo-vertical transmission. ISME JOURNAL 2018. [PMID: 29535364 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Global trade increases plant introductions, but joint introduction of associated microbes is overlooked. We analyzed the ectomycorrhizal fungi of a Caribbean beach tree, seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera, Polygonacaeae), introduced pantropically to stabilize coastal soils and produce edible fruits. Seagrape displays a limited symbiont diversity in the Caribbean. In five regions of introduction (Brazil, Japan, Malaysia, Réunion and Senegal), molecular barcoding showed that seagrape mostly or exclusively associates with Scleroderma species (Basidiomycota) that were hitherto only known from Caribbean seagrape stands. An unknown Scleroderma species dominates in Brazil, Japan and Malaysia, while Scleroderma bermudense exclusively occurs in Réunion and Senegal. Population genetics analysis of S. bermudense did not detect any demographic bottleneck associated with a possible founder effect, but fungal populations from regions where seagrape is introduced are little differentiated from the Caribbean ones, separated by thousands of kilometers, consistently with relatively recent introduction. Moreover, dry seagrape fruits carry Scleroderma spores, probably because, when drying on beach sand, they aggregate spores from the spore bank accumulated by semi-hypogeous Scleroderma sporocarps. Aggregated spores inoculate seedlings, and their abundance may limit the founder effect after seagrape introduction. This rare pseudo-vertical transmission of mycorrhizal fungi likely contributed to efficient and repeated seagrape/Scleroderma co-introductions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tedersoo L. Global Biogeography and Invasions of Ectomycorrhizal Plants: Past, Present and Future. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
|
11
|
Michaëlla Ebenye HC, Taudière A, Niang N, Ndiaye C, Sauve M, Awana NO, Verbeken M, De Kesel A, Séne S, Diédhiou AG, Sarda V, Sadio O, Cissoko M, Ndoye I, Selosse MA, Bâ AM. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are shared between seedlings and adults in a monodominantGilbertiodendron dewevreirain forest in Cameroon. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helvyne C. Michaëlla Ebenye
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie; IRD/UCAD/ISRA; BP 1386 Dakar Sénégal
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS MNHN, UPMC, EPHE); Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; 57 rue Cuvier, CP50 75005 Paris France
- UMR 5175; CEFE - CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; Montpellier France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation; University of Gdansk; Wita Stwosza 59 80-308 Gdansk Poland
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes; UMR113- INRA/AGRO-M/CIRAD/IRD/UM2-TA10/J; Campus International de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 France. Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales; Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles; Université des Antilles; BP 592 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre Guadeloupe France
| | - Adrien Taudière
- UMR 5175; CEFE - CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; Montpellier France
| | - Nogaye Niang
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie; IRD/UCAD/ISRA; BP 1386 Dakar Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Ndiaye
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie; IRD/UCAD/ISRA; BP 1386 Dakar Sénégal
| | - Mathieu Sauve
- UMR 5175; CEFE - CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; Montpellier France
| | - Nérée Onguene Awana
- Soil, Water and Atmosphere Department; Institute of Agriculture Research for Development; BP. 2123 Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Mieke Verbeken
- Department of Biology; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - André De Kesel
- Botanic Garden Meise; Nieuwelaan 38 BE-1860 Meise Belgium
| | - Seynabou Séne
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie; IRD/UCAD/ISRA; BP 1386 Dakar Sénégal
| | - Abdala G. Diédhiou
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie; IRD/UCAD/ISRA; BP 1386 Dakar Sénégal
| | - Violette Sarda
- UMR 5175; CEFE - CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; Montpellier France
| | - Omar Sadio
- IRD; UMR 195 LEMAR (UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer); BP 1386, CP 18524 Dakar Sénégal
| | - Maïmouna Cissoko
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie; IRD/UCAD/ISRA; BP 1386 Dakar Sénégal
| | - Ibrahima Ndoye
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie; IRD/UCAD/ISRA; BP 1386 Dakar Sénégal
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS MNHN, UPMC, EPHE); Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; 57 rue Cuvier, CP50 75005 Paris France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation; University of Gdansk; Wita Stwosza 59 80-308 Gdansk Poland
| | - Amadou M. Bâ
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes; UMR113- INRA/AGRO-M/CIRAD/IRD/UM2-TA10/J; Campus International de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales; Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles; Université des Antilles; BP 592 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre Guadeloupe France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moeller HV, Dickie IA, Peltzer DA, Fukami T. Mycorrhizal co-invasion and novel interactions depend on neighborhood context. Ecology 2015; 96:2336-47. [DOI: 10.1890/14-2361.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Paz CP, Gallon M, Putzke J, Ganade G. Changes in Macrofungal Communities Following Forest Conversion into Tree Plantations in Southern Brazil. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P. Paz
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS; C.P. 275 CEP: 93001-970 São Leopoldo RS Brazil
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences; James Cook University; PO Box 6811 4870 Cairns Qld Australia
| | - Mônica Gallon
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS; C.P. 275 CEP: 93001-970 São Leopoldo RS Brazil
| | - Jair Putzke
- Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC; C.P. 188 CEP: 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul RS Brazil
| | - Gislene Ganade
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS; C.P. 275 CEP: 93001-970 São Leopoldo RS Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia; Centro de Biociências; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN; CEP: 59078-900 Natal RN Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rodríguez-Echeverría S, Traveset A. Putative linkages between below- and aboveground mutualisms during alien plant invasions. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv062. [PMID: 26034049 PMCID: PMC4571103 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of the fundamental role of below-aboveground links in controlling ecosystem processes is mostly based on studies done with soil herbivores or mutualists and aboveground herbivores. Much less is known about the links between belowground and aboveground mutualisms, which have been studied separately for decades. It has not been until recently that these mutualisms-mycorrhizas and legume-rhizobia on one hand, and pollinators and seed dispersers on the other hand-have been found to influence each other, with potential ecological and evolutionary consequences. Here we review the mechanisms that may link these two-level mutualisms, mostly reported for native plant species, and make predictions about their relevance during alien plant invasions. We propose that alien plants establishing effective mutualisms with belowground microbes might improve their reproductive success through positive interactions between those mutualists and pollinators and seed dispersers. On the other hand, changes in the abundance and diversity of soil mutualists induced by invasion can also interfere with below-aboveground links for native plant species. We conclude that further research on this topic is needed in the field of invasion ecology as it can provide interesting clues on synergistic interactions and invasional meltdowns during alien plant invasions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Anna Traveset
- Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, E07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Exotic Eucalyptus plantations in the southeastern US: risk assessment, management and policy approaches. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
16
|
Gladieux P, Feurtey A, Hood ME, Snirc A, Clavel J, Dutech C, Roy M, Giraud T. The population biology of fungal invasions. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1969-86. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Gladieux
- Ecologie; Systématique et Evolution; Université Paris-Sud; Bâtiment 360 F-91405 Orsay France
- CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| | - A. Feurtey
- Ecologie; Systématique et Evolution; Université Paris-Sud; Bâtiment 360 F-91405 Orsay France
- CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| | - M. E. Hood
- Department of Biology; Amherst College; Amherst Massachusetts 01002 USA
| | - A. Snirc
- Ecologie; Systématique et Evolution; Université Paris-Sud; Bâtiment 360 F-91405 Orsay France
- CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| | - J. Clavel
- Conservation des Espèces; Restauration et Suivi des Populations - CRBPO; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS-Université Pierre et Marie Curie; 55 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
| | - C. Dutech
- Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés; INRA-Université Bordeaux 1; Site de Pierroton 33610 Cestas France
| | - M. Roy
- Evolution et Diversité Biologique; Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier-Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique-CNRS; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - T. Giraud
- Ecologie; Systématique et Evolution; Université Paris-Sud; Bâtiment 360 F-91405 Orsay France
- CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
New evidence of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the Hawaiian Islands associated with the endemic host Pisonia sandwicensis (Nyctaginaceae). FUNGAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
18
|
Traveset A, Richardson DM. Mutualistic Interactions and Biological Invasions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutualisms structure ecosystems and mediate their functioning. They also enhance invasions of many alien species. Invasions disrupt native mutualisms, often leading to population declines, reduced biodiversity, and altered ecosystem functioning. Focusing on three main types of mutualisms (pollination, seed dispersal, and plant-microbial symbioses) and drawing on examples from different ecosystems and from species- and community-level studies, we review the key mechanisms whereby such positive interactions mediate invasions and are in turn influenced by invasions. High interaction generalization is “the norm” in most systems, allowing alien species to infiltrate recipient communities. We identify traits that influence invasiveness (e.g., selfing capacity in plants, animal behavioral traits) or invasibility (e.g., partner choice in mycorrhizas/rhizobia) through mutualistic interactions. Mutualistic disruptions due to invasions are pervasive, and subsequent cascading effects are also widespread. Ecological networks provide a useful framework for predicting tipping points for community collapse in response to invasions and other synergistic drivers of global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Traveset
- Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies, E07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moyersoen B, Weiß M. New neotropical sebacinales species from a Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea forest in the Guayana Region, Southern Venezuela: structural diversity and phylogeography. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103076. [PMID: 25072467 PMCID: PMC4114518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea, a member of the Dipterocarpaceae endemic in the Guayana region, is associated with a diverse community of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Amongst the 41 ECM fungal species detected in a 400 m2 P. dipterocarpacea ssp. nitida plot in Southern Venezuela, three species belonged to the Sebacinales. We tested whether ECM anatomotype characterization can be used as a feasible element in an integrative taxonomy in this diverse fungal group, where the relevance of fruitbody morphology for species delimitation seems limited. Using a combination of ECM morpho-anatomical characterizations and phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ITS and LSU sequences, we report three new species. The main distinguishing features of Sebacina guayanensis are the yellowish cell walls together with conspicuous undifferentiated, uniform compact (type B) rhizomorphs. Staghorn-like hyphae are characteristic of S. tomentosa. The combination of clusters of thick-walled emanating hyphae, including hyphae similar to awl-shaped cystidia with basal dichotomous or trichotomous ramifications, and the presence of type B rhizomorphs were characteristic of a third, yet unnamed species. The three species belong to three different, possibly specifically tropical clades in Sebacinales Group A. The geographic distribution of phylogenetically related strains was wide, including a Dicymbe forest in Guyana and an Ecuadorian rainforest with Coccoloba species. We show that ECM morpho-anatomy can be used, in combination with other analyses, to delineate species within Sebacinales Group A. In addition to phylogenetic information, type B rhizomorphs observed in different Sebacinales clades have important ecological implications for this fungal group. The phylogeography of Sebacinales suggests that dispersion and host jump are important radiation mechanisms that shaped P. dipterocarpacea ECM fungal community. This study emphasizes the need for more sequence data to evaluate the hypothesis that phylogeographic relationships between neo- and paleotropical ECM fungal species could be attributed to the vicariance of cross-continental hosts such as the Dipterocarpacae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Moyersoen
- School of Biological Sciences, Cruickshank Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Weiß
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Dickie IA. Does host plant richness explain diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi? Re-evaluation of Gao et al. (2013) data sets reveals sampling effects. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:992-5. [PMID: 24400823 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The generally positive relationship between biodiversity of groups of directly or indirectly interacting organisms is one of the most important ecological concepts (Gaston, 2000 Nature, 405, 220-227; Scherber C, Eisenhauer N, Weisser WW et al., 2010 Nature, 468, 553-556). In a recent issue of Molecular Ecology, Gao C, Shi N-N, Liu Y-X et al. (2013: 22, 3403-3414) reported that the richness of plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi is positively correlated both at local and at global scales. Here, we challenge these findings by re-analysis of data and ascribe the reported results to sampling effect and poor data compilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum and Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Tedersoo L, Smith ME. Lineages of ectomycorrhizal fungi revisited: Foraging strategies and novel lineages revealed by sequences from belowground. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Buyck B, Kauff F, Eyssartier G, Couloux A, Hofstetter V. A multilocus phylogeny for worldwide Cantharellus (Cantharellales, Agaricomycetidae). FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
24
|
Johnson NC, Angelard C, Sanders IR, Kiers ET. Predicting community and ecosystem outcomes of mycorrhizal responses to global change. Ecol Lett 2013; 16 Suppl 1:140-53. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C. Johnson
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability; Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff; AZ; 86011; USA
| | - Caroline Angelard
- Department of Ecology & Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne; 1015; Switzerland
| | - Ian R. Sanders
- Department of Ecology & Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne; 1015; Switzerland
| | - E. Toby Kiers
- Institute of Ecological Science; Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Bahram M, Kõljalg U, Kohout P, Mirshahvaladi S, Tedersoo L. Ectomycorrhizal fungi of exotic pine plantations in relation to native host trees in Iran: evidence of host range expansion by local symbionts to distantly related host taxa. MYCORRHIZA 2013; 23:11-19. [PMID: 22592855 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-012-0445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of exotic plants change soil microbial communities which may have detrimental ecological consequences for ecosystems. In this study, we examined the community structure and species richness of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi associated with exotic pine plantations in relation to adjacent native ectomycorrhizal trees in Iran to elucidate the symbiont exchange between distantly related hosts, i.e. Fagales (Fagaceae and Betulaceae) and Pinaceae. The combination of morphological and molecular identification approaches revealed that 84.6 % of species with more than one occurrence (at least once on pines) were shared with native trees and only 5.9 % were found exclusively on pine root tips. The community diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the pine plantations adjacent to native EcM trees was comparable to their adjacent native trees, but the isolated plantations hosted relatively a species-poor community. Specific mycobionts of conifers were dominant in the isolated plantation while rarely found in the plantations adjacent to native EcM trees. These data demonstrate the importance of habitat isolation and dispersal limitation of EcM fungi in their potential of host range expansion. The great number of shared and possibly compatible symbiotic species between exotic Pinaceae and local Fagales (Fagaceae and Betulaceae) may reflect their evolutionary adaptations and/or ancestral compatibility with one another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bahram
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Tartu University, 40 Lai, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bogar LM, Kennedy PG. New wrinkles in an old paradigm: neighborhood effects can modify the structure and specificity ofAlnus-associated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 83:767-77. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bogar
- Department of Biology; Lewis and Clark College; Portland; OR; USA
| | - Peter G. Kennedy
- Department of Biology; Lewis and Clark College; Portland; OR; USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wolfe BE, Pringle A. Geographically structured host specificity is caused by the range expansions and host shifts of a symbiotic fungus. THE ISME JOURNAL 2012; 6:745-55. [PMID: 22134645 PMCID: PMC3309363 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The inability to associate with local species may constrain the spread of mutualists arriving to new habitats, but the fates of introduced, microbial mutualists are largely unknown. The deadly poisonous ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita phalloides (the death cap) is native to Europe and introduced to the East and West Coasts of North America. By cataloging host associations across the two continents, we record dramatic changes in specificity among the three ranges. On the East Coast, where the fungus is restricted in its distribution, it associates almost exclusively with pines, which are rarely hosts of A. phalloides in its native range. In California, where the fungus is widespread and locally abundant, it associates almost exclusively with oaks, mirroring the host associations observed in Europe. The most common host of the death cap in California is the endemic coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), and the current distribution of A. phalloides appears constrained within the distribution of Q. agrifolia. In California, host shifts to native plants are also associated with a near doubling in the resources allocated to sexual reproduction and a prolonged fruiting period; mushrooms are twice as large as they are elsewhere and mushrooms are found throughout the year. Host and niche shifts are likely to shape the continuing range expansion of A. phalloides and other ectomycorrhizal fungi introduced across the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Wolfe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bâ AM, Duponnois R, Moyersoen B, Diédhiou AG. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of tropical African trees. MYCORRHIZA 2012; 22:1-29. [PMID: 21989710 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-011-0415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The diversity, ecology and function of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi and ectomycorrhizas (ECMs) on tropical African tree species are reviewed here. While ECMs are the most frequent mycorrhizal type in temperate and boreal forests, they concern an economically and ecologically important minority of plants in African tropical forests. In these African tropical forests, ECMs are found mainly on caesalpionioid legumes, Sarcolaenaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Asterpeiaceae, Phyllantaceae, Sapotaceae, Papilionoideae, Gnetaceae and Proteaceae, and distributed in open, gallery and rainforests of the Guineo-Congolian basin, Zambezian Miombo woodlands of East and South-Central Africa and Sudanian savannah woodlands of the sub-sahara. Overall, EM status was confirmed in 93 (26%) among 354 tree species belonging to EM genera. In addition, 195 fungal taxa were identified using morphological descriptions and sequencing of the ML5/ML6 fragment of sporocarps and ECMs from West Africa. Analyses of the belowground EM fungal communities mostly based on fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences of ECMs from Continental Africa, Madagascar and the Seychelles also revealed more than 350 putative species of EM fungi belonging mainly to 18 phylogenetic lineages. As in temperate forests, the /russula-lactarius and /tomentella-thelephora lineages dominated EM fungal flora in tropical Africa. A low level of host preference and dominance of multi-host fungal taxa on different African adult tree species and their seedlings were revealed, suggesting a potential for the formation of common ectomycorrhizal networks. Moreover, the EM inoculum potential in terms of types and density of propagules (spores, sclerotia, EM root fragments and fragments of mycelia strands) in the soil allowed opportunistic root colonisation as well as long-term survival in the soil during the dry season. These are important characteristics when choosing an EM fungus for field application. In this respect, Thelephoroid fungal sp. XM002, an efficient and competitive broad host range EM fungus, possessed these characteristics and appeared to be a good candidate for artificial inoculation of Caesalps and Phyllanthaceae seedlings in nurseries. However, further efforts should be made to assess the genetic and functional diversity of African EM fungi as well as the EM status of unstudied plant species and to strengthen the use of efficient and competitive EM fungi to improve production of ecologically and economically important African multipurpose trees in plantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amadou M Bâ
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/UCAD/ISRA, (LCM), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Jairus T, Bechem E, Chinoya S, Mpumba R, Leal M, Randrianjohany E, Razafimandimbison S, Sadam A, Naadel T, Kõljalg U. Spatial structure and the effects of host and soil environments on communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi in wooded savannas and rain forests of Continental Africa and Madagascar. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:3071-80. [PMID: 21645161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi play a key role in mineral nutrition of terrestrial plants, but the factors affecting natural distribution, diversity and community composition of particularly tropical fungi remain poorly understood. This study addresses shifts in community structure and species frequency of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi in relation to host taxa, soil depth and spatial structure in four contrasting African ecosystems. We used the rDNA and plastid trnL intron sequence analysis for identification of fungi and host plants, respectively. By partitioning out spatial autocorrelation in plant and fungal distribution, we suggest that African EcM fungal communities are little structured by soil horizon and host at the plant species and family levels. These findings contrast with patterns of vegetation in these forests and EcM fungal communities in other tropical and temperate ecosystems. The low level of host preference indirectly supports an earlier hypothesis that pioneer Phyllanthaceae may facilitate the establishment of late successional Fabaceae and potentially other EcM host trees by providing compatible fungal inoculum in deforested and naturally disturbed ecosystems of tropical Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|