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Phaenark C, Seechanhoi P, Sawangproh W. Metal toxicity in Bryum coronatum Schwaegrichen: impact on chlorophyll content, lamina cell structure, and metal accumulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1336-1347. [PMID: 38379318 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2317878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This research examined the impact of heavy metals, including Cd, Pb, and Zn, on chlorophyll content and lamina cell structure in Bryum coronatum. After exposure to varying metal concentrations (0.015, 0.065, 0.250, 1, and 4 mg/L), chlorophyll content, chloroplast numbers, lamina cell change, and metal accumulation were investigated. Chlorophyll content was assessed using spectrophotometry, whereas chloroplast numbers and lamina cell changes were examined under a light microscope. Metal accumulation was quantified through ICP-MS. The findings revealed that Cd notably reduced chlorophyll a content, while Pb and Zn showed minimal influence. Cd and Pb exposure decreased the number of chloroplasts in lamina cells, with no impact from Zn. The moss's capacity to absorb metals increased with higher exposure levels, indicating its potential as a biomonitor for heavy metal pollution. Cell mortality occurred in response to Cd and Pb, primarily in the median and apical lamina regions, while Zn had no effect. This study sheds light on heavy metal toxicity in B. coronatum, underscoring its significance for environmental monitoring. Further research on the mechanisms and consequences of heavy metal toxicity in bryophytes is essential for a comprehensive understanding of this critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetsada Phaenark
- Conservation Biology Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
| | - Paramet Seechanhoi
- Conservation Biology Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
| | - Weerachon Sawangproh
- Conservation Biology Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
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2
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Tőzsér D, Idehen DO, Osazuwa JD, Sule JE, Ragyák ÁZ, Sajtos Z, Magura T. Early-stage growth and elemental composition patterns of Brassica napus L. in response to Cd-Zn contamination. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141235. [PMID: 38237783 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination caused by the presence of Cd and the excess amount of Zn is a widespread concern in agricultural areas, posing significant risks to the growth and development of crops. In this paper, the early-stage development and metal (Cd and Zn) accumulation potential of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) grown under different metal application schemes were assessed by determining radicle and hypocotyl length and the micro- and macro elemental composition of plantlets after 24, 72, and 120 h. The results indicated that the single and co-application of Cd and Zn significantly reduced the radicle and hypocotyl lengths. Accumulation intensity for Cd and Zn was affected by Cd and the combination of Cd and Zn in the solution, respectively. In addition, both metals significantly influenced the tissue Mn and had a minor effect on Cu and Fe concentrations. Both Cd and Zn significantly affected macro element concentrations by decreasing tissue Ca and influencing K and Mg concentrations in a dose- and exposure time-dependent manner. These findings specify the short-term and support the long-term use of rapeseed in remediation processes. However, interactions of metals are crucial in determining the concentration patterns in tissues, which deserves more attention in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Tőzsér
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Circular Economy Analysis Center, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | | | | | - John Elias Sule
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágota Zsófia Ragyák
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Agilent Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófi Sajtos
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Agilent Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Magura
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Anthropocene Ecology Research Group, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Rehman M, Pan J, Mubeen S, Ma W, Luo D, Cao S, Chen P. Intercropping of kenaf and soybean affects plant growth, antioxidant capacity, and uptake of cadmium and lead in contaminated mining soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89638-89650. [PMID: 37454378 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping is considered a sustainable agricultural practice that can reduce the environmental impacts on agriculture. Our study investigated the morphology, physiology, and cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) under intercropping in mining soil. Results showed that mutual intercropping is conducive to the growth and biomass accumulation of kenaf and soybean, compared to their respective monoculture. Intercropping increased the relative chlorophyll index in kenaf, while that in soybean had no significant effect. Furthermore, intercropping increased the antioxidant enzyme activity of kenaf, while that of soybean reduced or had no significant effect. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased in both of the species. Compared to their respective monoculture, Cd content was increased in kenaf leaves and reduced in soybean roots. Moreover, intercropping decreased the Pb content in tissues of both the species, except that Pb content of kenaf roots was increased. At the same time, root, leaf, or stem bioconcentration factors also performed the same trend, and TF was less than 1. These results indicated that intercropping can increase the plant growth and decrease the metal content in plant tissues. Present findings could provide support for future research on kenaf and soybean cultivation in contaminated lands. In addition, the present study strengthens our understanding about the effectiveness of intercropping system on heavy metal-contaminated lands for sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Rehman
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiao Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dengjie Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Morad D, Bernstein N. Response of Medical Cannabis to Magnesium (Mg) Supply at the Vegetative Growth Phase. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2676. [PMID: 37514290 PMCID: PMC10386616 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated a significant impact of some major macronutrients on function and production of medical cannabis plants, yet information on the effect of most nutrients, including Mg, is scarce. Magnesium is required for major physiological functions and metabolic processes in plants, and in the present study we studied the effects of five Mg treatments (2, 20, 35, 70, and 140 mg L-1 Mg), on plant development and function, and distribution of minerals in drug-type (medical) cannabis plants, at the vegetative growth phase. The plants were cultivated in pots under controlled environment conditions. The results demonstrate that plant development is optimal under Mg supply of 35-70 mg L-1 (ppm), and impaired under lower Mg input of 2-20 mg L-1. Two mg L-1 Mg resulted in visual deficiency symptoms, shorter plants, reduced photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, photosynthetic pigments and stomatal conduction in young-mature leaves, and a 28% reduction of total plant biomass compared to the optimal supply of 35 mg L-1 Mg. The highest supply level of 140 mg L-1 Mg induced a small decrease in physiological function, which did not affect morphological development and biomass accumulation. The low-deficient Mg supply of 2 mg L-1 Mg stimulated Mg uptake and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, and Zn in the plant. Increased Mg supply impaired uptake of Ca and K and their root-to-shoot translocation, demonstrating competitive cation inhibition. Mg-deficiency symptoms developed first in old leaves (at 2 mg L-1 Mg) and progressed towards young-mature leaves, demonstrating ability for Mg in-planta storage and remobilization. Mg toxicity symptoms appeared in old leaves from the bottom of the plants, under 140 mg L-1 Mg. Taken together, the findings suggest 35-70 mg L-1 Mg as the optimal concentration range for cannabis plant development and function at the vegetative growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Morad
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Tyagi S, Sharma Y, Sharma A, Pandey A, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. Expression of TaNCL2-A ameliorates cadmium toxicity by increasing calcium and enzymatic antioxidants activities in arabidopsis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138636. [PMID: 37040835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in the environment and is toxic to both animals and plants. The impact of Cd toxicity is shown to be reduced by the exogenous application of calcium (Ca) in crop plants. The sodium/calcium exchanger-like (NCL) protein is involved in Ca enrichment in the cytoplasm by transporting it from the vacuole in the exchange of cytosolic sodium (Na). However, it has not been utilized to ameliorate the Cd toxicity, to date. An elevated expression of TaNCL2-A gene in the root and shoot tissues of bread wheat seedlings, and a higher growth rate of recombinant yeast cells, suggested its role in Cd stress response. The TaNCL2-A expressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited significant Cd tolerance with increased Ca (∼10-fold) accumulation. The proline content and antioxidant enzymes activities were increased while oxidative stress-related molecules such as H2O2 and MDA were reduced in the transgenic lines. In addition, the growth and yield parameters of transgenic lines such as seed germination rate, root length, leaf biomass, leaf area index, rosette diameter, leaf length and width, and silique count, along with various physiological indicators like chlorophyll, carotenoid, and relative water contents were also improved in comparison to the control plants. Further, the transgenic lines exhibited significant salinity and osmotic stress tolerance, as well. Taken together, these results suggested that the TaNCL2-A could mitigate Cd toxicity along with salinity and osmotic stress. This gene may also be utilized for phytoremediation and Cd sequestration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivi Tyagi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Yashraaj Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Liu S, Peng X, Wang X, Zhuang W. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in Cadmium and Arsenic Accumulation in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1182. [PMID: 36904042 PMCID: PMC10007383 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the second most consumed drink in the world. Rapid industrialization has caused various impacts on nature and increased pollution by heavy metals. However, the molecular mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) tolerance and accumulation in tea plants are poorly understood. The present study focused on the effects of heavy metals Cd and As on tea plants. Transcriptomic regulation of tea roots after Cd and As exposure was analyzed to explore the candidate genes involved in Cd and As tolerance and accumulation. In total, 2087, 1029, 1707, and 366 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in Cd1 (with Cd treatment for 10 days) vs. CK (without Cd treatment), Cd2 (with Cd treatment for 15 days) vs. CK, As1 (with As treatment for 10 days) vs. CK (without Cd treatment), and As2 (with As treatment for 15 days) vs. CK, respectively. Analysis of DEGs showed that a total of 45 DEGs with the same expression patterns were identified in four pairwise comparison groups. One ERF transcription factor (CSS0000647) and six structural genes (CSS0033791, CSS0050491, CSS0001107, CSS0019367, CSS0006162, and CSS0035212) were only increased at 15 d of Cd and As treatments. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the transcription factor (CSS0000647) was positively correlated with five structural genes (CSS0001107, CSS0019367, CSS0006162, CSS0033791, and CSS0035212). Moreover, one gene (CSS0004428) was significantly upregulated in both Cd and As treatments, suggesting that these genes might play important roles in enhancing the tolerance to Cd and As stresses. These results provide candidate genes to enhance multi-metal tolerance through the genetic engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xuqian Peng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
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Marques DN, Nogueira ML, Gaziola SA, Batagin-Piotto KD, Freitas NC, Alcantara BK, Paiva LV, Mason C, Piotto FA, Azevedo RA. New insights into cadmium tolerance and accumulation in tomato: Dissecting root and shoot responses using cross-genotype grafting. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114577. [PMID: 36252830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most threatening soil and water contaminants in agricultural settings. In previous studies, we observed that Cd affects the metabolism and physiology of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants even after short-term exposure. The objective of this research was to use cross-genotype grafting to distinguish between root- and shoot-mediated responses of tomato genotypes with contrasting Cd tolerance at the early stages of Cd exposure. This study provides the first report of organ-specific contributions in two tomato genotypes with contrasting Cd tolerance: Solanum lycopersicum cv. Calabash Rouge and Solanum lycopersicum cv. Pusa Ruby (which have been classified and further characterized as sensitive (S) and tolerant (T) to Cd, respectively). Scion S was grafted onto rootstock S (S/S) and rootstock T (S/T), and scion T was grafted onto rootstock T (T/T) and rootstock S (T/S). A 35 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treatment was used for stress induction in a hydroponic system. Both shoot and root contributions to Cd responses were observed, and they varied in a genotype- and/or organ-dependent manner for nutrient concentrations, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and transporters gene expression. The findings overall provide evidence for the dominant role of the tolerant rootstock system in conferring reduced Cd uptake and accumulation. The lowest leaf Cd concentrations were observed in T/T (215.11 μg g-1 DW) and S/T (235.61 μg g-1 DW). Cadmium-induced decreases in leaf dry weight were observed only in T/S (-8.20%) and S/S (-13.89%), which also were the only graft combinations that showed decreases in chlorophyll content (-3.93% in T/S and -4.05% in S/S). Furthermore, the results show that reciprocal grafting is a fruitful approach for gaining insights into the organ-specific modulation of Cd tolerance and accumulation during the early stages of Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyvid Novaes Marques
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marina Lima Nogueira
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Salete Aparecida Gaziola
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Chagas Freitas
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Vilela Paiva
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Chase Mason
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Fernando Angelo Piotto
- Department of Crop Science, University of São Paulo/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Dridi N, Ferreira R, Bouslimi H, Brito P, Martins-Dias S, Caçador I, Sleimi N. Assessment of Tolerance to Lanthanum and Cerium in Helianthus Annuus Plant: Effect on Growth, Mineral Nutrition, and Secondary Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070988. [PMID: 35406967 PMCID: PMC9002919 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) present a group of nonessential metals for the growth and development of plants. At high concentrations, they can induce internal stress and disturb the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in plants. The potential uptake of lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) by the horticultural plant Helianthus annuus and the effect of these elements on its growth, its absorption of macroelements, and the contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were assessed. The plants were exposed to 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 µM of La and Ce for 14 days. The results showed a remarkable accumulation of the two REEs, especially in the roots, which was found to be positively correlated with the total phenolic compound and flavonoid content in the plant shoots and roots. The plant's growth parameter patterns (such as dry weight and water content); the levels of potassium, calcium, and magnesium; and the tolerance index varied with the concentrations of the two studied elements. According to the tolerance index values, H. annuus had more affinity to La than to Ce. Although these metals were accumulated in H. annuus tissues, this Asteraceae plant cannot be considered as a hyperaccumulator species of these two REEs, since the obtained REE content in the plant's upper parts was less than 1000 mg·Kg-1 DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Dridi
- LR. RME-Resources, Materials and Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia; (N.D.); (H.B.)
| | - Renata Ferreira
- CERENA, Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Houda Bouslimi
- LR. RME-Resources, Materials and Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia; (N.D.); (H.B.)
| | - Pedro Brito
- IPMA, Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal;
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Susete Martins-Dias
- CERENA, Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Departamento de Bioengenharia, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE-FCUL, Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Noomene Sleimi
- LR. RME-Resources, Materials and Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia; (N.D.); (H.B.)
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Faiz S, Yasin NA, Khan WU, Shah AA, Akram W, Ahmad A, Ali A, Naveed NH, Riaz L. Role of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in the mitigation of lead-induced stress in Daucus carota: modulation in polyamines and antioxidant enzymes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 24:364-372. [PMID: 34282979 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1949263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During the current study, the effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (5 mmol/L) were observed on the growth and mineral nutrients of Daucus carota under lead (Pb) stress. The results demonstrated that Pb stress decreased the growth and photosynthetic rate of D. carota plants. Furthermore, Pb stressed plants showed decreased uptake of mineral nutrients including Zn, Na, Fe, K, Ca, Mg, K, and Cu. Similarly, Pb stressed plants showed enhanced electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, magnesium oxide nanoparticles detoxified ROS to mitigate Pb stress and improved the growth of plants. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles also escalated the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT). A higher amount of Pb content was observed in the roots as compared to the shoot of plants. Lead toxicity reduced manganese accumulation in D. carota plants. The increased concentration of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc advocates stress the ameliorative role of Pb stress in plants. Novelty statementThe role of MgONPs in the alleviation of Pb-toxicity in Daucus carota has never been exploited. In addition, the potential of MgONPs to enhance nutritional content in D. carota via modulation in antioxidant system and polyamines have never been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Faiz
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Garden, RO-II Office, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ullah Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aamir Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Luqman Riaz
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9080182. [PMID: 34437500 PMCID: PMC8402566 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.
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Haider FU, Liqun C, Coulter JA, Cheema SA, Wu J, Zhang R, Wenjun M, Farooq M. Cadmium toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111887. [PMID: 33450535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential trace element in plants that is ubiquitous in the environment. Anthropogenic activities such as disposal of urban refuse, smelting, mining, metal manufacturing, and application of synthetic phosphate fertilizers enhance the concentration of Cd in the environment and are carcinogenic to human health. In this manuscript, we reviewed the sources of Cd contamination to the environment, soil factors affecting the Cd uptake, the dynamics of Cd in the soil rhizosphere, uptake mechanisms, translocation, and toxicity of Cd in plants. In crop plants, the toxicity of Cd reduces uptake and translocation of nutrients and water, increases oxidative damage, disrupts plant metabolism, and inhibits plant morphology and physiology. In addition, the defense mechanism in plants against Cd toxicity and potential remediation strategies, including the use of biochar, minerals nutrients, compost, organic manure, growth regulators, and hormones, and application of phytoremediation, bioremediation, and chemical methods are also highlighted in this review. This manuscript may help to determine the ecological importance of Cd stress in interdisciplinary studies and essential remediation strategies to overcome the contamination of Cd in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cai Liqun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jeffrey A Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Renzhi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ma Wenjun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman.
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12
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Adamakis IDS, Sperdouli I, Hanć A, Dobrikova A, Apostolova E, Moustakas M. Rapid Hormetic Responses of Photosystem II Photochemistry of Clary Sage to Cadmium Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E41. [PMID: 33375193 PMCID: PMC7793146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-day exposure of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) to 100 μM cadmium (Cd) in hydroponics was sufficient to increase Cd concentrations significantly in roots and aboveground parts and affect negatively whole plant levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), since Cd competes for Ca channels, while reduced Mg concentrations are associated with increased Cd tolerance. Total zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) uptake increased but their translocation to the aboveground parts decreased. Despite the substantial levels of Cd in leaves, without any observed defects on chloroplast ultrastructure, an enhanced photosystem II (PSII) efficiency was observed, with a higher fraction of absorbed light energy to be directed to photochemistry (ΦPSΙΙ). The concomitant increase in the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching of photosynthesis (NPQ) resulted in an important decrease in the dissipated non-regulated energy (ΦNO), modifying the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), through a decreased singlet oxygen (1O2) formation. A basal ROS level was detected in control plant leaves for optimal growth, while a low increased level of ROS under 5 days Cd exposure seemed to be beneficial for triggering defense responses, and a high level of ROS out of the boundaries (8 days Cd exposure), was harmful to plants. Thus, when clary sage was exposed to Cd for a short period, tolerance mechanisms were triggered. However, exposure to a combination of Cd and high light or to Cd alone (8 days) resulted in an inhibition of PSII functionality, indicating Cd toxicity. Thus, the rapid activation of PSII functionality at short time exposure and the inhibition at longer duration suggests a hormetic response and describes these effects in terms of "adaptive response" and "toxicity", respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anelia Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Grajek H, Rydzyński D, Piotrowicz-Cieślak A, Herman A, Maciejczyk M, Wieczorek Z. Cadmium ion-chlorophyll interaction - Examination of spectral properties and structure of the cadmium-chlorophyll complex and their relevance to photosynthesis inhibition. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127434. [PMID: 32717505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll was shown to spontaneously form a complex with cadmium, which is incorporated at the central position of the chlorophyll molecule porphyrin ring, where it replaces magnesium. The rate of complex formation depended on the ratio of Cd2+ ions to chlorophyll concentration in the solution. In solutions with chlorophyll concentration of C = 1 × 10-5 M and Cd2+ concentrations of C = 1 × 10-5 M, C = 1 × 10-3 M and C = 9 × 10-3 M, Cd-Chl complex formation was completed after 200 h, 50 h and 33 h, respectively. The formation of Cd-Chl complex followed the second order over all substrates reaction order, first order over Cd2+ concentration and first over Chl concentration. The pseudo second order reaction rate constant k, when Cd2+ concentration was equal Chl concentration have been obtained as k = 1.510 ± 0.023 × 10-4 M-1min-1. Quantum chemistry computations showed that Cd-chlorophyll complex existed in two conformations in the methanol solution with cadmium ion placed either below or above the coordination plane. Two times smaller overlap integral of the Chl fluorescence spectrum with the Cd-Chl absorption spectrum IChl,Cd-Chl= 2.4223 × 10-13 cm3/M in comparison with the overlap integral of the Chl fluorescence spectrum with the Chl absorption spectrum IChl,Chl= 4.6210 × 10-13 cm3/M (twice lower probability of energy transfer Chl∗ → Cd-Chl than Chl∗ → Chl) and lower Förster critical distance for resonance energy transfer: RoChl→Cd-Chl= 46.773 Å, RoChl→Chl= 52.086 Å, indicated that in plants intoxicated with cadmium, taken up from the contaminated soil, the energy transfer between Chl and Cd-Chl in antennas will be disturbed, which may be one of the reasons for the inhibition of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Grajek
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 4, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Rydzyński
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 4, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowicz-Cieślak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksander Herman
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Maciejczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 4, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Wieczorek
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 4, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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14
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Ogura T, Kobayashi NI, Hermans C, Ichihashi Y, Shibata A, Shirasu K, Aoki N, Sugita R, Ogawa T, Suzuki H, Iwata R, Nakanishi TM, Tanoi K. Short-Term Magnesium Deficiency Triggers Nutrient Retranslocation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:563. [PMID: 32582226 PMCID: PMC7287120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is essential for many biological processes in plant cells, and its deficiency causes yield reduction in crop systems. Low Mg status reportedly affects photosynthesis, sucrose partitioning and biomass allocation. However, earlier physiological responses to Mg deficiency are scarcely described. Here, we report that Mg deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana first modified the mineral profile in mature leaves within 1 or 2 days, then affected sucrose partitioning after 4 days, and net photosynthesis and biomass production after 6 days. The short-term Mg deficiency reduced the contents of phosphorus (P), potassium, manganese, zinc and molybdenum in mature but not in expanding (young) leaves. While P content decreased in mature leaves, P transport from roots to mature leaves was not affected, indicating that Mg deficiency triggered retranslocation of the mineral nutrients from mature leaves. A global transcriptome analysis revealed that Mg deficiency triggered the expression of genes involved in defence response in young leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Ogura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko I. Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Hermans
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Arisa Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aoki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sugita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko M. Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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15
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Mortezaeefar M, Fotovat R, Shekari F, Sasani S. Comprehensive Understanding of the Interaction Among Stress Hormones Signalling Pathways by Gene Co-expression Network. Curr Bioinform 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666190226160742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Plants respond to various stresses at the same time. Recent studies show
that interactions of various phytohormones can play important roles in response to stresses.
Objective:
Although many studies have been done about the effects of the individual hormones,
little information exists about the crosstalk among the hormone signalling pathways in plants.
Methods:
In this work, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis method was used to
define modules containing genes with highly correlated expression patterns in response to abscisic
acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis.
Results:
Results indicate that plant hormones cause major changes the expression profile and
control diverse cell functions, including response to environmental stresses and external factors,
cell cycle, and antioxidant activity. In addition, AtbHLH15 and HY5 transcription factors can
participate in phytochrome pathways in response to the phytohormones. It is probable that some
Type III WRKY transcription factors control the response to bacterium separately from the other
stresses. The E2Fa/DPa transcription factor also regulates the cell cycle.
Conclusion:
In general, many processes and pathways in plants may be regulated using a
combination of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mortezaeefar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Fotovat
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Farid Shekari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shahryar Sasani
- Crop and Horticultural Sciences Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran
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16
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Carvalho MEA, Piotto FA, Franco MR, Rossi ML, Martinelli AP, Cuypers A, Azevedo RA. Relationship between Mg, B and Mn status and tomato tolerance against Cd toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 240:84-92. [PMID: 30928798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Distinct tomato genotypes possess different tolerance degree to cadmium (Cd), but the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are scarcely understood. To this end, the physiological, biochemical, anatomical, nutritional and molecular mechanisms associated to the plant tolerance against Cd toxicity were investigated in five tomato accessions with contrasting sensitivity to Cd exposure. Firstly, the data revealed that larger biomass loss was not always coupled to higher Cd concentration, indicating that other events, in addition to the internal Cd accumulation, impact tomato performance at early stages of Cd exposure. Secondly, the results indicated that the fine regulation of nutrient status, particularly magnesium (Mg), boron (B) and manganese (Mn), is associated to the mitigation of Cd toxicity. Magnesium status was coupled to the modulation of root development, resulting in changes in root hair formation and biomass allocation. Boron accumulation in leaves was linked to Cd toxicity, suggesting that tolerance mechanisms involved strategies to decrease or even avoid B excess in photosynthetic tissues. Disturbances in Mn status, i.e. Mn excess in leaves and Mn deficiency in roots, were also related to tomato sensitivity to Cd exposure. Thirdly, plant capacity to maintain leaf blade expansion is a relevant strategy for a better tomato development after short-term Cd exposure. Fourthly, tomato tolerance to Cd-induced stress does not depend on CAT activity enhancements in such conditions. In conclusion, tomato ability to quickly manage its nutritional status is necessary for alleviation of the Cd effects at early stages of exposure to this metal. The better understanding about tolerance mechanisms and mode of action of Cd toxicity in plants can help in the establishment of strategies to mitigate its impacts on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Angelo Piotto
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Regina Franco
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lanzoni Rossi
- Divisão Produtividade Agroindustrial e Alimentos, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura/Universidade de São Paulo (Cena/USP), Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli
- Divisão Produtividade Agroindustrial e Alimentos, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura/Universidade de São Paulo (Cena/USP), Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Carvalho MEA, Piotto FA, Franco MR, Borges KLR, Gaziola SA, Castro PRC, Azevedo RA. Cadmium toxicity degree on tomato development is associated with disbalances in B and Mn status at early stages of plant exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1293-1302. [PMID: 30259382 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is frequently coupled to its accumulation in plants, but not always the highest Cd concentration triggers the worst damages, indicating that additional events influence the magnitude of Cd side-effects. We investigated the early mechanisms behind the differential Cd-induced impacts on plant development of four tomato accessions with contrasting tolerance to Cd toxicity. At organ level, the highest Cd concentration was not associated with the largest biomass losses. In leaves, changes in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were not related to differences in Cd concentration, which was unable to provoke H2O2 overproduction on the sixth day of plant exposure to this metal. Further investigation in the mineral profile revealed that magnitude of Cd toxicity depends probably on synergic effects from increased B status, in addition to the own Cd accumulation. Furthermore, disbalances in Mn status (i.e., excess in leaves and deficiency in roots) may enhance Cd toxicity degree. According to data, however, the low magnesium (Mg) status can be linked to tomato tolerance against Cd toxicity. In conclusion, the tomato tolerance degree under short-Cd exposure depends on actively, finely regulation of mineral homeostasis that results in different development of plant organs. The better understanding on the mode of action of Cd toxicity in plants can help in the establishment of strategies to mitigate its impacts on crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Angelo Piotto
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/ USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mônica Regina Franco
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Lima Reis Borges
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Salete Aparecida Gaziola
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Camargo Castro
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/ USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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18
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Piotto FA, Carvalho MEA, Souza LA, Rabêlo FHS, Franco MR, Batagin-Piotto KD, Azevedo RA. Estimating tomato tolerance to heavy metal toxicity: cadmium as study case. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27535-27544. [PMID: 30051291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to develop a reliable and fast approach to estimate the plant tolerance degree to heavy metal (HM) phytotoxicity. Two independent experiments were carried out using tomato accessions, with contrasting morphological features, that were grown in a hydroponic solution containing different CdCl2 concentrations for 7 days. Plant dry weight and chlorophyll content (SPAD units) were evaluated, and tolerance degree to Cd toxicity was estimated according to the tolerance index (TI), which is a new mathematical formula based on plant biomass proposed in this study. Although with different magnitudes, tomato exhibited reductions in their dry weight concurrently with the increasing CdCl2 concentration. By contrast, chlorophyll content presented no standard response, decreasing and even increasing according to CdCl2 concentrations, indicating that only under certain conditions (particularly, at CdCl2 50 μM), this parameter can be used to estimate plant tolerance to Cd toxicity. TI was efficiently able to segregate tomato cultivars with similar performance (based on the total dry weight of plants), and such segregation was optimized when the hydroponic solution contained from 25 to 50 μM CdCl2. Within this range, data pointed at 35 μM CdCl2 as the best concentration to be employed in studies related to the tomato tolerance/sensitivity to Cd toxicity. In conclusion, TI proved to be a reliable estimator of tolerance degree to Cd exposure in genetically distinct tomato accessions. Moreover, TI can be used for this same purpose in plants under other HM-induced stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Angelo Piotto
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Anjos Souza
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Polo de Inovação em Bioenergia e Grãos, Rodovia Sul Goiânia km 1, CP 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Silva Rabêlo
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mônica Regina Franco
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Katherine Derlene Batagin-Piotto
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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19
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Carvalho MEA, Piotto FA, Gaziola SA, Jacomino AP, Jozefczak M, Cuypers A, Azevedo RA. New insights about cadmium impacts on tomato: Plant acclimation, nutritional changes, fruit quality and yield. Food Energy Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia E. A. Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética; Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP); Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Piotto
- Departamento de Genética; Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP); Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Salete A. Gaziola
- Departamento de Genética; Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP); Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Angelo P. Jacomino
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal; Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz De Queiroz”/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP); Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Marijke Jozefczak
- Centre for Environmental Sciences; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Ricardo A. Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética; Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP); Piracicaba Brazil
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20
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Natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana Cd responses and the detection of quantitative trait loci affecting Cd tolerance. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623252 PMCID: PMC5473843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal tolerance is often a result of metal storage or distribution. Thus, with the goal of advancing the molecular understanding of such metal homeostatic mechanisms, natural variation of metal tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. Substantial variation exists in tolerance of excess copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd). Two accessions, Col-0 and Bur-0, and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from these parents were chosen for further analysis of Cd and Zn tolerance variation, which is evident at different plant ages in various experimental systems and appears to be genetically linked. Three QTLs, explaining in total nearly 50% of the variation in Cd tolerance, were mapped. The one obvious candidate gene in the mapped intervals, HMA3, is unlikely to contribute to the variation. In order to identify additional candidate genes the Cd responses of Col-0 and Bur-0 were compared at the transcriptome level. The sustained common Cd response of the two accessions was dominated by processes implicated in plant pathogen defense. Accession-specific differences suggested a more efficient activation of acclimative responses as underlying the higher Cd tolerance of Bur-0. The second hypothesis derived from the physiological characterization of the accessions is a reduced Cd accumulation in Bur-0.
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21
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Feng X, Han L, Chao D, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang R, Guo J, Feng R, Xu Y, Ding Y, Huang B, Zhang G. Ionomic and transcriptomic analysis provides new insight into the distribution and transport of cadmium and arsenic in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 331:246-256. [PMID: 28273574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To identify the key barrier parts and relevant elements during Cd/As transport into brown rice, 16 elements were measured in 14 different parts of 21 rice genotypes; moreover, transcriptomic of different nodes was analyzed. Cd/As contents in root and nodes were significantly higher than those other parts. Node I had the highest Cd content among nodes, leading an increase in gene expressions involved in glycolytic and Cd detoxification. The Cu/Zn/Co distribution and transport to various parts was similar to that of Cd, and Fe/Sb distribution and transport to various parts was similar to that of As. Moreover, Cu/Zn/Co/Mg was correlated with Cd in root and nodes, as well as Fe with As. Besides, the ionomic profile showed the different parts of an organ were closely related, and the spatial distribution of different organs was consistent with the growth morphology of rice. Therefore, root and nodes are two key barriers to Cd/As transport into brown rice. Moreover, Node I has the highest Cd accumulation capacities among nodes. The ionomic profile reflects relationships among plant parts and correlations between the elements, suggesting that nodes are hubs for element distribution, as well as the correlation between Cd with Zn/Cu/Co/Mg, between Fe with As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Feng
- Innovative Team of Heavy Metal Remediation Contaminated Farmland Soil of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Lei Han
- Innovative Team of Heavy Metal Remediation Contaminated Farmland Soil of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Daiyin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Innovative Team of Heavy Metal Remediation Contaminated Farmland Soil of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- Innovative Team of Heavy Metal Remediation Contaminated Farmland Soil of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- Innovative Team of Heavy Metal Remediation Contaminated Farmland Soil of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China.
| | - Junkang Guo
- Innovative Team of Heavy Metal Remediation Contaminated Farmland Soil of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Renwei Feng
- Innovative Team of Heavy Metal Remediation Contaminated Farmland Soil of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Innovative Team of Heavy Metal Remediation Contaminated Farmland Soil of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- Innovative Team of Heavy Metal Remediation Contaminated Farmland Soil of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Biyan Huang
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Guangxi, Nanning 530022, PR China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Innovative Team of Heavy Metal Remediation Contaminated Farmland Soil of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
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Farzadfar S, Zarinkamar F, Hojati M. Magnesium and manganese affect photosynthesis, essential oil composition and phenolic compounds of Tanacetum parthenium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:207-217. [PMID: 28092849 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of plant defense metabolites is closely associated with the concentration of nutrient elements, yet data related to the interactive effects of two nutrients on the deployment of phenolics and terpenoids are scare. In the present study, the interaction between magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) on nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, oxidative status and the accumulation of phenolics and terpenoids in the leaves of feverfew plants grown at different concentrations of Mg and Mn was investigated. Nutrient uptake and photosynthesis were associated with the amount of applied Mg but could be modified by the concentration of Mn. Phenolic biosynthetic enzymes and individual phenolics were not only induced by Mg, but their levels were also dependent on the Mn supply. Additionally, the proportion of monoterpenes was enhanced by a deficiency of Mg rather than an excess of Mn. Deprivation of Mg also decreased the proportion of sesquiterpenes in the essential oil. Therefore, it appears that a high Mg and a low Mn supply lead to a marked shift from monoterpene to sesquiterpene production. Phenolic compounds also differentially accumulated under varying Mg and Mn concentrations. These results suggest a profound effect of the combined supply of Mg and Mn on the biosynthesis of terpenes and phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Farzadfar
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarinkamar
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Hojati
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Farzadfar S, Zarinkamar F, Behmanesh M, Hojati M. Magnesium and manganese interactively modulate parthenolide accumulation and the antioxidant defense system in the leaves of Tanacetum parthenium. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 202:10-20. [PMID: 27450490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A balanced nutrient supply is a critical factor affecting accumulation of terpenoids in plants, yet data related to the interactive effects of two essential nutrients for the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes are scarce. Here, the interactional effects between magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) on plant growth, oxidative status, parthenolide accumulation and expression of key genes involved in parthenolide biosynthesis including 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase (HDR), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase (HMGR), germacrene A synthase (GAS), germacrene A oxidase (GAO), costunolide synthase (COS) and parthenolide synthase (PTS) in the leaves of feverfew plants grown at different Mn and Mn levels were assessed. Plant growth and leaf pigment concentrations were associated with the amount of applied Mg but could be modified by the Mn level. Deprivation and the addition of both Mg and Mn induce oxidative stress. Mg supply also alleviated the adverse effects of Mn excess on plant growth and oxidative status. In addition, parthenolide biosynthesis decreased under deprivation of Mg or Mn, but the addition of Mn up to 50μM under 2mM Mg supply considerably increased its accumulation. The parthenolide accumulation trend might reflect the up-regulation of terpenoid-related genes and enzyme activities as well as the oxidative status of feverfew leaves. Our data suggest a profound effect of the combined supply of Mg and Mn on parthenolide biosynthesis through the activation of terpene synthases, which concomitantly modulate by oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Farzadfar
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarinkamar
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hojati
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Anjum R, Sebök S, Krakat N. Thermophilic (55°C) and moderately hyperthermophilic (65°C) fermentation of poultry manure triggers release of high heavy metal concentrations leading to enhanced genotoxicity. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Anjum
- Department of Bioengineering; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V; Potsdam Germany
| | - Stefan Sebök
- Department of Bioengineering; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V; Potsdam Germany
| | - Niclas Krakat
- Department of Bioengineering; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V; Potsdam Germany
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Yan H, Filardo F, Hu X, Zhao X, Fu D. Cadmium stress alters the redox reaction and hormone balance in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3758-69. [PMID: 26498815 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the physiological response of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves to cadmium (Cd) stress and exploit the physiological mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance, macro-mineral and chlorophyll concentrations, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, activities of enzymatic antioxidants, nonenzymatic compounds metabolism, endogenous hormonal changes, and balance in leaves of oilseed rape exposed to 0, 100, or 200 μM CdSO4 were investigated. The results showed that under Cd exposure, Cd concentrations in the leaves continually increased while macro-minerals and chlorophyll concentrations decreased significantly. Meanwhile, with increased Cd stress, superoxide anion (O2(• -)) production rate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in the leaves increased significantly, which caused malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and oxidative stress. For scavenging excess accumulated ROS and alleviating oxidative injury in the leaves, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), was increased significantly at certain stress levels. However, with increased Cd stress, the antioxidant enzyme activities all showed a trend towards reduction. The nonenzymatic antioxidative compounds, such as proline and total soluble sugars, accumulated continuously with increased Cd stress to play a long-term role in scavenging ROS. In addition, ABA levels also increased continuously with Cd stress while ZR decreased and the ABA/ZR ratio increased, which might also be providing a protective role against Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Fiona Filardo
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Xiaotao Hu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - DongHui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, People's Republic of China.
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Shen J, Song L, Müller K, Hu Y, Song Y, Yu W, Wang H, Wu J. Magnesium Alleviates Adverse Effects of Lead on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Ultrastructural Alterations of Torreya grandis Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1819. [PMID: 27965704 PMCID: PMC5127797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) has been shown to reduce the physiological and biochemical stress in plants caused by heavy metals. To date our understanding of how Mg2+ ameliorates the adverse effects of heavy metals in plants is scarce. The potential effect of Mg2+ on lead (Pb2+) toxicity in plants has not yet been studied. This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of Mg2+-induced alleviation of lead (Pb2+) toxicity. Torreya grandis (T. grandis) seedlings were grown in substrate contaminated with 0, 700 and 1400 mg Pb2+ per kg-1 and with or without the addition of 1040 mg kg-1 Mg2+. Growth parameters, concentrations of Pb2+ and Mg2+ in the plants' shoots and roots, photosynthetic pigment, gas exchange parameters, the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), root oxidative activity, ultrastructure of chloroplasts and root growth were determined to analyze the effect of different Pb2+ concentrations on the seedlings as well as the potential ameliorating effect of Mg2+ on the Pb2+ induced toxicity. All measurements were tested by a one-way ANOVA for the effects of treatments. The growth of T. grandis seedlings cultivated in soils treated with 1400 mg kg-1 Pb2+ was significantly reduced compared with that of plants cultivated in soils treated with 0 or 700 mg kg-1 Pb2+. The addition of 1040 mg kg-1 Mg2+ improved the growth of the Pb2+-stressed seedlings, which was accompanied by increased chlorophyll content, the net photosynthetic rate and Fv/Fm, and enhanced chloroplasts development. In addition, the application of Mg2+ induced plants to accumulate five times higher concentrations of Pb2+ in the roots and to absorb and translocate four times higher concentrations of Mg2+ to the shoots than those without Mg2+ application. Furthermore, Mg2+ addition increased root growth and oxidative activity, and protected the root ultrastructure. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first report on the mechanism of Mg2+-induced alleviation of Pb2+ toxicity. The generated results may have important implications for understanding the physiological interactions between heavy metals and plants, and for successful management of T. grandis plantations grown on soils contaminated with Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Lili Song
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Karin Müller
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura Research CentreHamilton, New Zealand
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Yang Song
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Weiwu Yu
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F UniversityZhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiasheng Wu,
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28
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Borišev M, Pajević S, Nikolić N, Orlović S, Župunski M, Pilipović A, Kebert M. Magnesium and iron deficiencies alter Cd accumulation in Salix viminalis L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:164-170. [PMID: 26247775 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1073670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence exists that Cd and certain nutrient elements, such as Fe and Mg, could share similar mechanisms of plant uptake and accumulation. Here we report that Mg and Fe deficiency in mature plants of Salix viminalis, grown in hydroponic solutions containing 5 µg ml(-1) of Cd, caused a significant increase in Cd accumulation in roots, stems and leaves. Cd (µg g(-1) dry weight) was determined following three treatments: 1) Cd treatment in complete nutrient solution; 2) Cd treatment with Fe deficiency; and 3) Cd treatment with Mg deficiency, yielding, respectively: in young leaves (65.3, 76.1, and 92.2), mature leaves (51.5 to 76.3 and 87.1), upper stems (80.6, 116.8, and 130.6) lower stems (67.2, 119, and 102.3), roots (377.1, 744.8, and 442,5). Our results suggest that Cd utilizes the same uptake and transport pathways as Mg and Fe. Evidence exists that Mg and Fe uptake and translocation could be further facilitated by plants as an adaptive response to deficiency of these elements. Such physiological reaction could additionally stimulate Cd accumulation. Although Cd uptake was mostly confined in roots, high Cd content in aerial plant parts (51.5-130.6 µg g(-1)) indicates that the analysed Salix viminalis genotype is suitable for phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borišev
- a Department for Biology and Ecology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - S Pajević
- a Department for Biology and Ecology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - N Nikolić
- a Department for Biology and Ecology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - S Orlović
- b Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - M Župunski
- a Department for Biology and Ecology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - A Pilipović
- b Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - M Kebert
- b Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova , Novi Sad , Serbia
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29
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Kobayashi NI, Tanoi K. Critical Issues in the Study of Magnesium Transport Systems and Magnesium Deficiency Symptoms in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23076-93. [PMID: 26404266 PMCID: PMC4613352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160923076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant cation in living cells. Over 300 enzymes are known to be Mg-dependent, and changes in the Mg concentration significantly affects the membrane potential. As Mg becomes deficient, starch accumulation and chlorosis, bridged by the generation of reactive oxygen species, are commonly found in Mg-deficient young mature leaves. These defects further cause the inhibition of photosynthesis and finally decrease the biomass. Recently, transcriptome analysis has indicated the transcriptinal downregulation of chlorophyll apparatus at the earlier stages of Mg deficiency, and also the potential involvement of complicated networks relating to hormonal signaling and circadian oscillation. However, the processes of the common symptoms as well as the networks between Mg deficiency and signaling are not yet fully understood. Here, for the purpose of defining the missing pieces, several problems are considered and explained by providing an introduction to recent reports on physiological and transcriptional responses to Mg deficiency. In addition, it has long been unclear whether the Mg deficiency response involves the modulation of Mg2+ transport system. In this review, the current status of research on Mg2+ transport and the relating transporters are also summarized. Especially, the rapid progress in physiological characterization of the plant MRS2 gene family as well as the fundamental investigation about the molecular mechanism of the action of bacterial CorA proteins are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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30
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Guo W, Chen S, Hussain N, Cong Y, Liang Z, Chen K. Magnesium stress signaling in plant: just a beginning. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e992287. [PMID: 25806908 PMCID: PMC4622836 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.992287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most important nutrients, involves mainly in plant growth and development. However, the signaling pathways response to magnesium stresses (MgSs) is known little, but several studies lately may improve the research development. Several phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, auxins, and their factors were found responding to MgSs, and there may be some signal pathways linking these hormones and downstream reactions together, e.g., carbon fixation and transfer, starch and sugar metabolism, ion uptaking and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increasing. Consequently, Arabidopsis morphogenesis is remodeled. In this review, we mainly discussed recent literatures involving in plant response to MgSs (Mg deficiency (MgD) and Mg toxicity (MgT)), including plant morphogenesis remodeling, magnesium transporters and signaling transductions. Moreover, the future study challenges related to the responding signalings to MgSs in plants are also presented. Regardless, the iceberg of signal transduction of MgSs in plants is appeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Guo
- College of Life Science; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoning Chen
- College of Life Science; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou, China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuexi Cong
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou, China
| | - Kunming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area; College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling, China
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31
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Hermans C, Conn SJ, Chen J, Xiao Q, Verbruggen N. An update on magnesium homeostasis mechanisms in plants. Metallomics 2014; 5:1170-83. [PMID: 23420558 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, nearly two-thirds of the population do not consume the recommended amount of magnesium (Mg) in their diet. Furthermore, low Mg status (hypomagnesaemia) is known to contribute to a number of human chronic disease conditions. Because the principal dietary Mg source is of plant origin, agronomic and genetic biofortification strategies are aimed at improving nutritional Mg content in food crops to overcome this mineral deficiency in humans. This update incorporates the contributions of annotated permeases involved in Mg uptake, storage and recycling with a schematic model of Mg movement at the organ and cellular levels in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, approaches using mutagenesis or natural ionomic variation to identify loci involved in Mg homeostasis in roots, leaves and seeds will be summarised. A brief overview will be presented on how Arabidopsis research can help to develop strategies for biofortification of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hermans
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 242, Bd du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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He J, Ma C, Ma Y, Li H, Kang J, Liu T, Polle A, Peng C, Luo ZB. Cadmium tolerance in six poplar species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:163-74. [PMID: 22669564 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Selection of poplar species with greater Cd tolerance and exploiting the physiological mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance are crucial for application of these species to phyto-remediation. The aim of this study is to investigate variation in Cd tolerance among the six poplar species and its underlying physiological mechanisms. Cuttings of six Populus species were cultivated for 10 weeks before exposure to either 0 or 200 μM CdSO(4) for 20 days. Gas exchange in mature leaves was determined by a portable photosynthesis system. Cd concentrations in tissues were analyzed by a flame atomic absorbance spectrometry. Subsequently, Cd amount per plant, bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (T (f)) were calculated. Nonenzymatic compounds and activities of antioxidative enzymes in tissues were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Cd exposure caused decline in photosynthesis in four poplar species including Populus cathayana (zhonghua 1). Among the six species, P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) displayed the highest Cd concentrations in tissues, the largest Cd amount in aerial parts, the highest BCF in aerial parts and T (f) under Cd exposure. Under Cd stress, increases in total soluble sugars in roots but decreases in starch in roots, wood, and leaves of P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) were found. Induced O (2) (•-) and H(2)O(2) production in roots and leaves, and increases in free proline, soluble phenolics, and activities of antioxidative enzymes were observed in P. cathayana (zhonghua 1). Based on results of this pot experiment, it is concluded that P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) is superior to other five species for Cd phyto-remediation, and its well-coordinated physiological changes under Cd exposure confer the great Cd tolerance of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali He
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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33
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Lin YF, Aarts MGM. The molecular mechanism of zinc and cadmium stress response in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3187-206. [PMID: 22903262 PMCID: PMC11114967 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
When plants are subjected to high metal exposure, different plant species take different strategies in response to metal-induced stress. Largely, plants can be distinguished in four groups: metal-sensitive species, metal-resistant excluder species, metal-tolerant non-hyperaccumulator species, and metal-hypertolerant hyperaccumulator species, each having different molecular mechanisms to accomplish their resistance/tolerance to metal stress or reduce the negative consequences of metal toxicity. Plant responses to heavy metals are molecularly regulated in a process called metal homeostasis, which also includes regulation of the metal-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway. ROS generation and signaling plays an important duel role in heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. In this review, we will compare the different molecular mechanisms of nutritional (Zn) and non-nutritional (Cd) metal homeostasis between metal-sensitive and metal-adapted species. We will also include the role of metal-induced ROS signal transduction in this comparison, with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview on how plants cope with Zn/Cd stress at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Lin
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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34
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Cherif J, Derbel N, Nakkach M, von Bergmann H, Jemal F, Lakhdar ZB. Spectroscopic studies of photosynthetic responses of tomato plants to the interaction of zinc and cadmium toxicity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 111:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Baxter I, Hermans C, Lahner B, Yakubova E, Tikhonova M, Verbruggen N, Chao DY, Salt DE. Biodiversity of mineral nutrient and trace element accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35121. [PMID: 22558123 PMCID: PMC3338729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to grow on soils that vary widely in chemical composition, plants have evolved mechanisms for regulating the elemental composition of their tissues to balance the mineral nutrient and trace element bioavailability in the soil with the requirements of the plant for growth and development. The biodiversity that exists within a species can be utilized to investigate how regulatory mechanisms of individual elements interact and to identify genes important for these processes. We analyzed the elemental composition (ionome) of a set of 96 wild accessions of the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana grown in hydroponic culture and soil using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of 17-19 elements were analyzed in roots and leaves from plants grown hydroponically, and leaves and seeds from plants grown in artificial soil. Significant genetic effects were detected for almost every element analyzed. We observed very few correlations between the elemental composition of the leaves and either the roots or seeds. There were many pairs of elements that were significantly correlated with each other within a tissue, but almost none of these pairs were consistently correlated across tissues and growth conditions, a phenomenon observed in several previous studies. These results suggest that the ionome of a plant tissue is variable, yet tightly controlled by genes and gene × environment interactions. The dataset provides a valuable resource for mapping studies to identify genes regulating elemental accumulation. All of the ionomic data is available at www.ionomicshub.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baxter
- Agricultural Research Service Plant Genetics Research Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, United States Department of Agriculture, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
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Shanmugam V, Tsednee M, Yeh KC. ZINC TOLERANCE INDUCED BY IRON 1 reveals the importance of glutathione in the cross-homeostasis between zinc and iron in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 69:1006-17. [PMID: 22066515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plants, but it is toxic in excess concentrations. In Arabidopsis, additional iron (Fe) can increase Zn tolerance. We isolated a mutant, zinc tolerance induced by iron 1, designated zir1, with a defect in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Using map-based cloning and genetic complementation, we identified that zir1 has a mutation of glutamate to lysine at position 385 on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), the enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis. The zir1 mutant contains only 15% of the wild-type glutathione level. Blocking glutathione biosynthesis in wild-type plants by a specific inhibitor of GSH1, buthionine sulfoximine, resulted in loss of Fe-mediated Zn tolerance, which provides further evidence that glutathione plays an essential role in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Two glutathione-deficient mutant alleles of GSH1, pad2-1 and cad2-1, which contain 22% and 39%, respectively, of the wild-type glutathione level, revealed that a minimal glutathione level between 22 and 39% of the wild-type level is required for Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Under excess Zn and Fe, the recovery of shoot Fe contents in pad2-1 and cad2-1 was lower than that of the wild type. However, the phytochelatin-deficient mutant cad1-3 showed normal Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. These results indicate a specific role of glutathione in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. The induced accumulation of glutathione in response to excess Zn and Fe suggests that glutathione plays a specific role in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance in Arabidopsis. We conclude that glutathione is required for the cross-homeostasis between Zn and Fe in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varanavasiappan Shanmugam
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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