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Mori G, Rahimian S, Ozawa R, Murata K, Hachisu M, Arimura GI. Development of Menthyl Esters of Valine for Pest Control in Tomato and Lettuce Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1015. [PMID: 38611544 PMCID: PMC11013592 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Menthyl ester of valine (MV) has been developed as a plant defense potentiator to induce pest resistance in crops. In this study, we attempted to establish MV hydrochloride (MV-HCl) in lettuce and tomato crops. When MV-HCl solutions were used to treat soil or leaves of potted tomato and lettuce plants, 1 µM MV-HCl solution applied to potted plant soil was most effective in increasing the transcript level of defense genes such as pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1). As a result, leaf damage caused by Spodoptera litura and oviposition by Tetranychus urticae were significantly reduced. In addition, MV-HCl-treated plants showed an increased ability to attract Phytoseiulus persimilis, a predatory mite of T. urticae, when they were attacked by T. urticae. Overall, our findings showed that MV-HCl is likely to be effective in promoting not only direct defense by activating defense genes, but also indirect defense mediated by herbivore-induced plant volatiles. Moreover, based on the results of the sustainability of PR1 expression in tomato plants treated with MV-HCl every 3 days, field trials were conducted and showed a 70% reduction in natural leaf damage. Our results suggest a practical approach to promoting organic tomato and lettuce production using this new plant defense potentiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Mori
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; (G.M.); (S.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Sarira Rahimian
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; (G.M.); (S.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan;
| | - Kenya Murata
- Manufacturing & Technical Support Group, Japan Carlit Co., Ltd., Shibukawa 377-0004, Japan;
| | - Masakazu Hachisu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; (G.M.); (S.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Gen-ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; (G.M.); (S.R.); (M.H.)
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Xu G, Zheng Q, Wei P, Zhang J, Liu P, Zhang H, Zhai N, Li X, Xu X, Chen Q, Cao P, Zhao J, Zhou H. Metabolic engineering of a 1,8-cineole synthase enhances aphid repellence and increases trichome density in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3342-3353. [PMID: 37132116 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is a harmful agricultural pest that causes severe crop damage by directly feeding or indirectly vectoring viruses. 1,8-cineole synthase (CINS) is a multiproduct enzyme that synthesizes monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole dominating the volatile organic compound profile. However, the relationship between aphid preference and CINS remains elusive. RESULTS Here, we present evidence that SoCINS, a protein from garden sage (Salvia officinalis), enhanced aphid repellence and increased trichome density in transgenic tobacco. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of SoCINS (SoCINS-OE) led to the emission of 1,8-cineole at a level of up to 181.5 ng per g fresh leaf. Subcellular localization assay showed that SoCINS localized to chloroplasts. A Y-tube olfactometer assay and free-choice assays revealed that SoCINS-OE plants had a repellent effect on aphids, without incurring developmental or fecundity-related penalties. Intriguingly, the SoCINS-OE plants displayed an altered trichome morphology, showing increases in trichome density and in the relative proportion of glandular trichomes, as well as enlarged glandular cells. We also found that SoCINS-OE plants had significantly higher jasmonic acid (JA) levels than wild-type plants. Furthermore, application of 1,8-cineole elicited increased JA content and trichome density. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that SoCINS-OE plants have a repellent effect on aphids, and suggest an apparent link between 1,8-cineole, JA and trichome density. This study presents a viable and sustainable approach for aphid management by engineering the expression of 1,8-cineole synthase gene in plants, and underscores the potential usefulness of monoterpene synthase for pest control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wei
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Niu Zhai
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Tobacco Research Center, Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xiangli Xu
- Tobacco Research Center, Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Qiansi Chen
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peijian Cao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Huina Zhou
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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Su S, Lei Y, Zhou X, Suzuki T, Xiao W, Higashiyama T. A BLADE-ON-PETIOLE orthologue regulates corolla differentiation in the proximal region in Torenia fournieri. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4763. [PMID: 37553331 PMCID: PMC10409793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional shape of a flower is integrated by morphogenesis along different axes. Differentiation along the petal proximodistal axis is tightly linked to the specification of pollinators; however, it is still unclear how a petal patterns this axis. The corolla of Torenia fournieri exhibits strong differentiation along the proximodistal axis, and we previously found a proximal regulator, TfALOG3, controlling corolla neck differentiation. Here, we report another gene, TfBOP2, which is predominantly expressed in the proximal region of the corolla. TfBOP2 mutants have shorter proximal corolla tubes and longer distal lobe, demonstrating its function as a proximal regulator. Arabidopsis BOPs mutant shows similar defects, favouring a shared role of BOPs homologues. Genetic analysis demonstrates the interaction between TfBOP2 and TfALOG3, and we further found that TfALOG3 physically interacts with TfBOP2 and can recruit TfBOP2 to the nuclear region. Our study favours a hypothetical shared BOP-ALOG complex that is recruited to regulate corolla differentiation in the proximal region axis of T. fournieri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Su
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yawen Lei
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, 510316, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Wei Xiao
- MBP-Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
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Huang X, Zhang H, Li H, Wang M, Guo X, Liu E, Han X, Zhen C, Li A, Shi W, Zhang Y. Functional characterization of a terpene synthase responsible for ( E)-β-ocimene biosynthesis identified in Pyrus betuleafolia transcriptome after herbivory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1077229. [PMID: 36479507 PMCID: PMC9720175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1077229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
(E)-β-ocimene, a ubiquitous monoterpene volatile in plants, is emitted from flowers to attract pollinators and/or from vegetative tissues as part of inducible defenses mediated by complex signaling networks when plants are attacked by insect herbivores. Wild pear species Pyrus betuleafolia used worldwide as rootstock generally displays valuable pest-resistant traits and is a promising genetic resource for pear breeding. In the current study, transcriptional changes in this wild pear species infested with a polyphagous herbivore Spodoptera litura and the underlying molecular mechanisms were fully investigated. A total of 3,118 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in damaged pear leaf samples. Spodoptera litura larvae infestation activated complex phytohormonal signaling networks in which jasmonic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, cytokinin, gibberellic acid and auxin pathways were induced, whereas salicylic acid and abscisic acid pathways were suppressed. All DEGs associated with growth-related photosynthesis were significantly downregulated, whereas most DEGs involved in defense-related early signaling events, transcription factors, green leaf volatiles and volatile terpenes were significantly upregulated. The PbeOCS (GWHGAAYT028729), a putative (E)-β-ocimene synthase gene, was newly identified in P. betuleafolia transcriptome. The upregulation of PbeOCS in S. litura-infested pear leaves supports a potential role for PbeOCS in herbivore-induced plant defenses. In enzyme-catalyzed reaction, recombinant PbeOCS utilized only geranyl pyrophosphate but not neryl diphosphate, farnesyl pyrophosphate or geranylgeranyl diphosphate as a substrate, producing (E)-β-ocimene as the major product and a trace amount of (Z)-β-ocimene. Moreover, as a catalytic product of PbeOCS, (E)-β-ocimene showed repellent effects on larvae of S. litura in dual-choice bioassays. What is more, (E)-β-ocimene increased mortalities of larvae in no-choice bioassays. These findings provide an overview of transcriptomic changes in wild pears in response to chewing herbivores and insights into (E)-β-ocimene biosynthesis in pear plants, which will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying pear-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzheng Huang
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Huali Li
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Enliang Liu
- Institute of Grain Crops, XinJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Congai Zhen
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Valea I, Motegi A, Kawamura N, Kawamoto K, Miyao A, Ozawa R, Takabayashi J, Gomi K, Nemoto K, Nozawa A, Sawasaki T, Shinya T, Galis I, Miyamoto K, Nojiri H, Okada K. The rice wound-inducible transcription factor RERJ1 sharing same signal transduction pathway with OsMYC2 is necessary for defense response to herbivory and bacterial blight. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:651-666. [PMID: 34476681 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study describes biological functions of the bHLH transcription factor RERJ1 involved in the jasmonate response and the related defense-associated metabolic pathways in rice, with particular focus on deciphering the regulatory mechanisms underlying stress-induced volatile emission and herbivory resistance. RERJ1 is rapidly and drastically induced by wounding and jasmonate treatment but its biological function remains unknown as yet. Here we provide evidence of the biological function of RERJ1 in plant defense, specifically in response to herbivory and pathogen attack, and offer insights into the RERJ1-mediated regulation of metabolic pathways of specialized defense compounds, such as monoterpene linalool, in possible collaboration with OsMYC2-a well-known master regulator in jasmonate signaling. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family transcription factor RERJ1 is induced under environmental stresses, such as wounding and drought, which are closely linked to jasmonate (JA) accumulation. Here, we investigated the biological function of RERJ1 in response to biotic stresses, such as herbivory and pathogen infection, using an RERJ1-defective mutant. Transcriptome analysis of the rerj1-Tos17 mutant revealed that RERJ1 regulated the expression of a typical family of conserved JA-responsive genes (e.g., terpene synthases, proteinase inhibitors, and jasmonate ZIM domain proteins). Upon exposure to armyworm attack, the rerj1-Tos17 mutant exhibited more severe damage than the wildtype, and significant weight gain of the larvae fed on the mutant was observed. Upon Xanthomonas oryzae infection, the rerj1-Tos17 mutant developed more severe symptoms than the wildtype. Among RERJ1-regulated terpene synthases, linalool synthase expression was markedly disrupted and linalool emission after wounding was significantly decreased in the rerj1-Tos17 mutant. RERJ1 appears to interact with OsMYC2-a master regulator of JA signaling-and many OsJAZ proteins, although no obvious epistatic interaction was detected between them at the transcriptional level. These results indicate that RERJ1 is involved in the transcriptional induction of JA-mediated stress-responsive genes via physical association with OsMYC2 and mediates defense against herbivory and bacterial infection through JA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Valea
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Atsushi Motegi
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoko Kawamura
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akio Miyao
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Junji Takabayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Keiichirou Nemoto
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Nozawa
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nojiri
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Sun Y, Zhang PT, Kou DR, Han YC, Fang JC, Ni JP, Jiang B, Wang X, Zhang YJ, Wang W, Kong XD. Terpene Synthases in Rice Pan-Genome and Their Responses to Chilo suppressalis Larvae Infesting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:905982. [PMID: 35668795 PMCID: PMC9164016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthase (TPS) catalyzes the synthesis of terpenes and plays an important role in plant defense. This study identified 45 OsTPS genes (32 core genes and 13 variable genes) based on the high-quality rice gene-based pan-genome. This indicates limitations in OsTPS gene studies based on a single reference genome. In the present study, through collinearity between multiple rice genomes, one OsTPS gene absent in the reference (Nipponbare) genome was found and two TPS genes in the reference genome were found to have atypical structures, which would have been ignored in single genome analysis. OsTPS genes were divided into five groups and TPS-b was lost according to the phylogenetic tree. OsTPSs in TPS-c and TPS-g were all core genes indicating these two groups were stable during domestication. In addition, through the analysis of transcriptome data, some structural variations were found to affect the expression of OsTPS genes. Through the Ka/Ks calculation of OsTPS genes, we found that different OsTPS genes were under different selection pressure during domestication; for example, OsTPS22 and OsTPS29 experienced stronger positive selection than the other OsTPS genes. After Chilo suppressalis larvae infesting, 25 differentially expressed OsTPS genes were identified, which are involved in the diterpene phytoalexins precursors biosynthesis and ent-kaurene biosynthesis pathways. Overall, the present study conducted a bioinformatics analysis of OsTPS genes using a high-quality rice pan-genome, which provided a basis for further study of OsTPS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Pei-tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Dou-rong Kou
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yang-chun Han
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-chao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yong-jun Zhang
- Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Wuhu Qingyijiang Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Wuhu, China
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Song GC, Jeon JS, Sim HJ, Lee S, Jung J, Kim SG, Moon SY, Ryu CM. Dual functionality of natural mixtures of bacterial volatile compounds on plant growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:571-583. [PMID: 34679179 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria emit volatile compounds that modulate plant growth. Previous studies reported the impacts of bacterial volatile compounds on plant growth; however, the results varied depending on bacterial nutrient availability. We investigated whether the effects of plant growth-inhibiting volatiles (PGIVs) and plant growth-promoting volatiles (PGPVs) depended on the perceived dose by evaluating the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings placed at 7, 14, and 21 cm away from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 colonies growing in rich medium. A large bacterial colony (500 μl inoculum) inhibited plant growth at 7 cm and promoted growth at 21 cm, whereas a small bacterial colony (100 μl inoculum) induced the opposite pattern of response. We identified pyrazine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine as candidate PGIVs that significantly reduced plant growth at a distance of 7 cm. PGIV effects were validated by exposing plants to synthetic 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and bacteria emitting PGPVs, which showed that PGIVs overwhelm PGPVs to rapidly increase salicylic acid content and related gene expression. This is referred to as the defence-growth trade-off. Our results indicate that high PGIV concentrations suppress plant growth and promote immunity, whereas low PGPV concentrations promote growth. This study provides novel insights into the complex effects of bacterial volatile mixtures and fine-tuning of bacteria-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, S. Korea
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup, Jinju 52834, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
| | - Jihye Jung
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, S. Korea
| | - Sun Young Moon
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, S. Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, S. Korea
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8
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SHIN SD, KIM CS, LEE JH. Compositional characteristics and antibacterial activity of essential oils in citrus hybrid peels. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.95921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Silva DB, Jiménez A, Urbaneja A, Pérez-Hedo M, Bento JM. Changes in plant responses induced by an arthropod influence the colonization behavior of a subsequent herbivore. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4168-4180. [PMID: 33938117 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants in nature can be sequentially attacked by different arthropod herbivores. Feeding by one arthropod species may induce plant-defense responses that might affect the performance of a later-arriving herbivorous species. Understanding these interactions can help in developing pest-management strategies. In tomato, the sweet-potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci and the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae are key pests that frequently cohabit on the same plant. We studied whether colonization by one species can either facilitate or impede later colonization of tomato plants by conspecific or heterospecific individuals. RESULTS B. tabaci females showed a strong preference for and increased oviposition on plants previously colonized by conspecifics. In contrast, plants infested with T. urticae repelled B. tabaci females and reduced their oviposition rate by 86%. Although females of T. urticae showed no preference between conspecific-infested or uninfested plants, we observed a 50% reduction in the number of eggs laid on conspecific-infested plants. Both herbivorous arthropods up-regulated the expression of genes involving the jasmonic acid and abscisic acid pathways, increasing emissions of fatty-acid derivatives, but only B. tabaci increased the expression of genes related to the salicylic acid pathway and the total amount of phenylpropanoids released. Terpenoids were the most abundant compounds in the volatile blends; many terpenoids were emitted at different rates, which might have influenced the arthropods' host selection. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that B. tabaci infestation facilitated subsequent infestations by conspecifics and mites, while T. urticae infestation promoted herbivore-induced resistance. Based on both the molecular and behavioral findings, a novel sustainable pest-management strategy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego B Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luis de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luis de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Department of Entomology, University of Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Meritxell Pérez-Hedo
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Ms Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luis de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Perez-Sanz F, Ruiz-Hernández V, Terry MI, Arce-Gallego S, Weiss J, Navarro PJ, Egea-Cortines M. gcProfileMakeR: An R Package for Automatic Classification of Constitutive and Non-Constitutive Metabolites. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040211. [PMID: 33807334 PMCID: PMC8065537 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomes comprise constitutive and non-constitutive metabolites produced due to physiological, genetic or environmental effects. However, finding constitutive metabolites and non-constitutive metabolites in large datasets is technically challenging. We developed gcProfileMakeR, an R package using standard Excel output files from an Agilent Chemstation GC-MS for automatic data analysis using CAS numbers. gcProfileMakeR has two filters for data preprocessing removing contaminants and low-quality peaks. The first function NormalizeWithinFiles, samples assigning retention times to CAS. The second function NormalizeBetweenFiles, reaches a consensus between files where compounds in close retention times are grouped together. The third function getGroups, establishes what is considered as Constitutive Profile, Non-constitutive by Frequency i.e., not present in all samples and Non-constitutive by Quality. Results can be plotted with the plotGroup function. We used it to analyse floral scent emissions in four snapdragon genotypes. These included a wild type, Deficiens nicotianoides and compacta affecting floral identity and RNAi:AmLHY targeting a circadian clock gene. We identified differences in scent constitutive and non-constitutive profiles as well as in timing of emission. gcProfileMakeR is a very useful tool to define constitutive and non-constitutive scent profiles. It also allows to analyse genotypes and circadian datasets to identify differing metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Perez-Sanz
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | | | - Marta I. Terry
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (M.I.T.); (J.W.)
| | | | - Julia Weiss
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (M.I.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Pedro J. Navarro
- DSIE Cuartel de Antiguones, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain;
| | - Marcos Egea-Cortines
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (M.I.T.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868071078
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Liu D, Li W, An X, Ghasemzadeh S, Huang X, Chen J, Kou J, Sun P, Zhang Y. Engineering Nicotiana tabacum for the de novo biosynthesis of DMNT to regulate orientation behavior of the parasitoid wasps Microplitis mediator. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:502-509. [PMID: 32816401 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT), one of the homoterpenes, is thought to contribute to plant indirect defense against insect herbivores. DMNT-enriched plants have great application potential to regulate insect behavior in the 'push & pull' strategy of pest management. However, de novo biosynthesis of DMNT in plants without a homoterpene metabolic pathway in their wild type is still not achieved, and the role of DMNT played in these plants and their interacted insects remains unclear. RESULTS Cytochrome P450s and terpene synthases involved in homoterpenes biosynthesis in cotton plants were employed to generate DMNT-releasing tobacco plants. Single GhTPS14 transgenic Nicotiana tabacum only emitted (E)-nerolidol, the precursor of DMNT. Transgenic tobaccos expressing single GhCYP82Ls were unable to produce DMNT or TMTT, while DMNT was detected when exogenous (E)-nerolidol was added. Compared to wild-type plants, only co-expression of GhCYP82Ls and GhTPS14 in transgenic tobaccos triggered the constitutive release of single-component DMNT. Furthermore, DMNT-emitting transgenic tobacco plants, whether infested with Helicoverpa armigera larvae or not, significantly incited orientation behavior of parasitoid wasps Microplitis mediator. CONCLUSION Wild type N. tabacum plants have no DMNT metabolic pathway. DMNT could be de novo biosynthesized via co-expression of GhCYP82Ls and GhTPS14. What is more, the parasitoid wasp M. mediator could be recruited by DMNT-releasing transgenic tobaccos, especially by H. armigera-infested transgenic tobaccos, suggesting the potential roles of engineered N. tabacum in regulating the behavioral preference of M. mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingkui An
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Somayyeh Ghasemzadeh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyin Chen
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ding G, Zhang S, Ma B, Liang J, Li H, Luo Y, He N. Origin and functional differentiation of (E)-β-ocimene synthases reflect the expansion of monoterpenes in angiosperms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6571-6586. [PMID: 32720987 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of new metabolic activities is a major force driving evolution. We explored, from the perspectives of gene family expansion and the evolutionary adaptability of proteins, how new functions have arisen in which terpene synthases diverged. Monoterpenoids are diverse natural compounds that can be divided into cyclic and acyclic skeleton forms according to their chemical structure. We demonstrate, through phylogenetic reconstructions and genome synteny analyses, that the (E)-β-ocimene synthases, which are acyclic monoterpene synthases (mTPSs), appear to have arisen several times in independent lineages during plant evolution. Bioinformatics analyses and classical mutation experiments identified four sites (I388, F420, S446, and F485) playing important roles in the neofunctionalization of mTPSs. Incubation of neryl diphosphate with Salvia officinalis 1,8-cineole synthase (SCS) and mutated proteins show that these four sites obstruct the isomerization of geranyl diphosphate. Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical molecular dynamics simulations of models of SCS, SCSY420F/I446S, and SCSN338I/Y420F/I446S/L485F with (3R)-linalyl diphosphate suggest that mutations changed the configuration of the intermediate to obtain new activities. These results provide new perspectives on the evolution of mTPSs, explain the convergent evolution of (E)-β-ocimene synthases at the molecular level, and identify key residues to control the specificity of engineered mTPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiubo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Mint companion plants attract the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1704. [PMID: 30737441 PMCID: PMC6368615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mint plants could theoretically serve as companion plants (CPs) that attract enemies of herbivores in tritrophic interactions. In order to explore the traits of mint volatiles as attractant cues for enemies of two-spotted spider mites, we performed Y-tube olfactometer assays of predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus, towards three mint species, apple mint, candy mint, and spearmint, as odor source. Clean candy mint and spearmint were attractive to P. persimilis, when compared with clean air and undamaged Phaseolus vulgaris plants serving as the target crop. Moreover, clean candy mint plants were even more attractive than volatiles from P. vulgaris plants damaged by spider mites. These predator responses were induced additively by candy mint volatiles plus volatiles from damaged P. vulgaris plants, as shown using both Y-tube olfactometer and open-space assay systems. However, the number of spider mite eggs consumed by P. persimilis on P. vulgaris plants did not differ in the presence compared to the absence of mint volatiles, indicating that mint volatiles affect the attraction but not the appetite of P. persimilis. Together, these findings suggest that the use of candy mint and spearmint as CPs is an ideal platform for spider mite pest management via the attraction of predatory mites.
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Liu B, Kaurilind E, Jiang Y, Niinemets Ü. Methyl salicylate differently affects benzenoid and terpenoid volatile emissions in Betula pendula. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1513-1525. [PMID: 29931321 PMCID: PMC6863746 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is a long-distance signal transduction chemical that plays an important role in plant responses to abiotic stress and herbivore and pathogen attacks. However, it is unclear how photosynthesis and elicitation of plant volatile organic compounds (VOC) from different metabolic pathways respond to the dose of MeSA. We applied different MeSA concentrations (0-50 mM) to study how exogenous MeSA alters VOC profiles of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) leaves from application through recovery (0.5-23 h). Methyl salicylate application significantly reduced net assimilation rate in 10 mM and 20 mM MeSA-treated plants. No significant effects of MeSA were observed on the stomatal conductance at any MeSA concentration. Methyl salicylate elicited emissions of benzenoids (BZ), monoterpenes (MT) and fatty acid derived compounds (LOX products). Emission rates of BZ were positively, but emission rates of MT were negatively correlated with MeSA concentration. Total emission of LOX products was not influenced by MeSA concentration. Emission rate of MT was negatively correlated with BZ and the share of MT in the total emission blend decreased and the share of BZ increased with increasing MeSA concentration. Although the share of LOX products was similar across MeSA treatments, some LOX products responded differently to MeSA concentration, ultimately resulting in unique VOC blends. Overall, this study demonstrates inverse responses of MT and BZ to different MeSA doses such that plant defense mechanisms induced by lower MeSA doses mainly lead to enhanced MT synthesis, whereas greater MeSA doses trigger BZ-related defense mechanisms. Our results will contribute to improving the understanding of birch defenses induced upon regular herbivore attacks and pathogen infections in boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life
Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life
Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life
Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life
Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
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15
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Thomas da Silva D, Pinheiro CG, Bianchini NH, Batista BF, Diefenthaeler J, Brião Muniz MDF, Heinzmann BM. Microbiological damage influences the content, chemical composition and the antifungal activity of essential oils in a wild-growing population of Ocotea lancifolia (Schott) Mez. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2018.1439409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Thomas da Silva
- Graduation Program in Forest Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Carlos Garrido Pinheiro
- Graduation Program in Forest Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Nadia Helena Bianchini
- Graduation Program in Forest Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Fontana Batista
- Graduation Program in Forest Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jorge Diefenthaeler
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marlove de Fátima Brião Muniz
- Graduation Program in Forest Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Phytosanitary Defense, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Graduation Program in Forest Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Turlings TCJ, Erb M. Tritrophic Interactions Mediated by Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles: Mechanisms, Ecological Relevance, and Application Potential. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 63:433-452. [PMID: 29324043 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivores, and their natural enemies are an integral part of all terrestrial ecosystems. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play a key role in these interactions, as they can attract predators and parasitoids to herbivore-attacked plants. Thirty years after this discovery, the ecological importance of the phenomena is widely recognized. However, the primary function of HIPVs is still subject to much debate, as is the possibility of using these plant-produced cues in crop protection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of HIPVs in tritrophic interactions from an ecological as well as a mechanistic perspective. This overview focuses on the main gaps in our knowledge of tritrophic interactions, and we argue that filling these gaps will greatly facilitate efforts to exploit HIPVs for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland;
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland;
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17
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Huang XZ, Xiao YT, Köllner TG, Jing WX, Kou JF, Chen JY, Liu DF, Gu SH, Wu JX, Zhang YJ, Guo YY. The terpene synthase gene family in Gossypium hirsutum harbors a linalool synthase GhTPS12 implicated in direct defence responses against herbivores. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:261-274. [PMID: 29044662 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced terpenes have been reported to function as ecological signals in plant-insect interactions. Here, we showed that insect-induced cotton volatile blends contained 16 terpenoid compounds with a relatively high level of linalool. The high diversity of terpene production is derived from a large terpene synthase (TPS) gene family. The TPS gene family of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium raimondii consist of 46 and 41 members, respectively. Twelve TPS genes (GhTPS4-15) could be isolated, and protein expression in Escherichia coli revealed catalytic activity for eight GhTPS. The upregulation of the majority of these eight genes additionally supports the function of these genes in herbivore-induced volatile biosynthesis. Furthermore, transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants overexpressing GhTPS12 were generated, which produced relatively large amounts of (3S)-linalool. In choice tests, female adults of Helicoverpa armigera laid fewer eggs on transgenic plants compared with non-transformed controls. Meanwhile, Myzus persicae preferred feeding on wild-type leaves over leaves of transgenic plants. Our findings demonstrate that transcript accumulation of multiple TPS genes is mainly responsible for the production and diversity of herbivore-induced volatile terpenes in cotton. Also, these genes might play roles in plant defence, in particular, direct defence responses against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Wei-Xia Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun-Feng Kou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shao-Hua Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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18
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Tu H, Qin Y. Repellent Effects of Different Celery Varieties in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Biotype Q. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1307-1316. [PMID: 28431083 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Y-tube olfactometer and net cages experiments were used to investigate the repellent effects of different celery varieties in biotype Q of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), on cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae). Y-tube olfactometer tests showed that whiteflies have strong repellent behavior to different celery varieties. Intercropping different celery varieties with cucumbers had significant repellent effects and oviposition deterrent effects in whiteflies. Results obtained demonstrated that the Western Europe celery varieties, Juventus and Ventura, and the Chinese celery variety, Jinnan, had good repellent efficacy against the whitefly. D-Limonene, β-myrcene, and (E)-β-ocimene might be the main active components in celery that affected the selection behavior of B. tabaci. In Western Europe celery varieties, D-limonene was the main volatile component for the repellent effects in B. tabaci; however, the two Chinese celery varieties that showed repellent effects had relatively higher volatilization quantities of β-myrcene than of D-limonene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Tu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China ( )
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China ( )
| | - Yuchuan Qin
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China ( )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Qu SX, Ma L, Li HP, Song JD, Hong XY. Chemosensory proteins involved in host recognition in the stored-food mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1508-1516. [PMID: 26515037 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) have been proposed to transport a range of aliphatic compounds, esters and other long-chain compounds. A large number of CSPs from different gene subfamilies have been identified and annotated in arthropods; however, the CSP genes in mites remain unknown. Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank is an important stored-product and house-dust pest. RESULTS By analysing the transcriptome, two putative CSPs were identified, namely TputCSP1 and TputCSP2 (14.9 kDa and 12.1 kDa respectively). The phylogenetic tree showed that the two TputCSPs shared most homology with CSPs in Ixodes scapularis and partially with Diptera, including Anopheles gambiae, Drosophila melanogaster, D. pseudoobscura, D. simulans, Delia antiqua and Culex quinquefasciatus. Additionally, they had similar secondary structure. The 3D models revealed that there are six α-helices enclosing the hydrophobic ligand binding pocket. Based on a docking study, we found that three ligands, (-)-alloaromadendrene, 2-methylnaphthalene and cyclopentadecane, had high binding affinities for TputCSP1. Moreover, the TputCSP2 protein had a higher inhibition constant with different affinities to all test ligands from host volatile substances. CONCLUSION The two CSPs have distinct physiological functions. TputCSP1 may mediate host recognition. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xuan Qu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Di Song
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Zu P, Blanckenhorn WU, Schiestl FP. Heritability of floral volatiles and pleiotropic responses to artificial selection in Brassica rapa. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1208-1219. [PMID: 26391626 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the vast diversity of floral volatiles is little understood, although they serve fundamental functions, such as pollinator attraction and herbivore deterrence. Floral volatiles are often species specific, yet highly variable and sensitive to environmental factors. To date, nothing is known about the heritability of floral volatiles, and whether individual compounds can evolve independently or solely in concert with the whole volatile bouquet. We conducted bi-directional artificial selection on four target floral volatiles to estimate heritability and correlated pleiotropic responses in the wild turnip (Brassica rapa). The realized heritability of the four target volatiles ranged from 20% to 45%. The average narrow-sense heritability of all 13 analyzed floral volatiles was 18% based on parent-offspring regressions. There were pleiotropic effects of the selected floral volatile compounds on other constituents of the floral scent bouquet, on flowering time and on some morphological traits. We found that the whole floral scent bouquet changed, even when there was selection only on single compounds, with the overall phenotypic covariance being unaffected. Our study demonstrates that floral scent can evolve rapidly under phenotypic selection, but with additional correlated responses in traits that are not direct targets of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjuan Zu
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian P Schiestl
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Cascone P, Iodice L, Maffei ME, Bossi S, Arimura GI, Guerrieri E. Tobacco overexpressing β-ocimene induces direct and indirect responses against aphids in receiver tomato plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 173:28-32. [PMID: 25462075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade plant-to-plant communication has received an increasing attention, particularly for the role of Volatile Organic Compounds as possible elicitors of plant defense. The role of β-ocimene as an interspecific elicitor of plant defense has been recently assessed in multitrophic systems including different plant species (Solanaceae, Poaceae, legumes) and different pest species including chewer insects and phytophagous mites. Both chewer insects and phytophagous mites are known to elicit specific plant defensive pathways which are different (at least in part) from those elicited by sap feeders. The aim of this research was to fill this gap of knowledge and to assess the role of β-ocimene as an elicitor of plant defense against aphid pests, which are sap feeders. For this purpose we used as transgenic tobacco plant releasing an odour plume enriched in this compound as emitter and a tomato plant as receiver. We selected the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae and its natural enemy, the parasitoid Aphidius ervi, as the targets of plant induced defense. Tomato plant defense induced by β-ocimene was assessed by characterizing the aphid performance in terms of fixing behaviour, development and reproduction (direct plant defense) and the parasitoid performance in terms of attraction towards tomato plants (indirect plant defense). The characterization of tomato response to β-ocimene was completed by the identification of Volatile Organic Compounds as released by conditioned tomato plants. Tomato plants that were exposed to the volatiles of transgenic tobacco enriched in β-ocimene resulted in less suitable for the aphids in respect to control ones (direct defense). On tomato plants "elicited" by β-ocimene we recorded: a significant lower number of aphids settled; a significant lower number newborn nymphs; a significant lower weight of aphids feeding. In addition, tomato plants "elicited" by β-ocimene resulted became more attractive towards the parasitoid A. ervi than control ones. These results could be explained at least in part by examining the composition of the Volatile Organic Compounds released by tomato plants "elicited" by β-ocimene. Indeed, we found a significantly higher release of several compounds including methyl salicylate and cis-3-hexen-1-ol. These two compounds have been demonstrated to impair aphid development and reproduction and to be involved in the attraction of the aphid parasitoid A. ervi. By considering the ubiquity of β-ocimene and its ability to regulate the communication of plants belonging 30 to different species (if not families), we concluded that this compound is an ideal candidate for new 31 strategies of sustainable control of agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cascone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Luigi Iodice
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Bossi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Gen-Ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici (NA), Italy.
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Irmisch S, Jiang Y, Chen F, Gershenzon J, Köllner TG. Terpene synthases and their contribution to herbivore-induced volatile emission in western balsam poplar (Populus trichocarpa). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:270. [PMID: 25303804 PMCID: PMC4197230 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a response to caterpillar feeding, poplar releases a complex mixture of volatiles which comprises several classes of compounds. Poplar volatiles have been reported to function as signals in plant-insect interactions and intra- and inter-plant communication. Although the volatile blend is dominated by mono- and sesquiterpenes, there is much to be learned about their formation in poplar. RESULTS Here we report the terpene synthase (TPS) gene family of western balsam poplar (Populus trichocarpa) consisting of 38 members. Eleven TPS genes (PtTPS5-15) could be isolated from gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)-damaged P. trichocarpa leaves and heterologous expression in Escherichia coli revealed TPS activity for ten of the encoded enzymes. Analysis of TPS transcript abundance in herbivore-damaged leaves and undamaged control leaves showed that seven of the genes, PtTPS6, PtTPS7, PtTPS9, PtTPS10, PtTPS12, PtTPS13 and PtTPS15, were significantly upregulated after herbivory. Gypsy moth-feeding on individual leaves of P. trichocarpa trees resulted in induced volatile emission from damaged leaves, but not from undamaged adjacent leaves. Moreover, the concentration of jasmonic acid and its isoleucine conjugates as well as PtTPS6 gene expression were exclusively increased in the damaged leaves, suggesting that no systemic induction occurred within the tree. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the formation of herbivore-induced volatile terpenes in P. trichocarpa is mainly regulated by transcript accumulation of multiple TPS genes and is likely mediated by jasmonates. The specific local emission of volatiles from herbivore-damaged leaves might help herbivore enemies to find their hosts or prey in the tree canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Irmisch
- />Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Yifan Jiang
- />Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- />Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996, USA
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- />Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- />Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
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Tahmasebi Z, Mohammadi H, Arimura GI, Muroi A, Kant MR. Herbivore-induced indirect defense across bean cultivars is independent of their degree of direct resistance. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2014; 63:217-39. [PMID: 24531863 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We tested the extent to which resistance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae parallels the extent to which these plants display indirect defenses via the induced attraction of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. First, via field and greenhouse trials on 19 commercial bean cultivars, we selected two spider mite-resistant (Naz and Ks41128) and two susceptible (Akthar and G11867) cultivars and measured the spider mite-induced volatiles and the subsequently induced attraction of predatory mites via olfactory choice assays. The two major volatiles, 4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT) and (Z)-3-hexenyl-acetate, were induced in the resistant but not in the susceptible cultivars. However, uninfested susceptible cultivars emitted these volatiles at levels similar to those of mite-infested resistant cultivars. Significant induction of several minor components was observed for all four cultivars except for the infested-susceptible cultivar G11867. Both, the spider mite-resistant cultivar Naz and the susceptible cultivar G11867, attracted more predatory mites when they were infested. In contrast, spider mites induced increased emission of two major and five minor volatiles in Ks41128, but predatory mites did not discriminate between infested and uninfested plants. Overall, the attraction of predatory mites appeared to correlate positively with the presence of TMTT and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and negatively with β-caryophyllene and α-pinene in the bean headspace. Taken together, our data suggest that resistance and attraction of natural enemies via induced volatiles are independent traits. We argue that it should be possible to cross predator-attraction promoting traits into resistant cultivars that lack sufficiently inducible indirect defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tahmasebi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran,
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Nishihara M, Yamada E, Saito M, Fujita K, Takahashi H, Nakatsuka T. Molecular characterization of mutations in white-flowered torenia plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:86. [PMID: 24694353 PMCID: PMC4234012 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.) is a model plant increasingly exploited in studies in various disciplines, including plant engineering, biochemistry, physiology, and ecology. Additionally, cultivars with different flower colors have been bred and made commercially available. Flower color in torenia is mainly attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins, but the molecular mechanisms inducing flower color mutations in torenia have not been well elucidated. In this study, we therefore attempted to identify the cause of white coloration in torenia by comparing the white-flowered cultivar Crown White (CrW) with Crown Violet (CrV), a violet-flowered variety. RESULTS In an expression analysis, no flavanone 3-hydroxylase (TfF3H) transcript accumulation was detected in CrW petals. Sequence analyses revealed that a novel long terminal repeat (LTR)-type retrotransposable element, designated as TORE1 (Torenia retrotransposon 1), is inserted into the 5'-upstream region of the TfF3H gene in CrW. A transient expression assay using torenia F3H promoters with or without TORE1 insertion showed that the TORE1 insertion substantially suppressed F3H promoter activity, suggesting that this insertion is responsible for the absence of F3H transcripts in white petals. Furthermore, a transformation experiment demonstrated that the introduction of a foreign gentian F3H cDNA, GtF3H, into CrW was able to recover pink-flower pigmentation, indicating that F3H deficiency is indeed the cause of the colorless flower phenotype in CrW. Detailed sequence analysis also identified deletion mutations in flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (TfF3'H) and flavonoid 3',5'- hydroxylase (TfF3'5'H) genes, but these were not directly responsible for white coloration in this cultivar. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, a novel retrotransposable element, TORE1, inserted into the F3H 5'-upstream region is the cause of deficient F3H transcripts in white-flowered torenia, thereby leading to reduced petal anthocyanin levels. This is the first report of a retrotransposable element involved in flower color mutation in the genus Torenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nishihara
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Eri Yamada
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Misa Saito
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Kohei Fujita
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakatsuka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Brillada C, Nishihara M, Shimoda T, Garms S, Boland W, Maffei ME, Arimura GI. Metabolic engineering of the C16 homoterpene TMTT in Lotus japonicus through overexpression of (E,E)-geranyllinalool synthase attracts generalist and specialist predators in different manners. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:1200-11. [PMID: 23952336 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant defenses against herbivores include the emission of specific blends of volatiles, which enable plants to attract natural enemies of herbivores. We characterized a plastidial terpene synthase gene, PlTPS2, from lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus). The recombinant PlTPS2 protein was multifunctional, producing linalool, (E)-nerolidol and (E,E)-geranyllinalool, precursors of (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene [TMTT]. Transgenic Lotus japonicus and Nicotiana tabacum plants, expressing PlTPS2 or its homolog Medicago truncatula TPS3 (MtTPS3), were produced and used for bioassays with herbivorous and predatory mites. Transgenic L. japonicus plants expressing PlTPS2 produced (E,E)-geranyllinalool and TMTT, whereas wild-type plants and transgenic plants expressing MtTPS3 did not. Transgenic N. tabacum expressing PlTPS2 produced (E,E)-geranyllinalool but not TMTT. Moreover, in olfactory assays, the generalist predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus but not the specialist Phytoseiulus persimilis was attracted to uninfested, transgenic L. japonicus plants expressing PlTPS2 over wild-type plants. The specialist P. persimilis was more strongly attracted by the transgenic plants infested with spider mites than by infested wild-type plants. Predator responses to transgenic plant volatile TMTT depend on various background volatiles endogenously produced by the transgenic plants. Therefore, the manipulation of TMTT is an ideal platform for pest control via the attraction of generalist and specialist predators in different manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Brillada
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan; Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, Innovation Centre, University of Turin, 10135, Turin, Italy
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Nishihara M, Shimoda T, Nakatsuka T, Arimura GI. Frontiers of torenia research: innovative ornamental traits and study of ecological interaction networks through genetic engineering. PLANT METHODS 2013; 9:23. [PMID: 23803155 PMCID: PMC3701481 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-9-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in research in the past few years on the ornamental plant torenia (Torenia spps.) have made it notable as a model plant on the frontier of genetic engineering aimed at studying ornamental characteristics and pest control in horticultural ecosystems. The remarkable advantage of torenia over other ornamental plant species is the availability of an easy and high-efficiency transformation system for it. Unfortunately, most of the current torenia research is still not very widespread, because this species has not become prominent as an alternative to other successful model plants such as Arabidopsis, snapdragon and petunia. However, nowadays, a more global view using not only a few selected models but also several additional species are required for creating innovative ornamental traits and studying horticultural ecosystems. We therefore introduce and discuss recent research on torenia, the family Scrophulariaceae, for secondary metabolite bioengineering, in which global insights into horticulture, agriculture and ecology have been advanced. Floral traits, in torenia particularly floral color, have been extensively studied by manipulating the flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in flower organs. Plant aroma, including volatile terpenoids, has also been genetically modulated in order to understand the complicated nature of multi-trophic interactions that affect the behavior of predators and pollinators in the ecosystem. Torenia would accordingly be of great use for investigating both the variation in ornamental plants and the infochemical-mediated interactions with arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Shimoda
- National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakatsuka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Gen-ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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Ozawa R, Nishimura O, Yazawa S, Muroi A, Takabayashi J, Arimura GI. Temperature-dependent, behavioural, and transcriptional variability of a tritrophic interaction consisting of bean, herbivorous mite, and predator. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:5624-35. [PMID: 23043221 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Different organisms compensate for, and adapt to, environmental changes in different ways. In this way, environmental changes affect animal-plant interactions. In this study, we assessed the effect of temperature on a tritrophic system of the lima bean, the herbivorous spider mite Tetranychus urticae and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. In this system, the plant defends itself against T. urticae by emitting volatiles that attract P. persimilis. Over 20-40 °C, the emission of volatiles by infested plants and the subsequent attraction of P. persimilis peaked at 30 °C, but the number of eggs laid by T. urticae adults and the number of eggs consumed by P. persimilis peaked at 35 °C. This indicates that the spider mites and predatory mites performed best at a higher temperature than that at which most volatile attractants were produced. Our data from transcriptome pyrosequencing of the mites found that P. persimilis up-regulated gene families for heat shock proteins (HSPs) and ubiquitin-associated proteins, whereas T. urticae did not. RNA interference-mediated gene suppression in P. persimilis revealed differences in temperature responses. Predation on T. urticae eggs by P. persimilis that had been fed PpHsp70-1 dsRNA was low at 35 °C but not at 25 °C when PpHsp70-1 expression was very high. Overall, our molecular and behavioural approaches revealed that the mode and tolerance of lima bean, T. urticae and P. persimilis are distinctly affected by temperature variability, thereby making their tritrophic interactions temperature dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
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Muroi A, Matsui K, Shimoda T, Kihara H, Ozawa R, Ishihara A, Nishihara M, Arimura GI. Acquired immunity of transgenic torenia plants overexpressing agmatine coumaroyltransferase to pathogens and herbivore pests. Sci Rep 2012; 2:689. [PMID: 23008754 PMCID: PMC3449287 DOI: 10.1038/srep00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the ability of transgenic torenia (Scrophulariaceae) plants to resist fungi and arthropod herbivores. Torenia hybrida cv. Summerwave Blue was manipulated to produce Arabidopsis agmatine coumaroyltransferase (AtACT). This catalyses the last step in the biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) which function in defence. Transgenic plants accumulated substantial HCAAs, predominantly p-coumaroylagmatine, and the HCAAs were isomerized from the trans-form to the cis-form in planta. The transgenic line, accumulated the highest amount of endogenous HCAAs (CouAgm at 32.2 µM and total HCAAs at 47.5 µM) and this line was resistant to the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. There was no resistance, however, in their wild-type progenitors or in other transgenic lines accumulating low HCAA amounts. In contrast, the transformants were not significantly resistant to three representative herbivores, Frankliniella occidentalis, Aphis gossypii, and Tetranychus ludeni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Muroi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
- Cell-free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Takeshi Shimoda
- National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Hirotomo Kihara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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