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Zhang X, Feng S, Yang X, Peng Y, Du M, Zhang R, Sima J, Zou F, Wu X, Wang Y, Gao X, Luo Y, Zhang M. Neuroelectrophysiological alteration associated with cognitive flexibility after 24 h sleep deprivation in adolescents. Conscious Cogn 2024; 124:103734. [PMID: 39096822 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The cognitive neural mechanisms by which sleep deprivation affects cognitive flexibility are poorly understood. Therefore, the study investigated the neuroelectrophysiological basis of the effect of 24 h sleep deprivation on cognitive flexibility in adolescents. 72 participants (36 females, mean age ± SD=20.46 ± 2.385 years old) participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the sleep deprivation group and control group. They were instructed to complete a task switch paradigm, during which participants' behavioral and electroencephalographic data were recorded. Behaviorally, there were significant between-group differences in accuracy. The results of event-related potential showed that the P2, N2 and P3 components had significant group effects or interaction effects. At the time-frequency level, there were statistically significant differences between the delta and theta bands. These results suggested that 24 h sleep deprivation affected problem-solving effectiveness rather than efficiency, mainly because it systematically impaired cognitive processing associated with cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Shuqing Feng
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaochen Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yunwen Peng
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Mei Du
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiashan Sima
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng Zou
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaomeng Gao
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yanyan Luo
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China.
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Li D, Liu R, Ye F, Li R, Li X, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhou J, Wang G. Modulation of brain function and antidepressant effects by transcranial alternating current stimulation in patients with major depressive disorder: Evidence from ERP. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:1-8. [PMID: 38824877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but its mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of tACS on event-related potentials (ERP) based on a randomized controlled study. All patients were divided into two groups to receive either 20 sessions 77.5Hz-tACS or 20 sessions of sham stimulation during 4 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression -17 item (HAMD-17) and ERP during face-word Stroop task were recorded before and after the treatment (the fourth weekend). Our findings indicate a significant alleviation of depressive symptoms after tACS. For the behavioral performance, sham group showed a significant decrease in reaction time to the sad incongruent condition and an increase in accuracy to the happy condition. The active group showed an increase in accuracy to the incongruent condition. ERP analysis revealed that tACS significantly shortened the latency of P2 to incongruent condition, decreased the amplitude and prolonged the latency of N2 to negative condition. These ERP alterations suggest a potential rectification of negative bias and enhancement of cognitive functioning in patients with MDD, offering insights into the antidepressant mechanisms of tACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fukang Ye
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruinan Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueshan Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Strivens A, Koch I, Lavric A. Exploring "phasic" vs. "tonic" accounts of the effect of switch probability on the auditory attention switch cost. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024:17470218241256361. [PMID: 38724482 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241256361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Task-switching experiments have shown that the "switch cost" (poorer performance for task switches than for repetitions) is smaller when the probability of a switch is high (e.g., 0.75) than when it is low (e.g., 0.25). Some theoretical accounts explain this effect in terms of top-down control deployed in advance of the task cue ("pre-cue reconfiguration"). We tested such accounts by manipulating the time available before the onset of the cue (the response-cue interval, RCI), reasoning that top-down pre-cue reconfiguration requires time and therefore its effect should increase with RCI. Participants heard a man and a woman simultaneously speaking number words and categorised the number (< 5 vs. > 5) spoken by the voice specified by a pictorial gender-related cue presented at an RCI of 100 ms or 2,200 ms. The target voice switched with a probability of 0.25 or 0.75 (in separate sessions). In Experiment 1, RTs revealed a large effect of switch probability on the switch cost in the short RCI, which did not increase in the long RCI. Errors hinted at such an increase, but it did not receive clear statistical support and was disconfirmed by a direct and better powered replication in Experiment 2, which fully confirmed the RT pattern from Experiment 1. Thus, the effect of switch probability on the switch cost required little/no time following the response to emerge-it was already at full magnitude at a short RCI-challenging accounts that assume "phasic" deployment of top-down task-set control in advance of the cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Strivens
- Institute for Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Iring Koch
- Institute for Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aureliu Lavric
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Wang Z, Zhao Y, You X, Liang J. Relationship Between the Parietal Cortex and Task Switching: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with an Event-related Potential Study. Neuroscience 2024; 546:41-52. [PMID: 38548166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Task switching refers to a set of cognitive processes involved in shifting attention from one task to another. In recent years, researchers have applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to investigate the causal relationship between the parietal cortex and task switching. However, results from available studies are highly inconsistent. This may be due to the unclear understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the current study utilized event-related potential (ERP) analysis to investigate the modulatory effects of tDCS on task-switching processes. Twenty-four subjects were recruited to perform both predictable and unpredictable parity/magnitude tasks under anodal (RA) and sham conditions. The results showed no significant changes in behavioral performance. However, marked tDCS-induced ERP changes were observed. Specifically, for the predictable task switching, compared with the sham condition, the target-N2 component occurred significantly earlier for switch trials than repeat trials under the RA condition in males, while no difference was found in females. For unpredictable task switching, under the sham condition, the P2 peak was significantly larger for switch trials compared with repeat trials, whereas this difference was not observed under the RA condition. These results indicated the causal relationship between the right parietal cortex and exogenous adjustment processes involved in task switching. Moreover, anodal tDCS over the right parietal cortex may lead to the manifestation of gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China; School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xuqun You
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jimin Liang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
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McGill MB, Kieffaber PD. Event-related theta and gamma band oscillatory dynamics during visuo-spatial sequence memory in younger and older adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297995. [PMID: 38564573 PMCID: PMC10986947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) for sequences is thought to be crucial for daily behaviors. Decades of research indicate that oscillations in the gamma and theta bands play important functional roles in the support of visuo-spatial working memory, but the vast majority of that research emphasizes measures of neural activity during memory retention. The primary aims of the present study were (1) to determine whether oscillatory dynamics in the Theta and Gamma ranges would reflect item-level sequence encoding during a computerized spatial span task, (2) to determine whether item-level sequence recall is also related to these neural oscillations, and (3) to determine the nature of potential changes to these processes in healthy cognitive aging. Results indicate that VSWM sequence encoding is related to later (∼700 ms) gamma band oscillatory dynamics and may be preserved in healthy older adults; high gamma power over midline frontal and posterior sites increased monotonically as items were added to the spatial sequence in both age groups. Item-level oscillatory dynamics during the recall of VSWM sequences were related only to theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling (PAC), which increased monotonically with serial position in both age groups. Results suggest that, despite a general decrease in frontal theta power during VSWM sequence recall in older adults, gamma band dynamics during encoding and theta-gamma PAC during retrieval play unique roles in VSWM and that the processes they reflect may be spared in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenna B. McGill
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Kieffaber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
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Chen YY, Fang WN, Bao HF, Guo BY. The Effect of Task Interruption on Working Memory Performance. HUMAN FACTORS 2024; 66:1132-1151. [PMID: 36451347 DOI: 10.1177/00187208221139017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study used electroencephalography to explore the behavioral and electrophysiological effects of task interruption on performance. BACKGROUND Task interruption is known to harm work performance, especially on working memory-related tasks. However, most studies pay little attention to cognitive processes by exploring brain activity and ignore the cumulative effect of sequential interruptions. METHOD Thirty-four healthy participants performed a spatial 2-back in three conditions: (1) interruptions with simple math questions, (2) suspensions with prolonged fixation cross, and (3) a pure 2-back. The measured outcomes comprise performance data, ERP amplitudes, EEG power, and subjective workload. RESULTS Work performance decreased in the resumption trials, and cumulative interruptions had a more destructive effect on performance. EEG results showed that the P2 and P3 amplitudes induced by the 2-back task significantly increased after interruptions; theta and alpha power increased after interruptions. The P3 amplitude and alpha power induced by interruptions were significantly higher than that induced by suspensions. CONCLUSION Behavioral data revealed the disruptive effect of interruptions on postinterruption performance and the cumulative effect of interruptions on accuracy. Changes in ERP amplitudes and EEG power indicate the mechanisms of attention reallocation and working memory during interruptions. Larger P3 amplitudes and alpha power after interruptions than after suspensions suggested the inhibition of irrelevant information. These results may support the memory for goals model and improve the understanding of the effects of interruption on working memory. APPLICATION Focusing upon the mechanisms at play during the interruption process can support interruption management to ensure work safety and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ning Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Feng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei-Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
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Kim J, Keye SA, Pascual-Abreu M, Khan NA. Effects of an acute bout of cycling on different domains of cognitive function. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 283:21-66. [PMID: 38538189 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The literature suggesting acute exercise benefits cognitive function has been largely confined to single cognitive domains and measures of reliant on measures of central tendencies. Furthermore, studies suggest cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) to reflect cognitive efficiency and provide unique insights into cognitive function, but there is limited knowledge on the effects of acute exercise on IIV. To this end, this study examined the effects of acute exercise on three different cognitive domains, executive function, implicit learning, and hippocampal-dependent memory function using behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs). Furthermore, this study also sought to explore the effects of an acute bout of exercise on IIV using the RIDE algorithm to separate signals into individuals components based on latency variability. Healthy adult participants (N=20; 26.3±4.8years) completed a randomized cross-over trial with seated rest or 30min of high intensity cycling. Before and after each condition, participants completed a cognitive battery consisting of the Eriksen Flanker task, implicit statistical learning task, and a spatial reconstruction task. While exercise did not affect Flanker or spatial reconstruction performance, there were exercise related decreases in accuracy (F=5.47; P=0.040), slowed reaction time (F=5.18; P=0.036), and decreased late parietal positivity (F=4.26; P=0.046). However, upon adjusting for performance and ERP variability, there were exercise related decreases in Flanker reaction time (F=24.00; P<0.001), and reduced N2 amplitudes (F=13.03; P=0.002), and slower P3 latencies (F=3.57; P=0.065) for incongruent trials. These findings suggest that acute exercise may impact cognitive IIV as an adaptation to maintain function following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoon Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Shelby A Keye
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Melannie Pascual-Abreu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Kang MS, Yu-Chin C. Concurrent expectation and experience-based metacontrol: EEG insights and the role of working memory capacity. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024:10.3758/s13415-024-01163-2. [PMID: 38291309 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the simultaneous influence of expectation and experience on metacontrol, which we define as the instantiation of context-specific control states. These states could entail heightened control states in preparation for frequent task switching or lowered control states for task repetition. Specifically, we examined whether "expectations" regarding future control demands prompt proactive metacontrol, while "experiences" with items associated with specific control demands facilitate reactive metacontrol. In Experiment 1, we utilized EEG with a high temporal resolution to differentiate between brain activities associated with proactive and reactive metacontrol. We successfully observed cue-locked and image-locked ERP patterns associated with proactive and reactive metacontrol, respectively, supporting concurrent instantiation of two metacontrol modes. In Experiment 2, we focused on individual differences to investigate the modulatory role of working memory capacity (WMC) in the concurrent instantiation of two metacontrol modes. Our findings revealed that individuals with higher WMC exhibited enhanced proactive metacontrol, indicated by smaller response time variability (RTV). Additionally, individuals with higher WMC showed a lower tendency to rely on reactive metacontrol, indicated by a smaller item-specific switch probability (ISSP) effect. In conclusion, our results suggest that proactive and reactive metacontrol can coexist, but their interplay is influenced by individuals' WMC. Higher WMC promotes the use of proactive metacontrol while attenuating reliance on reactive metacontrol. This study provides insights into the interplay between proactive and reactive metacontrol and highlights the impact of WMC on their concurrent instantiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - C Yu-Chin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Richardson DP, Foxe JJ, Freedman EG. Reduced Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Flexibility in Older Adults Underlies Performance Costs During Dual-Task Walking: A Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) Study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.27.577090. [PMID: 38328169 PMCID: PMC10849668 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.27.577090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Age-related reductions in cognitive flexibility may limit modulation of control processes during systematic increases to cognitive-motor demands, exacerbating dual-task costs. In this study, behavioral and neurophysiologic changes to proactive and reactive control during progressive cognitive-motor demands were compared across older and younger adults to explore the basis for age-differences in cognitive-motor interference (CMI). 19 younger (19 - 29 years old, mean age = 22.84 +/- 2.75 years, 6 male, 13 female) and 18 older (60 - 77 years old, mean age = 67.89 +/- 4.60 years, 9 male, 9 female) healthy adults completed cued task-switching while alternating between sitting and walking on a treadmill. Gait kinematics, task performance measures, and brain activity were recorded using electroencephalography (EEG) based Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI). Response accuracy on easier trial types improved in younger, but not older adults when they walked while performing the cognitive task. As difficulty increased, walking provoked accuracy costs in older, but not younger adults. Both groups registered faster responses and reduced gait variability during dual-task walking. Older adults exhibited lower amplitude modulations of proactive and reactive neural activity as cognitive-motor demands systematically increased, which may reflect reduced flexibility for progressive preparatory and reactive adjustments over behavioral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Richardson
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York, USA
| | - John J. Foxe
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Edward G. Freedman
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York, USA
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Huang L, Li X, Xu F, Li F. Consequences of scarcity: the impact of perceived scarcity on executive functioning and its neural basis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1158544. [PMID: 37383102 PMCID: PMC10293644 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have found a causal relationship between scarcity and the adverse impact it has on executive functioning. However, few studies have directly examined perceived scarcity, and cognitive flexibility (the third component of executive functions) has rarely been included. Methods Using a 2 (group: scarcity group vs. control group) × 2 (trial type: repeat trial vs. switch trial) mixed design, this study directly explored perceived scarcity's impact on cognitive flexibility and revealed its neural basis in the switching tasks. Seventy college students participated in this study through open recruitment in China. A priming task was used to induce perceived scarcity, thus exploring the impact of perceived scarcity on participants' performance in switching tasks and enabling the analysis of the neural activity of the brain, combined with electroencephalograph (EEG) technology. Results In terms of behavioral outcomes, perceived scarcity led to poorer performance and a greater switching cost of reaction time in the switching tasks. Regarding neural activity, perceived scarcity led to an increase in the amplitude of P3 differential wave (repeat trials minus switch trials) in the parietal cortex during the target-locked epochs in the switching tasks. Discussion Perceived scarcity can lead to changes in the neural activity of the brain regions related to executive functioning, resulting in a temporary decrease in cognitive flexibility. It may lead to individuals unable to adapt well to the changing environment, unable to quickly devote themselves to new tasks, and reduce work and learning efficiency in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Fuming Xu
- Faculty of Education Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- School of Education Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Su B, Zheng M. Impaired proactive control in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder: Evidence from ERPs. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 160:47-55. [PMID: 36774830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that methamphetamine use is associated with impaired cognitive control, which may contribute to impulsive drug use. Cognitive control is dynamically mediated by proactive and reactive control (reflecting various processing stages of cognitive control with different properties), and it is crucial to determine whether methamphetamine use impairs proactive and/or reactive control. To address this issue, we conducted an event-related potential (ERP) study to examine proactive and reactive control in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). METHODS Abstinent individuals with MUD (n = 25) and healthy controls (HC, n = 27) completed a cued task-switching task while brain electrical activity was recorded. Cue- and target-locked ERP components modulated by task switching were linked to proactive and reactive control, respectively. RESULTS No behavioral differences between the groups were found. However, the HC group showed cue-locked switch-positivity (i.e., more positive amplitudes for switch than repeat trials) in both the early and late time windows, although the MUD group only showed late switch-positivity, which was smaller than the HC group. Independent of switch or congruent condition, the MUD group had smaller target-locked positivity than the HC group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that individuals with MUD exhibit reduced proactive control and mobilize extra reactive control efforts to compensate. Our study contributes to a better understanding of cognitive control impairment in individuals with MUD and has implications for potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Su
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Meihong Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Xie L, Cao B, Chen Y, Wu J, Li F. Reconfiguration of response-set in task switching: Event-related potential evidence. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:796-808. [PMID: 36601787 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In task switching, an interaction between task and response is often observed, with response repetition (RR) benefits in task-repeat trials and RR costs in task-switch trials. The theoretical accounts of the RR effect remain controversial, and neuroscience evidence is scarce. The present study utilized the event-related potentials (ERPs) method to explore the neural mechanism underlying the RR effect by adopting a cued task-switching paradigm. The ERP results revealed the interaction between task and response in the P3b time window, with a response switch positivity under task-repetition conditions and an RR positivity under task-switching conditions. In addition, there were RR positivity in the N2 irrespective of task transition and in the late component (LC, 550-600 ms) that only under the task repetition condition. On the individual level, the RR benefit positively correlated with the RR positivity in the LC, while the RR costs negatively correlated with RR positivity in the N2/P3 component. These results suggest that both response reconfiguration and episodic-retrieval make contributions to the RR effects, which were also discussed in terms of predictive model for a domain-general inference and learning of perceptual categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufang Xie
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.,School of Education Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Bihua Cao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianxiao Wu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Wong YS, Willoughby AR, Machado L. Reconceptualizing mind wandering from a switching perspective. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:357-372. [PMID: 35348846 PMCID: PMC9928802 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mind wandering is a universal phenomenon in which our attention shifts away from the task at hand toward task-unrelated thoughts. Despite it inherently involving a shift in mental set, little is known about the role of cognitive flexibility in mind wandering. In this article we consider the potential of cognitive flexibility as a mechanism for mediating and/or regulating the occurrence of mind wandering. Our review begins with a brief introduction to the prominent theories of mind wandering-the executive failure hypothesis, the decoupling hypothesis, the process-occurrence framework, and the resource-control account of sustained attention. Then, after discussing their respective merits and weaknesses, we put forward a new perspective of mind wandering focused on cognitive flexibility, which provides an account more in line with the data to date, including why older populations experience a reduction in mind wandering. After summarizing initial evidence prompting this new perspective, drawn from several mind-wandering and task-switching studies, we recommend avenues for future research aimed at further understanding the importance of cognitive flexibility in mind wandering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Wong
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, William James Building, 275 Leith Walk, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading Malaysia, Nusajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Adrian R Willoughby
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading Malaysia, Nusajaya, Malaysia
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, William James Building, 275 Leith Walk, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Nagy B, Czigler I, Csizmadia P, File D, Fáy N, Gaál ZA. Investigating the involvement of cognitive control processes in innovative and adaptive creativity and their age-related changes. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1033508. [PMID: 36816501 PMCID: PMC9932509 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1033508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Based on the two-factor model of creativity, two distinct types of creative problem solving can be differentiated: innovative ("do things differently") and adaptive ("do things better"). Flexible cognitive control is a crucial concept in connection with both general and specific styles of creativity: innovative problem-solving benefits from broader attention and flexible mental set shifting; while adaptive creativity relies on focused attention and persistent goal-oriented processes. We applied an informatively cued task-switching paradigm which is suitable for measuring different cognitive control processes and mechanisms like proactive and reactive control. We hypothesized that adaptive creativity is connected to effective proactive control processes, while innovative creativity is based on reactive task-execution. As we have found no previous evidence how age-related changes in cognitive control affects creative cognition; we also examined the effect of healthy aging on different problem-solving styles in an explorative way. Methods Our participants, 37 younger (18-30 years) and 37 older (60-75 years) adults, were divided into innovative and adaptive creative groups according to the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking's Figural Subtest (Hungarian version). Results Our results showed that among younger adults the adaptively creative group had larger cue-locked CNV component (effective preparatory activity connected to proactive control), while the innovatively creative group had a larger target-locked P3b component (effective target evaluation and categorization in line with reactive control) which supports a functional difference in the two creative styles. By contrast, in older adults innovative problem-solving showed larger mixing costs (less effective maintenance and selection of task sets), and the lack of trial type effect on target-locked N2b (target-induced goal reactivation and less effective conflict resolution); while adaptive problem-solving caused them to make fewer errors (accuracy-oriented behavior). Discussion All in all, innovative and adaptive creativity is based on distinct cognitive control mechanisms in both age-groups, but their processing level is affected by age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Nagy
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary,*Correspondence: Boglárka Nagy,
| | - István Czigler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Csizmadia
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domonkos File
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Fáy
- Independent Researcher, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Anna Gaál
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Cronin-Golomb LM, Bauer PJ. Self-motivated and directed learning across the lifespan. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 232:103816. [PMID: 36549216 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-motivated and directed learning is integral to knowledge base expansion for learners of all ages. Both motivational and cognitive processes drive self-motivated and directed lifelong learning, yet how these different processes operate together from childhood through adulthood is largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the role of personal motivators, such as beliefs in self-efficacy and personality traits in self-motivated and directed learning across the lifespan. We then consider the role of cognitive processes that contribute to knowledge base expansion in learners of all ages, specifically executive functions. We focus on working memory, inhibitory control, and task switching as potential determinants of lifelong learning. Finally, we integrate the two literatures, to discuss ways in which personal motivators may influence deployment of executive functions under self-motivated and directed conditions as a learner advances along a developmental trajectory. We also suggest ways to move the study of self-motivated and directed learning beyond observation and self-report measures thus affording experimental control. We aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding and novel insight to the mechanisms and processes of self-motivated and directed learning across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia J Bauer
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, United States of America
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16
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Wu J, Chen Y, Li Z, Li F. Cognitive control is modulated by hierarchical complexity of task switching: An event-related potential study. Behav Brain Res 2022; 434:114025. [PMID: 35901957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the effect of hierarchical complexity on task switching. The participants (n = 36) were asked to perform a magnitude or parity judgement on digits (1-9) in the hierarchical simple or complex block. In the simple block, participants made a numerical judgement on the presented digit (1-9) in each trial, whereas in the complex block, they had to first identify whether the digit in the current trial belonged to a predefined category (e.g., whether it was an even number), then perform a numerical judgment or not respond. The behavioural results revealed a significant interaction between hierarchical complexity and transition type (repeat vs. switch), with greater switch cost in the complex than in the simple block. Event-related potentials (ERPs) locked in the cue stage did not reveal this interaction, whereas the ERPs locked in the target stage revealed this interaction during the N2 and P3 time windows, with a larger switch negativity (switch minus repeat) in the complex than in the simple block. These findings demonstrate that an increase in hierarchical complexity triggers increased reactive control in the inhibition of the old task-set and reconfiguration of the new task-set during task switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiao Wu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China; School of Business Administration, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zixia Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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17
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Chen J, Wu S, Li F. Cognitive Neural Mechanism of Backward Inhibition and Deinhibition: A Review. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:846369. [PMID: 35668866 PMCID: PMC9165717 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.846369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Task switching is one of the typical paradigms to study cognitive control. When switching back to a recently inhibited task (e.g., “A” in an ABA sequence), the performance is often worse compared to a task without N-2 task repetitions (e.g., CBA). This difference is called the backward inhibitory effect (BI effect), which reflects the process of overcoming residual inhibition from a recently performed task (i.e., deinhibition). The neural mechanism of backward inhibition and deinhibition has received a lot of attention in the past decade. Multiple brain regions, including the frontal lobe, parietal, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, are activated during deinhibition. The event-related potentials (ERP) studies have shown that deinhibition process is reflected in the P1/N1 and P3 components, which might be related to early attention control, context updating, and response selection, respectively. Future research can use a variety of new paradigms to separate the neural mechanisms of BI and deinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Chen
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shujie Wu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Han J, Guan L, Zhu C. Impact of hierarchical processing levels on division of labor: neural electrophysiological evidence from a joint rule shifting. Neuroreport 2022; 33:408-412. [PMID: 35594430 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although previous studies have revealed the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control, the neural electrophysiological process in joint task switching has rarely been discussed. Moreover, the hierarchy process remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the neural mechanism of a target when two actors use division of labor between action selections in a joint hierarchical rule-shifting situation. METHODS The present study employed a joint hierarchical rule shifting paradigm, and each participant was responsible for the selection of one type of action (left key and right key). The cue was the letter 'R' with three features, which indicated the hierarchical rule of the current trial. The target was an Arabic numeral (1-9, except 5). Participants made a magnitude judgement or a parity judgment based on the high and low hierarchical features of cues. RESULTS The P2 component was smaller in the high-shift condition than in the repeat condition; however, the high-shift condition elicited a larger N2 amplitude than the low-shift and repeat conditions. We believe that the current P2 is related to selective attention to the hierarchical features of rules, and N2 is related to conflict control. In addition, the high-shift condition had the largest P3 amplitude, which indicates that this condition has the largest extent of update and leads to the most unstable association between rule and stimuli. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that participants had dynamic brain responses to target stimuli in the joint rule-shifting situation. In other words, participants first confirmed the actor of the current target and then processed the target stimuli themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Han
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province
| | - Lei Guan
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province
| | - Chengdong Zhu
- School of physical education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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19
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Chen Y, Cao B, Xie L, Wu J, Li F. Proactive and reactive control differ between task switching and response rule switching: Event-related potential evidence. Neuropsychologia 2022; 172:108272. [PMID: 35597267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The distinction between task-switching (T-switch) and response-rule switching (RR-switch) has been reported in previous studies. However, it is unclear whether the neural correlates of proactive and reactive control differ between T-switch and RR-switch. In this study, a modified cue-target task was adopted. When the cue in the current trial differed from that in the preceding trial in shape (or color), the participants had to perform a T-switch (or RR-switch). Otherwise, they performed the same task following the same response rule. The behavioral results showed that the switch cost was greater for the RR-switch than for the T-switch. The event-related potential results indicated that (1) for cues, the switch-positivity in the late positive component (LPC) (500-800 ms) was more enhanced for the RR-switch than for the T-switch over the central to parietal regions, reflecting increased proactive control for the RR-switch compared with the T-switch; (2) for targets, the P3 amplitude was more attenuated in the RR-switch than the T-switch over the central and parietal regions, reflecting increased reactive control for the RR-switch; and (3) under the T-switch, the switch-positivity in the cue-LPC was negatively correlated with accuracy cost, while under the RR-switch, the switch negativity in the target-P3 was positively correlated with the reaction time cost. These findings suggest that similar proactive and reactive control are recruited in the T-switch and RR-switch, whereas cognitive control efforts clearly differ between them, perhaps due to different sub-processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Bihua Cao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
| | - Liufang Xie
- School of Education Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530299, China
| | - Jianxiao Wu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China; School of Business Administration, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
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20
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Scharf F, Widmann A, Bonmassar C, Wetzel N. A tutorial on the use of temporal principal component analysis in developmental ERP research - Opportunities and challenges. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101072. [PMID: 35123341 PMCID: PMC8819392 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental researchers are often interested in event-related potentials (ERPs). Data-analytic approaches based on the observed ERP suffer from major problems such as arbitrary definition of analysis time windows and regions of interest and the observed ERP being a mixture of latent underlying components. Temporal principal component analysis (PCA) can reduce these problems. However, its application in developmental research comes with the unique challenge that the component structure differs between age groups (so-called measurement non-invariance). Separate PCAs for the groups can cope with this challenge. We demonstrate how to make results from separate PCAs accessible for inferential statistics by re-scaling to original units. This tutorial enables readers with a focus on developmental research to conduct a PCA-based ERP analysis of amplitude differences. We explain the benefits of a PCA-based approach, introduce the PCA model and demonstrate its application to a developmental research question using real-data from a child and an adult group (code and data openly available). Finally, we discuss how to cope with typical challenges during the analysis and name potential limitations such as suboptimal decomposition results, data-driven analysis decisions and latency shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Widmann
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Leipzig University, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Wetzel
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, Germany
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21
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Lundin NB, Burroughs LP, Kieffaber PD, Morales JJ, O'Donnell BF, Hetrick WP. Temporal and Spectral Properties of the Auditory Mismatch Negativity and P3a Responses in Schizophrenia. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022:15500594221089367. [PMID: 35341344 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221089367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential (ERP) indexes relatively automatic detection of changes in sensory stimuli and is typically attenuated in individuals with schizophrenia. However, contributions of different frequencies of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity to the MMN and the later P3a attentional orienting response in schizophrenia are poorly understood and were the focus of the present study. Participants with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (n = 85) and non-psychiatric control participants (n = 74) completed a passive auditory oddball task containing 10% 50 ms "deviant" tones and 90% 100 ms "standard" tones. EEG data were analyzed using spatial principal component analysis (PCA) applied to wavelet-based time-frequency analysis and MMN and P3a ERPs. The schizophrenia group compared to the control group had smaller MMN amplitudes and lower deviant-minus-standard theta but not alpha event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) after accounting for participant age and sex. Larger MMN and P3a amplitudes but not latencies were correlated with greater theta and alpha time-frequency activity. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that control participants showed robust relationships between larger MMN amplitudes and greater deviant-minus-standard theta inter-trial coherence (ITC) and between larger P3a amplitudes and greater deviant-minus-standard theta ERSP, whereas these dynamic neural processes were less tightly coupled in participants with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Study results help clarify frequency-based contributions of time-domain (ie, ERP) responses and indicate a potential disturbance in the neural dynamics of detecting change in sensory stimuli in schizophrenia. Overall, findings add to the growing body of evidence that psychotic illness is associated with widespread neural dysfunction in the theta frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B Lundin
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, 1772Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, 1772Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leah P Burroughs
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, 1772Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,12250Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul D Kieffaber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, 8604College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Jaime J Morales
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, 1772Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, 1772Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Brian F O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, 1772Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, 1772Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,12250Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William P Hetrick
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, 1772Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, 1772Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,12250Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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22
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Du M, Peng Y, Li Y, Zhu Y, Yang S, Li J, Zou F, Wang Y, Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Effect of trait anxiety on cognitive flexibility: Evidence from event-related potentials and resting-state EEG. Biol Psychol 2022; 170:108319. [PMID: 35331781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with anxiety often exhibit cognitive flexibility impairment; however, the neural underpinnings of this cognitive impairment remain unclear. In this study, 45 participants were instructed to complete a task-switching assessment of shifting function by EEG technology, and 200 participants were included in microstate analysis to study why cognitive flexibility is impaired and the neuromechanism. Behaviorally, a positive correlation between trait anxiety scores and set shifting cost was found. At the EEG level, there was a positive correlation between trait anxiety scores and frontal P2 peaks under the shifting condition, which was related to the activation of the stimulus-response associations by attention. Furthermore, microstate analysis was used to analyze EEG functional networks, and TA scores had significant positive correlations with the Occurrence of class D and the Contribution of class D, which was related to the dorsal attention network. These results provided direct neuroelectrophysiological evidence that trait anxiety impairs cognitive flexibility when shifting is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Du
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yunwen Peng
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Shiyan Yang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiefan Li
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Feng Zou
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Institute, Shandong University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China.
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23
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Mitsuhashi T, Sonoda M, Firestone E, Sakakura K, Jeong JW, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Temporally and functionally distinct large-scale brain network dynamics supporting task switching. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119126. [PMID: 35331870 PMCID: PMC9173207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our daily activities require frequent switches among competing responses at the millisecond time scale. We determined the spatiotemporal characteristics and functional significance of rapid, large-scale brain network dynamics during task switching. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who played a Lumosity cognitive flexibility training game during intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recording. According to a given task rule, unpredictably switching across trials, participants had to swipe the screen in the direction the stimulus was pointing or moving. Using this data, we described the spatiotemporal characteristics of iEEG high-gamma augmentation occurring more intensely during switch than repeat trials, unattributable to the effect of task rule (pointing or moving), within-stimulus congruence (the direction of stimulus pointing and moving was same or different in a given trial), or accuracy of an immediately preceding response. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography determined whether distant cortical regions showing enhanced activation during task switch trials were directly connected by white matter tracts. Trial-by-trial iEEG analysis deduced whether the intensity of task switch-related high-gamma augmentation was altered through practice and whether high-gamma amplitude predicted the accuracy of an upcoming response among switch trials. Results: The average number of completed trials during five-minute gameplay was 221.4 per patient (range: 171–285). Task switch trials increased the response times, whereas later trials reduced them. Analysis of iEEG signals sampled from 860 brain sites effectively elucidated the distinct spatiotemporal characteristics of task switch, task rule, and post-error-specific high-gamma modulations. Post-cue, task switch-related high-gamma augmentation was initiated in the right calcarine cortex after 260 ms, right precuneus after 330 ms, right entorhinal after 420 ms, and bilateral anterior middle-frontal gyri after 450 ms. DWI tractography successfully showed the presence of direct white matter tracts connecting the right visual areas to the precuneus and anterior middle-frontal regions but not between the right precuneus and anterior middle-frontal regions. Task-related high-gamma amplitudes in later trials were reduced in the calcarine, entorhinal and anterior middle-frontal regions, but increased in the precuneus. Functionally, enhanced post-cue precuneus high-gamma augmentation improved the accuracy of subsequent responses among switch trials. Conclusions: Our multimodal analysis uncovered two temporally and functionally distinct network dynamics supporting task switching. High-gamma augmentation in the visual-precuneus pathway may reflect the neural process facilitating an attentional shift to a given updated task rule. High-gamma activity in the visual-dorsolateral prefrontal pathway, rapidly reduced through practice, may reflect the cost of executing appropriate stimulus-response translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 1138421, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 2360004, Japan
| | - Ethan Firestone
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kazuki Sakakura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058575, Japan
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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24
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Reed CL, Siqi-Liu A, Lydic K, Lodge M, Chitre A, Denaro C, Petropoulos A, Joshi J, Bukach CM, Couperus JW. Selective contributions of executive function ability to the P3. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 176:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Chen Y, Wu J, Li F. Reconfiguration of response rule is more difficult than that of task goal: Behavior and electrophysiological evidence. Neurosci Lett 2022; 774:136517. [PMID: 35149197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control by using the task-switching paradigm, but differentiation from response rule switching (RR-switch) remains poorly explored. In this study, a partial voluntary task-switching (VTS) paradigm was used to explore the electrophysiological differences between task switching (T-switch) and RR-switching. Participants were sequentially presented with Arabic numerals colored red or green. If the color in the current trial was the same as that in the previous trial, the participants had to perform the same task following the same response rule. Otherwise, they had to voluntarily switch tasks (e.g., from parity task to magnitude task) or switch response rules (e.g., from "pressing F for odd and J for even number' to 'pressing J for odd and F for even number"). The behavioral results indicated that RR-switch was infrequently selected, and the performance was less efficient than that of the T-switch. Event-related potential results showed that both T- and RR-switches elicited a larger switch-positivity in the P2 and P3 time windows than that in the repeat condition. Switch-positivity was larger for RR-switch than for T-switch over the frontal sites, suggesting that more attention and cognitive resources were required to update information for the RR-switch than for the T-switch. These findings suggest that in the VTS, the hierarchical relationship between task goals and response rules is relatively loose, resulting in the neural disassociation of task reconfiguration and response change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Jianxiao Wu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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26
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Longman CS, Elchlepp H, Monsell S, Lavric A. Serial or parallel proactive control of components of task-set? A task-switching investigation with concurrent EEG and eye-tracking. Neuropsychologia 2021; 160:107984. [PMID: 34339718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the issues examined by studies of cognitive control in multitasking is whether processes underlying performance in the different tasks occur serially or in parallel. Here we ask a similar question about processes that pro-actively control task-set. In task-switching experiments, several indices of task-set preparation have been extensively documented, including anticipatory orientation of gaze to the task-relevant location (an unambiguous marker of reorientation of attention), and a positive polarity brain potential over the posterior cortex (whose functional significance is less well understood). We examine whether these markers of preparation occur in parallel or serially, and in what order. On each trial a cue required participants to make a semantic classification of one of three digits presented simultaneously, with the location of each digit consistently associated with one of three classification tasks (e.g., if the task was odd/even, the digit at the top of the display was relevant). The EEG positivity emerged following, and appeared time-locked to, the anticipatory fixation on the task-relevant location, which might suggest serial organisation. However, the fixation-locked positivity was not better defined than the cue-locked positivity; in fact, for the trials with the earliest fixations the positivity was better time-locked to the cue onset. This is more consistent with (re)orientation of spatial attention occurring in parallel with, but slightly before, the reconfiguration of other task-set components indexed by the EEG positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai S Longman
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK; University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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27
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Trait anxiety modulates the temporal dynamics of Stroop task switching: An ERP study. Biol Psychol 2021; 163:108144. [PMID: 34242721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to find neural evidence that trait anxiety interferes with one's shifting function processing efficiency. Twenty-five high trait-anxiety (HTA) and twenty-five low trait-anxiety (LTA) participants were instructed to complete a cue-based Stroop task-switching assessment of shifting function. No group difference in behavioral performance was shown, though event-related potential (ERP) results in the cue-locked period showed that only the LTA group had a general switch benefit in contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude, indicating the LTA group exerted less task preparation effort. In the subsequent target-locked period, compared to the LTA group, the local switch cost of target-P3 was higher in the HTA group in incompatible trials, suggesting inefficient attentional resource allocation in the HTA group in incompatible trials. These ERP findings indicated that the HTA group ultimately achieved comparable behavioral performance with the LTA group at the expense of using more compensatory strategies at the neural level.
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Zhuo B, Chen Y, Zhu M, Cao B, Li F. Response variations can promote the efficiency of task switching: Electrophysiological evidence. Neuropsychologia 2021; 156:107828. [PMID: 33727087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated sequence effect on task switching and found that increased cognitive control in preceding trials would transfer to the current trial. However, it remains unclear whether response variations during task repetition can enhance cognitive control and promote task switching. In the present study, we designed two sequence contexts, the response-change (r-change) and response-repeat (r-repeat) contexts, by adopting a classical task-switching paradigm in which participants were asked to make an odd-even or large-small judgment of the presented digit. The only difference between the two sequence contexts was whether responses varied frequently during task repetition. Behavioral results showed that the r-change context induced smaller switch costs and higher accuracy for task switching than the r-repeat context. Event-related potential (ERP) results revealed (1) the effect of context on N2 amplitudes, with greater N2 in the r-change context than the r-repeat context at frontal-central regions; (2) the interaction between context and transition type during the stimulus-locked P3 component, with a marked context effect for the task-switch trials; (3) non-significant context effect on task switching during the response-locked P3 component. These findings suggest that response variations during a sequence of task-repeat trials can trigger the increase in cognitive control that promotes the efficiency of followed task switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Zhuo
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Bihua Cao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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Petruo VA, Beste C. Task Switching and the Role of Motor Reprogramming in Parietal Structures. Neuroscience 2021; 461:23-35. [PMID: 33675917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human behaviour amazes with extraordinary flexibility and the underlying neural mechanisms have often been studied using task switching. Despite extensive research, the relative importance of "cognitive" and "motor" aspects during switching is unclear. In the current study we examine this question combining EEG analysis techniques and source localization to examine whether the selection of the response, or processes during the execution of the response, contribute most to switching effects. A clear dissociation was observed in the signal decomposition, since codes relating to motor aspects play a significant role in task switching and the scope of the switching costs. This was not the case for signals that denote reaction selection or decision processes that respond to selection or basic stimulus processing codes. On a functional neuroanatomical level, these modulations in motor processes showed a clear temporal sequence in that motor codes are processed primarily in superior parietal regions (Brodman area 7) and only then in premotor regions (Brodman area 6). The observed modulations may reflect motor reprogramming processes. The study shows how EEG signal analysis in combination with brain mapping methods can inform debates on theories of human cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Petruo
- Brain and Creativity Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3620A McClintock Avenue Bldg. #292, Los Angeles, CA 90089 United States
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Neural electrophysiological mechanism of joint hierarchical rule shifting: an event-related potential study. Neuroreport 2021; 32:367-372. [PMID: 33661808 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have explored the brain mechanism by which an individual independently accomplishes task switching or rule shifting with different hierarchical structures, electrophysiological evidence indicating that two actors cooperate to complete the hierarchical rule shift remains unclear. This study adopts a modified joint hierarchical rule shifting paradigm in which one actor judged the parity task and the other decided the magnitude task. Results demonstrated that cues in high- and low-shift conditions elicited larger P2 amplitudes and that low-shift had a larger P3 amplitude than high-shift. Results further indicated that participants required more attention resources to ascertain who would make a judgment for the current trial and that low hierarchical features were superior in reconfiguring changed rules. Regarding the target, the high-shift condition evoked smaller P2 and larger N2 amplitudes when compared to low-shift and repeat conditions, whereas when compared to high- and low-shifts, the repeat condition elicited a larger P3 amplitude. The findings revealed that participants required more control resources to process the varied features and that repeat condition required the least cognitive resources to update rules. Thus, participants had different process patterns between cues and targets when cooperating with their co-actors.
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31
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How time shapes cognitive control: A high-density EEG study of task-switching. Biol Psychol 2021; 160:108030. [PMID: 33539965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Task-switching is one of the most popular paradigms to investigate cognitive control. The main finding of interest is the switch cost: RTs in switch trials are longer than RTs in repetition trials. Despite the massive amount of research in these topics, little is known about the underlying temporal dynamics of the cortical regions involved in these phenomena. Here we used high density EEG to unveil the spatiotemporal neural dynamics associated with both the switch cost and to its modulation over time (time-on-task effect), as two markers of cognitive control reflecting effortful and procedural mechanisms, respectively. We found that, as a function of task practice, the switch cost decreased and both the switch-positivity and the switch-negativity event-related responses increased, although the latter showed a larger modulatory effect. At a source level, this effect was revealed by a progressively higher activation of the left middle and superior frontal gyrus.
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32
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Xi C, Liu Z, Zhong M, Yang H, Peng W, Yi J. Impaired set-shifting in drug-naïve patients with borderline personality disorder: an event-related potentials study. J Affect Disord 2021; 280:64-71. [PMID: 33202339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive impairments might play a key role in the development of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), however, the pathophysiological mechanism underlying cognitive impairment of BPD is largely unknown. This study was aimed to examine the electrophysiological mechanism of deficits in set-shifting processing in patients with BPD. METHODS Twenty-seven drug-naïve patients with BPD and twenty-four healthy controls were recruited. Demographic variables and clinical characteristics of all subjects were collected. Behavioral data and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded when subjects were performing the task-switching paradigm, which was applied to investigate the set-shifting function. The P2, N2 and P3 components in the task-switching paradigm would be analyzed. RESULTS Patients with BPD had significantly higher level of impulsivity, depression and anxiety than healthy controls. When performing the switching task, the BPD group had lower P2 amplitude and higher N2 amplitude than the control group. In the BPD group, the P2 latency at Fz electrode in repeat task was correlated positively with the level of depression, and P2 latency at Pz electrode in repeat task and switch task both had significantly negative relationships with the the level of anxiety. LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional designed study did not clarify the causal relationship of the electrophysiological characteristics and the development of BPD. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BPD might have abnormal brain activities when overcoming the inhibition of current task and inhibiting the effects of prior task, and their top-down control function might be impaired. These findings provide some useful clues for the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xi
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingtian Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Yang
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanrong Peng
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyao Yi
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, China.
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33
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Kray J, Ferdinand NK, Stenger K. Training and Transfer of Cue Updating in Older Adults Is Limited: Evidence From Behavioral and Neuronal Data. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:565927. [PMID: 33343316 PMCID: PMC7746801 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.565927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control processes, such as updating task-relevant information while switching between multiple tasks, are substantially impaired in older adults. However, it has also been shown that these cognitive control processes can be improved by training interventions, e.g., by training in task switching. Here, we applied an event-related potential (ERP) approach to identify whether a cognitive training improves task-preparatory processes such as updating of relevant task goals. To do so, we applied a pretest-training-posttest design with eight training sessions. Two groups of older adults were either trained in task switching (treatment group) or in performing single tasks (control group) and we compared their performance to a group of untrained younger adults. To foster cue updating in the treatment group, we applied a cue-based switching task in which the two task cues were randomly selected prior to target presentation so that participants had time to prepare for the upcoming task. In contrast, the control group also received task cues but those were redundant as only one task had to be performed. We also examined whether training in cue updating during task switching can be transferred to a similar cognitive control task measuring updating of context information, namely a modified version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT). The results revealed training-specific improvements in task switching, that is, a larger improvement in blocks requiring switching in comparison to single tasks at the behavioral level. In addition, training specific-effects were also found at the neuronal level. Older adults trained in cue updating while switching showed a reduction in mixing costs in the cue-related P3, indicating an improvement in preparatory updating processes. Additionally, P3 topography changed with training from a very broad to a parietally focused scalp distribution similar to the one found in younger adults. However, we did not obtain training-specific improvements in context updating in the AX-CPT neither at the behavioral level nor at the neuronal level. Results are discussed in the context of the ongoing debate on whether transfer of cognitive training improvements is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Kray
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicola K Ferdinand
- Department of Psychology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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34
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Cespón J, Carreiras M. Is there electrophysiological evidence for a bilingual advantage in neural processes related to executive functions? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:315-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Brydges CR, Barceló F, Nguyen AT, Fox AM. Fast fronto-parietal cortical dynamics of conflict detection and context updating in a flanker task. Cogn Neurodyn 2020; 14:795-814. [PMID: 33101532 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has found that the traditional target P3 consists of a family of P3-like positivities that can be functionally and topographically dissociated from one another. The current study examined target N2 and P3-like subcomponents indexing conflict detection and context updating at low- and high-order levels in the neural hierarchy during cognitive control. Electroencephalographic signals were recorded from 45 young adults while they completed a hybrid go/nogo flanker task, and Residue Iteration Decomposition (RIDE) was applied to functionally dissociate these peaks. Analyses showed a stimulus-locked frontal N2 revealing early detection and fast perceptual categorization of nogo, congruent and incongruent trials, resulting in frontal P3-like activity elicited by nogo trials in the latency-variable RIDE cluster, and by incongruent trials in the response-locked cluster. The congruent trials did not elicit frontal P3-like activity. These findings suggest that behavioral incongruency effects are related to intermediate and later stages of motor response re-programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Brydges
- School of Psychological Science (M304), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Francisco Barceló
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Majorca, Spain
| | - An T Nguyen
- School of Psychological Science (M304), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Neurocognitive Development Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Allison M Fox
- School of Psychological Science (M304), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Neurocognitive Development Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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36
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The neurocognitive underpinnings of the Simon effect: An integrative review of current research. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:1133-1172. [PMID: 33025513 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For as long as half a century the Simon task - in which participants respond to a nonspatial stimulus feature while ignoring its position - has represented a very popular tool to study a variety of cognitive functions, such as attention, cognitive control, and response preparation processes. In particular, the task generates two theoretically interesting effects: the Simon effect proper and the sequential modulations of this effect. In the present study, we review the main theoretical explanations of both kinds of effects and the available neuroscientific studies that investigated the neural underpinnings of the cognitive processes underlying the Simon effect proper and its sequential modulation using electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related brain potentials (ERP), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Then, we relate the neurophysiological findings to the main theoretical accounts and evaluate their validity and empirical plausibility, including general implications related to processing interference and cognitive control. Overall, neurophysiological research supports claims that stimulus location triggers the creation of a spatial code, which activates a spatially compatible response that, in incompatible conditions, interferes with the response based on the task instructions. Integration of stimulus-response features plays a major role in the occurrence of the Simon effect (which is manifested in the selection of the response) and its modulation by sequential congruency effects. Additional neural mechanisms are involved in supporting the correct and inhibiting the incorrect response.
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37
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Reiser JE, Wascher E, Rinkenauer G, Arnau S. Cognitive-motor interference in the wild: Assessing the effects of movement complexity on task switching using mobile EEG. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:8175-8195. [PMID: 32889772 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptively changing between different tasks while in locomotion is a fundamental prerequisite of modern daily life. The cognitive processes underlying dual tasking have been investigated extensively using EEG. Due to technological restrictions, however, this was not possible for dual-task scenarios including locomotion. With new technological opportunities, this became possible and cognitive-motor interference can be studied, even in outside-the-lab environments. In the present study, participants carried out a cognitive-motor interference task as they responded to cued, auditory task-switch stimuli while performing locomotive tasks with increasing complexity (standing, walking, traversing an obstacle course). We observed increased subjective workload ratings as well as decreased behavioural performance for increased movement complexity and cognitive task difficulty. A higher movement load went along with a decrease of parietal P2, N2 and P3 amplitudes and frontal Theta power. A higher cognitive load, on the other hand, was reflected by decreased frontal CNV amplitudes. Additionally, a connectivity analysis using inter-site phase coherence revealed that higher movement as well as cognitive task difficulty had an impairing effect on fronto-parietal connectivity. In conclusion, subjective ratings, behavioural performance and electrophysiological results indicate that less cognitive resources were available to be deployed towards the execution of the cognitive task when in locomotion compared to standing still. Connectivity results also show a scarcity of attentional resources when switching a task during the highest movement complexity condition. Summarized, all findings indicate a central role of attentional control regarding cognitive-motor dual tasking and an inherent limitation of cognitive resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian E Reiser
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rinkenauer
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Arnau
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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38
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Wolff N, Beste C. Short-term Smartphone App–Based Focused Attention Meditation Diminishes Cognitive Flexibility. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1484-1496. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is an important aspect relevant to daily life situations, and there is an increasing public interest to optimize these functions, for example, using (brief) meditation practices. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. On the basis of theoretical considerations, both improvements and deteriorations of cognitive flexibility are possible through focused attention meditation (FAM). We investigated the effect of a brief smartphone app–based FAM on task switching using EEG methods, temporal signal decomposition, and source localization techniques (standardized low-resolution electromagnetic brain tomography). The study was conducted using a crossover study design. We show that even 15 min of FAM practicing modulates memory-based task switching, on a behavioral level and a neurophysiological level. More specifically, FAM hampers response selection and conflict resolution processes and seem to reduce cognitive resources, which are necessary to rapidly adapt to changing conditions. These effects are represented in the N2 and P3 time windows and associated with ACC. It seems that FAM increases the attention to one specific aspect, which may help to focus but carries also the risk that behavior becomes too rigid. FAM thus seems to modulate both the stimulus- and response-related aspects of conflict monitoring in ACC. Motor-related processes were not affected. The results can be explained using a cognitive control dilemma framework, suggesting that particularly alterations in background monitoring may be important to consider when explaining the effects of FAM during task switching.
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Chang WP, Shen IH, Wen CP, Chen CL. Age-Related Differences Between Young and Old Adults: Effects of Advance Information on Task Switching. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 127:985-1014. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512520930872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the effects of advance information on task switching in young and old adults, using two forms of advance information (memory-based and cue-based) and a no advance information task. We compared 19 healthy young and 19 healthy older adults in terms of their behavioral performance and neural correlates under these three task-switching paradigms. We observed a significant difference in mixing cost between the two age groups. There was no switch cost group difference on the memory-based and cue-based tasks, but older adults showed a larger switch cost than younger adults on the no advance information task. On evoked potential measures, there was no group effect in P3 cue-locked positivity; but there was, a frontal shift of the target-locked P3, indexed as reactive control, among older adults. We observed an increased target-locked P3 in the no-information paradigm compared with the cue-based and memory-based paradigms in both groups. Task cue facilitated advance preparation and proactive control under the cue-based paradigm in both groups. Age-related decline and difficulty in control processes required for task goal maintenance were apparent among the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Chang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Indiana University (IUPUI)
| | - I-Hsuan Shen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan
| | - Chien-Pei Wen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan
- Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
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40
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Deuter CE, Wingenfeld K, Otte C, Bustami J, Kaczmarczyk M, Kuehl LK. Noradrenergic system and cognitive flexibility: Disentangling the effects of depression and childhood trauma. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 125:136-143. [PMID: 32283407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress plays a fundamental role in the development and maintenance of major depressive disorder (MDD). Importantly, maladaptive changes in the physiological stress regulation systems have been demonstrated. In the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic (LC-NA) system, up-regulated central alpha2-adrenergic receptors in patients with MDD affect cognitive functions. Although cognitive deficits are core symptoms of MDD, the relationship between the LC-NA system and cognitive processes has rarely been investigated in depressed patients. The aim of our study was to investigate whether noradrenergic stimulation affects cognitive flexibility in MDD. In addition, we aimed to further disentangle the effects of MDD and adverse childhood experiences (ACE), such as physical or sexual abuse on cognitive function. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, MDD patients with ACE, MDD patients without ACE, healthy participants with ACE and healthy control participants without MDD or ACE were tested with a task switching task (total N = 125). Participants were tested twice after treatment with either 10 mg yohimbine or a placebo. Switch costs (differences between switch and repetition trials) in reaction times and accuracy served as the independent variables. We found higher switch costs in MDD patients as compared with controls, while ACE did not affect task performance. Yohimbine administration had no effect on task switching. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the role of the LC-NA system as a neurobiological mechanism of cognitive processes in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Eric Deuter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katja Wingenfeld
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Otte
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Bustami
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kaczmarczyk
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linn Kristina Kuehl
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
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Chami R, Treasure J, Cardi V, Lozano-Madrid M, Eichin KN, McLoughlin G, Blechert J. Exploring Changes in Event-Related Potentials After a Feasibility Trial of Inhibitory Training for Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1056. [PMID: 32536891 PMCID: PMC7269126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a feasibility trial comparing two forms of combined inhibitory control training and goal planning (i.e., food-specific and general) among patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), we found evidence of symptomatic benefit, with stronger effects among participants receiving a food-specific intervention. The aim of the present study was to examine changes in behavioral outcomes and event-related potentials (ERPs; N2 and P3 amplitudes) from baseline to post-intervention that might suggest the mechanisms underpinning these effects. Fifty-five participants completed go/no-go tasks during two electroencephalography (EEG) sessions, at baseline and post-intervention. The go/no-go task included "go" cues to low energy-dense foods and non-foods, and "no-go" cues to high energy-dense foods and non-foods. Datasets with poor signal quality and/or outliers were excluded, leaving 48 participants (N = 24 BN; N = 24 BED) in the analyses. Participants allocated to the food-specific, compared to the general intervention group, showed significantly greater reductions in reaction time to low energy-dense foods, compared to non-foods, by post-intervention. Commission errors significantly increased from baseline to post-intervention, regardless of stimulus type (food vs. non-food) and intervention group (food-specific vs. general). There were no significant changes in omission errors. P3 amplitudes to "no-go" cues marginally, but non-significantly, decreased by post-intervention, but there was no significant interaction with stimulus type (high energy-dense food vs. non-food) or intervention group (food-specific vs. general). There were no significant changes in N2 amplitudes to "no-go" cues, N2 amplitudes to "go" cues, or P3 amplitudes to "go" cues from baseline to post-intervention. Training effects were only marginally captured by these event-related potentials. We discuss limitations to the task paradigm, including its two-choice nature, ease of completion, and validity, and give recommendations for future research exploring ERPs using inhibitory control paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Chami
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Cardi
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Institut d’Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CiberObn, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katharina Naomi Eichin
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Grainne McLoughlin
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Takacs A, Zink N, Wolff N, Münchau A, Mückschel M, Beste C. Connecting EEG signal decomposition and response selection processes using the theory of event coding framework. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2862-2877. [PMID: 32150315 PMCID: PMC7294061 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the integration of perception and action are an important topic in cognitive neuroscience. Yet, connections between neurophysiology and cognitive theoretical frameworks have rarely been established. The theory of event coding (TEC) details how perceptions and actions are associated (bound) in a common representational domain (the “event file”), but the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these processes are hardly understood. We used complementary neurophysiological methods to examine the neurophysiology of event file processing (i.e., event‐related potentials [ERPs], temporal EEG signal decomposition, EEG source localization, time‐frequency decomposition, EEG network analysis). We show that the P3 ERP component and activity modulations in inferior parietal regions (BA40) reflect event file binding processes. The relevance of this parietal region is corroborated by source localization of temporally decomposed EEG data. We also show that temporal EEG signal decomposition reveals a pattern of results suggesting that event file processes can be dissociated from pure stimulus and response‐related processes in the EEG signal. Importantly, it is also documented that event file binding processes are reflected by modulations in the network architecture of theta frequency band activity. That is, when stimulus–response bindings in event files hamper response selection this was associated with a less efficient theta network organization. A more efficient organization was evident when stimulus–response binding in event files facilitated response selection. Small‐world network measures seem to reflect event file processing. The results show how cognitive‐theoretical assumptions of TEC can directly be mapped to the neurophysiology of response selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Takacs
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicolas Zink
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Wolff
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Moritz Mückschel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Zhu M, Zhuo B, Cao B, Li F. Distinct brain activation in response to negative feedback at different stages in a variant of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Biol Psychol 2020; 150:107810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Massa E, Köpke B, El Yagoubi R. Age-related effect on language control and executive control in bilingual and monolingual speakers: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Neuropsychologia 2020; 138:107336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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45
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The role of proactive control on subcomponents of language control: Evidence from trilinguals. Cognition 2020; 194:104055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Sidlauskaite J, Dhar M, Sonuga-Barke E, Wiersema JR. Altered proactive control in adults with ADHD: Evidence from event-related potentials during cued task switching. Neuropsychologia 2019; 138:107330. [PMID: 31887312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control has two distinct modes - proactive and reactive (Braver, T. S. (2012). The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(2), 105-112). ADHD has been associated with cognitive control impairments. However, studies have mainly focused on reactive control and not proactive control. Here we investigated neural correlates of proactive and reactive cognitive control in a group of adults with ADHD versus healthy controls by employing a cued switching task while cue informativeness was manipulated and EEG recorded. On the performance level, only a trend to generally slower responding was found in the ADHD group. Cue-locked analyses revealed an attenuated informative-positivity - a differential component appearing when contrasting informative with non-informative alerting cues - and potentially altered lateralisation of the switch-positivity - evident in the contrast between switch and repeat trials for informative cues - in ADHD. No difference in target-locked activity was found. Our results indicate altered proactive rather than reactive control in adults with ADHD, evidenced by less use of cued advance information and abnormal preparatory processes for upcoming tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Sidlauskaite
- Motor Control and Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Leuven University, Belgium.
| | - Monica Dhar
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinical and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Ghent University, Belgium
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Wu CH, Karageorghis CI, Wang CC, Chu CH, Kao SC, Hung TM, Chang YK. Effects of acute aerobic and resistance exercise on executive function: An ERP study. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 22:1367-1372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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48
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Numbers in action during cognitive flexibility – A neurophysiological approach on numerical operations underlying task switching. Cortex 2019; 120:101-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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49
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López Zunini RA, Morrison C, Kousaie S, Taler V. Task switching and bilingualism in young and older adults: A behavioral and electrophysiological investigation. Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Li J, Cao B, Han J, Xie L, Li F. Not inertia but reconfiguration: Asymmetric switch cost in a hierarchical task. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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