1
|
Núñez-Peña MI, Campos-Rodríguez C. Response monitoring in math-anxious individuals in an arithmetic task. Biol Psychol 2024; 186:108759. [PMID: 38360488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We examine whether math anxiety is related to altered response monitoring in an arithmetic task. Response-locked event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were evaluated in 23 highly (HMA) and 23 low math-anxious (LMA) individuals while they performed an arithmetic verification task. We focused on two widely studied ERPs elicited during error processing: error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe). Correct-related negativity (CRN), an ERP elicited after a correct response, was also studied. The expected ERN following errors was found, but groups did not differ in its amplitude. Importantly, LMA individuals showed less negative CRN and more positive Pe amplitudes than their more anxious peers, suggesting more certainty regarding response accuracy and better adaptive behavioral adjustment after committing errors in an arithmetic task in the LMA group. The worse control over response performance and less awareness of correct responses in the HMA group might reduce their ability to 'learn from errors'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Núñez-Peña
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology (Quantitative Psychology Section), Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Carlos Campos-Rodríguez
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology (Quantitative Psychology Section), Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nash K, Leota J, Kleinert T, Hayward DA. Anxiety disrupts performance monitoring: integrating behavioral, event-related potential, EEG microstate, and sLORETA evidence. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:3787-3802. [PMID: 35989310 PMCID: PMC10068301 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety impacts performance monitoring, though theory and past research are split on how and for whom. However, past research has often examined either trait anxiety in isolation or task-dependent state anxiety and has indexed event-related potential components, such as the error-related negativity or post-error positivity (Pe), calculated at a single node during a limited window of time. We introduced 2 key novelties to this electroencephalography research to examine the link between anxiety and performance monitoring: (i) we manipulated antecedent, task-independent, state anxiety to better establish the causal effect; (ii) we conducted moderation analyses to determine how state and trait anxiety interact to impact performance monitoring processes. Additionally, we extended upon previous work by using a microstate analysis approach to isolate and sequence the neural networks and rapid mental processes in response to error commission. Results showed that state anxiety disrupts response accuracy in the Stroop task and error-related neural processes, primarily during a Pe-related microstate. Source localization shows that this disruption involves reduced activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and compensatory activation in the right lateral prefrontal cortex, particularly among people high in trait anxiety. We conclude that antecedent anxiety is largely disruptive to performance monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Nash
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P-217 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Josh Leota
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Tobias Kleinert
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P-217 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.,Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dana A Hayward
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P-217 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nuñez-Estupiñan X, Berticelli LZ, de Almeida RMM, Gauer G. Aversiveness of errors and the error-related negativity (ERN): A systematic review on the affective states' manipulations findings. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:754-776. [PMID: 35396631 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Error-related negativity (ERN) has been used to investigate neural mechanisms underlying error processing and conflict monitoring. Recent evidence highlights that affective and motivational states modulate the ERN and that aversiveness of errors plays a vital role in error monitoring. Therefore, our primary objective was to systematically evaluate and describe the influence of affect state-related manipulations on the ERN. A total of 51 publications identified from PsyInfo, PubMed, and PsyArticles databases were included following the Prisma procedures for systematic reviews. Papers were analyzed using sample attributes, psychological paradigms, and states manipulations. The present study shows that the ERN component has recurrently appeared to be sensitive to manipulations of affective states in the reviewed literature. However, conclusive findings concerning the affect state-dependent properties of the ERN remain elusive. Results are discussed considering heterogeneity in paradigms, variables, and the state-trait interactions. Furthermore, recommendations for future high-quality studies are provided along with the necessity of upcoming high-power replication attempts and more studies with positive affect manipulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiomara Nuñez-Estupiñan
- Departamento de Psicologia Do Desenvolvimento E da Personalidade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, RS, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
- Laboratorio de Psicologia Experimental Neurociências E Comportamento (LPNeC), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
- Laboratorio de Biosinais Cognitivos (BioSig), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
| | - Lucas Zanatta Berticelli
- Departamento de Psicologia Do Desenvolvimento E da Personalidade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, RS, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratorio de Biosinais Cognitivos (BioSig), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Rosa Maria Martins de Almeida
- Departamento de Psicologia Do Desenvolvimento E da Personalidade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, RS, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratorio de Psicologia Experimental Neurociências E Comportamento (LPNeC), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Gauer
- Departamento de Psicologia Do Desenvolvimento E da Personalidade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, RS, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratorio de Biosinais Cognitivos (BioSig), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Error Processing and Pain: A New Perspective. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1811-1822. [PMID: 35643271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Errors put organisms in danger. Upon error commission, error processing allows for the updating of behavior that proved ineffective in light of the current context and goals, and for the activation of behavioral defensive systems. Pain, on the other hand, signals actual or potential danger to one's physical integrity and, likewise, motivates protective behavior. These parallels suggest the existence of cross-links between pain and error processing but so far their relationship remains elusive. In this review, we tie together findings from the field of pain research with those from electroencephalography studies on error processing [specifically the Error Related Negativity (ERN) and Positivity (Pe)]. More precisely, we discuss three plausible associations: Firstly, pain may enhance error processing as it increases error salience. Secondly, persons fearful of pain may be particularly vigilant towards painful errors and thus show a stronger neural response to them. Thirdly, the ERN as a component of the neural response to error commission is considered an endophenotype of threat sensitivity. As high sensitivity to pain threats is known to incite avoidance behavior, this raises the intriguing possibility that neural signatures of error processing predict pain-related protective behaviors, such as avoidance. We propose an integration of these findings into a common framework to inspire future research. Perspectives Inspired by research in anxiety disorders, we discuss the potential bi-directional relationships between error processing and pain, and identify future directions to examine the neural and psychological processes involved in acute and chronic pain and respective avoidance behavior.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu L, Feng D, Li Y, Xu J, Zheng J. The Effect of Safety Signs on the Monitoring of Conflict and Erroneous Response. Front Psychol 2022; 13:830929. [PMID: 35250774 PMCID: PMC8891479 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.830929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety sign is important in our daily life and workplace to prevent potential safety issues. However, it remains undetermined whether the safety signs would influence the cognitive control ability of the people, which serves to guide the behaviors in a goal-directed manner. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of safety signs on cognitive control by uncovering the behavioral performance and neural manifestations underlying the monitoring of conflict and error. The participants performed a flanker task after watching low- and high-hazard safety signs with the electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded continually. The behavioral results indicated a classic congruency effect with higher accuracy rate and faster response time under a congruent condition compared to an incongruent condition. However, no hazard effect on behavioral performances was observed. The results of event-related potentials (ERPs) demonstrated a more negative N2 elicited by the incongruent trials and an increased (error-related negativity) ERN difference between the error and correct responses in the high-hazard condition compared to those in the low-hazard condition, implying that the monitoring of the conflict and error were both enhanced after watching the high-hazard safety signs. This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between safety signs and cognitive control, and further expand the measurements that can be applied to assess the effectiveness of safety signs design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Hu
- School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Hantemu Valve Co., Ltd., Lishui, China
| | - Dingzhong Feng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yelang Li
- Zhejiang Hantemu Valve Co., Ltd., Lishui, China
| | - Jinwu Xu
- Zhejiang Hantemu Valve Co., Ltd., Lishui, China
| | - Jiehui Zheng
- Alibaba Business School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiehui Zheng,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahumada-Méndez F, Lucero B, Avenanti A, Saracini C, Muñoz-Quezada MT, Cortés-Rivera C, Canales-Johnson A. Affective modulation of cognitive control: A systematic review of EEG studies. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Modulatory effects of positive mood and approach motivation on reward processing: Two sides of the same coin? COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 20:236-249. [PMID: 32043206 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study (Paul & Pourtois, 2017), we found that positive mood substantially influenced the neural processing of reward, mostly by altering expectations and creating an optimistic bias. Under positive mood, the Reward Positivity (RewP) component and fronto-medial theta activity (FMθ) in response to monetary feedback were both changed compared with neutral mood. Nevertheless, whether positive valence per se or motivational intensity drove these neurophysiological effects remained unclear. To address this question, we combined a mindset manipulation with an imagery procedure to create and maintain three different affective states using a between-subjects design: a neutral mood, and positive mood with either high or low motivational intensity. After mood induction, 161 participants performed a simple gambling task while 64-channel EEG was recorded. FMθ activity results showed that irrespective of motivational intensity, positive compared with neutral mood altered reward expectancy. By comparison, RewP was not affected by positive mood nor motivational intensity. These results suggest that positive mood, rather than motivational intensity, is likely driving the change in reward expectation during gambling, which could reflect the presence of an optimistic bias. Moreover, at the methodological level, they confirm that the RewP ERP component and FMθ activity can capture dissociable effects during reward processing.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pain by mistake: investigating a link between error-related negativity and pain avoidance behavior. Pain 2021; 163:e190-e201. [PMID: 34074947 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain can be considered as a signal of "bodily error": Errors put organisms at danger and activate behavioral defensive systems. If the error is of physical nature, pain is the warning signal that motivates protective action such as avoidance behavior to safeguard our body's integrity. Interestingly, an important component of neural error processing, the error-related negativity (ERN), has been found to be related to avoidance in anxiety disorders. The present study is the first to extend these findings to pain and investigate the relationship between ERN and pain-related avoidance behavior. It was hypothesized that individuals with larger ERN amplitudes would show more pain-related avoidance behavior and would be more persistent in their avoidance despite changes in the environment. Fifty-three healthy individuals performed the Eriksen Flanker task during which their brain activity upon correct and erroneous motor responses was recorded by means of high-density electroencephalography. Avoidance behavior was assessed with an arm-reaching task using the HapticMaster robot arm. Results showed that, in contrast to our hypothesis, avoidance was not related to ERN amplitudes. Surprisingly, persons with elevated ERN amplitudes showed low levels of avoidance specifically during early acquisition trials. In contrast to earlier findings in anxiety disorders, individuals with elevated ERN amplitudes did not engage in more pain-related avoidance behavior. In fact, the opposite pattern was found at the start of acquisition: individuals with higher compared to lower ERN amplitudes were slower in learning to avoid pain. Replications and future studies on the relationship between ERN and avoidance behavior are needed.
Collapse
|
9
|
König N, Steber S, Borowski A, Bliem HR, Rossi S. Neural Processing of Cognitive Control in an Emotionally Neutral Context in Anxiety Patients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:543. [PMID: 33925958 PMCID: PMC8146407 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cognitive control plays a crucial role in anxiety disorders and is associated with deficient neural mechanisms in the fronto-parietal network. Usually, these deficits were found in tasks with an emotional context. The present study aimed at investigating electrophysiological and vascular signatures from event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in anxiety patients versus healthy controls during an inhibition task integrated in an emotionally neutral context. Neural markers were acquired during the completion of a classical Eriksen flanker task. The focus of data analysis has been the ERPs N200 and P300 and fNIRS activations in addition to task performance. No behavioral or neural group differences were identified. ERP findings showed a larger N2pc and a delayed and reduced P300 for incongruent stimuli. The N2pc modulation suggests the reorienting of attention to salient stimuli, while the P300 indicates longer lasting stimulus evaluation processes due to increased task difficulty. FNIRS did not result in any significant activation potentially suggesting a contribution from deeper brain areas not measurable with fNIRS. The missing group difference in our non-emotional task indicates that no generalized cognitive control deficit but rather a more emotionally driven deficit is present in anxiety patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola König
- ICONE-Innsbruck Cognitive Neuroscience, Department for Hearing, Speech and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarah Steber
- ICONE-Innsbruck Cognitive Neuroscience, Department for Hearing, Speech and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Borowski
- ICONE-Innsbruck Cognitive Neuroscience, Department for Hearing, Speech and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald R. Bliem
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Rossi
- ICONE-Innsbruck Cognitive Neuroscience, Department for Hearing, Speech and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Emotion regulation strategy of self-focused and situation-focused reappraisal and their impact on subsequent cognitive control. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
Conflict-monitoring theory proposes that conflict between incompatible responses is registered by a dedicated monitoring system, and that this conflict signal triggers changes of attentional filters and adapts control processes according to the current task demands. Extending the conflict-monitoring theory, it has been suggested that conflict elicits a negative affective reaction, and that it is this affective signal that is monitored and then triggers control adaptation. This review article summarizes research on a potential signaling function of affect for cognitive control. First, we provide an overview of the conflict-monitoring theory, discuss neurophysiological and behavioral markers of monitoring and control adaptation, and introduce the affective-signaling hypothesis. In a second part, we review relevant studies that address the questions of (i) whether conflict elicits negative affect, (ii) whether negative affect is monitored, and (iii) whether affect modulates control. In sum, the reviewed literature supports the claim that conflict and errors trigger negative affect and provides some support for the claim that affect modulates control. However, studies on the monitoring of negative affect and the influence of phasic affect on control are ambiguous. On the basis of these findings, in a third part, we critically reassess the affective-signaling hypothesis, discuss relevant challenges to this account, and suggest future research strategies.
Collapse
|
12
|
The association between parenting and the error-related negativity across childhood and adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100852. [PMID: 32890958 PMCID: PMC7479325 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is the most common form of psychopathology, and it is often characterized by chronic impairment across the lifespan. Researchers have identified core neural markers that confer risk for anxious outcomes. An increased error-related negativity (ERN) in anxious individuals has been shown to prospectively predict onset of anxiety disorders across development. Hence, it is critical to examine environmental factors that may shape the ERN. In the current study, we use a large sample of 170 female adolescents aged 10-17 to investigate whether the ERN mediates the relationship between parenting style and anxiety diagnostic status. This study replicates previous findings, and it extends previous work by suggesting that this relationship is more robust in young children as compared to adolescents. Interventions targeting the ERN via parenting may be most effective during childhood.
Collapse
|
13
|
Härpfer K, Carsten HP, Spychalski D, Kathmann N, Riesel A. Were we erring? The impact of worry and arousal on error-related negativity in a non-clinical sample. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13661. [PMID: 32804403 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of one's own actions allows humans to adjust to a changing and complex world. Previous neuroscientific research found overactive action monitoring and increased sensitivity to errors to be associated with anxiety and it is assumed to contribute to the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. A largely shared decomposition of anxiety differentiates two dimensions: anxious apprehension (i.e., worry) and anxious arousal (i.e., physiological hyperarousal). Alterations in neural correlates of error monitoring have been more closely linked to anxious apprehension compared to anxious arousal. This study examined the relationship between anxiety dimensions and electrophysiological correlates of action monitoring (i.e., error-related negativity, ERN, and correct-response negativity, CRN). A total of 135 non-clinical participants performed a flanker task while their electroencephalogram was recorded. We recruited participants with converging and diverging anxiety dimension profiles (i.e., above or below median in anxious apprehension and anxious arousal or above median in one and below in the other dimension). This grouping strategy facilitates disentangling possible interactions and allows the investigation of the isolated effect of each anxiety dimension. Regression analyses did not reveal a significant main or interaction effect of anxiety dimensions on ERN or CRN, irrespective of gender. In addition, Bayesian statistical analyzes yielded evidence for the absence of an association between both anxiety dimensions and ERN and CRN. Altogether, our results suggest that the association of anxiety dimensions, particularly anxious apprehension, and action monitoring might be smaller in non-clinical samples as previous studies indicate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Härpfer
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Spychalski
- Department of Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Riesel
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rodeback RE, Hedges-Muncy A, Hunt IJ, Carbine KA, Steffen PR, Larson MJ. The Association Between Experimentally Induced Stress, Performance Monitoring, and Response Inhibition: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:189. [PMID: 32581742 PMCID: PMC7291882 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is increasingly associated with alterations in performance and affect. Yet, the relationship between experimentally induced psychological stress and neural indices of performance monitoring and error processing, as well as response inhibition, are unclear. Using scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs), we tested the relationship between experimental stress, using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and the error-related negativity (ERN), error positivity (Pe), and N2 ERP components. A final sample of 71 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to go through the TSST (n = 36; 18 female) or a brief mindfulness relaxation exercise (n = 35; 16 female) immediately followed by a go/no-go task while electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected. Salivary cortisol, heart rate, and blood pressure confirmed increased physiological stress in the TSST group relative to control. Reaction times, accuracy, and post-error slowing did not differ by stress group. Two-group (TSST, control) by 2-trial type (correct, incorrect for ERN/Pe; go correct, no-go correct for N2) repeated measures ANOVAs for the ERN, Pe, and N2 showed the expected main effects of trial type; neither the ERN nor the N2 ERP components showed interactions with the stress manipulation. In contrast, the Pe component showed a significant Group by Trial interaction, with reduced Pe amplitude following the stress condition relative to control. Pe amplitude did not, however, correlate with cortisol reactivity. Findings suggest a reduction in Pe amplitude following experimental stress that may be associated with reduced error awareness or attention to errors following the TSST. Given the variability in the extant literature on the relationship between experimentally induced stress and neurophysiological reflections of performance monitoring, we provide another point of data and conclude that better understanding of moderating variables is needed followed by high-powered replication studies to get at the nuance that is not yet understood in the relationship between induced stress and performance monitoring/response inhibition processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah E. Rodeback
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Ariana Hedges-Muncy
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Isaac J. Hunt
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Kaylie A. Carbine
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Patrick R. Steffen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Michael J. Larson
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Muir AM, Hedges‐Muncy A, Clawson A, Carbine KA, Larson MJ. Dimensions of anxiety and depression and neurophysiological indicators of error‐monitoring: Relationship with delta and theta oscillatory power and error‐related negativity amplitude. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13595. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Clawson
- Department of Neuropsychology Children’s National Hospital Washington DC USA
| | | | - Michael J. Larson
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
- Neuroscience Center Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Riesel A. The erring brain: Error-related negativity as an endophenotype for OCD-A review and meta-analysis. Psychophysiology 2020; 56:e13348. [PMID: 30838682 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that is associated with high personal and societal costs. Feelings of doubt, worry, and repetitive behavior, key symptoms of OCD, have been linked to hyperactive error signals in the brain. The error-related negativity (ERN) represents a validated marker of error processing in the ERP. Increased ERN amplitudes in OCD have been reported very robustly over the last 20 years. This article integrates results from 38 studies analyzing the ERN in OCD, using a quantitative meta-analysis. Meta-regressions were used to examine potential moderators such as task type, symptom severity, age, and sample size. The meta-analysis reveals a robust increase of ERN in OCD patients compared to healthy participants in response-conflict tasks (SMD -0.55) that is not modulated by symptom severity and age. No increase in ERN in OCD was observed in tasks that do not induce response conflict (SMD -0.10). In addition to the meta-analysis, the current article reviews evidence supporting that increased ERN amplitudes in OCD fulfill central criteria for an endophenotype. Further, the specificity of increased ERN amplitudes for OCD and its suitability as a potential transdiagnostic endophenotype is discussed. Finally, the clinical utility and clinical applications are examined. Overall, the evidence that increased ERN amplitudes represent a promising endophenotype indicating vulnerability for OCD is compelling. Furthermore, alterations in ERN are not limited to OCD and may constitute a transdiagnostic endophenotype. Altered neural error signals might serve as a diagnostic or predictive marker and represent a promising target for interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Riesel
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qi M, Gao H. Acute psychological stress promotes general alertness and attentional control processes: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13521. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Qi
- School of Psychology Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
| | - Heming Gao
- School of Psychology Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Punishment has a persistent effect on error-related brain activity in highly anxious individuals twenty-four hours after conditioning. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 146:63-72. [PMID: 31648027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect and respond to errors, and to subsequently recruit cognitive control to remediate those errors, is critical to successful adaptation in a changing environment. However, there is also evidence that, for anxious individuals, this error signal is enhanced, highlighting affective and motivational influences on error monitoring. These individual differences arise as a function of both genetic influences and learning experiences. In this study, we examined punishment-based modulation of the error-related negativity (ERN) in high and low anxious individuals across two days. Twenty-two low- and 25 high-anxious participants performed a Flanker task in a standard and punishment condition in three phases (Day one: acquisition and extinction 1, Day two: extinction 2). During the acquisition phase, errors in one condition were punished by a loud noise. This was followed by an immediate extinction phase (extinction 1), during which errors were no longer punished, and an identical extinction phase 24 h later (extinction 2). Only high anxious individuals showed increased ERN amplitudes in the punishment compared to the standard condition. This effect was not modulated by phase and was observed across acquisition and both extinction phases, such that anxious individuals appeared not to learn that the threat value of formerly-punished errors had changed in the course of the experiment. These data suggest that environmental factors (i.e., punishment) can have a persistent effect on the magnitude of the ERN, particularly for anxious individuals. This may point to a pathogenic mechanism linking learning experiences with the development of overactive error-monitoring in anxiety.
Collapse
|
19
|
Electrophysiology of goal-directed versus habitual control during outcome devaluation. Cortex 2019; 119:401-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
20
|
The impact of recent and concurrent affective context on cognitive control: An ERP study of performance monitoring. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 143:44-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
The relationship between chronic perceived stress and error processing: evidence from event-related potentials. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11605. [PMID: 31406186 PMCID: PMC6690988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to stress has a wide effect on the brain and cognition. Error processing, as one of the crucial components of executive function, plays an important role in cognitive and behavior control. However, to date, there is little research addressing the relationship between chronic perceived stress and error processing. The present study aims to explore the relationship between chronic perceived stress by the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and different stages of error processing by the method of Event-Related Potential (ERP). The error processing was tested in a classical auditory Go/NoGo paradigm, and ERP components including early Error-related Negativity (ERN) and late Error Positivity (Pe) were computed as the indices of error processing. The results showed that the PSS score was positively correlated with the Pe amplitude but not with the ERN amplitude. The correlation between PSS and the Pe amplitude holds true even after controlling the trait anxiety and depression symptoms. These results suggest that the higher the chronic stress level, the more sensitive the individuals are to their own errors as well as the more emotional/motivated attention the individuals distributed to their own errors.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ladouceur CD, Tan PZ, Sharma V, Bylsma LM, Silk JS, Siegle GJ, Forbes EE, McMakin DL, Dahl RE, Kendall PC, Mannarino A, Ryan ND. Error-related brain activity in pediatric anxiety disorders remains elevated following individual therapy: a randomized clinical trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:1152-1161. [PMID: 29603219 PMCID: PMC6165715 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are associated with an overactive action monitoring system as indexed by a larger error-related negativity (ERN). This study tests whether ERN magnitude changes following treatment, predicts response to treatment, and varies by treatment type. METHODS The sample included 130 youth (9-14 years): youth with an anxiety disorder (ANX; n = 100) and healthy control (HC; n = 30) youth with no lifetime DSM-IV disorders. ANX youth were randomized to either a manualized cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) or a comparison child-centered therapy (CCT). The ERN was assessed before and after 16 sessions of treatment and within a comparable interval for HC. Subjective ratings about making errors on the task were obtained following each testing session. The ClinicalTrials.gov identifier is NCT00774150. RESULTS The ERN was larger in ANX than HC youth but ERN magnitude did not significantly change following treatment in the ANX youth, regardless of treatment type, and baseline ERN did not predict treatment response. Post-task ratings revealed that ANX youth worried more about task performance feedback than HC. Like the ERN, mean ratings did not significantly change following treatment. However, these ratings were not correlated with ERN amplitude. CONCLUSIONS Findings of greater ERN in pediatric anxiety disorders are replicated in a larger sample. More importantly, findings from this randomized control trial show that a larger ERN and feeling worried about performance feedback remain unchanged following treatment and are unrelated to treatment response. Such findings suggest that action monitoring systems remain overactive in anxious youth treated with psychotherapy, suggesting the need for future investigation of whether novel complimentary cognitive and emotional training programs can modify these systems would be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile D. Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patricia Z. Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vinod Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lauren M. Bylsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jennifer S. Silk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Greg J. Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dana L. McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Ronald E. Dahl
- Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | | | | | - Neal D. Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hill KE, Ait Oumeziane B, Novak KD, Rollock D, Foti D. Variation in reward- and error-related neural measures attributable to age, gender, race, and ethnicity. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 132:353-364. [PMID: 29274364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been widely applied to the study of individual differences in reward and error processing, including recent proposals of several ERPs as possible biomarkers of mental illness. A criterion for all biomarkers, however, is that they be generalizable across the relevant populations, something which has yet to be demonstrated for many commonly studied reward- and error-related ERPs. The aim of this study was to examine variation in reward and error-related ERPs across core demographic variables: age, gender, race, and ethnicity. Data was drawn from three studies with relatively large samples (N range 207-527). Results demonstrated that ERPs varied across the demographic variables of interest. Several examples include attenuated reward-related ERPs with increasing age, larger error-related ERPs for men than women, and larger ERPs to feedback after losses for individuals who identified as Hispanic/Latino. Overall, these analyses suggest systematic variation in ERPs that is attributable to core demographic variables, which could give rise to seemingly inconsistent results across studies to the extent that these sample characteristics differ. Future psychophysiological studies should include these analyses as standard practice and assess how these differences might exacerbate, mask, or confound relationships of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dan Foti
- Purdue University, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Meyer A, Carlton C, Crisler S, Kallen A. The development of the error-related negativity in large sample of adolescent females: Associations with anxiety symptoms. Biol Psychol 2018; 138:96-103. [PMID: 30201401 PMCID: PMC6279523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is the most common form of psychopathology and tends to begin early in the course of development. Given this, there is great interest in identifying developmental changes in neural systems that may delineate healthy versus anxious trajectories. A substantial amount of work has focused on the error-related negativity as a neural marker of anxiety. The ERN is a negative deflection in the event-related potential that occurs when individuals make mistakes and is increased in anxious individuals. A separate body of work has focused on normative developmental changes in the ERN - demonstrating an age-related increase in the ERN that occurs across childhood and adolescence. In the current study, we examine the ERN in relation to specific phenotypic expressions of anxiety during a core risk period in a sample of females (N = 220) ranging from 8 to 14 years old. Results from the current study suggest that error-related brain activity is related to both parent and child report of social anxiety symptoms, even when controlling for all other symptom scales. Additionally, mediation models suggest that the normative developmental increase observed in the ERN is partially mediated by increases in social anxiety symptoms. The current results are novel insofar as they identify a specific phenotypic expression of anxiety that underlies developmental increases in this neural biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107W Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States.
| | - Corinne Carlton
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107W Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States
| | - Sierah Crisler
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107W Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States
| | - Alex Kallen
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107W Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sucec J, Herzog M, Van Diest I, Van den Bergh O, von Leupoldt A. The impact of dyspnea and threat of dyspnea on error processing. Psychophysiology 2018; 56:e13278. [PMID: 30252140 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dyspnea (breathlessness) is a threatening and aversive bodily sensation and a major symptom of various diseases. It has been suggested to impair several aspects of functioning in affected patients, but experimental proof for this assumption is widely absent. Error processing is an important domain of functioning and has intensively been studied using electrophysiological measures. Specifically, the error-related negativity (ERN) has been suggested to reflect early performance monitoring and error detection, while the error positivity (Pe) has been linked to subsequent error awareness. So far, little is known about the effects of anticipated or perceived dyspnea on error processing. Therefore, in 49 healthy participants, we studied the effects of experimentally induced dyspnea and threat of dyspnea on the ERN/Pe and behavioral task performance. Participants performed the arrowhead version of the flanker task during three experimental conditions: an unloaded baseline condition, a dyspnea condition, and a threat of dyspnea condition. Dyspnea was induced by breathing through inspiratory resistive loads, while high-density EEG was continuously measured. No differences in task performance (reaction times, error rates) and ERN mean amplitudes were found between conditions. However, mean amplitudes for the Pe differed between conditions with smaller Pe amplitudes during threat of dyspnea compared to baseline and dyspnea conditions, with the latter two conditions showing no difference. These results may suggest that threat of dyspnea, but not dyspnea itself, reduces error awareness, while both seem to have no impact on early error processing and related behavioral performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Sucec
- Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ilse Van Diest
- Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Senderecka M, Ociepka M, Matyjek M, Kroczek B. Post-error Brain Activity Correlates With Incidental Memory for Negative Words. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:178. [PMID: 29867408 PMCID: PMC5951961 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study had three main objectives. First, we aimed to evaluate whether short-duration affective states induced by negative and positive words can lead to increased error-monitoring activity relative to a neutral task condition. Second, we intended to determine whether such an enhancement is limited to words of specific valence or is a general response to arousing material. Third, we wanted to assess whether post-error brain activity is associated with incidental memory for negative and/or positive words. Participants performed an emotional stop-signal task that required response inhibition to negative, positive or neutral nouns while EEG was recorded. Immediately after the completion of the task, they were instructed to recall as many of the presented words as they could in an unexpected free recall test. We observed significantly greater brain activity in the error-positivity (Pe) time window in both negative and positive trials. The error-related negativity amplitudes were comparable in both the neutral and emotional arousing trials, regardless of their valence. Regarding behavior, increased processing of emotional words was reflected in better incidental recall. Importantly, the memory performance for negative words was positively correlated with the Pe amplitude, particularly in the negative condition. The source localization analysis revealed that the subsequent memory recall for negative words was associated with widespread bilateral brain activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and in the medial frontal gyrus, which was registered in the Pe time window during negative trials. The present study has several important conclusions. First, it indicates that the emotional enhancement of error monitoring, as reflected by the Pe amplitude, may be induced by stimuli with symbolic, ontogenetically learned emotional significance. Second, it indicates that the emotion-related enhancement of the Pe occurs across both negative and positive conditions, thus it is preferentially driven by the arousal content of an affective stimuli. Third, our findings suggest that enhanced error monitoring and facilitated recall of negative words may both reflect responsivity to negative events. More speculatively, they can also indicate that post-error activity of the medial prefrontal cortex may selectively support encoding for negative stimuli and contribute to their privileged access to memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Ociepka
- Institute of Computer Science and Computational Mathematics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Matyjek
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartłomiej Kroczek
- Institute of Computer Science and Computational Mathematics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Khan NI, Burkhouse KL, Lieberman L, Gorka SM, DiGangi JA, Schroth C, Frederick A, Kennedy AE, Aase DM, Greenstein JE, Proescher E, Hajcak G, Phan KL. Individual differences in combat experiences and error-related brain activity in OEF/OIF/OND veterans. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 129:52-57. [PMID: 29704581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased error-related negativity (ERN) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple forms of psychopathology. Although there is increasing evidence that the ERN can be shaped by environment and experience, no studies to date have examined this question in a clinical sample. In the current study, we examined the influence of combat exposure on the ERN using electroencephalogram (EEG) in a sample of military veterans with a high prevalence of psychopathology. Participants included sixty-seven U.S. military veterans from Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND). The degree of combat exposure was assessed using the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2) and Combat Exposure Scale (CES). A well-validated flanker task was used to elicit the ERN during continuous EEG recording. Results revealed that veterans who reported experiencing greater combat exposure exhibited a more enhanced ERN, even when adjusting for broad anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The association between combat exposure and ERN was not moderated by PTSD symptom severity. The current study demonstrates that greater combat exposure is associated with a more enhanced ERN among OEF/OIF/OND veterans. This enhanced ERN may be one mechanism that places veterans at greater risk for developing psychiatric disorders following exposure to combat. Future longitudinal studies are needed to directly test whether the ERN mediates the relation between level of combat exposure and the development of internalizing disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen I Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | - Lynne Lieberman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Julia A DiGangi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | | | - Alyssa Frederick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Amy E Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Darrin M Aase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States; College of Health and Human Services, Governors State University, United States
| | - Justin E Greenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States
| | - Eric Proescher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology and Biological Sciences, United States
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Meyer A, Hajcak G, Torpey-Newman D, Kujawa A, Olino TM, Dyson M, Klein DN. Early temperamental fearfulness and the developmental trajectory of error-related brain activity. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:224-231. [PMID: 29344944 PMCID: PMC5815917 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential waveform that occurs when an individual makes a mistake, and an increased ERN has been proposed as a biomarker for anxiety. However, previous work suggests that fearful children are characterized by a smaller ERN. We have proposed that this may reflect the changing phenomenology of anxiety across development. In the current study, we investigate this possibility using a longitudinal within-subject design. In 271 children, we completed observational measures of fear when the children were 3 years old, and then measured the ERN when the children were 6 and 9 years old. Fearful children were characterized by a decreased ERN when they were 6-year-old; by age 9, the same children who were fearful at age 3 had increased ERNs-a pattern that closely resembles that of anxious adolescents and adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Corresponding Author: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32304, Phone: 850-692-8110,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Senderecka M. Emotional enhancement of error detection-The role of perceptual processing and inhibition monitoring in failed auditory stop trials. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:1-20. [PMID: 29076064 PMCID: PMC5823965 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The first aim of the present study was to test whether arousing, aversive sounds can influence inhibitory task performance and lead to increased error monitoring relative to a neutral task condition. The second aim was to examine whether the enhancement of error monitoring in an affective context (if present) could be predicted from stop-signal-related brain activity. Participants performed an emotional stop-signal task that required response inhibition to aversive and neutral auditory stimuli. The behavioral data revealed that unpleasant sounds facilitated inhibitory processing by decreasing the stop-signal reaction time and increasing the inhibitory rate relative to neutral tones. Aversive sounds evoked larger N1, P3, and Pe components, indicating improvements in perceptual processing, inhibition, and conscious error monitoring. A first regression analysis, conducted regardless of the category of the stop signal, revealed that both selected indexes of stop-signal-related brain activity-the N1 and P3 amplitudes recorded in the unsuccessfully inhibited trials-significantly accounted for the Pe component variance, explaining a large amount of the observed variation (66%). A second regression model, focused on difference measures (emotional minus neutral), revealed that the affective increase in the P3 amplitude on failed stop trials was the only factor that significantly accounted for the emotional enhancement effect in the Pe amplitude. This suggests that, in general (regardless of stop-signal condition), error processing is stronger if the erroneous response directly follows the stimulus, which was effectively processed on both the perceptual and action-monitoring levels. However, only inhibition-monitoring evidence accounts for the emotional increase in conscious error detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Senderecka
- Cognitive Science Unit, Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Grodzka 52, 31-044, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Voegler R, Peterburs J, Lemke H, Ocklenburg S, Liepelt R, Straube T. Electrophysiological correlates of performance monitoring under social observation in patients with social anxiety disorder and healthy controls. Biol Psychol 2018; 132:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
31
|
Gorka SM, Burkhouse KL, Afshar K, Phan KL. Error-related brain activity and internalizing disorder symptom dimensions in depression and anxiety. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:985-995. [PMID: 28940987 DOI: 10.1002/da.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that enhanced neural reactivity to errors, measured via the error-related negativity (ERN), is relatively unique to internalizing psychopathologies (IPs) and symptom clusters characterized by excessive worry and apprehension. However, no prior study has tested the association between the ERN and IP symptom dimensions in a heterogeneous, clinically representative patient population. The current study was designed to address this gap in the literature and clarify the role of the ERN in an adult IP treatment-seeking patient sample. METHOD Eighty-five participants completed a well-validated flanker task known to robustly elicit the ERN and a battery of questionnaires assessing a range of IP symptoms. All participants had at least one IP diagnosis and over 75% had co-occurring IPs. A principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the questionnaire data indicating two distinct factors that characterized the IP sample: affective distress/misery and fear-based anxiety. RESULTS Analyses indicated that within this sample, an enhanced ERN, but not CRN, was associated with greater fear-based anxiety symptoms but had no relation with distress/misery symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that an enhanced ERN may not be specific to worry/apprehension and may extend to the IP fear dimension. The results also converge with a broader literature suggesting that fear-based psychopathology is characterized by an exaggerated reactivity to threat and this objective, psychophysiological response tendency may distinguish fear disorders from distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kaveh Afshar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Mental Health Service Line, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meyer A, Gawlowska M. Evidence for specificity of the impact of punishment on error-related brain activity in high versus low trait anxious individuals. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 120:157-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
33
|
Moser JS. The Nature of the Relationship Between Anxiety and the Error-Related Negativity Across Development. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2017; 4:309-321. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-017-0132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
34
|
Attentional resources modulate error processing-related brain electrical activity: Evidence from a dual-task design. Brain Res 2017; 1670:68-75. [PMID: 28578905 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Attention plays an important role in the processing of error, but only a few studies have explored the relationship between them. The current study used a dual-task paradigm, combining the classic flanker task with a working memory load task, to explore how changes in the amount of attentional resources modulate error negativity (Ne) and error positivity (Pe). The results showed that the reduction of attentional resources overall caused a decrease in Pe amplitude, especially in the late stage of Pe, which had a significant diminution in amplitude. However, changes in the amount of attentional resources did not cause significant changes in the Ne amplitude. These results suggest that the early stage of error processing in the Ne time window is less affected by attention, but the Pe stage is regulated by attentional resources, especially in the late Pe stage.
Collapse
|
35
|
Masaki H, Maruo Y, Meyer A, Hajcak G. Neural Correlates of Choking Under Pressure: Athletes High in Sports Anxiety Monitor Errors More When Performance Is Being Evaluated. Dev Neuropsychol 2017; 42:104-112. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2016.1274314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Masaki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuya Maruo
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Alexandria Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kaunhoven RJ, Dorjee D. How does mindfulness modulate self-regulation in pre-adolescent children? An integrative neurocognitive review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 74:163-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
37
|
Rossi V, Pourtois G. Someone’s lurking in the dark: The role of state anxiety on attention deployment to threat-related stimuli. Biol Psychol 2017; 122:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
38
|
ERN, theta power, and risk for anxiety problems in preschoolers. Biol Psychol 2016; 123:103-110. [PMID: 27939699 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Error Related Negativity (ERN) is a neural marker of performance monitoring that has been inconsistently linked to anxiety risk in children. One avenue for understanding inconsistencies is to investigate other neural dynamics linked to ERN. In this study, we investigated interactions between ERN and power in the theta frequency band, which is associated with attentional control and theorized to contribute ERN, in association with childhood anxiety risk. Fifty-nine 3-year-old children provided usable EEG data during a modified go/no-go task. Associations between ERN and anxious behaviors in preschoolers were moderated by theta power during incorrect trials. Specifically, when theta power was low, greater ERN predicted more social withdrawal; when theta power was high, ERN and social withdrawal were unrelated. Our findings suggest that ERN and theta may jointly contribute to anxiety risk in early childhood.
Collapse
|
39
|
Gorka SM, MacNamara A, Aase DM, Proescher E, Greenstein JE, Walters R, Passi H, Babione JM, Levy DM, Kennedy AE, DiGangi JA, Rabinak CA, Schroth C, Afshar K, Fitzgerald J, Hajcak G, Phan KL. Impact of alcohol use disorder comorbidity on defensive reactivity to errors in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2016; 30:733-742. [PMID: 27786513 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that individuals with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) may be characterized by heightened defensive reactivity, which serves to maintain drinking behaviors and anxiety/hyperarousal symptoms. However, it is important to note that very few studies have directly tested whether individuals with PTSD and AUD exhibit greater defensive reactivity compared with individuals with PTSD without AUD. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to test this emerging hypothesis by examining individual differences in error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related component that is larger among anxious individuals and is thought to reflect defensive reactivity to errors. Participants were 66 military veterans who completed a well-validated flanker task known to robustly elicit the ERN. Veterans were comprised of 3 groups: controls (i.e., no PTSD or AUD), PTSD-AUD (i.e., current PTSD but no AUD), and PTSD + AUD (i.e., current comorbid PTSD and AUD). Results indicated that individuals with PTSD and controls generally did not differ in ERN amplitude. However, among individuals with PTSD, those with comorbid AUD had significantly larger ERNs than those without AUD. These findings suggest that PTSD + AUD is a neurobiologically unique subtype of PTSD, and the comorbidity of AUD may enhance defensive reactivity to errors in individuals with PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darrin M Aase
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Eric Proescher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Justin E Greenstein
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Robert Walters
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Holly Passi
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Joseph M Babione
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - David M Levy
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Amy E Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | | | | | - Kaveh Afshar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Developing Psychiatric Biomarkers: a Review Focusing on the Error-Related Negativity as a Biomarker for Anxiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40501-016-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
41
|
Modulatory effects of happy mood on performance monitoring: Insights from error-related brain potentials. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 17:106-123. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
42
|
Error monitoring is related to processing internal affective states. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 16:1050-1062. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
43
|
Roh D, Chang JG, Kim CH. Emotional interference modulates performance monitoring in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 68:44-51. [PMID: 27012477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced performance monitoring in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), typically measured by error-related negativity (ERN), provides evidence for the fronto-striatal model of OCD. Here, we examined whether performance monitoring in OCD patients is modulated by emotional interference induced by task-irrelevant emotional stimuli. METHODS A modified version of the flanker task with emotional face stimuli (fearful vs. neutral faces) was performed by 22 OCD patients and 22 healthy control subjects while electroencephalogram signals were recorded. Response-locked ERN was defined as the mean amplitude from 20 to 120msec after the response. RESULTS During trials with fearful face stimuli, OCD patients showed larger ERN amplitude than control subjects, but there was no difference between groups during trials with neutral face stimuli. Whereas OCD patients exhibited enhanced ERN amplitude in the fearful face condition compared with the neutral face condition, control subjects showed no variation between conditions. OCD patients also exhibited larger correct response negativity amplitude than control subjects in both fearful and neutral face conditions. CONCLUSIONS These results support the theory that OCD involves overactive performance monitoring and indicate that emotional interference modulates performance monitoring in patients with OCD, thus implying that affective function in the fronto-striatal network forms part of the neural basis of OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daeyoung Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhin-Goo Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Weinberg A, Meyer A, Hale-Rude E, Perlman G, Kotov R, Klein DN, Hajcak G. Error-related negativity (ERN) and sustained threat: Conceptual framework and empirical evaluation in an adolescent sample. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:372-85. [PMID: 26877129 PMCID: PMC4756390 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) currently appears as a physiological measure in relation to three Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs: Cognitive Control, Sustained Threat, and Reward Learning. We propose a conceptual model in which variance in the ERN reflects individual differences in the degree to which errors are evaluated as threatening. We also discuss evidence for the placement of the ERN in the "Sustained Threat" construct, as well as evidence that the ERN may more specifically reflect sensitivity to endogenous threat. Following this, we present data from a sample of 515 adolescent females demonstrating a larger ERN in relation to self-reported checking behaviors, but only in older adolescents, suggesting that sensitivity to internal threat and the ERN-checking relationship may follow a developmental course as adolescents develop behavioral control. In contrast, depressive symptoms were linked to a smaller ERN, and this association was invariant with respect to age. Collectively, these data suggest that the magnitude of the ERN is sensitive both to specific anxiety-related processes and depression, in opposing directions that may reflect variation in internal threat sensitivity. We discuss directions for future research, as well as ways in which findings for the ERN complement and challenge aspects of the current RDoC matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin Y, Moran TP, Schroder HS, Moser JS. The role of hand of error and stimulus orientation in the relationship between worry and error-related brain activity: Implications for theory and practice. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:1281-92. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Lin
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Tim P. Moran
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Hans S. Schroder
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Jason S. Moser
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kopf J, Volkert J, Heidler S, Dresler T, Kittel-Schneider S, Gessner A, Herrmann MJ, Ehlis AC, Reif A. Electrophysiological evidence of a typical cognitive distortion in bipolar disorder. Cortex 2015; 66:103-14. [PMID: 25824981 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from bipolar disorder often report negative thoughts and a bias towards negative environmental stimuli. Previous studies show that this mood-congruent attentional bias could mediated by dysfunctions in anterior limbic regions. The Error-Related Negativity (ERN), which originates in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), has been used to research this negativity bias in depressed patients, and could also help to better understand the underlying mechanisms causing the negativity bias in bipolar patients. In this study we investigated error processing in patients with bipolar disorder. Acute depressive bipolar patients (n = 20) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 20) underwent a modified Eriksen Flanker Task to assess test performance and two error-related event-related potentials (ERPs), i.e., the ERN and Error Positivity (Pe) were measured by EEG. Half of the patients were measured again in a euthymic state. We found similar ERN amplitudes in bipolar patients as compared to healthy controls, but significantly reduced Pe amplitudes. Moreover, acutely depressed bipolar patients displayed an ERN and Pe even if they responded accurately or too slow, which indicates that correct responses are processed in a way similar to wrong responses. This can be interpreted as a psychophysiological correlate of typical cognitive distortions in depression, i.e., an erroneous perception of personal failures. This biased error perception partially remained when patients were in a euthymic state. Together, our data indicate that aberrant error processing of bipolar patients may be regarded a trait marker possibly reflecting a risk factor for depressive relapses in bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Kopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Julia Volkert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Heidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gessner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Weinberg A, Dieterich R, Riesel A. Error-related brain activity in the age of RDoC: A review of the literature. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:276-299. [PMID: 25746725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect and respond to errors is critical to successful adaptation to a changing environment. The error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential (ERP) component, is a well-validated neural response to errors and reflects the error monitoring activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Additionally, the ERN is implicated in several processes key to adaptive functioning. Abnormalities in error-related brain activity have been linked to multiple forms of psychopathology and individual differences. As such, the component is likely to be useful in NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative to establish biologically-meaningful dimensions of psychological dysfunction, and currently appears as a unit of measurement in three RDoC domains: Positive Valence Systems, Negative Valence Systems, and Cognitive Systems. In this review paper, we introduce the ERN and discuss evidence related to its psychometric properties, as well as important task differences. Following this, we discuss evidence linking the ERN to clinically diverse forms of psychopathology, as well as the implications of one unit of measurement appearing in multiple RDoC dimensions. And finally, we discuss important future directions, as well as research pathways by which the ERN might be leveraged to track the ways in which dysfunctions in multiple neural systems interact to influence psychological well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | - Raoul Dieterich
- Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Riesel
- Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Norrholm SD, Glover EM, Stevens JS, Fani N, Galatzer-Levy IR, Bradley B, Ressler KJ, Jovanovic T. Fear load: The psychophysiological over-expression of fear as an intermediate phenotype associated with trauma reactions. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 98:270-275. [PMID: 25451788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psychophysiological measures of fear expression provide observable intermediate phenotypes of fear-related symptoms. Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) advocate using neurobiological intermediate phenotypes that provide dimensional correlates of psychopathology. Negative Valence Systems in the RDoC matrix include the construct of acute threat, which can be measured on a physiological level using potentiation of the acoustic startle reflex assessed via electromyography recordings of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Impairments in extinction of fear-potentiated startle due to high levels of fear (termed fear load) during the early phases of extinction have been observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goals of the current work were to examine dimensional associations between fear-related symptoms of PTSD and fear load variables to test their validity as an intermediate phenotype. We examined extinction of fear-potentiated startle in a cohort (n=269) of individuals with a broad range of civilian trauma exposure (range 0-13 traumatic events per person, mean=3.5). Based on previously reported findings, we hypothesized that fear load would be significantly associated with intrusion and fear memories of an index traumatic event. The results indicated that early extinction was correlated with intrusive thoughts (p=0.0007) and intense physiological reactions to trauma reminders (p=0.036). Degree of adult or childhood trauma exposure, and depression severity were not associated with fear load. After controlling for age, sex, race, income, level of prior trauma, and level of fear conditioning, fear load during extinction was still significantly predictive of intrusive thoughts (p=0.004). The significance of these findings is that they support dimensional associations with symptom severity rather than diagnostic category and, as such, fear load may emerge as a transdiagnostic intermediate phenotype expressed across fear-related disorders (e.g., specific phobia, social phobia).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth Davin Norrholm
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mental Health Service Line, Decatur, GA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ebony M Glover
- Department of Psychology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Bekh Bradley
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mental Health Service Line, Decatur, GA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chetverikov A, Jóhannesson ÓI, Kristjánsson Á. Blaming the victims of your own mistakes: How visual search accuracy influences evaluation of stimuli. Cogn Emot 2014; 29:1091-106. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.968097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Chetverikov
- Department of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ómar I. Jóhannesson
- Laboratory for Visual Perception and Visuomotor Control, Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Árni Kristjánsson
- Laboratory for Visual Perception and Visuomotor Control, Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Larson MJ, Clayson PE, Clawson A. Making sense of all the conflict: A theoretical review and critique of conflict-related ERPs. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:283-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|