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Lin J, Zhang K, Wu F, Wang B, Chai W, Zhu Q, Huang J, Lin J. Maternal and perinatal risks for monozygotic twins conceived following frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:36. [PMID: 38326864 PMCID: PMC10848471 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to explore the maternal and perinatal risks in cases of monozygotic twins (MZT) following frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). METHODS All twin births that were conceived following FET from 2007 to 2021 at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital in Shanghai, China were retrospectively reviewed. The exposure variable was twin type (monozygotic and dizygotic). The primary outcome was the incidence of neonatal death while secondary outcomes included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, placenta previa, placental abruption, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, Cesarean delivery, gestational age, birth weight, weight discordance, stillbirth, birth defects, pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, and neonatal jaundice. Analysis of the outcomes was performed using logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The causal mediation analysis was conducted. A doubly robust estimation model was used to validate the results. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival probability. The sensitivity analysis was performed with a propensity score-based patient-matching model. RESULTS Of 6101 dizygotic twin (DZT) and 164 MZT births conceived by FET, MZT showed an increased risk of neonatal death based on the multivariate logistic regression models (partially adjusted OR: 4.19; 95% CI, 1.23-10.8; fully adjusted OR: 4.95; 95% CI, 1.41-13.2). Similar results were obtained with the doubly robust estimation. Comparing MZT with DZT, the neonatal survival probability was lower for MZT (P < 0.05). The results were robust in the sensitivity analysis. Females with MZT pregnancies exhibited an elevated risk of preterm premature rupture of the membranes (adjusted OR: 2.42; 95% CI, 1.54-3.70). MZT were also associated with higher odds of preterm birth (prior to 37 weeks) (adjusted OR: 2.31; 95% CI, 1.48-3.67), low birth weight (adjusted OR: 1.92; 95% CI, 1.27-2.93), and small for gestational age (adjusted OR: 2.18; 95% CI, 1.21-3.69) in the fully adjusted analyses. The effect of MZT on neonatal death was partially mediated by preterm birth and low birth weight (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that MZT conceived by FET are related to an increased risk of neonatal death, emphasizing a potential need for comprehensive antenatal surveillance in these at-risk pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fenglu Wu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bian Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Weiran Chai
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jialyu Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang University School of Medicine, 318 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Jiaying Lin
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Genotype-Environment Correlation and Its Relation to Personality - A Twin and Family Study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2020; 23:228-234. [PMID: 32772950 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2020.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the Family and School Psychosocial Environment (FSPE) questionnaire in relation to a possible genotype-environment correlation and genetic mediation between the FSPE variables and personality variables, assessed by the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. A sample of 506 Swedish children aged 10-20 years from 253 families were recruited via the Swedish state population and address register and SchoolList.Eu. The children were divided into 253 pairs: 46 monozygotic twin pairs, 42 dizygotic twin pairs, 140 pairs of full siblings and 25 pairs of half-siblings. The behavioral genetic analysis showed that both FSPE factors, Warmth and Conflicts, may be partly influenced by genetic factors (suggesting genotype-environment correlation) and that nonadditive genetic factors may mediate the relationship between FSPE factors and psychoticism/antisocial personality (P). An indication of a special shared monozygotic twin environment was found for P and Lie/social desirability, but based on prior research findings this factor may have a minor influence on P and L. P and L were negatively correlated, and the relationship seems to be partly mediated by nonadditive genetic factors. Nonshared environment and measurement errors seem to be the most influential mediating factors, but none of the cross-twin cross-dimension correlations suggest a common shared environmental mediating factor.
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Vaughan DA, Seidler EA, Murphy LA, Cleary EG, Penzias A, Norwitz ER, Sakkas D. Double trouble? Clinic-specific risk factors for monozygotic twinning. Fertil Steril 2020; 114:587-594. [PMID: 32622657 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate clinic-specific risk factors for monozygotic twinning (MZT) using a large, electronic database. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SETTING Infertility clinics. PATIENT(S) Using an electronic medical record system, viable clinical pregnancy (confirmation of a gestational sac(s) and presence of at least one fetal pole with a heartbeat on first trimester ultrasound), data were obtained from homologous in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles after single ET from June 1, 2004, to December 31, 2016. Monozygotic twinning was defined as a pregnancy with two fetal heartbeats on ultrasound with sex concordance at birth. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Risk factors for MZT including cycle type, method of insemination, and method of cryopreservation. RESULT(S) Of the 28,265 IVF cycles that met inclusion criteria over the study period, 8,749 (31.0%) resulted in a viable intrauterine clinical pregnancy. There were 102 (2.7%) MZT in the fresh cycle cohort and 133 (2.7%) in the frozen cycle cohort. Neither cryopreservation nor the method of cryopreservation was a significant risk factor for MZT. However, the use of sequential media was an independent risk factor for MZT in fresh, but not frozen, ETs (odds ratio = 1.72, 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.68). Significant differences were seen in the incidence of MZT between clinics, and this difference persisted after controlling for known risk factors (clinic 0, reference; clinic 2, odds ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-3.32; clinic 3, odds ratio = 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.87). CONCLUSION(S) Differences in MZT rates exist between individual IVF clinics, suggesting that variations in practice patterns may contribute to this event. The present study noted the use of sequential media was an independent risk factor for fresh but not frozen cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Vaughan
- Boston IVF, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Emily A Seidler
- Boston IVF, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren A Murphy
- Boston IVF, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ekaterina G Cleary
- Center for Integration of Science and Industry, Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Alan Penzias
- Boston IVF, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jorgensen DR, Wu CM, Hariharan S. Epidemiology of end-stage renal failure among twins and diagnosis, management, and current outcomes of kidney transplantation between identical twins. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:761-768. [PMID: 31595679 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive overview of identical twin kidney transplantation in the modern era. We provide epidemiologic trends in the US twin population from 1959 to 2000, current methods to identify zygosity, outcomes for identical twin transplants, and a comprehensive management strategy for identical twin kidney transplantation. By 2019, we project that 433 010 dizygotic and monozygotic twins will be alive and at risk for developing ESRF. Monozygosity between a donor-recipient pair can be confirmed by concordance in sex, blood type, and HLA antigen match with precision testing using 13/17 Short Tandem Repeat sequencing to a likelihood of nearly 100%. Among identical twin transplants from 2001 to 2017, excellent patient and kidney graft survival rates were noted. Approximately 50% of kidney transplant recipients of identical twins transplant did not receive maintenance immunosuppression, and no differences in graft survival were noted among patients with and without immunosuppression at 6 and 12 months (P = .8 and .7). Patients with glomerulonephritis as the cause of ESRF had lower graft survival (P = .06) suggesting that recurrent glomerulonephritis as a likely cause of graft loss among these recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Jorgensen
- Department of Medicine, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christine M Wu
- Department of Medicine, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sundaram Hariharan
- Department of Medicine, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Barnes‐Davis ME, Cortezzo DE. Two cases of atypical twinning: Phenotypically discordant monozygotic and conjoined twins. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:920-925. [PMID: 31110715 PMCID: PMC6509934 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical twinning highlights that complex mechanisms responsible for twinning are not fully understood and may give further insight into the mechanisms involved. To assume that phenotypic difference is the result of dizygotic twinning would be erroneous and could have significant implications in the care and counseling provided to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Barnes‐Davis
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Division of Neonatal and Pulmonary BiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - DonnaMaria E. Cortezzo
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Division of Neonatal and Pulmonary BiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Division of Pain and Palliative MedicineCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
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Schrempft S, van Jaarsveld CHM, Fisher A, Herle M, Smith AD, Fildes A, Llewellyn CH. Variation in the Heritability of Child Body Mass Index by Obesogenic Home Environment. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:1153-1160. [PMID: 30285028 PMCID: PMC6396810 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Importance The early obesogenic home environment is consistently identified as a key influence on child weight trajectories, but little research has examined the mechanisms of that influence. Such research is essential for the effective prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity. Objective To test behavioral susceptibility theory's hypothesis that the heritability of body mass index (BMI) is higher among children who live in more obesogenic home environments. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was a gene-environment interaction twin study that used cross-sectional data from 925 families (1850 twins) in the Gemini cohort (a population-based prospective cohort of twins born in England and Wales between March and December 2007). Data were analyzed from July to October 2013 and in June 2018. Exposures Parents completed the Home Environment Interview, a comprehensive measure of the obesogenic home environment in early childhood. Three standardized composite scores were created to capture food, physical activity, and media-related influences in the home; these were summed to create an overall obesogenic risk score. The 4 composite scores were split on the mean, reflecting higher-risk and lower-risk home environments. Main Outcomes and Measures Quantitative genetic model fitting was used to estimate heritability of age-adjusted and sex-adjusted BMI (BMI SD score, estimated using British 1990 growth reference data) for children living in lower-risk and higher-risk home environments. Results Among 1850 twins (915 [49.5%] male and 935 [50.5%] female; mean [SD] age, 4.1 [0.4] years), the heritability of BMI SD score was significantly higher among children living in overall higher-risk home environments (86%; 95% CI, 68%-89%) compared with those living in overall lower-risk home environments (39%; 95% CI, 21%-57%). The findings were similar when examining the heritability of BMI in the separate food and physical activity environment domains. Conclusions and Relevance These findings support the hypothesis that obesity-related genes are more strongly associated with BMI in more obesogenic home environments. Modifying the early home environment to prevent weight gain may be particularly important for children genetically at risk for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schrempft
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia H. M. van Jaarsveld
- Departments for Health Evidence and Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Abigail Fisher
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz Herle
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea D. Smith
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Fildes
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Clare H. Llewellyn
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Herle M, Fildes A, van Jaarsveld C, Rijsdijk F, Llewellyn CH. Parental Reports of Infant and Child Eating Behaviors are not Affected by Their Beliefs About Their Twins' Zygosity. Behav Genet 2016; 46:763-771. [PMID: 27406596 PMCID: PMC5075016 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-016-9798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parental perception of zygosity might bias heritability estimates derived from parent rated twin data. This is the first study to examine if similarities in parental reports of their young twins’ behavior were biased by beliefs about their zygosity. Data were from Gemini, a British birth cohort of 2402 twins born in 2007. Zygosity was assessed twice, using both DNA and a validated parent report questionnaire at 8 (SD = 2.1) and 29 months (SD = 3.3). 220/731 (8 months) and 119/453 (29 months) monozygotic (MZ) pairs were misclassified as dizygotic (DZ) by parents; whereas only 6/797 (8 months) and 2/445 (29 months) DZ pairs were misclassified as MZ. Intraclass correlations for parent reported eating behaviors (four measured at 8 months; five at 16 months) were of the same magnitude for correctly classified and misclassified MZ pairs, suggesting that parental zygosity perception does not influence reporting on eating behaviors of their young twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Herle
- Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alison Fildes
- Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cornelia van Jaarsveld
- Department for Health Evidence & Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fruhling Rijsdijk
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clare H Llewellyn
- Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Fildes A, van Jaarsveld CHM, Cooke L, Wardle J, Llewellyn CH. Common genetic architecture underlying young children's food fussiness and liking for vegetables and fruit. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1099-104. [PMID: 26864359 PMCID: PMC4807704 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food fussiness (FF) is common in early childhood and is often associated with the rejection of nutrient-dense foods such as vegetables and fruit. FF and liking for vegetables and fruit are likely all heritable phenotypes; the genetic influence underlying FF may explain the observed genetic influence on liking for vegetables and fruit. Twin analyses make it possible to get a broad-based estimate of the extent of the shared genetic influence that underlies these traits. OBJECTIVE We quantified the extent of the shared genetic influence that underlies FF and liking for vegetables and fruit in early childhood with the use of a twin design. DESIGN Data were from the Gemini cohort, which is a population-based sample of twins born in England and Wales in 2007. Parents of 3-y-old twins (n= 1330 pairs) completed questionnaire measures of their children's food preferences (liking for vegetables and fruit) and the FF scale from the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Multivariate quantitative genetic modeling was used to estimate common genetic influences that underlie FF and liking for vegetables and fruit. RESULTS Genetic correlations were significant and moderate to large in size between FF and liking for both vegetables (-0.65) and fruit (-0.43), which indicated that a substantial proportion of the genes that influence FF also influence liking. Common genes that underlie FF and liking for vegetables and fruit largely explained the observed phenotypic correlations between them (68-70%). CONCLUSIONS FF and liking for fruit and vegetables in young children share a large proportion of common genetic factors. The genetic influence on FF may determine why fussy children typically reject fruit and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Fildes
- Health Behavior Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Cornelia H M van Jaarsveld
- Department for Health Evidence and Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lucy Cooke
- Health Behavior Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jane Wardle
- Health Behavior Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Clare H Llewellyn
- Health Behavior Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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Abstract
All same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins and approximately one-third of monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs have separate placentas, making it impossible to use the number of placentas to determine zygosity. Zygosity determination is further complicated because incorrect assumptions are often made, such as that only DZ pairs have two placentas and that all MZ pairs are phenotypically identical. These assumptions, by twins, their families and health professionals, along with the lack of universal zygosity testing for same-sex twins, has led to confusion within the twin community, yet little research has been conducted with twins about their understanding and assumptions about zygosity. We aimed to explore and quantify understanding and assumptions about zygosity using twins attending an Australian twin festival. We recruited 91 twin pairs younger than 18 years of age and their parents, and 30 adult twin pairs who were all uncertain of their zygosity, to complete one pen and paper questionnaire and one online questionnaire about their assumed zygosity, reasons for their assumptions and the importance of accurate zygosity knowledge. Responses were compared with their true zygosity measured using a genetic test. We found a substantial proportion of parents and twins had been misinformed by their own parents or medical professionals, and that knowledge of their true zygosity status provided peace of mind and positive emotional responses. For these reasons we propose universal zygosity testing of same-sex twins as early in life as possible and an increase in education of medical professionals, twins and families of twins about zygosity issues.
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What makes them split? Identifying risk factors that lead to monozygotic twins after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fildes A, van Jaarsveld CHM, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, Cooke L, Wardle J. Nature and nurture in children's food preferences. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:911-7. [PMID: 24477038 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.077867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health professionals identify food provision in the home as a key influence on children's food preferences. In contrast, parents often perceive children's food preferences to be inborn. One explanation for this discrepancy could be that environmental and genetic influences vary by food type. OBJECTIVE We assessed genetic and environmental contributions to preferences for a wide variety of foods in a large pediatric twin sample. DESIGN Data were from Gemini, which is a cohort of UK twins born in 2007. Preferences for 114 foods were assessed by parent-completed questionnaire when children were aged 3 y (n = 2686). Foods tried by >75% of respondents were grouped into protein, vegetables, fruit, dairy, starches, and snacks. Quantitative model-fitting analyses were used to assess genetic and environmental influences for each food group. RESULTS The genetic influence was higher for vegetables (54%; 95% CI: 47%, 63%), fruit (53%; 95% CI: 45%, 61%), and protein (48%; 95% CI: 40%, 57%) but lower for starches (32%; 95% CI: 26%, 38%), snacks (29%; 95% CI: 24%, 35%), and dairy (27%; 95% CI: 20%, 35%). In contrast, shared-environment effects were higher for snacks (60%; 95% CI: 54%, 65%), starches (57%; 95% CI: 51%, 62%), and dairy (54%; 95% CI: 47%, 60%) and lower for vegetables (35%; 95% CI: 27%, 42%), fruit (35%; 95% CI: 26%, 43%), and protein (37%; 95% CI: 27%, 45%). Nonshared environment effects were small for all foods (11-19%). CONCLUSIONS Both genetic and environmental effects were significant for all food groups, but genetic effects dominated for more nutrient-dense foods (vegetables, fruit, and protein), whereas shared environmental effects dominated for snacks, dairy, and starches. These findings endorse the view of health professionals that the home environment is the main determinant of children's liking for energy-dense foods implicated in excessive weight gain but suggest that parents are also correct by identifying innate differences in liking, particularly for nutrient-dense foods that parents and health educators try to encourage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Fildes
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Pimpin L, Ambrosini GL, Llewellyn CH, Johnson L, van Jaarsveld CHM, Jebb SA, Wardle J. Dietary intake of young twins: nature or nurture? Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1326-34. [PMID: 24047917 PMCID: PMC3798084 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.065250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early years in life are increasingly recognized as a critical period for the development of diet-related behavioral traits. However, discussions continue on the relative role of genes and the environment in determining dietary intake, particularly in young children for whom detailed dietary information is limited. OBJECTIVES This study tested the hypothesis that diet in early childhood is primarily determined by the environment rather than by genes. A secondary aim was to characterize the early childhood diet. DESIGN A classic twin design used 3-d dietary data collected at age 21 mo from the Gemini cohort. From the full sample of 2402 families with twins, dietary diaries were available for 1216 twin pairs (384 monozygotic and 832 dizygotic pairs) after exclusions. Intakes of macronutrients, food, and beverages were estimated. Twin analyses quantified the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to population variation in intake. RESULTS At age 21 mo, children consumed small portions of a wide range of family foods. The shared environment was the predominant determinant, contributing between 66% (95% CI: 52%, 77%; milk-based desserts) and 97% (95% CI: 95%, 98%; juice) of the variation in intake. Genetic factors were estimated to account for between 4% (95% CI: 0%, 10%; savory snacks) and 18% (95% CI: 14%, 23%; bread) of dietary intake variation. CONCLUSION Shared environmental influences are the predominant drivers of dietary intake in very young children, indicating the importance of factors such as the home food environment and parental behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pimpin
- From Diet and Population Health, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (LP, GLA, and SAJ); Health Behaviour Research Centre, the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (CHL, CHMvJ, and JW); and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition, and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (LJ)
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Knopman JM, Krey LC, Oh C, Lee J, McCaffrey C, Noyes N. WITHDRAWN: What makes them split? Identifying risk factors that lead to monozygotic twins after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2013:S0015-0282(13)03019-7. [PMID: 24112530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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