1
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Okabe M, Tsuboi N, Ueda H, Hishida E, Miyazaki Y, Yokoo T. A 20-year follow-up study of identical twin sisters with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae073. [PMID: 38633839 PMCID: PMC11022648 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by diverse clinicopathological phenotypes. Herein we present a follow-up study of previously reported identical twin sisters with IgAN. The older sister exhibited more severe kidney histopathology and proteinuria and a lower birthweight than did her younger sister, and only the older sister experienced two childbirths. These raised concerns regarding her kidney outcomes. However, with timely multidisciplinary treatments, the older sister's kidney function remained preserved after 20 years of IgAN history. Our findings indicate the significant contribution of environmental/epigenetic factors to IgAN progression and the need for tailored medical care corresponding to life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ueda
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Hishida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyazaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Petito GT, Shear PK, Lynch JD, McKee HR. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and epilepsy in a female monozygotic twin. Epileptic Disord 2024; 26:148-150. [PMID: 37767983 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula K Shear
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James D Lynch
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Heather R McKee
- Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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3
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Koek G, Schmitz SM, Bednarsch J, Heise D, Longerich T, Bakers F, Trautwein C, Luedde T, Ulmer TF, Neumann UP. Living-Donor Liver Transplantation for a Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Genetically Identical Twin Sister. Z Gastroenterol 2024; 62:56-61. [PMID: 38195109 PMCID: PMC10783995 DOI: 10.1055/a-2214-1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is, to date, the most common malignant tumor of the liver and is commonly staged with the Milan criteria. While deceased-donor liver transplantations (DDLT) are reserved for patients within the Milan criteria, living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) might be a curative option for patients outside the Milan criteria. We here report a case of a 32-year-old woman who developed a giant, unresectable HCC out of a hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) after a pregnancy. The genetically identical twin sister donated her left hemi-liver after ethical approval and preoperative screening. No long-term immunosuppressive therapy was necessary, and after more than eight years, both are in perfect health and the recipient gave birth to a second child. This case shows that in certain situations large HCCs outside the standard criteria can be cured by LT. Careful evaluation of both donor and recipient should be performed for indications like this to assure optimal clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ger Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sophia M. Schmitz
- General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Heise
- General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Bakers
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolic Disorders and Internal Intensive Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Florian Ulmer
- General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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4
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Birant S, Veznikli M, Kasimoglu Y, Koruyucu M, Evren AA, Seymen F. Path Analysis of the Relationships between the Eruption Time of the First Primary Teeth and Various Factors in Twins. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10040683. [PMID: 37189932 DOI: 10.3390/children10040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The timing of primary tooth eruption is critical for children's health planning and the diagnosis of specific growth disorders. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between twin pairs' birth weight, gestational age, and gender, which are indicators of prenatal factors; breast-feeding duration, which is an indicator of postnatal factors; type of delivery, which is an indicator of maternal as well as genetic factors; and age of the primary tooth. Twin children aged from 3 to 15 years who applied to the clinic for the first dental examination constituted the sample group. In this twin study, 59 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 143 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were included. Genetic (MZ vs. DZ), maternal (type of delivery, gestational age), perinatal (birth weight, gender), and postnatal (duration of breastfeeding) information was obtained, and effects on the children's Eruption Timing of the First Primary Tooth (ETFPT) were examined. Statistical analysis was performed using the consistent partial least squares structural equation model (robust PLSc) technique. As birth weight increased, the age at first eruption became younger, but this change was different between MZ and DZ twins (p < 0.05). While the age at first tooth eruption was older in identical twins who were breastfed for the first 6 months, this increase was not observed in DZ twins. The mean of ETFPT was calculated as 7.31 months in MZ twins and 6.75 months in DZ twins. The effect of breastfeeding and birth weight on ETFPT may differ according to zygosity in twins. MZ twins may tend to take longer to experience the eruption of their first primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Birant
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Mert Veznikli
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Yelda Kasimoglu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey
| | - Atıf Ahmet Evren
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul 34218, Turkey
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5
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Fischbein R, Welsh H, Ernst-Milner S, Nicholas L. Patient-Reported Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twin Pregnancy Management and Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Cross-Sectional Survey. J Patient Exp 2022; 9:23743735221133634. [PMID: 36330231 PMCID: PMC9623371 DOI: 10.1177/23743735221133634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Monochorionic-diamniotic (MCDA) pregnancies are high-risk necessitating ongoing
screening for serious complications and quick decision-making. COVID-19 pandemic
protocols introduced unique challenges to pregnancy management and patient
experience. In late 2021, an online, mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey
recruited 561 participants who experienced an MCDA pregnancy within five years.
Analyses included descriptive and bivariate statistics and thematic analysis.
Findings suggest the pandemic did not negatively affect screening/diagnosis for
these participants. Care consistent with guidelines was received by most, with
care slightly better during the pandemic. Almost 80% (79.0%) received an MCDA
diagnosis by gestational week 14 before the pandemic, 87.8% during. Most
received biweekly ultrasounds, 88.0% prior to the pandemic, 88.9% during.
Experiences were affected in other ways for almost 44% of participants pregnant
during COVID-19; in ways likely shared by other high-risk pregnancies. Thematic
analysis revealed management during COVID-19 impacted self-advocacy and emotions
(eg, alienation, anxiety), made care seem impersonal, and resulted in delayed or
canceled appointments. Policies should be considered, so future healthcare
disruptions do not impact patients and preserve in-person health care with
access to a support person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Fischbein
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA,Rebecca Fischbein, Department of Family and
Community Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
| | - Hannah Welsh
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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6
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Tabor E, Bach M, Werner A, Drozdzowska B, Pluskiewicz W. The Impact of Environmental and Genetic Factors on Bone Quality in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102360. [PMID: 36289621 PMCID: PMC9598072 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to assess the genetic and environmental influences on bone properties. One hundred thirty-two pairs of twins (99/33 monozygotic/dizygotic) underwent anthropometric measurements and phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (DBM Sonic 1200, Igea, Italy) measuring the amplitude speed of sound (AD-SoS, m/s). The mean age was 16.78 ± 12.35 years for monozygotic twins and 14.30 ± 8 years for dizygotic. Interpair and intrapair correlations between twins were calculated. In the groups of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, Ad-SoS correlated significantly with age (r = 0.56−0.73, p < 0.05), weight (r = 0.73−0.78, p < 0.05), and height (r = 0.80−0.81, p < 0.05). The strongest intrapair correlation (r = 0.99−0.998) was noted in monozygotic females for Ad-SoS, weight, and height. There was a statistically significant correlation between the intrapair difference of Ad-SoS and age but only in the groups of monozygotic and dizygotic females (r = 0.281, r2 = 0.079, and p = 0.028; r = 0.544, r2 = 0.296, and p = 0.01, respectively). After age adjustment, it was estimated that 28.62% of Ad-SoS in women and 13.2% of Ad-SoS in men was explained by genetic influence, leading to the conclusion that Ad-SoS changed with age, weight, and height. The strongest correlation between pairs of twins was observed in monozygotic twins. The differences in bone values between female twins arose with age, which indicated the role of environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Tabor
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Małgorzata Bach
- Department of Applied Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Werner
- Department of Applied Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Bogna Drozdzowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pluskiewicz
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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7
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Brouillet S, Mereuze S, Ranisavljevic N, Chauveau C, Hamamah S, Cattin J, Verebi C, Cabrol C, Ishmukhametova A, Girardet A, Anahory T, Willems M. Molecular Characterization of a Rare Case of Monozygotic Dichorionic Diamniotic Twin Pregnancy after Single Blastocyst Transfer in Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10835. [PMID: 36142745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is widely used to select unaffected embryos, increasing the odds of having a healthy baby. During the last few decades, it was accepted that monozygotic dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies occurred from the embryo splitting before Day 3 postfertilization according to Corner’s dogma. Hence, the occurrence of a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy after a single blastocyst transfer was considered a dizygotic pregnancy resulting from blastocyst transfer and concurrent natural fertilization. In our study, we have provided for the first time molecular proof that a single blastocyst transfer can result in a monozygotic dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy, invalidating Corner’s dogma. In this case, we recommend systematically assessing the genetic status of dichorionic twins after single blastocyst transfer using prenatal diagnosis to exclude the risk from a potential concurrent spontaneous pregnancy and to ensure that both fetuses are unaffected. To achieve this goal, we have developed here an innovative noninvasive prenatal diagnosis by exclusion of paternal variants with droplet digital PCR, maximizing the reliability of genetic diagnosis. Further multicentric prospective studies using genetic testing are now required to establish the rate of blastocyst splitting leading to dichorionic pregnancy in PGT and to identify the risk factors.
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8
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Esposito G, Dalmartello M, Franchi M, Mauri PA, Cipriani S, Corrao G, Parazzini F. Trends in Dizygotic and Monozygotic Spontaneous Twin Births During the Period 2007-2017 in Lombardy, Northern Italy: A Population-Based Study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2022;:1-7. [PMID: 35765814 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2022.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the estimated frequency of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) spontaneous twins in Lombardy during the period 2007-2017. This is a population-based study using the regional healthcare utilization databases of the Lombardy Region. The total number of spontaneous twin deliveries, in separate strata of like and unlike sex, was obtained. Moreover, estimates of DZ and MZ twin births were calculated using Weinberg's method. The standardized rates (SRs), adjusted for maternal age, of DZ and MZ twin births were computed according to calendar period. The twinning rates were calculated among strata of parity and maternal age. Finally, DZ:MZ ratio was calculated. Among the 734,278 spontaneous deliveries, 9176 (12.5 out of 1000 births) couples of twins were identified. In the three periods considered (i.e. 2007-2010, 2011-2014 and 2015-2017), no trend in the SRs of MZ twins was observed, respectively 0.41 (95% CI [0.40, 0.43]), 0.43 (95% CI [0.42, 0.45]) and 0.43 (95% CI[0.42, 0.45]). Differently, a slightly decreasing trend was observed in DZ twins SRs, respectively 0.87 (95% CI [0.84, 0.89]), 0.81 (95% CI [0.79, 0.83]), and 0.78 (95% CI [0.76, 0.80]). As concerns parity and maternal age, the rate of DZ twin births was consistently higher in nulliparae women aged 35 years or more. In our cohort, despite the increase of maternal age, a decline of spontaneous twin births emerged, especially due to the downward trend of DZ twins.
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9
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Gupta R, Sharma A. Amyoplasia in monochorionic monozygotic pregnancy following interstitial laser. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2178-2183. [PMID: 35324072 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyoplasia is a specific form of arthrogryposis, without any genetic cause. Six to ten percent of amyoplasia cases are one of the monozygotic twins, with the other twin being normal. Failure of maturation of anterior horn cells (AHCs) due to ischemic injury has been postulated as the primary pathological change, leading to arrest in the development of muscle fibers supplied by the affected AHCs with the typical limb positioning seen in amyoplasia. Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is an important risk factor for ischemic injury in monozygotic twin pregnancies. We present a case of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy with features of TTTS at 12 weeks who underwent interstitial laser followed by the development of lower limb akinesia in the surviving fetus. Possible causes of amyoplasia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Gupta
- Fetal Medicine Department, Sonepat Fetal Medicine & Genetic Centre, Sunehri Devi Hospital, Sonipat, India.,Fetal Medicine Department, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Akshatha Sharma
- Fetal Medicine Department, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
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10
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Dai J, Leung M, Guan W, Guo HT, Krasnow RE, Wang TJ, El-Rifai W, Zhao Z, Reed T. Whole-Genome Differentially Hydroxymethylated DNA Regions among Twins Discordant for Cardiovascular Death. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081183. [PMID: 34440357 PMCID: PMC8392630 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a mechanism underlying cardiovascular disease. It is unknown whether DNA hydroxymethylation is prospectively associated with the risk for cardiovascular death independent of germline and common environment. Male twin pairs middle-aged in 1969–1973 and discordant for cardiovascular death through December 31, 2014, were included. Hydroxymethylation was quantified in buffy coat DNA collected in 1986–1987. The 1893 differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) were identified after controlling for blood leukocyte subtypes and age among 12 monozygotic (MZ) pairs (Benjamini–Hochberg False Discovery Rate < 0.01), of which the 102 DhMRs were confirmed with directionally consistent log2-fold changes and p < 0.01 among additional 7 MZ pairs. These signature 102 DhMRs, independent of the germline, were located on all chromosomes except for chromosome 21 and the Y chromosome, mainly within/overlapped with intergenic regions and introns, and predominantly hyper-hydroxymethylated. A binary linear classifier predicting cardiovascular death among 19 dizygotic pairs was identified and equivalent to that generated from MZ via the 2D transformation. Computational bioinformatics discovered pathways, phenotypes, and DNA motifs for these DhMRs or their subtypes, suggesting that hydroxymethylation was a pathophysiological mechanism underlying cardiovascular death that might be influenced by genetic factors and warranted further investigations of mechanisms of these signature regions in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-271-1367
| | - Ming Leung
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Han-Tian Guo
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Undergraduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Ruth E. Krasnow
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Terry Reed
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
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11
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Bahari Shargh R, Rostami S, Abtahi H, Shariat M, Mardaneh J, Noughi F, Hosein Lookzadeh M, Khorsandi B, Zendehdel K. The Iranian Newborn Multiples Registry (IRNMR): a registry protocol. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:5213-5216. [PMID: 34126847 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1875445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Over the last decades, several twin/multiples registries have been developed worldwide, mostly concentrated in Europe and high-income countries (HICs). In Iran, we lack accurate nationwide epidemiological and biobank data on twins. We established the Iranian Newborn Multiples Registry (IRNMR) to evaluate the role of genetics and environmental factors in the variation of phenotypes among newborn monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. IRNMR is a multicenter hospital-based registry. Materials and methods: In the pilot phase, we collected epidemiological data from multiples born in Imam Khomeini Hospital complex and Aban Hospital located in Tehran, the capital of Iran, with a population exceeding 8 million, Allameh Bohlool Gonabadi Hospital, Gonabad, Razavi Khorasan, and Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. Results: The IRNMR has recruited 457 sets of newborn twins and multiples so far. We hold follow-up sessions by mother and child health professionals to monitor multiples' growth, development, diseases, and mortality. Conclusions: We successfully developed a newborn multiples registry in Iran. This registry will create an invaluable database to study the relative influence of genes and environmental factors on various chronic diseases, growth, development, and behavioral disorders. We intend to collaborate with other centers to develop a large multicenter nationwide multiple birth registry and biobank in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Bahari Shargh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Abtahi
- Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mamak Shariat
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Mardaneh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Noughi
- Comprehensive Research Laboratory, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Behjat Khorsandi
- Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Kanagaretnam D, Nayyar R, Zen M. Twin anemia polycythemia sequence in dichorionic diamniotic twins: A case report and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04184. [PMID: 34026183 PMCID: PMC8123762 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rare, literature demonstrates evidence that vascular anastomoses do occur in dichorionic twins. Therefore, twin anemia polycythemia sequence should be considered as a differential diagnoses in dichorionic twins if there is suspicion on antenatal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roshini Nayyar
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWestmead HospitalWestmeadNSWAustralia
- Westmead Institute for Maternal Fetal MedicineWestmead HospitalWestmeadNSWAustralia
| | - Monica Zen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWestmead HospitalWestmeadNSWAustralia
- Westmead Institute for Maternal Fetal MedicineWestmead HospitalWestmeadNSWAustralia
- Westmead Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthWestmead HospitalThe University of SydneyWestmeadNSWAustralia
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13
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Rogberg-Muñoz A, Castillo NS, Zappa ME, Crespi JA, Villegas-Castagnasso EE, Gómez PM, Peral-García P, Giovambattista G. Naturally monozygotic quadruplets in a Braford cow confirmed by DNA analysis: A case report. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1267-1270. [PMID: 32688438 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cattle are a monotocous species, despite naturally conceived multiple births are sometimes observed. Although the number of twins has consistently increased, triplet and quadruplet pregnancies represent 0.015% and 0.004% of the total births, respectively. Multiple births are the result of multiple ovulation and/or the spontaneous cleavage of one fertilized oocyte, which is known as monozygotic (MZ) twinning. In cattle, approximately 5% to 14% of all twin births are MZ, and births with more than two MZ calves are extremely rare. Monozygotic animals are genetically identical, and those derived from two or more zygotes are genetically different. Furthermore, the presence of placental vascular anastomosis can result in foetal chimerism. Notwithstanding, animals born as single calves can be chimeras when one of the foetal twins dies undetected in utero. Here, we used DNA testing to study the zygotic condition of an unusual female quadruplet born from a Braford cow bred in a multi-sire natural mating system without hormone stimulation. Two tissues with different embryological origin were sampled to test zygosity and possible chimerism. The results showed an identical genotype, confirming they all originated in an MZ pregnancy and suggesting the lack of chimerism in all animals. The use of MZ twins in breeding and selection systems provides an alternative to the conventional progeny testing. Some works have suggested a genetic background of MZ twins in humans. This female and her daughters could be the founders of a lineage to study the possible inheritance of MZ multiple births in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rogberg-Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Castillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - María E Zappa
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julián A Crespi
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Egle E Villegas-Castagnasso
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paula M Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pilar Peral-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Giovambattista
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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14
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Acar YA, Gunay G, Bilge S, Tezel O. Concomitant hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis in pregnant monozygotic twin siblings. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:654-656. [PMID: 32157928 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1737669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HTIP) is the third most common cause of pancreatitis. Hypertriglyceridemia shows familial transition and pregnancy increases the risk of HTIP. The treatment of HTIP is initiated with supportive treatment and continues with specific treatments including plasmapheresis, insulin, heparin infusion, and hemofiltration. The current study reports monozygotic twins who are pregnant at the same time having concurrent HTIP attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Ayhan Acar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gunay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sedat Bilge
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Tezel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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McCall CA, Turkheimer E, Tsang S, Avery A, Duncan GE, Watson NF. Sleep duration and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms: a twin study. Sleep 2020; 42:5549607. [PMID: 31408518 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Long and short sleep duration are associated with greater risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, it is unknown how genetic and environmental influences affect this relationship. Thus, we investigated the association between sleep duration and PTSD symptoms using twin models. METHODS Data were obtained from 1865 monozygotic and 758 dizygotic twin pairs enrolled in the community-based Washington State Twin Registry. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Impact of Events Scale (IES). A classical twin model decomposed the variances of sleep duration and IES score into additive genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental components. We used correlated factor models to examine the moderation of variance components of sleep duration and IES. RESULTS Shorter and longer sleep duration were associated with higher IES scores with a quadratic association (p < 0.001). The heritability of sleep duration was 36%, and IES 31%. Variance in sleep duration attributable to shared (b1C1 = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.40 to 4.43; p < 0.001) and unique (b1E1 = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.27; p < 0.001) environment was moderated by IES score. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, variance in IES attributable to additive genetics (b1A2 = -0.23, 95% CI = -0.45 to 0.00; p = 0.048) was moderated by sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS Greater PTSD symptom severity was associated with short and long sleep duration. Increasing PTSD symptoms increased variability in sleep duration primarily via shared environmental factors, whereas decreasing sleep duration increased variability in PTSD symptoms primarily via additive genetic factors. This suggests childhood experiences affect variability of sleep duration and genetic factors affect the variability of PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A McCall
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington Sleep Medicine Center, Seattle
| | - Eric Turkheimer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Siny Tsang
- Washington State Twin Registry, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane
| | - Ally Avery
- Washington State Twin Registry, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane
| | - Glen E Duncan
- Washington State Twin Registry, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane
| | - Nathaniel F Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington Sleep Medicine Center, Seattle
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Konno H, Murakoshi T, Miura K, Masuzaki H. The Incidence of Dichorionic Diamniotic Twin Pregnancy After Single Blastocyst Embryo Transfer and Zygosity: 8 Years of Single-Center Experience. Twin Res Hum Genet 2020; 23:51-4. [PMID: 32209150 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2020.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies after single blastocyst embryo transfer have been reported recently, although a blastocyst ovum is generally believed to divide into monochorionic twin pregnancy. We investigated the incidence of DCDA twin pregnancy after single blastocyst embryo transfer and their zygosity. This prospective cohort study included 655 consecutive twin pregnancies that were managed from 2006 to 2014 at our institution. Chorionicity and amnionicity were determined using first-trimester ultrasonography and/or placental pathology. Zygosity was analyzed if the cases were DCDA twins after single blastocyst embryo transfer. Among 655 twin pregnancies, there were 348 DCDA cases, 295 monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) cases and 12 monochorionic monoamniotic cases. Single blastocyst embryo transfer was performed in 43 cases. Six out of the 43 (14%) cases involved DCDA twin pregnancies and the other 37 cases involved MCDA twin pregnancies. Three DCDA twins born after single blastocyst embryo transfer, wherein frozen embryo transfer (FET) was performed in the natural cycle, were dizygotic, and the other three cases, wherein FET with hormone replacement therapy was performed, were monozygotic. DCDA twin pregnancy occurred in 14% (7% for monozygotic and 7% for dizygotic) of twin pregnancies after single blastocyst embryo transfer cases.
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17
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Dijkstra A, Cuervo-Arango J, Stout TAE, Claes A. Monozygotic multiple pregnancies after transfer of single in vitro produced equine embryos. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:258-261. [PMID: 31232484 PMCID: PMC7027474 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Monozygotic multiple pregnancy is rare in horses, but may be more common after transfer of an in vitro produced (IVP) embryo. Objectives To determine the occurrence, incidence, characteristics and outcome of monozygotic siblings arising from in vivo and IVP equine embryos. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods A total of 496 fresh in vivo and 410 frozen‐thawed IVP blastocysts, produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of in vitro matured oocytes from Warmblood mares, were transferred into recipient mares. The likelihoods of pregnancy and multiple pregnancy were calculated, and the clinical features and outcome of any multiple pregnancy were recorded. Results The likelihood of pregnancy after transfer of a single IVP or in vivo embryo was 62% (254/410) and 83% (413/496) respectively. The incidence of multiple pregnancy was 1.6% (4/254) and 0% (0/413) for IVP and in vivo blastocysts, respectively. More specifically, three IVP blastocysts yielded twin embryo propers/fetuses, and one IVP conceptus developed three distinct embryonic bodies. Interestingly, only one embryonic vesicle was detected at all ultrasonographic examinations prior to embryo proper development. Multiple embryonic bodies only became apparent at later scans to check for an embryo proper and heartbeat, or when the recipient mare aborted. Two twin pregnancies aborted spontaneously at 3 and 9 months, respectively, while the heartbeat was lost from all three embryos in the triplet pregnancy before day 35 of gestation. Twin reduction by per rectum compression of one fetal thorax was attempted at day 50 of gestation in the fourth case; however, both fetuses were lost. Main limitations Small number of cases. Conclusions In vitro embryo production resulted in a higher incidence of multiple monozygotic pregnancy, which could only be diagnosed after development of the embryo proper and is likely to result in pregnancy loss later in gestation if left untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dijkstra
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Cuervo-Arango
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T A E Stout
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Claes
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Busnelli A, Dallagiovanna C, Reschini M, Paffoni A, Fedele L, Somigliana E. Risk factors for monozygotic twinning after in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:302-317. [PMID: 30691632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the risk factors for monozygotic twin (MZT) and monochorionic twin (MCT) pregnancies after in vitro fertilization (IVF). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Women who achieved MZT and non-MZT pregnancies through IVF. INTERVENTION(S) Systematic search of Medline from January 1995 to October 2018 with cross-checking of references from relevant articles in English. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Possible risk factors for MZT or MCT pregnancies after IVF, comprising extended embryo culture, insemination method (conventional IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]), embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies or for monogenic/single-gene defects (PGT-A or PGT-M) programs, assisted hatching (AH), oocytes donation, female age, and embryo cryopreservation. RESULT(S) A total of 40 studies were included. Blastocyst transfer compared with cleavage-stage embryo transfer, and female age <35 years were associated with a statistically significant increase in the MZT and MCT pregnancy rate after IVF: (23 studies, OR 2.16, 95% CI, 1.74-2.68, I2=78%; 4 studies, OR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.62, I2=62%; and 3 studies, OR 1.90, 95% CI, 1.21-2.98, I2=59%; 2 studies, OR 2.34; 95% CI, 1.69-3.23, I2=0, respectively). Conventional IVF compared with ICSI and assisted hatching were associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of MZT pregnancy (9 studies, OR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.04-1.35, I2=0; 16 studies, OR 1.17, 95% CI, 1.09-1.27, I2=29%, respectively). Embryo biopsy for PGT-A or PGT-M, embryo cryopreservation, and oocytes donation were not associated with MZT pregnancies after IVF. CONCLUSION(S) Blastocyst transfer is associated with an increased risk of both MZT and MCT pregnancies after IVF. Further evidence is needed to clarify the impact of female age, insemination method and AH on the investigated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Busnelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Dallagiovanna
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna, del Bambino e del Neonato, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Reschini
- Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna, del Bambino e del Neonato, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Paffoni
- ART Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Lariana, Como, Italy
| | - Luigi Fedele
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna, del Bambino e del Neonato, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Edgardo Somigliana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna, del Bambino e del Neonato, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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19
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Barnes‐Davis ME, Cortezzo DE. Two cases of atypical twinning: Phenotypically discordant monozygotic and conjoined twins. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:920-925. [PMID: 31110715 PMCID: PMC6509934 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical twinning highlights that complex mechanisms responsible for twinning are not fully understood and may give further insight into the mechanisms involved. To assume that phenotypic difference is the result of dizygotic twinning would be erroneous and could have significant implications in the care and counseling provided to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Barnes‐Davis
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Division of Neonatal and Pulmonary BiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - DonnaMaria E. Cortezzo
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Division of Neonatal and Pulmonary BiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Division of Pain and Palliative MedicineCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
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20
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Madsen C, Søgaard K, Zingenberg H, Jørgensen FS, Rosbach H, Hoseth E, Pedersen LH, Petersen OB. Outcomes of monoamniotic twin pregnancies managed primarily in outpatient care-a Danish multicenter study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 98:479-486. [PMID: 30472726 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoamniotic twin pregnancies are high-risk pregnancies, and management by inpatient or frequent outpatient care is recommended. We report the outcomes of a national cohort of monoamniotic twin pregnancies managed primarily as outpatients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively analyzed the recorded data from the Danish Fetal Medicine Database, local databases, and medical records of all monoamniotic twin pregnancies diagnosed at the first trimester scan or later, and managed at the six major fetal medicine centers in Denmark over a 10-year period. RESULTS Sixty-one monoamniotic twin pregnancies were included. Thirteen pregnancies were terminated early. Of the remaining 48 pregnancies with a normal first trimester scan, there were 36 fetal losses (25 spontaneous miscarriages <22+0 weeks, 3 late terminations and 8 intrauterine deaths >22 weeks) and 60 liveborn children (62.5%), all of whom were delivered by cesarean delivery at a median gestational age of 33+0 weeks. Three children had minor malformations and there was 1 pregnancy with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. After 26+0 weeks, 78.8% were managed as outpatients. Intrauterine death occurred in 3.8% of outpatients and in 28.6% of inpatients (admitted due to complications). At weeks 32, 33 and 34, the prospective risk of intrauterine death was 6.9%, 4.2% and 5.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION In this nationwide, unselected population, only 62.5% of fetuses with a normal first trimester scan were born alive. In contrast, the mortality was 3.8% after 26 weeks among the 78.8% of the cohort that was managed as outpatients. More knowledge is still needed to predict which pregnancies are at the highest risk of intrauterine death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Madsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Søgaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Zingenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Finn S Jørgensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hanne Rosbach
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva Hoseth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars H Pedersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olav B Petersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University/Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Nase JB. Differential Identification of Three Young Housefire Victims: Methods when Age Assessment Fails. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:907-912. [PMID: 30452783 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple fatality incidents involving more than one child of statistically same age (including twins) can be challenging from an identification standpoint. This case details an urban fire, in which four children perished. Age assessment on three of the victims utilizing maturity staging described by Moorrees, Fanning, and Hunt yielded insignificant results. However, a plot of the MFH data shows the difference between two identical twins and a third child. The twins share a similar growth pattern, whereas the other was different. Based on this graphical interpretation, the nontwin victim was positively identified through exclusion. These results were verified through statistical testing. This case demonstrates a method to repurpose age assessment data to graphically distinguish between child victims. Further, it is shown that radiographic and clinical presentation in childhood identical twins can elicit genetic versus acquired similarities and differences, which can be used for identification of individuals and exclusion of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Nase
- Dental Forensic Services of Indian Valley, 404 Main Street, Harleysville, PA, 19438
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22
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Eris Yalcin S, Akkurt MO, Yavuz A, Yalcin Y, Sezik M. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of cephalopagus conjoined twins at 14 weeks of pregnancy. J Clin Ultrasound 2018; 46:408-411. [PMID: 29064095 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conjoined twins are extremely rare and are a type of monozygotic twins that occur due to an incomplete embryonic division on postconception day 13 to 15. Eight different types of conjoined twins have been described in the literature. Management of the condition depends on the site and extent of the union. We present a case of cephalopagus twins diagnosed at 14 weeks of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serenat Eris Yalcin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozgur Akkurt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - And Yavuz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yakup Yalcin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mekin Sezik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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23
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Gao X, Azarbarzin A, Keenan BT, Ostrowski M, Pack FM, Staley B, Maislin G, Pack AI, Younes M, Kuna ST. Heritability of Heart Rate Response to Arousals in Twins. Sleep 2018; 40:3738286. [PMID: 28431171 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine if the large and highly reproducible interindividual differences in arousal intensity and heart rate response to arousal (ΔHR) during non-REM sleep are heritable. Methods Polysomnograms of 55 monozygotic (14 male and 41 female pairs) and 36 dizygotic (15 male and 21 female pairs) same-sex twin pairs were analyzed. Arousals were scored using the 2012 American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. Arousal intensity was scaled (between 0 and 9) using an automatic algorithm based on the change in electroencephalogram time and frequency characteristics. The ΔHR was determined at each arousal. We calculated average arousal duration, average arousal intensity, average overall ΔHR, average ΔHR at a given arousal intensity, slope of ΔHR per arousal intensity, and arousal intensity threshold of ΔHR. Results The intraclass correlations among monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were 0.663 and 0.146, respectively, for average arousal intensity, and 0.449 and 0, respectively, for arousal intensity threshold of ΔHR controlling for age, sex, and race. These values imply large broad sense heritability (H2) for these traits. This evidence was confirmed by a robust maximum likelihood-based variance components estimation approach, with an additive genetic heritability of 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.48 to 0.80) for average arousal intensity and a combined additive and dominance genetic heritability and of 0.46 (0.25 to 0.68) for arousal intensity threshold of ΔHR. Results also suggested significant additive genetic effects for average arousal duration, ΔHR at arousal intensity scale 4 and the overall average ΔHR. Conclusion Genetic factors explain a significant fraction of the phenotypic variability for average arousal intensity and arousal intensity threshold of ΔHR. Results suggest that the duration of arousals and specific average ΔHR values may also be heritable traits. Clinical trial registration NCT02827461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Respiration, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ali Azarbarzin
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brendan T Keenan
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Frances M Pack
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bethany Staley
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Greg Maislin
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Magdy Younes
- YRT Ltd, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Samuel T Kuna
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
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Tong C, Wen L, Xia Y, Leong P, Wang L, Fan X, Han TL, Craig JM, Baker P, Saffery R, Qi H. Protocol for a longitudinal twin birth cohort study to unravel the complex interplay between early-life environmental and genetic risk factors in health and disease: the Chongqing Longitudinal Twin Study (LoTiS). BMJ Open 2018; 8:e017889. [PMID: 29472256 PMCID: PMC5855313 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-communicable diseases (NCD) now represent the major burden of adverse health in most countries. It is clear that much of the risk of such conditions begins very early in life, potentially in utero. Given their complex aetiology, an understanding of the origins of NCD requires an in-depth analysis of the interplay between genetic variation and environment, preferably over time. For decades, twin studies have played a key role in understanding such traits. Their strength lies in the ability to disentangle genetic and environmental factors that contribute to a phenotype. This is done by comparing genetically identical monozygotic (MZ) with dizygotic twins, who share on average 50% of genetic variation, or by comparing MZ twins within a pair. This study aims to determine the relative contributions of genes and environment to early-onset intermediate phenotypes related to later adult onset disease (such as growth and neurodevelopment) and to identify specific biomarkers and time points for emergence of phenotypes from infancy, largely independent of underlying genetic factors. METHODS/DESIGN The Chongqing Longitudinal Twin Study (LoTiS) will recruit 300 women pregnant with twins, enriched for MZ pregnancies, with follow-up to 3 years of age. Data collection will be undertaken at key time points in gestation (×3), at delivery and postnatally (×9). Maternal and infant biospecimens including blood, urine, hair, nails and buccal swabs along with measures such as fetal scans and body measurements will be collected. Additional information from questionnaires and medical records includes pregnancy, diet, sociodemographics, maternal stress, and infant growth and neurodevelopment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University (record no: 201530) and has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registry no: ChiCTR-OOC-16008203). Results of the recruitment and all subsequent analyses will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-OOC-16008203; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pamela Leong
- Cancer, Disease and Developmental Epigenetics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Early Life Epigenetics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-li Han
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Early Life Epigenetics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Baker
- Early Life Epigenetics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer, Disease and Developmental Epigenetics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ottesen NM, Meluken I, Scheike T, Kessing LV, Miskowiak KW, Vinberg M. Clinical Characteristics, Life Adversities and Personality Traits in Monozygotic Twins With, at Risk of and Without Affective Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:401. [PMID: 30233425 PMCID: PMC6127629 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Affective disorders have a long-term impact on psychiatric health and are caused by multiple interacting factors including familial risk, childhood adversity, life events and personality traits. Methods: In this study, monozygotic twins (MZ) at familial risk (indexed by affective disorder in their co-twin; high-risk group), affected MZ twins (indexed by a diagnosis with affective disorder) and MZ twins with no family history of affective disorder (low-risk group) were identified through cross-linking of nation-wide Danish registers. In total, 204 MZ twins were included and psychopathology, personality traits and life adversity were evaluated by semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Results: Affected MZ twins presented with more subclinical affective symptoms and were functionally impaired as evidenced by higher unemployment rates and reduced functional status. The affected and the high-risk groups reported more childhood adversity and had experienced more stressful life events than the low-risk group. A direct comparison within the discordant twin pairs showed that the high-risk twins presented fewer affective symptoms, better functional status, more extraversion and lower neuroticism scores than their affected co-twins although they had equal levels of life adversity as their affected co-twins. Conclusion: These findings add to the evidence indicating that patients experience higher neuroticism, persistent subclinical symptoms and reduced socio-occupational function after affective episodes. Additionally, neuroticism and extraversion seem capable of moderating the sensitivity to exposure from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninja M Ottesen
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iselin Meluken
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Scheike
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars V Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla W Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
In the 19th century, a series of international statistical congresses introduced common rules for the national demographic registers. This activity contributed to the genesis of statistical research. During the history of twin research, Hellin's law has played a central role because it is an approximately correct association between the rates of multiple maternities. However, it has been mathematically proven that Hellin's law cannot hold exactly. The majority of all studies of Hellin's law are based on empirical rates of multiple maternities. Such studies can never confirm the law, but only identify errors too large to be characterized as random. It is of particular interest to examine why the rates of higher multiple maternities are sometimes too high or too low when Hellin's law is used as a benchmark. However, divergences from the law are often difficult to explain and/or eliminate. Different improvements to the law have been proposed. In this article, we study the seasonality of multiple maternities. We apply Hellin's law to compare the seasonality of twin and triplet rates.
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27
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Doornweerd S, van Duinkerken E, de Geus EJ, Arbab-Zadeh P, Veltman DJ, IJzerman RG. Overweight is associated with lower resting state functional connectivity in females after eliminating genetic effects: A twin study. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5069-5081. [PMID: 28718512 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is related to altered functional connectivity of resting state brain networks that are involved in reward and motivation. It is unknown to what extent these associations reflect genetic confounding and whether the obesity-related connectivity changes are associated with differences in dietary intake. In this study, resting state functional MRI was performed after an overnight fast in 16 female monozygotic twin pairs (aged 48.8 ± 9.8 years) with a mean BMI discordance of 3.96 ± 2.1 kg/m2 (range 0.7-8.2). Functional connectivity of the salience, basal ganglia, default mode and anterior cingulate-orbitofrontal cortex networks was examined by independent component analysis. Dietary intake was assessed using 3-day 24-hour recalls. Results revealed that within the basal ganglia network, heavier versus leaner co-twins have decreased functional connectivity strength in bilateral putamen (P < 0.05, FWE-corrected). There were no differences in connectivity in the other networks examined. In the overall group, lower functional connectivity strength in the left putamen was correlated with higher intake of total fat (P < 0.01). It was concluded that, after eliminating genetic effects, overweight is associated with lower resting state functional connectivity in bilateral putamen in the basal ganglia network. The association between lower putamen connectivity and higher fat intake suggests an important role of the putamen in appetitive mechanisms. The cross-sectional nature of our study cannot discriminate cause and consequence, but the findings are compatible with an effect of lower putamen connectivity on increased BMI and associated higher fat intake. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5069-5081, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stieneke Doornweerd
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco van Duinkerken
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eco J de Geus
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Parniane Arbab-Zadeh
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G IJzerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Weber J, Behn H, Freick M. A rare case of monozygotic iniodymic diprosopiasis in a German Holstein calf. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2017; 45:160724. [PMID: 28585657 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-160724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial duplication abnormity is a rare phenomenon in buiatric practice. This report attends to a male German Holstein calf which could be classified as a diprosopic iniodymus. A fetus exhibiting a doubled face was delivered after fetotomy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of diprosopiasis with two cranial cavities as well as two separate encephala in a calf showing the potential extent of duplication. Throughout this work also the question is answered of whether this malformation in a bovine species arose from one embryo or rather, there is a dizygotic background by genotyping of tissue samples from both parts of the diprosopus. Regarding etiology, not only hereditary dispositions including among others a failed function of the signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog mediating regulation of craniofacial morphogenesis, but also incompletely separated monozygotic twins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Weber
- Jim Weber, Veterinary Practice Zettlitz, Straße der Jugend 68, 09306 Zettlitz, Germany,
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29
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Kuppan A, Rodrigues S, Samuel V, Ramakrishnan M, Halawany HS, Abraham NB, Jacob V, Anil S. Prevalence and Heritability of Early Childhood Caries Among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins. Twin Res Hum Genet 2017; 20:43-52. [PMID: 28105963 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors, which play a major role in the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), can help clinicians with planning a long-term preventive treatment. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and heritability of ECC among monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in Chennai, India, in the year 2013. A cross-sectional study was designed to estimate the prevalence of ECC among twins. Zygosity classification for the survey framework was adapted from a highly accurate parental report questionnaire pertaining to the physical similarity between twins. The associated heritability index was estimated. The Decayed, Missing, Filled Surface (DMFS) Index was used as the diagnostic criterion for dental caries. The prevalence of ECC was estimated at 18.7%. The correlation coefficient between the twin pair showed significant correlation. The heritability index for ECC was estimated at 15% higher prevalence of ECC found among children in the age group 25-36 months. The heritability estimate indicated a relatively low genetic influence for early childhood caries among twins. There was no significant difference detected in the concordance rate for the MZ and DZ twins. Further research could be directed toward the prevalence of ECC among higher age group children to explore the role of genetic and environmental factors.
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Dubois L, Diasparra M, Bogl LH, Fontaine-Bisson B, Bédard B, Tremblay RE, Kaprio J, Boivin M. Dietary Intake at 9 Years and Subsequent Body Mass Index in Adolescent Boys and Girls: A Study of Monozygotic Twin Pairs. Twin Res Hum Genet 2016; 19:47-59. [PMID: 26810866 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of evidence pointing to specific dietary elements related to weight gain and obesity prevention in childhood and adulthood. Dietary intake and obesity are both inherited and culturally transmitted, but most prospective studies on the association between diet and weight status do not take genetics into consideration. The objective of this study was to document the association between dietary intake at 9 years and subsequent Body Mass Index (BMI) in adolescent monozygotic boy and girl twin pairs. This research used data from 152 twin pairs. Dietary data were collected from two 24-hour-recall interviews with a parent and the child aged 9 years. Height and weight were obtained when the twins were aged 9, 12, 13, and 14 years. Intrapair variability analysis was performed to identify dietary elements related to BMI changes in subsequent years. BMI-discordant monozygotic twin pairs were also identified to analyze the dietary constituents that may have generated the discordance. After eliminating potential confounding genetic factors, pre-adolescent boys who ate fewer grain products and fruit and consumed more high-fat meat and milk had higher BMIs during adolescence; pre-adolescent girls who consumed more grain products and high-fat meat and milk had higher BMIs during adolescence. Energy intake (EI) at 9 years was not related to BMI in subsequent years. Our study suggests that messages and interventions directed at obesity prevention could take advantage of sex-specific designs and' eventually' genetic information.
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McNamara HC, Kane SC, Craig JM, Short RV, Umstad MP. A review of the mechanisms and evidence for typical and atypical twinning. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:172-191. [PMID: 26548710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for twinning and disorders of twin gestations have been the subject of considerable interest by physicians and scientists, and cases of atypical twinning have called for a reexamination of the fundamental theories invoked to explain twin gestations. This article presents a review of the literature focusing on twinning and atypical twinning with an emphasis on the phenomena of chimeric twins, phenotypically discordant monozygotic twins, mirror-image twins, polar body twins, complete hydatidiform mole with a coexistent twin, vanishing twins, fetus papyraceus, fetus in fetu, superfetation, and superfecundation. The traditional models attributing monozygotic twinning to a fission event, and more recent models describing monozygotic twinning as a fusion event, are critically reviewed. Ethical restrictions on scientific experimentation with human embryos and the rarity of cases of atypical twinning have limited opportunities to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which these phenomena occur. Refinements in the modeling of early embryonic development in twin pregnancies may have significant clinical implications. The article includes a series of figures to illustrate the phenomena described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C McNamara
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Womens Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan C Kane
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Womens Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger V Short
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark P Umstad
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Womens Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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32
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Parazzini F, Cipriani S, Bianchi S, Bulfoni C, Bortolus R, Somigliana E. Risk of Monozygotic Twins After Assisted Reproduction: A Population-Based Approach. Twin Res Hum Genet 2016; 19:72-6. [PMID: 26743848 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that ovarian stimulation and assisted reproductive techniques (ART) may increase the frequency of monozygotic twins. In this article, we present the analysis of the estimated frequency of twin deliveries following in vitro fertilization (IVF) in Lombardy during the period 2010-2014 for a total of 450,949 pregnancies. METHOD This is a population-based study using data from the regional data base of Lombardy, a northern Italian region with a population of about 10 million inhabitants. During the considered period, a total of 461,424 single or multiple births were registered in Lombardy. After exclusion of triplets or more pregnancies, the total number of twin deliveries, in separate strata of like and unlike sex pregnancies twin deliveries, were obtained and the rate of twin deliveries was computed according to spontaneous and non-spontaneous conception and type of ART. Further, estimates of dizygotic or monozygotic twin births were calculated using Weinberg's methods. RESULTS The frequency of twins deliveries was 1.24/100 deliveries after natural conception and 20.05 after assisted conception. The estimated rates of monozygotic twins was 0.45 and 0.72/100 (95% CI: 0.58-0.91) deliveries after natural and assisted conception, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p < .05). CONCLUSION the present population based study suggests that the risk of monozygotic twin is about 60% higher among assisted than after natural conception.
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Watson NF, Horn E, Duncan GE, Buchwald D, Vitiello MV, Turkheimer E. Sleep Duration and Area-Level Deprivation in Twins. Sleep 2016; 39:67-77. [PMID: 26285009 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We used quantitative genetic models to assess whether area-level deprivation as indicated by the Singh Index predicts shorter sleep duration and modifies its underlying genetic and environmental contributions. METHODS Participants were 4,218 adult twin pairs (2,377 monozygotic and 1,841 dizygotic) from the University of Washington Twin Registry. Participants self-reported habitual sleep duration. The Singh Index was determined by linking geocoding addresses to 17 indicators at the census-tract level using data from Census of Washington State and Census Tract Cartographic Boundary Files from 2000 and 2010. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate genetic decomposition and quantitative genetic interaction models that assessed A (additive genetics), C (common environment), and E (unique environment) main effects of the Singh Index on sleep duration and allowed the magnitude of residual ACE variance components in sleep duration to vary with the Index. RESULTS The sample had a mean age of 38.2 y (standard deviation [SD] = 18), and was predominantly female (62%) and Caucasian (91%). Mean sleep duration was 7.38 h (SD = 1.20) and the mean Singh Index score was 0.00 (SD = 0.89). The heritability of sleep duration was 39% and the Singh Index was 12%. The uncontrolled phenotypic regression of sleep duration on the Singh Index showed a significant negative relationship between area-level deprivation and sleep length (b = -0.080, P < 0.001). Every 1 SD in Singh Index was associated with a ∼4.5 min change in sleep duration. For the quasi-causal bivariate model, there was a significant main effect of E (b(0E) = -0.063; standard error [SE] = 0.30; P < 0.05). Residual variance components unique to sleep duration were significant for both A (b(0Au) = 0.734; SE = 0.020; P < 0.001) and E (b(0Eu) = 0.934; SE = 0.013; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Area-level deprivation has a quasi-causal association with sleep duration, with greater deprivation being related to shorter sleep. As area-level deprivation increases, unique genetic and nonshared environmental residual variance in sleep duration increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, WA.,University of Washington Sleep Center, UW, Seattle, WA.,University of Washington Twin Registry, UW, Seattle, WA
| | - Erin Horn
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Glen E Duncan
- University of Washington Twin Registry, UW, Seattle, WA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, UW, Seattle, WA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- University of Washington Twin Registry, UW, Seattle, WA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, UW, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Eric Turkheimer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Tachon G, Lefort G, Puechberty J, Schneider A, Jeandel C, Boulot P, Prodhomme O, Meyer P, Taviaux S, Touitou I, Pellestor F, Geneviève D, Gatinois V. Discordant sex in monozygotic XXY/XX twins: a case report. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2814-20. [PMID: 25336706 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of discordant phenotypic sex in monozygotic twins mosaic 47,XXY/46,XX: monozygotic heterokaryotypic twins. The twins presented with cognitive and comprehension delay, behavioural and language disorders, all symptoms frequently reported in Klinefelter syndrome. Molecular zygosity analysis with several markers confirmed that the twins are in effect monozygotic (MZ). Array comparative genomic hybridization found no evidence for the implication of copy number variation in the phenotypes. Ultrasound scans of the reproductive organs revealed no abnormalities. Endocrine tests showed a low testosterone level in Twin 1 (male phenotype) and a low gonadotrophin level in Twin 2 (female phenotype) which, combined with the results from ultrasound examination, provided useful information for potentially predicting the future fertility potential of the twins. Blood karyotypes revealed the presence of a normal 46,XX cell line and an aneuploïd 47,XXY cell line in both patients. Examination of the chromosome constitutions of various tissues such as blood, buccal smear and urinary sediment not surprisingly showed different proportions for the 46,XX and 47,XXY cell lines, which most likely explains the discordant phenotypic sex and mild Klinefelter features. The most plausible underlying biological mechanism is a post-zygotic loss of the Y chromosome in an initially 47,XXY zygote. This would result in an embryo with both 46,XX and 47,XXY cells lines which could subsequently divide into two monozygotic embryos through a twinning process. The two cell lines would then be distributed differently between tissues which could result in phenotypic discordances in the twins. These observations emphasize the importance of regular paediatric evaluations to determine the optimal timing for fertility preservation measures and to detect new Klinefelter features which could appear throughout childhood in the two subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tachon
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHRU Montpellier, Faculté de Médecine Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G Lefort
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Puechberty
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHRU Montpellier, Faculté de Médecine Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - A Schneider
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Jeandel
- Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Boulot
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - O Prodhomme
- Service de Radiopédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Meyer
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, CHRU Montpellier, INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier 1-2, Montpellier, France
| | - S Taviaux
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Touitou
- Unité Médicale des Maladies Auto-inflammatoire, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - F Pellestor
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - D Geneviève
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHRU Montpellier, Faculté de Médecine Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - V Gatinois
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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35
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Vinberg M, Miskowiak K, Kessing LV. Serotonin transporter genotype, salivary cortisol, neuroticism and life events: impact on subsequent psychopathology in healthy twins at high and low risk for affective disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:193-8. [PMID: 24140930 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if cortisol alone or in interaction with other risk factors (familial risk, the serotonin transporter genotype, neuroticism and life events (LEs)) predicts onset of psychiatric disorder in healthy individuals at heritable risk. MATRIAL AND METHODS In a high-risk study, 234 healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twins with or without a co-twin history of affective disorder (high and low risk twins) were baseline assessed. Participants were followed up for seven years and then reassessed with a personal interview revealing whether they had developed psychiatric illness. RESULTS 36 participants (15.4%) developed psychiatric disorder. Using Cox proportional hazards ratio (HR) estimates neither morning nor evening salivary cortisol at baseline did predict illness onset. In multivariate Cox models, the two-way interaction between morning cortisol and LEs lifetime before baseline was significantly associated with onset. Further, the HR of onset was higher concerning individuals carrying the short allele of the 5-HTTPLR and having experienced more LEs lifetime. Familial risk for affective disorder predicted illness and the risk of onset was further increased in individuals at familial risk carrying the short allele of the 5-HTTPLR. CONCLUSIONS Cortisol levels alone do not increase the risk of onset of psychiatric illness but the interaction of a lower cortisol level and the experience of more LEs do. The 5-HTTLPR genotype seems to interact and contribute to increased stress vulnerability in combination with other stress indicators of illness thereby adding to the risk of subsequent psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Vinberg
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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36
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The population-based University of Washington Twin Registry (UWTR) was used to examine (1) genetic influences on chronobiology and (2) whether these genetic factors influence alcohol-use phenotypes. METHODS We used a reduced Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) to survey UWTR participants for diurnal preference. Frequency and quantity of alcohol use, as well as binge drinking (6+ drinks per occasion), were assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. Both diurnal preference and alcohol use were self-reported. Twin data were analyzed by using structural equation models. RESULTS The sample consisted of 2,945 participants (mean age = 36.4 years), including 1,127 same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs and 691 individual twins. The rMEQ range was 4-25, with a mean score of 15.3 (SD 4.0). Diurnal "morning types" comprised 30.7% (N = 903) of participants, while 17.4% (N = 513) were "evening types." Regarding alcohol use, 21.2% (N = 624) reported never drinking. Among drinkers, 35.7% (N = 829) reported ≥ 3 drinks per occasion and 48.1% (N = 1,116) reported at least one instance of binge drinking. Genetic influences accounted for 37% of the variance in diurnal preference, with the remaining 63% due to non-shared environmental influences. Genetic propensities toward diurnal eveningness were significantly associated with increased alcohol quantity (β = -0.17; SE = 0.05, p < 0.001) and increased binge drinking (β = -0.19; SE = 0.04, p < 0.001), but not with frequency of alcohol use. Environmental paths between diurnal preference and alcohol use phenotypes were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Genetic influences on diurnal preference confer elevated risk for problematic alcohol use, including increased quantity and binge drinking. Differences in circadian rhythm may be an important and understudied pathway of risk for genetic influences on alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Watson
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; University of Washington Medicine Sleep Center, Seattle, WA ; University of Washington Twin Registry, Seattle, WA
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van 't Erve TJ, Wagner BA, Ryckman KK, Raife TJ, Buettner GR. The concentration of glutathione in human erythrocytes is a heritable trait. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:742-749. [PMID: 23938402 PMCID: PMC3859832 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous, redox-active, small molecule that is critical to cellular and organism health. In red blood cells (RBCs), the influence of the environment (e.g., diet and lifestyle) on GSH levels has been demonstrated in numerous studies. However, it remains unknown if levels of GSH are determined principally by environmental factors or if there is a genetic component, i.e., heritability. To investigate this we conducted a twin study. Twin studies are performed by comparing the similarity in phenotypes between mono- and dizygotic twin pairs. We determined the heritability of GSH, as well as its oxidation product glutathione disulfide (GSSG), the sum of GSH equivalents (tGSH), and the status of the GSSG/2GSH couple (marker of oxidation status, Ehc) in RBCs. In our study population we found that the estimated heritability for the intracellular concentration of GSH in RBCs was 57 %; for GSSG it was 51 %, tGSH 63 %, and Ehc 70 %. We conclude that a major portion of the phenotype of these traits is controlled genetically. We anticipate that these heritabilities will also be reflected in other cell types. The discovery that genetics plays a major role in the innate levels of redox-active species in RBCs is paradigm shifting and opens new avenues of research in the field of redox biology. Inherited RBC antioxidant levels may be important disease modifiers. By identifying the relative contributions of genes and the environment to antioxidant variation between individuals, new therapeutic strategies can be developed. Understanding the genetic determinants of these inherited traits may allow personalized approaches to relevant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van 't Erve
- Interdisciplinary Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Thomas J Raife
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, and The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Holtzman CW, Trotman HD, Goulding SM, Ryan AT, Macdonald AN, Shapiro DI, Brasfield JL, Walker EF. Stress and neurodevelopmental processes in the emergence of psychosis. Neuroscience 2013; 249:172-91. [PMID: 23298853 PMCID: PMC4140178 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The notion that stress plays a role in the etiology of psychotic disorders, especially schizophrenia, is longstanding. However, it is only in recent years that the potential neural mechanisms mediating this effect have come into sharper focus. The introduction of more sophisticated models of the interplay between psychosocial factors and brain function has expanded our opportunities for conceptualizing more detailed psychobiological models of stress in psychosis. Further, scientific advances in our understanding of adolescent brain development have shed light on a pivotal question that has challenged researchers; namely, why the first episode of psychosis typically occurs in late adolescence/young adulthood. In this paper, we begin by reviewing the evidence supporting associations between psychosocial stress and psychosis in diagnosed patients as well as individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. We then discuss biological stress systems and examine changes that precede and follow psychosis onset. Next, research findings on structural and functional brain characteristics associated with psychosis are presented; these findings suggest that normal adolescent neuromaturational processes may go awry, thereby setting the stage for the emergence of psychotic syndromes. Finally, a model of neural mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of psychosis is presented and directions for future research strategies are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. W. Holtzman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - H. D. Trotman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - S. M. Goulding
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - A. T. Ryan
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - A. N. Macdonald
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - D. I. Shapiro
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - J. L. Brasfield
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - E. F. Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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Hall FS, Drgonova J, Jain S, Uhl GR. Implications of genome wide association studies for addiction: are our a priori assumptions all wrong? Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:267-79. [PMID: 23872493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Substantial genetic contributions to addiction vulnerability are supported by data from twin studies, linkage studies, candidate gene association studies and, more recently, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Parallel to this work, animal studies have attempted to identify the genes that may contribute to responses to addictive drugs and addiction liability, initially focusing upon genes for the targets of the major drugs of abuse. These studies identified genes/proteins that affect responses to drugs of abuse; however, this does not necessarily mean that variation in these genes contributes to the genetic component of addiction liability. One of the major problems with initial linkage and candidate gene studies was an a priori focus on the genes thought to be involved in addiction based upon the known contributions of those proteins to drug actions, making the identification of novel genes unlikely. The GWAS approach is systematic and agnostic to such a priori assumptions. From the numerous GWAS now completed several conclusions may be drawn: (1) addiction is highly polygenic; each allelic variant contributing in a small, additive fashion to addiction vulnerability; (2) unexpected, compared to our a priori assumptions, classes of genes are most important in explaining addiction vulnerability; (3) although substantial genetic heterogeneity exists, there is substantial convergence of GWAS signals on particular genes. This review traces the history of this research; from initial transgenic mouse models based upon candidate gene and linkage studies, through the progression of GWAS for addiction and nicotine cessation, to the current human and transgenic mouse studies post-GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scott Hall
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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40
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Braskie MN, Kohannim O, Jahanshad N, Chiang MC, Barysheva M, Toga AW, Ringman JM, Montgomery GW, McMahon KL, de Zubicaray GI, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Thompson PM. Relation between variants in the neurotrophin receptor gene, NTRK3, and white matter integrity in healthy young adults. Neuroimage 2013; 82:146-53. [PMID: 23727532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The NTRK3 gene (also known as TRKC) encodes a high affinity receptor for the neurotrophin 3'-nucleotidase (NT3), which is implicated in oligodendrocyte and myelin development. We previously found that white matter integrity in young adults is related to common variants in genes encoding neurotrophins and their receptors. This underscores the importance of neurotrophins for white matter development. NTRK3 variants are putative risk factors for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder hoarding, suggesting that some NTRK3 variants may affect the brain. To test this, we scanned 392 healthy adult twins and their siblings (mean age, 23.6 ± 2.2 years; range: 20-29 years) with 105-gradient 4-Tesla diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We identified 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NTRK3 gene that have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. We used a multi-SNP model, adjusting for family relatedness, age, and sex, to relate these variants to voxelwise fractional anisotropy (FA) - a DTI measure of white matter integrity. FA was optimally predicted (based on the highest false discovery rate critical p), by five SNPs (rs1017412, rs2114252, rs16941261, rs3784406, and rs7176429; overall FDR critical p=0.028). Gene effects were widespread and included the corpus callosum genu and inferior longitudinal fasciculus - regions implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders and previously associated with other neurotrophin-related genetic variants in an overlapping sample of subjects. NTRK3 genetic variants, and neurotrophins more generally, may influence white matter integrity in brain regions implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith N Braskie
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Dept. of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Watson NF, Harden KP, Buchwald D, Vitiello MV, Pack AI, Weigle DS, Goldberg J. Sleep duration and body mass index in twins: a gene-environment interaction. Sleep 2012; 35:597-603. [PMID: 22547885 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine whether sleep duration modifies genetic and environmental influences on body mass index (BMI). DESIGN Genotype-environment interaction twin study. SETTING University of Washington Twin Registry. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS A population-based sample of US twins (1,088 pairs, 604 monozygotic, 484 dizygotic; 66% female; mean age = 36.6 yr, standard deviation (SD) = 15.9 yr). INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Participants self-reported information on height, weight, and sleep. Mean BMI was calculated as 25.3 kg/m² (SD = 5.4) and mean habitual sleep duration was 7.2 hr/night (SD = 1.2). Data were analyzed using biometric genetic interaction models. Overall the heritability of sleep duration was 34%. Longer sleep duration was associated with decreased BMI (P < 0.05). The heritability of BMI when sleep duration was < 7 hr (h² = 70%) was more than twice as large as the heritability of BMI when sleep duration was ≥ 9 hr (h² = 32%); this interaction was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Shorter sleep duration is associated with increased BMI and increased genetic influences on BMI, suggesting that shorter sleep duration increases expression of genetic risks for high body weight. At the same time, longer sleep duration may suppress genetic influences on body weight. Future research aiming to identify specific genotypes for BMI may benefit by considering the moderating role of sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Watson
- University of Washington Medicine Sleep Center, Box 359803, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USA.
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Shin LM, Bush G, Milad MR, Lasko NB, Brohawn KH, Hughes KC, Macklin ML, Gold AL, Karpf RD, Orr SP, Rauch SL, Pitman RK. Exaggerated activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during cognitive interference: a monozygotic twin study of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2011; 168:979-85. [PMID: 21724666 PMCID: PMC3773363 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.09121812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroimaging studies have revealed functional abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goal of this study was to determine whether hyperresponsivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate in PTSD is an acquired characteristic or a familial risk factor. METHOD Using a case-control twin design, the authors studied combat-exposed veterans with PTSD (N=12) and their identical combat-unexposed co-twins (N=12), as well as combat-exposed veterans without PTSD (N=14) and their identical combat-unexposed co-twins (N=14). Participants underwent functional MRI during completion of the Multi-Source Interference Task, which reliably activates the dorsal anterior cingulate. RESULTS Combat-exposed veterans with PTSD and their unexposed co-twins had significantly greater activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate and tended to have larger response time difference scores, as compared to combat-exposed veterans without PTSD and their co-twins. Dorsal anterior cingulate activation in the exposed twins was positively correlated with their PTSD symptom severity. Dorsal anterior cingulate activation in the unexposed twins was positively correlated with their combat-exposed co-twins' PTSD symptom severity, but not with depression or alcohol use severity in the combat-exposed co-twins. CONCLUSIONS Hyperresponsivity in the dorsal anterior cingulate appears to be a familial risk factor for the development of PTSD following psychological trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Shin
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - George Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mohammed R. Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Natasha B. Lasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA,VA Research Service, Manchester, NH
| | - Kathryn Handwerger Brohawn
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Andrea L. Gold
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Rachel D. Karpf
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Scott P. Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA,VA Research Service, Manchester, NH
| | - Scott L. Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Harvard
Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Roger K. Pitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA
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Watson NF, Buchwald D, Vitiello MV, Noonan C, Goldberg J. A twin study of sleep duration and body mass index. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6:11-17. [PMID: 20191932 PMCID: PMC2823270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the relative importance of genetic and environmental contributions to the association between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Twins from the University of Washington Twin Registry, a community-based sample of U.S. twins, provided self-reported height and weight for BMI calculation and habitual sleep duration. A generalized estimating equation model evaluated the overall and within twin pair effects of sleep duration on BMI with and without stratification by twin zygosity. A structural equation model was used to assess genetic and non-genetic contributions to BMI and sleep duration. RESULTS The study sample included 1,224 twins comprised of 423 monozygotic, 143 dizygotic, and 46 indeterminate pairs. The mean age was 36.9 years; 69% were female. A multivariate adjusted analysis of all twins revealed an elevated mean BMI (26.0 kg/m2) in short sleeping twins (< 7 h/night) compared to twins sleeping 7-8.9 h/night (BMI 24.8 kg/m2; p < 0.01). The within-twin pair analysis revealed similar results, with the short sleeping twins having a mean BMI of 25.8 kg/ m2 compared to 24.9 kg/m2 for the 7-8.9 h/night sleep duration group (p = 0.02). When restricted to monozygotic twins, the within-twin pair analysis continued to reveal an elevated BMI in the short sleeping twins (25.7 kg/m2) compared to the 7-8.9 h/night reference group (24.7 kg/m2; p = 0.02). No differences in mean BMI were observed between the 7-8.9 h/night reference group twins and longer sleeping twins (> or = 9 h/night) in the analysis of all twins, the overall within-twin pair analysis, or the within-twin pair analysis stratified by zygosity. The heritability of sleep duration was 0.31 (p = 0.08) and BMI 0.76 (p < 0.01). Bivariate genetic analysis revealed little evidence of shared genetics between sleep duration and BMI (p = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS Short sleep was associated with elevated BMI following careful adjustment for genetics and shared environment. These findings point toward an environmental cause of the relationship between sleep duration and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Watson
- Department of Neurology and University of Washington Medicine Sleep Institute, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USA.
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Boklage CE. Traces of embryogenesis are the same in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: not compatible with double ovulation. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:1255-66. [PMID: 19252194 PMCID: PMC2683734 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Common knowledge of over a century has it that monozygotic and dizygotic twinning events occur by unrelated mechanisms: monozygotic twinning 'splits' embryos, producing anomalously re-arranged embryogenic asymmetries; dizygotic twinning begins with independent ovulations yielding undisturbed parallel embryogeneses with no expectation of departures from singleton outcomes. The anomalies statistically associated with twin births are due to the re-arranged embryos of the monozygotics. Common knowledge further requires that dizygotic pairs are dichorionic; monochorionicity is exclusive to monozygotic pairs. These are fundamental certainties in the literature of twin biology. Multiple observations contradict those common knowledge understandings. The double ovulation hypothesis of dizygotic twinning is untenable. Girl-boy twins differ subtly from all other humans of either sex, absolutely not representative of all dizygotics. Embryogenesis of dizygotic twins differs from singleton development at least as much as monozygotic embryogenesis does, and in the same ways, and the differences between singletons and twins of both zygosities represent a coherent system of re-arranged embryogenic asymmetries. Dizygotic twinning and monozygotic twinning have the same list of consequences of anomalous embryogenesis. Those include an unignorable fraction of dizygotic pairs that are in fact monochorionic, plus many more sharing co-twins' cells in tissues other than a common chorion. The idea that monozygotic and dizygotic twinning events arise from the same embryogenic mechanism is the only plausible hypothesis that might explain all of the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Boklage
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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Abstract
This study compared the prevalence of cardiovascular defects in twin and singleton births and explored the influences of zygosity (monozygotic and dizygotic) and maternal age (<35 and >or=35 years of age) on concordance. Data on twin and singleton infants with (n = 628 twin pairs and n = 14,078 singletons) and without (n = 53,974 twin pairs and n = 4,858,255 singletons) cardiovascular defects were obtained from the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program and the California vital statistics birth and fetal death records during the period 1983-2003. Prevalence ratios (PR) (prevalence of twin/singleton) and approximate 95% confidence intervals were calculated for 16 congenital cardiovascular categories. Poisson regression techniques using log-linear models were employed to assess whether the probability of concordance of defects within each cardiovascular category varied by zygosity or maternal age. An increased prevalence was observed in twins compared to singletons in all 16 cardiovascular categories. Seven of the cardiovascular categories had at least double the prevalence in twins compared to singletons. Like-sex twins, as a proxy of monozygosity, had an increased prevalence of cardiovascular defects compared to unlike sex twins. Probabilities of concordance for flow lesions were higher among monozygotic than dizygotic twins. Our study provides evidence that twinning is associated with more cardiovascular defects than singletons. Increased concordance for flow lesions in monozygotic twins was observed, an observation that is in agreement with findings from familial recurrence studies of cardiovascular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hardin
- March of Dimes Research Division, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, USA.
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Levitt JJ, Chen QC, May FS, Gilbertson MW, Shenton ME, Pitman RK. Volume of cerebellar vermis in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: lack of relationship to post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 2006; 148:143-9. [PMID: 17097862 PMCID: PMC2768053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 10/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the cerebellar vermis in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but there have been no structural neuroimaging studies of this brain structure in PTSD. We utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with manual tracing to quantify the volumes of three divisions of the mid-sagittal vermis, and their total, within an identical, co-twin control design that employed Vietnam veterans discordant for combat exposure in Vietnam. Each structure's volume was significantly correlated between twins, indicating a partial familial determination: for anterior superior vermis, r=0.73; for posterior superior vermis, r=0.47; for inferior posterior vermis, r=0.51; and for total vermis, r=0.57. There were no significant differences between the PTSD and non-PTSD veterans for any vermis volume, and no significant main effects or interactions when their non-combat-exposed co-twins were added to the analyses. Thus, the results do not support the structural abnormality of cerebellar vermis in combat-related PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Levitt
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Brockton, MA 02301, USA
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May FS, Chen QC, Gilbertson MW, Shenton ME, Pitman RK. Cavum septum pellucidum in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 55:656-8. [PMID: 15013837 PMCID: PMC2794416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2003] [Revised: 09/29/2003] [Accepted: 09/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormally large cavum septum pellucidum has been reported in posttraumatic stress disorder; however, the origin of this association is uncertain. METHODS We utilized magnetic resonance imaging to measure cavum septum pellucidum in pairs of identical twins discordant for combat exposure in Vietnam. RESULTS Presence of abnormal cavum septum pellucidum was significantly correlated between exposed and unexposed twins, indicating that it is partially determined by heredity and/or shared environment. There was a greater proportion of cavum septum pellucidum in combat-exposed twins with posttraumatic stress disorder and their noncombat-exposed co-twins. CONCLUSIONS The presence of abnormally large cavum septum pellucidum is a familial vulnerability factor for posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia S May
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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