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Li Y, Liu S, You C. Permeabilized
Escherichia coli
Whole Cells Containing Co‐Expressed Two Thermophilic Enzymes Facilitate the Synthesis of
scyllo
‐Inositol from
myo
‐Inositol. Biotechnol J 2019; 15:e1900191. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| | - Shan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Spector R, Robert Snodgrass S, Johanson CE. A balanced view of the cerebrospinal fluid composition and functions: Focus on adult humans. Exp Neurol 2015; 273:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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3
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Rana P, Gupta M, Khan AR, Hemanth Kumar BS, Roy R, Khushu S. NMR based metabolomics reveals acute hippocampal metabolic fluctuations during cranial irradiation in murine model. Neurochem Int 2014; 74:1-7. [PMID: 24787771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cranial irradiation is widely used as a treatment modality or prophylactic treatment in cancer patients, but it is frequently related to neurocognitive impairment in cancer survivors. Though most of radiation-induced changes occur during early and late delayed phase of radiation sickness, recent reports have supported the evidence of impaired neurogenesis within 24-48 h of radiation exposure that may implicate changes in acute phase as well. Inspection of these acute changes could be considered important as they may have long lasting effect on cognitive development and functions. In the present study, (1)H NMR spectroscopy based metabolomic approach was used to obtain comprehensive information of hippocampus metabolic physiology during acute phase of radiation sickness in a mouse model for single dose 8 Gy cranial irradiation. The analysis demonstrated reduced metabolic activity in irradiated animals compared to controls, typically evident in citric acid cycle intermediates, glutamine/glutamate and ketone bodies metabolism thus providing strong indication that the hippocampus is metabolically responsive to radiation exposure. The data suggested reduced glucose utilization, altered intermediary and neurotransmitter metabolism in hippocampus tissue extract. To the best of our knowledge this is the first metabolomic study to document cranial irradiation induced acute metabolic changes using in vitro(1)H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Rana
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Mamta Gupta
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ahmad Raza Khan
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - B S Hemanth Kumar
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Raja Roy
- Centre for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subash Khushu
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
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4
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Yde CC, Bertram HC, Theil PK, Knudsen KEB. Effects of high dietary fibre diets formulated from by-products from vegetable and agricultural industries on plasma metabolites in gestating sows. Arch Anim Nutr 2011; 65:460-76. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2011.621284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yamaoka M, Osawa S, Morinaga T, Takenaka S, Yoshida KI. A cell factory of Bacillus subtilis engineered for the simple bioconversion of myo-inositol to scyllo-inositol, a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:69. [PMID: 21896210 PMCID: PMC3176187 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A stereoisomer of inositol, scyllo-inositol, is known as a promising therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease, since it prevents the accumulation of beta-amyloid deposits, a hallmark of the disease. However, this compound is relatively rare in nature, whereas another stereoisomer of inositol, myo-inositol, is abundantly available. RESULTS Bacillus subtilis possesses a unique inositol metabolism involving both stereoisomers. We manipulated the inositol metabolism in B. subtilis to permit the possible bioconversion from myo-inositol to scyllo-inositol. Within 48 h of cultivation, the engineered strain was able to convert almost half of 10 g/L myo-inositol to scyllo-inositol that accumulated in the culture medium. CONCLUSIONS The engineered B. subtilis serves as a prototype of cell factory enabling a novel and inexpensive supply of scyllo-inositol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Yamaoka
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657 8501, Japan
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Constantinou C, Chrysanthopoulos PK, Margarity M, Klapa MI. GC-MS metabolomic analysis reveals significant alterations in cerebellar metabolic physiology in a mouse model of adult onset hypothyroidism. J Proteome Res 2010; 10:869-79. [PMID: 21028881 DOI: 10.1021/pr100699m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although adult-onset hypothyroidism (AOH) has been connected to neural activity alterations, including movement, behavioral, and mental dysfunctions, the underlying changes in brain metabolic physiology have not been investigated in a systemic and systematic way. The current knowledge remains fragmented, referring to different experimental setups and recovered from various brain regions. In this study, we developed and applied a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics protocol to obtain a holistic view of the cerebellar metabolic physiology in a Balb/cJ mouse model of prolonged adult-onset hypothyroidism induced by a 64-day treatment with 1% potassium perchlorate in the drinking water of the animals. The high-throughput analysis enabled the correlation between multiple parallel-occurring metabolic phenomena; some have been previously related to AOH, while others implicated new pathways, designating new directions for further research. Specifically, an overall decline in the metabolic activity of the hypothyroid compared to the euthyroid cerebellum was observed, characteristically manifested in energy metabolism, glutamate/glutamine metabolism, osmolytic/antioxidant capacity, and protein/lipid synthesis. These alterations provide strong evidence that the mammalian cerebellum is metabolically responsive to AOH. In light of the cerebellum core functions and its increasingly recognized role in neurocognition, these findings further support the known phenotypic manifestations of AOH into movement and cognitive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Constantinou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and High-Temperature Chemical Processes (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Patras, Greece
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Choi JK, Carreras I, Dedeoglu A, Jenkins BG. Detection of increased scyllo-inositol in brain with magnetic resonance spectroscopy after dietary supplementation in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:353-7. [PMID: 20399219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that inositol isomers may help protect against formation of toxic fibrils of Abeta fragments in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Scyllo-inositol is one of the more promising inositol isomers for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be detected using MRS in human subjects. In this manuscript we demonstrate using MRS, in two different mouse models of AD (APP x PS1 and APP x PS1 x tau), that we could detect increased scyllo-inositol in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in mice fed water supplemented with 16.5 mg/L of scyllo-inositol equivalent to about 3.3 mg/kg/day. We used both brain extracts using solution MRS as well as intact brain tissue using high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) to ensure that any membrane-associated scyllo-inositol would be detected. By brain extracts we detected a 3.0 fold increase in scyllo-inositol in the scyllo-fed AD mice compared to normal diet (p < 0.001). Using HRMAS we detected a 2.2-2.4-fold increase in scyllo-inositol (p < 0.001). Scyllo-inositol treatment was associated with an increase in glutamine in hippocampus. The concentrations of scyllo-inositol were higher in the hippocampus than in the frontal cortex. Mice have a smaller concentration of scyllo-inositol than humans (ca. 100 microM vs. 500 microM in humans). Given the ease with which scyllo-inositol can be measured in human MRS data with high signal to noise ratios, these data suggest that MRS will prove useful for evaluation of inositol treatment trials in AD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kyung Choi
- A A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Nitz M, Fenili D, Darabie AA, Wu L, Cousins JE, McLaurin J. Modulation of amyloid-β aggregation and toxicity by inosose stereoisomers. FEBS J 2008; 275:1663-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tzeng HF, Chen JY, Huang SW, Wang YJ, Yang CS. Simultaneous determination ofmyo-inositol andscyllo-inositol by MEKC as a rapid monitoring tool for inositol levels. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1221-8. [PMID: 17351885 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid MEKC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, and glucose. Prior to electrophoretic separation, the nonfluorescent inositols and glucose were derivatized by N-methylisatoic anhydride at 25 degrees C for 10 min so that they could be detected by a fluorescence detector during separation. The good separation with high efficiency by MEKC was achieved in 13 min with a glycine buffer containing SDS and PEG 4000. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the pH of BGE, the concentrations of glycine, SDS, and PEG 4000, and the applied voltage. Using glycerol as an internal standard, the linear ranges of the method for myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, and glucose were 0.03-10, 0.01-5, and 0.05-20 mM; the concentration LODs of myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, and glucose were 0.020, 0.0078, and 0.026 mM, respectively. The method was applied to analyze extracellular myo-inositol and glucose in the microdialysates from rat brain cortex of ischemia animal model and intracellular myo-inositol and scyllo-inositol in the rat brain extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, Taiwan.
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Fenili D, Brown M, Rappaport R, McLaurin J. Properties of scyllo–inositol as a therapeutic treatment of AD-like pathology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2007; 85:603-11. [PMID: 17279347 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inositol is a simple polyol with eight naturally occurring stereoisomers. myo-Inositol, D-chiro- and epi-inositol have been examined as potential therapeutic agents for various diseases, with favorable results, but treatment with scyllo-inositol has not been previously investigated. Our laboratory has shown that scyllo-inositol inhibits cognitive deficits in TgCRND8 mice and significantly ameliorates disease pathology, suggesting it might be effective in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this paper, we show that scyllo-inositol has a sustained ability to treat animals at advanced stages of AD-like pathology. Significant decreases in insoluble Abeta40, Abeta42, and plaque accumulation were observed in the brains of treated versus untreated TgCRND8 mice. The growth of plaques of all sizes was inhibited by scyllo-inositol administration. To demonstrate that the scyllo-inositol effects were within the CNS, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to examine myo- and scyllo-inositol concentrations after oral administration. Further, we examined how closely scyllo- and myo-inositol are inter-regulated in the CNS and whether scyllo-inositol, if elevated within the CNS, would incorporate into phosphatidylinositol lipids. Cerebral spinal fluid levels of scyllo-inositol increased after scyllo-inositol treatment but not myo-inositol treatment. scyllo-Inositol treatment also caused increased levels of scyllo-inositol in the brain. We further show that scyllo-inositol, even at elevated levels, does not incorporate into the phosphatidylinositol family of lipids. These combined results demonstrate that scyllo-inositol accumulates within the CNS up to tenfold endogenous levels and does not interfere with phosphatidylinositol lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fenili
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H2, Canada
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Viola A, Nicoli F, Denis B, Confort-Gouny S, Le Fur Y, Ranjeva JP, Viout P, Cozzone PJ. High cerebral scyllo-inositol: a new marker of brain metabolism disturbances induced by chronic alcoholism. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2004; 17:47-61. [PMID: 15340856 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-004-0044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2004] [Revised: 06/07/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral metabolic changes that concur to motor and/or cognitive disorders in actively drinking alcoholics are not well established. We tested the hypothesis that chronic alcoholics exhibit profound alterations in the cerebral metabolism of scyllo-inositol. Brain metabolism was explored in nine actively drinking and 11 recently detoxified chronic alcoholics by in vivo brain (1)H-MRS and in vitro(1)H-MRS of blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The cohort was composed of individuals with acute, subacute or chronic encephalopathy or without any clinical encephalopathy. Chronic alcoholism is associated with a hitherto unrecognized accumulation of brain scyllo-inositol. Our results suggest that scyllo-inositol is produced within the central nervous system and shows a diffuse but heterogenous distribution in brain where it can persist several weeks after detoxification. Its highest levels were observed in subjects with a clinically symptomatic alcohol-related encephalopathy. When detected, brain scyllo-inositol takes part in a metabolic encephalopathy since it is associated with reduced N-acetylaspartate and increased creatine. High levels of cerebral scyllo-inositol are correlated with altered glial and neuronal metabolism. Our findings suggest that the accumulation of scyllo-inositol may precede and take part in the development of symptomatic alcoholic metabolic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viola
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique, Biologique et Médicale UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd J. Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Fisher SK, Novak JE, Agranoff BW. Inositol and higher inositol phosphates in neural tissues: homeostasis, metabolism and functional significance. J Neurochem 2002; 82:736-54. [PMID: 12358779 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Inositol phospholipids and inositol phosphates mediate well-established functions in signal transduction and in Ca2+ homeostasis in the CNS and non-neural tissues. More recently, there has been renewed interest in other roles that both myo-inositol and its highly phosphorylated forms may play in neural function. We review evidence that myo-inositol serves as a clinically relevant osmolyte in the CNS, and that its hexakisphosphate and pyrophosphorylated derivatives may play roles in such diverse cellular functions as DNA repair, nuclear RNA export and synaptic membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K Fisher
- Mental Health Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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McLaurin J, Golomb R, Jurewicz A, Antel JP, Fraser PE. Inositol stereoisomers stabilize an oligomeric aggregate of Alzheimer amyloid beta peptide and inhibit abeta -induced toxicity. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:18495-502. [PMID: 10764800 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m906994199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol has 8 stereoisomers, four of which are physiologically active. myo-Inositol is the most abundant isomer in the brain and more recently shown that epi- and scyllo-inositol are also present. myo-Inositol complexes with Abeta42 in vitro to form a small stable micelle. The ability of inositol stereoisomers to interact with and stabilize small Abeta complexes was addressed. Circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated that epi- and scyllo- but not chiro-inositol were able to induce a structural transition from random to beta-structure in Abeta42. Alternatively, none of the stereoisomers were able to induce a structural transition in Abeta40. Electron microscopy demonstrated that inositol stabilizes small aggregates of Abeta42. We demonstrate that inositol-Abeta interactions result in a complex that is non-toxic to nerve growth factor-differentiated PC-12 cells and primary human neuronal cultures. The attenuation of toxicity is the result of Abeta-inositol interaction, as inositol uptake inhibitors had no effect on neuronal survival. The use of inositol stereoisomers allowed us to elucidate an important structure-activity relationship between Abeta and inositol. Inositol stereoisomers are naturally occurring molecules that readily cross the blood-brain barrier and may represent a viable treatment for AD through the complexation of Abeta and attenuation of Abeta neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McLaurin
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H2, Canada.
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Seaquist ER, Gruetter R. Identification of a high concentration of scyllo-inositol in the brain of a healthy human subject using 1H- and 13C-NMR. Magn Reson Med 1998; 39:313-6. [PMID: 9469716 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910390220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The peak at 3.35 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectrum characteristic for scyllo-inositol may be a marker for cerebral pathology, although it has a well-known constant concentration relative to myo-inositol. Such a peak was observed with an intensity at least 300% above normal in the brain of a healthy volunteer. The scyllo-inositol signal was assigned based on the detection of a corresponding peak at 74.5 ppm in the 13C-NMR spectrum and on the demonstration of singlet characteristics of the proton signal. The presence of substantial brain concentrations of scyllo-inositol suggests that scyllo-inositol metabolism may be regulated independently from myo-inositol and that such concentrations are compatible with normal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Seaquist
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
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Cyclitols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-461012-5.50012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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Preparative-scale separation by anion-exchange chromatography of six per-C-deuterated inositol epimers produced during C-1H-C-2H exchange reactions with raney nickel in deuterium oxide. Carbohydr Res 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(87)80055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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