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Liu Q, Li X, Xiao M, Ai Y, Liu G, Ding H, Pu S. A "Turn-on" Fluorescent Probe Based on Phenothiazine for Selectively Recognizing ClO - and its Practical Applications. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2451-2459. [PMID: 37129794 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO), a highly reactive oxygen species, has important effects on human health. High selectivity and sensitivity remain challenges of fluorescent probes for detection of ClO- with a large Stokes shift. This work designed and synthesized a novel phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe TF which can detect ClO- by colorimetric and fluorescent dual signals. TF displayed turn-on fluorescence effect toward ClO- with high selectivity (≥ 28-folds) and sensitivity (LOD = 0.472 μM), fast response time (< 1 min) and large Stokes shift (150 nm) in PBS (pH = 7.4, 40% DMSO). Meanwhile, TF can visualize ClO- on the mung bean sprouts model and apply as testing strips for portable and rapid detecting ClO- by the naked eyes. A phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift was synthesized and its responding rapidly ability to detect ClO- was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Ai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichang Ding
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang, 330103, People's Republic of China.
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Levaro-Loquio D, Serrano-Luna J, Velásquez-Torres M, Higuera-Martínez G, Arciniega-Martínez IM, Reséndiz-Albor AA, Pérez-Vielma NM, Pacheco-Yépez J. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antiamoebic Activity of Kaempferol against Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica and in the Interactions of Amoebae with Hamster Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11216. [PMID: 37446394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) is a parasite in humans that provokes amoebiasis. The most employed drug is metronidazole (MTZ); however, some studies have reported that this drug induces genotoxic effects. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new compounds without toxicity that can eliminate E. histolytica. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that have demonstrated inhibition of growth and dysregulation of amoebic proteins. Despite the knowledge acquired to date, action mechanisms are not completely understood. The present work evaluates the effect of kaempferol against E. histolytica trophozoites and in the interactions with neutrophils from hamster, which is a susceptibility model. Our study demonstrated a significant reduction in the amoebic viability of trophozoites incubated with kaempferol at 150 μM for 90 min. The gene expression analysis showed a significant downregulation of Pr (peroxiredoxin), Rr (rubrerythrin), and TrxR (thioredoxin reductase). In interactions with amoebae and neutrophils for short times, we observed a reduction in ROS (reactive oxygen species), NO (nitric oxide), and MPO (myeloperoxidase) neutrophil activities. In conclusion, we confirmed that kaempferol is an effective drug against E. histolytica through the decrease in E. histolytica antioxidant enzyme expression and a regulator of several neutrophil mechanisms, such as MPO activity and the regulation of ROS and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Levaro-Loquio
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Jesús Serrano-Luna
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Maritza Velásquez-Torres
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Germán Higuera-Martínez
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | | | - Aldo Arturo Reséndiz-Albor
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Nadia Mabel Pérez-Vielma
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud, CICS, San Tomás, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yépez
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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Huang W, Du X, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhang J, Yang XF. Rational Design of a Dual-Channel Fluorescent Probe for the Simultaneous Imaging of Hypochlorous Acid and Peroxynitrite in Living Organisms. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17485-17493. [PMID: 36480597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) are two important highly reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, which commonly coexist in biosystems and play pivotal roles in many physiological and pathological processes. To investigate their function and correlations, it is urgently needed to construct chemical tools that can track the production of HOCl and ONOO- in biological systems with distinct fluorescence signals. Here, we found that the coumarin fluorescence of coumarin-benzopyrylium (CB) hydrazides (spirocyclic form) is dim, and their fluorescence properties are controlled by their benzopyran moiety via an intramolecular photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process. Based on this mechanism, we report the development of a fluorescent probe CB2-H for the simultaneous detection of HOCl and ONOO-. ONOO- can selectively oxidize the hydrazide group of CB2-H to afford the parent dye CB2 (Absmax/Emmax = 631/669 nm). In the case of HOCl, it undergoes an electrophilic attack on the benzopyran moiety of CB2-H to give a chlorinated product CB2-H-Cl, which inhibits the PET process within the probe and thus affords a turn-on fluorescence response at the coumarin channel (Absmax/Emmax = 407/468 nm). Due to the marked differences in absorption/emission wavelengths between the HOCl and ONOO- products, CB2-H enables the concurrent detection of HOCl and ONOO- at two independent channels without spectral cross-interference. CB2-H has been applied for dual-channel fluorescence imaging of endogenously produced HOCl and ONOO- in living cells and zebrafish under different stimulants. The present probe provides a useful tool for further exploring the distribution and correlation of HOCl and ONOO- in more biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xinmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Congjie Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Shengrui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P. R. China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
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Copper Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Acute Inflammatory Response and Injury in Murine Lung Is Ameliorated by Synthetic Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (LGM2605). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179477. [PMID: 34502389 PMCID: PMC8430773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs), such as the highly bioreactive copper-based nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), are widely used in manufacturing of hundreds of commercial products. Epidemiological studies correlated levels of nanoparticles in ambient air with a significant increase in lung disease. CuO-NPs, specifically, were among the most potent in a set of metal-oxides and carbons studied in parallel regarding DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Despite advances in nanotoxicology research and the characterization of their toxicity, the exact mechanism(s) of toxicity are yet to be defined. We identified chlorination toxicity as a damaging consequence of inflammation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activation, resulting in macromolecular damage and cell damage/death. We hypothesized that the inhalation of CuO-NPs elicits an inflammatory response resulting in chlorination damage in cells and lung tissues. We further tested the protective action of LGM2605, a synthetic small molecule with known scavenging properties for reactive oxygen species (ROS), but most importantly, for active chlorine species (ACS) and an inhibitor of MPO. CuO-NPs (15 µg/bolus) were instilled intranasally in mice and the kinetics of the inflammatory response in lungs was evaluated 1, 3, and 7 days later. Evaluation of the protective action of LGM2605 was performed at 24 h post-challenge, which was selected as the peak acute inflammatory response to CuO-NP. LGM2605 was given daily via gavage to mice starting 2 days prior to the time of the insult (100 mg/kg). CuO-NPs induced a significant inflammatory influx, inflammasome-relevant cytokine release, and chlorination damage in mouse lungs, which was mitigated by the action of LGM2605. Preventive action of LGM2605 ameliorated the adverse effects of CuO-NP in lung.
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Kim D, Jung OS, Lee DJ, Kim HJ, Lee MW, Yoon J, Kim HM, Lee S. Hypochlorite-Activated Fluorescence Emission and Antibacterial Activities of Imidazole Derivatives for Biological Applications. Front Chem 2021; 9:713078. [PMID: 34322477 PMCID: PMC8311462 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.713078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect hypochlorite (HOCl/ClO-) in vivo is of great importance to identify and visualize infection. Here, we report the use of imidazoline-2-thione (R 1 SR 2 ) probes, which act to both sense ClO- and kill bacteria. The N2C=S moieties can recognize ClO- among various typical reactive oxygen species (ROS) and turn into imidazolium moieties (R 1 IR 2 ) via desulfurization. This was observed through UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, with a high fluorescence emission quantum yield (ՓF = 43-99%) and large Stokes shift (∆v∼115 nm). Furthermore, the DIM probe, which was prepared by treating the DSM probe with ClO-, also displayed antibacterial efficacy toward not only Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) but also methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC), that is, antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These results suggest that the DSM probe has great potential to carry out the dual roles of a fluorogenic probe and killer of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ok-Sang Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dong Joon Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hak Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Myung Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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Er R, Aydın B, Şekeroğlu V, Atlı Şekeroğlu Z. Protective effect of Argan oil on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress against acrylamide-induced liver and kidney injury in rats. Biomarkers 2020; 25:458-467. [PMID: 32683986 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1797877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acrylamide (ACR) is now a risk for general public health. Argan oil (AO) is harvested from the fruits of Argania spinosa and its rich source of antioxidant and phenolic compounds. OBJECTIVE The aim of present study was to investigate the protective effect of AO against ACR-induced liver and kidney injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were exposed to ACR (50 mg/kg/day three times per week), AO (6 ml/kg/day per day) and ACR together with AO for 30 days. Oxidative status and mitochondrial functions were evaluated in liver and kidney. RESULTS Although ALT, AST, urea and creatine levels in serum, myeloperoxidase and total nitrite (NOx) levels in the tissues, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls levels were increased in the ACR-treated rats, cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione levels, oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, TCA cycle enzymes, mitochondrial metabolic function and ATP level were decreased. The administration of ACR together with AO normalised almost all these parameters. CONCLUSION Over recent years, compounds that specifically target mitochondria have emerged as promising therapeutic options for patients with hepatic and renal diseases. We think that AO oil is one of these compounds due to its unique content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahime Er
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Birsen Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Vedat Şekeroğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Shen Y, Dai L, Zhang Y, Li H, Chen Y, Zhang C. A novel pyridinium-based fluorescent probe for ratiometric detection of peroxynitrite in mitochondria. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117762. [PMID: 31708458 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a primary kind of reactive oxygen species. Excessive ONOO- can induce oxidative damage to biomolecules and further results in various diseases. So, quantitative monitoring ONOO- with excellent selectivity and sensitivity is imperative for elucidating its role in biological processes. In this study, a novel pyridinium fluorescent ONOO- probe (CPC) has been constructed base on ICT-modulated by combining coumarin fluorophore and diphenylphosphinate recognition group. The fluorescence response of CPC for ONOO- is realized via the removal of diphenylphosphinate group. The probe CPC shows prominent features for detection of ONOO- including fast response rate (within 3 min), excellent selectivity and sensitivity, distinct colorimetric (red to green), and a large emission wavelength shift (105 nm). The emission intensity ration (I538/I643) exhibits 153-fold enhancement along with the increasing ONOO- and the detection limit is as low as 1.60 × 10-8 M. These good response properties make CPC possible to quantitative detection of ONOO- concentration. By using the strategy, the ratiometric CPC has been employed to detection of mitochondrial ONOO- in live cell successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Shen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China.
| | - Lingcong Dai
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Haitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Yuandao Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China
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Wang B, Zhang F, Wang S, Yang R, Chen C, Zhao W. Imaging endogenous HClO in atherosclerosis using a novel fast-response fluorescence probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2598-2601. [PMID: 32016205 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel probe S-ClO was developed, which could selectively sense HClO as well as monitor HClO-induced arterial vessel inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital
- Jiangnan University (Wuxi Third People's Hospital)
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Shukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Chonghao Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital
- Jiangnan University (Wuxi Third People's Hospital)
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
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Gong YJ, Lv MK, Zhang ML, Kong ZZ, Mao GJ. A novel two-photon fluorescent probe with long-wavelength emission for monitoring HClO in living cells and tissues. Talanta 2019; 192:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sun J, Feng F. An S-alkyl thiocarbamate-based biosensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of hypochlorous acid. Analyst 2018; 143:4251-4255. [PMID: 30106397 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We reported a near-infrared biosensor that features a dihydromethylene blue and an S-alkyl thiocarbamate linker to detect hypochlorous acid in a drastic fluorescence turn-on response. We achieved high sensitivity at the nanomolar level and high selectivity that resolves the interference issue with mercury ions and other transition metal ions. We demonstrated the response mechanism by analysing the released segments, and investigated the imaging capability to detect both exogenous and endogenous hypochlorous acid in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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SM S, HN S, NA E, AS H. Curative role of pantothenic acid in brain damage of gamma irradiated rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:314-321. [PMID: 30072831 PMCID: PMC6052731 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radiation induced brain damage is associated with impairment of mitochondrial functions, variations in the level of neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial function is closely linked to the level of neurotransmitters since the precursors are supplied by the Kreb's cycle intermediates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pantothenic acid, an essential component in the synthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA), on the activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH); the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA; the activity of transaminases, and oxidative stress, in the cerebrum of γ-irradiated rats. Pantothenic acid (26 mg/Kg) was orally administered to the rats, 2 h after irradiation and during the following 5 days. Animals were sacrificed the 7th day post-irradiation. The exposure of male albino rats to γ-rays (5 Gy) has triggered oxidative stress notified by a significant elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, associated to a significant decrease in the content of phospholipids, and the antioxidant compound glutathione (GSH). The activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH, has significantly decreased, while the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA has significantly increased. In parallel to these changes, the activity of alanine and aspartate transaminase has significantly increased, compared to their values in the control rats. Pantothenic acid treatment, has significantly attenuated oxidative stress; enhanced the activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH; minimized the increase in the level of amino acids and the activity of transaminases, compared to their values in the cerebrum of irradiated rats. In conclusion, pantothenic acid could improve the level of neurotransmitters amino acids, which depends on the enzymatic activities of Krebs cycle and linked to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shedid SM
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
| | - Saada HN
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
| | - Eltahawy NA
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
| | - Hammad AS
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
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Mishra OP, Popov AV, Pietrofesa RA, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Andrake M, Christofidou-Solomidou M. Synthetic secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (LGM2605) inhibits myeloperoxidase activity in inflammatory cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1364-1375. [PMID: 29524540 PMCID: PMC5970065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloperoxidase (MPO) generates hypochlorous acid (HOCl) during inflammation and infection. We showed that secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) scavenges radiation-induced HOCl in physiological solutions. However, the action of SDG and its synthetic version, LGM2605, on MPO-catalyzed generation of HOCl is unknown. The present study evaluated the effect of LGM2605 on human MPO, and murine MPO from macrophages and neutrophils. METHODS MPO activity was determined fluorometrically using hypochlorite-specific 3'-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein (APF). The effect of LGM2605 on (a) the peroxidase cycle of MPO was determined using Amplex Red while the effect on (b) the chlorination cycle was determined using a taurine chloramine assay. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy we determined the effect of LGM2605 on the EPR signals of MPO. Finally, computational docking of SDG was used to identify energetically favorable docking poses to enzyme's active site. RESULTS LGM2605 inhibited human and murine MPO activity. MPO inhibition was observed in the absence and presence of Cl-. EPR confirmed that LGM2605 suppressed the formation of Compound I, an oxoiron (IV) intermediate [Fe(IV)O] containing a porphyrin π-radical of MPO's catalytic cycle. Computational docking revealed that SDG can act as an inhibitor by binding to the enzyme's active site. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that LGM2605 inhibits MPO activity by suppressing both the peroxidase and chlorination cycles. EPR analysis demonstrated that LGM2605 inhibits MPO by decreasing the formation of the highly oxidative Compound I. This study identifies a novel mechanism of LGM2605 action as an inhibitor of MPO and indicates that LGM2605 may be a promising attenuator of oxidant-dependent inflammatory tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P Mishra
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Ralph A Pietrofesa
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Mark Andrake
- Molecular Modeling Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Zhang KY, Yu Q, Wei H, Liu S, Zhao Q, Huang W. Long-Lived Emissive Probes for Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Bioimaging and Biosensing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1770-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huanjie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced
Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for
Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
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14
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Cruz-Baquero A, Cárdenas Jaramillo LM, Gutiérrez-Meza M, Jarillo-Luna RA, Campos-Rodríguez R, Rivera-Aguilar V, Miliar-García A, Pacheco-Yepez J. Different behavior of myeloperoxidase in two rodent amoebic liver abscess models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182480. [PMID: 28796788 PMCID: PMC5552100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amoebiasis, which can spread to the liver and form amoebic liver abscesses. Histological studies conducted with resistant and susceptible models of amoebic liver abscesses (ALAs) have established that neutrophils are the first cells to contact invasive amoebae at the lesion site. Myeloperoxidase is the most abundant enzyme secreted by neutrophils. It uses hydrogen peroxide secreted by the same cells to oxidize chloride ions and produce hypochlorous acid, which is the most efficient microbicidal system of neutrophils. In a previous report, our group demonstrated that myeloperoxidase presents amoebicidal activity in vitro. The aim of the current contribution was to analyze in vivo the role of myeloperoxidase in a susceptible (hamsters) and resistant (Balb/c mice) animal models of ALAs. In liver samples of hamsters and mice inoculated intraportally with Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, the number of neutrophils in ALAs was determined by enzymatic activity. The presence of myeloperoxidase was observed by staining, and its expression and activity were quantified in situ. A significant difference existed between the two animal models in the number of neutrophils and the expression and activity of myeloperoxidase, which may explain the distinct evolution of amoebic liver abscesses. Hamsters and mice were treated with an MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide). Hamsters treated with ABAH showed no significant differences in the percentage of lesions or in the percentage of amoebae damaged compared with the untreated hamsters. ABAH treated mice versus untreated mice showed larger abscesses and a decreased percentage of damaged amoebae in these lesion at all stages of evolution. Further studies are needed to elucidate the host and amoebic mechanisms involved in the adequate or inadequate activation and modulation of myeloperoxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cruz-Baquero
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y Díaz Mirón, CP, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luz María Cárdenas Jaramillo
- Coordinación de Ciencias Morfológicas, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y Díaz Mirón, CP, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Manuel Gutiérrez-Meza
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y Díaz Mirón, CP, Ciudad de México, México
- Coordinación de Ciencias Morfológicas, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y Díaz Mirón, CP, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosa Adriana Jarillo-Luna
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y Díaz Mirón, CP, Ciudad de México, México
- Coordinación de Ciencias Morfológicas, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y Díaz Mirón, CP, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Campos-Rodríguez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y Díaz Mirón, CP, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Víctor Rivera-Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, CP, Tlanepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Angel Miliar-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y Díaz Mirón, CP, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yepez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y Díaz Mirón, CP, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jacob Hu
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Sen Ye
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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16
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Jun YW, Sarkar S, Singha S, Reo YJ, Kim HR, Kim JJ, Chang YT, Ahn KH. A two-photon fluorescent probe for ratiometric imaging of endogenous hypochlorous acid in live cells and tissues. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10800-10803. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent probe enables two-photon ratiometric imaging of endogenous hypochlorous acid, a reactive oxygen species, in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Subhankar Singha
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Reo
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Biopolis 138667
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
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17
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Zhu B, Li P, Shu W, Wang X, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Tang B. Highly Specific and Ultrasensitive Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging of Native HOCl in Lysosomes and Tissues Based on Thiocarbamate Derivatives. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12532-12538. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baocun Zhu
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon
Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon
Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon
Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon
Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuokai Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon
Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon
Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Xu Q, Heo CH, Kim JA, Lee HS, Hu Y, Kim D, Swamy KMK, Kim G, Nam SJ, Kim HM, Yoon J. A Selective Imidazoline-2-thione-Bearing Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Hypochlorous Acid in Mitochondria. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6615-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Heo
- Department
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-749, Korea
| | - Jin A. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hye Sue Lee
- Department
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-749, Korea
| | - Ying Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Kunemadihalli Mathada Kotraiah Swamy
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, V. L. College of Pharmacy, Raichur 584-103, Karnataka, India
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-749, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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19
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Mishra OP, Popov AV, Pietrofesa RA, Christofidou-Solomidou M. Gamma-irradiation produces active chlorine species (ACS) in physiological solutions: Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) scavenges ACS - A novel mechanism of DNA radioprotection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1884-97. [PMID: 27261092 PMCID: PMC5253237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the main lignan in whole grain flaxseed, is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger with known radioprotective properties. However, the exact mechanism of SDG radioprotection is not well understood. The current study identified a novel mechanism of DNA radioprotection by SDG in physiological solutions by scavenging active chlorine species (ACS) and reducing chlorinated nucleobases. Methods The ACS scavenging activity of SDG was determined using two highly specific fluoroprobes: hypochlorite-specific 3′-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein (APF) and hydroxyl radical-sensitive 3′-(p-hydroxyphenyl) fluorescein (HPF). Dopamine, an SDG structural analog, was used for proton 1H NMR studies to trap primary ACS radicals. Taurine N-chlorination was determined to demonstrate radiation-induced generation of hypochlorite, a secondary ACS. DNA protection was assessed by determining the extent of DNA fragmentation and plasmid DNA relaxation following exposure to ClO− and radiation. Purine base chlorination by ClO− and γ-radiation was determined by using 2-aminopurine (2-AP), a fluorescent analog of 6-aminopurine. Results: Chloride anions (Cl−) consumed >90% of hydroxyl radicals in physiological solutions produced by γ-radiation resulting in ACS formation, which was detected by 1H NMR. Importantly, SDG scavenged hypochlorite- and γ-radiation-induced ACS. In addition, SDG blunted ACS-induced fragmentation of calf thymus DNA and plasmid DNA relaxation. SDG treatment before or after ACS exposure decreased the ClO− or γ-radiation-induced chlorination of 2-AP. Exposure to γ-radiation resulted in increased taurine chlorination, indicative of ClO− generation. NMR studies revealed formation of primary ACS radicals (chlorine atoms (Cl•) and dichloro radical anions (Cl2−•)), which were trapped by SDG and its structural analog dopamine. Conclusion We demonstrate that γ-radiation induces the generation of ACS in physiological solutions. SDG treatment scavenged ACS and prevented ACS-induced DNA damage and chlorination of 2-aminopurine. This study identified a novel and unique mechanism of SDG radioprotection, through ACS scavenging, and supports the potential usefulness of SDG as a radioprotector and mitigator for radiation exposure as part of cancer therapy or accidental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Ralph A Pietrofesa
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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20
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Jeitner TM, Kalogiannis M, Krasnikov BF, Gomolin I, Peltier MR, Moran GR. Linking Inflammation and Parkinson Disease: Hypochlorous Acid Generates Parkinsonian Poisons. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:388-402. [PMID: 27026709 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common feature of Parkinson Disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a reactive oxygen species formed by neutrophils and other myeloperoxidase-containing cells during inflammation. HOCl chlorinates the amine and catechol moieties of dopamine to produce chlorinated derivatives collectively termed chlorodopamine. Here, we report that chlorodopamine is toxic to dopaminergic neurons both in vivo and in vitro Intrastriatal administration of 90 nmol chlorodopamine to mice resulted in loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra and decreased ambulation-results that were comparable to those produced by the same dose of the parkinsonian poison, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Chlorodopamine was also more toxic to differentiated SH SY5Y cells than HOCl. The basis of this selective toxicity is likely mediated by chlorodopamine uptake through the dopamine transporter, as expression of this transporter in COS-7 cells conferred sensitivity to chlorodopamine toxicity. Pharmacological blockade of the dopamine transporter also mitigated the deleterious effects of chlorodopamine in vivo The cellular actions of chlorodopamine included inactivation of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, as well as inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. The latter effect is consistent with inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. Illumination at 670 nm, which stimulates cytochrome c oxidase, reversed the effects of chlorodopamine. The observed changes in mitochondrial biochemistry were also accompanied by the swelling of these organelles. Overall, our findings suggest that chlorination of dopamine by HOCl generates toxins that selectively kill dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in a manner comparable to MPP+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Jeitner
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Basic Science, Valhalla, NY 10595; Department of Biomedical Research
| | | | | | - Irving Gomolin
- Department of Geriatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501
| | | | - Graham R Moran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
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21
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Zhao C, An J, Zhou L, Fei Q, Wang F, Tan J, Shi B, Wang R, Guo Z, Zhu WH. Transforming the recognition site of 4-hydroxyaniline into 4-methoxyaniline grafted onto a BODIPY core switches the selective detection of peroxynitrite to hypochlorous acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2075-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08936k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
From peroxynitrite to HOCl: two probes are reported, sharing the same BODIPY core but differing only by a minimized variation in the recognition site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Jiancai An
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Feiyi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Tan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Ben Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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22
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Kalogiannis M, Delikatny EJ, Jeitner TM. Serotonin as a putative scavenger of hypohalous acid in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:651-661. [PMID: 26699077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders represent the culmination of numerous insults including oxidative stress. The long etiology of most of these disorders suggests that lessening the effects of one or more of the insults could significantly delay disease onset. Antioxidants have been tested as possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders, but with little success. Here we report that serotonin acts as a scavenger of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the brain. Serotonin was shown to prevent the oxidation of 2-thio-5-nitrobenzoate by HOCl in a biphasic manner. The first phase was a partial scavenging that occurred at concentrations of serotonin that exceeded those of HOCl. (1)H-NMR studies indicated that HOCl chlorinates both the aryl and akyl nitrogen atoms of serotonin. Thus, the oxidation of 2-thio-5-nitrobenzoate that occurred during the first phase of scavenging is likely due to the formation of serotonergic chloramines. A second phase of scavenging occurred at concentrations of HOCl that exceeded those of serotonin. Under these conditions, the chlorinated serotonin polymerized and formed inert aggregates. Serotonin was further shown to prevent the loss of cells and cellular α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity caused by HOCl. Extracellular concentrations of serotonin in the brain can be elevated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and suggests that such compounds could be used to increase the cerebral antioxidant capacity. Acute administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to mice treated with endotoxin partially mitigated sickness behavior and protein chlorination in the brain. These observations suggest that serotonin may act to suppress chlorinative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Kalogiannis
- Department of Neurosciences, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
| | - E James Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 317 Anatomy Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Thomas M Jeitner
- Department of Neurosciences, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Basic Sciences, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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23
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Xu J, Jiang H, Li J, Cheng KK, Dong J, Chen Z. 1H NMR-based metabolomics investigation of copper-laden rat: a model of Wilson's disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119654. [PMID: 25849323 PMCID: PMC4388371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Wilson's disease (WD), also known as hepatoleticular degeneration (HLD), is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of copper metabolism, which causes copper to accumulate in body tissues. In this study, rats fed with copper-laden diet are used to render the clinical manifestations of WD, and their copper toxicity-induced organ lesions are studied. To investigate metabolic behaviors of 'decoppering' process, penicillamine (PA) was used for treating copper-laden rats as this chelating agent could eliminate excess copper through the urine. To date, there has been limited metabolomics study on WD, while metabolic impacts of copper accumulation and PA administration have yet to be established. MATERIALS AND METHODS A combination of 1HNMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis was applied to examine the metabolic profiles of the urine and blood serum samples collected from the copper-laden rat model of WD with PA treatment. RESULTS Copper accumulation in the copper-laden rats is associated with increased lactate, creatinine, valine and leucine, as well as decreased levels of glucose and taurine in the blood serum. There were also significant changes in p-hydroxyphenylacetate (p-HPA), creatinine, alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), dimethylamine, N-acetylglutamate (NAG), N-acetylglycoprotein (NAC) in the urine of these rats. Notably, the changes in p-HPA, glucose, lactate, taurine, valine, leucine, and NAG were found reversed following PA treatment. Nevertheless, there were no changes for dimethylamine, α-KG, and NAC as a result of the treatment. Compared with the controls, the concentrations of hippurate, formate, alanine, and lactate were changed when PA was applied and this is probably due to its side effect. A tool named SMPDB (Small Molecule Pathway Database) is introduced to identify the metabolic pathway influenced by the copper-laden diet. CONCLUSION The study has shown the potential application of NMR-based metabolomic analysis in providing further insights into the molecular mechanism underlying disorder due to WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Huaizhou Jiang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kian-Kai Cheng
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering & Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Jiyang Dong
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Xu Q, Heo CH, Kim G, Lee HW, Kim HM, Yoon J. Development of Imidazoline-2-Thiones Based Two-Photon Fluorescence Probes for Imaging Hypochlorite Generation in a Co-Culture System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Xu Q, Heo CH, Kim G, Lee HW, Kim HM, Yoon J. Development of Imidazoline-2-Thiones Based Two-Photon Fluorescence Probes for Imaging Hypochlorite Generation in a Co-Culture System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4890-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Jeitner TM, Kalogiannis M, Patrick PA, Gomolin I, Palaia T, Ragolia L, Brand D, Delikatny EJ. Inflaming the diseased brain: a role for tainted melanins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:937-50. [PMID: 25585261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases, but the irritants responsible for this response remain largely unknown. This report addressed the hypothesis that hypochlorous acid reacts with dopamine to produce melanic precipitates that promote cerebral inflammation. Spectrophotometric studies demonstrated that nM amounts of HOCl and dopamine react within seconds. A second-order rate constant for the reaction of HOCl and dopamine of 2.5 × 10(4)M(-1)s(-1) was obtained by measuring loss of dopaminergic fluorescence due to HOCl. Gravimetric measurements, electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and a novel use of flow cytometry confirmed that the major product of this reaction is a precipitate with an average diameter of 1.5 μm. Flow cytometry was also used to demonstrate the preferential reaction of HOCl with dopamine rather than albumin. Engulfment of the chlorodopamine particulates by phagocytes in vitro caused these cells to release TNFα and die. Intrastriatal administration of 10(6) particles also increased the content of TNFα in the brain and led to a 50% loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the nigra. These studies indicate that HOCl and dopamine react quickly and preferentially with each other to produce particles that promote inflammation and neuronal death in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Jeitner
- Department of Neurosciences, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
| | - M Kalogiannis
- Department of Neurosciences, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - P A Patrick
- Department of Outcomes Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - I Gomolin
- Department of Geriatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - T Palaia
- Department of Vascular Biology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - L Ragolia
- Department of Vascular Biology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - D Brand
- Department of Outcomes Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - E J Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Sauer SW, Opp S, Komatsuzaki S, Blank AE, Mittelbronn M, Burgard P, Koeller DM, Okun JG, Kölker S. Multifactorial modulation of susceptibility to l-lysine in an animal model of glutaric aciduria type I. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:768-77. [PMID: 25558815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type I is an inherited defect in L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine and L-tryptophan degradation caused by deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). The majority of untreated patients presents with accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites - glutaric acid (GA) and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA) - and striatal injury. Gcdh(-/-) mice display elevated levels of GA and 3-OH-GA but do not spontaneously develop striatal lesions. L-lysine-enriched diets (appr. 235 mg/d) were suggested to induce a neurological phenotype similar to affected patients. In our hands 93% of mice stressed according to the published protocol remained asymptomatic. To understand the underlying mechanism, we modified their genetic background (F1 C57BL6/Jx129/SvCrl) and increased the daily oral L-lysine supply (235-433 mg). We identified three modulating factors, (1) gender, (2) genetic background, and (3) amount of L-lysine. Male mice displayed higher vulnerability and inbreeding for more than two generations as well as elevating L-lysine supply increased the diet-induced mortality rate (up to 89%). Onset of first symptoms leads to strongly reduced intake of food and, thus, L-lysine suggesting a threshold for toxic metabolite production to induce neurological disease. GA and 3-OH-GA tissue concentrations did not correlate with dietary L-lysine supply but differed between symptomatic and asymptomatic mice. Cerebral activities of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, and aconitase were decreased. Symptomatic mice did not develop striatal lesions or intracerebral hemorrhages. We found severe spongiosis in the hippocampus of Gcdh(-/-) mice which was independent of dietary L-lysine supply. In conclusion, the L-lysine-induced pathology in Gcdh(-/-) mice depends on genetic and dietary parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven W Sauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvana Opp
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoko Komatsuzaki
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Eva Blank
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe-University Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe-University Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Peter Burgard
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D M Koeller
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Preparation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate for the routine determination of reagent hypochlorous acid concentrations. Anal Biochem 2013; 441:180-1. [PMID: 23872002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solutions of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) decay over time. This decay indicates the necessity for methods and reagents for the routine measurement of this oxidant. 2-Nitro-5-thiobenzoate is commonly used to measure HOCl concentrations. This article describes a method for the preparation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate that is stable for at least 3 months. This method relies on the partial rather than full reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and the resulting equilibrium between the substrate and the product.
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Stacey MM, Cuddihy SL, Hampton MB, Winterbourn CC. Protein thiol oxidation and formation of S-glutathionylated cyclophilin A in cells exposed to chloramines and hypochlorous acid. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 527:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Selective and Sensitive Fluorescence Chemosensor for the Hypochlorite Anion in Water. J Fluoresc 2012; 22:1257-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Neutrophil myeloperoxidase: soldier and statesman. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 60:43-54. [PMID: 22143159 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a major protein constituent of the primary granules of vertebrate neutrophils. It catalyses the hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of halide ions to hypohalous acids, especially HOCl. These reactive oxygen species can participate in a variety of secondary reactions, leading to modifications of amino acids and many types of biological macromolecules. The classic paradigm views MPO as a component of the phagocyte oxygen-dependent intracellular microbicidal system, and thus an important arm of the effector phase of innate immune responses. However, the limited immunodeficiency associated with lack of MPO in mouse and human models has challenged this paradigm. In this review we examine more recent information on the interaction between MPO, its bioreactive reaction products, and targets within the inflammatory microenvironment. We propose that two assumptions of the current model may require revisiting. First, many important targets of MPO modification are extracellular, rather than present only within the phagolysosome, such as various components of neutrophil extracellular traps. Second, we suggest that the pro-inflammatory pathological role of MPO may be a particular feature of chronic inflammation. In the physiological setting of acute neutrophil-mediated inflammation MPO may also form part of a negative feedback loop which down-regulates inflammation, limits tissue damage, and facilitates the switch from innate to adaptive immunity. This different perspective on this well-studied enzyme may usefully inform further research into its function in health and disease.
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Shi Q, Gibson GE. Up-regulation of the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by oxidative stress is mediated by miR-743a. J Neurochem 2011; 118:440-8. [PMID: 21623795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
These experiments reveal for the first time that microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate oxidant regulated expression of a mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle gene (mdh2). mdh2 encoded malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is elevated by an unknown mechanism in brains of patients that died with Alzheimer's disease. Oxidative stress, an early and pervasive event in Alzheimer's disease, increased MDH activity and mRNA level of mdh2 by 19% and 22%, respectively, in a mouse hippocampal cell line (HT22). Post-transcriptional events underlie the change in mRNA because actinomycin D did not block the elevated mdh2 mRNA. Since miRNAs regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, the expression of miR-743a, a miRNA predicted to target mdh2, was determined and showed a 52% reduction after oxidant treatment. Direct interaction of miR-743a with mdh2 was demonstrated with a luciferase based assay. Over-expression or inhibition of miR-743a led to a respective reduction or increase in endogenous mRNA and MDH activity. The results demonstrate that miR-743a negatively regulates mdh2 at post-transcriptional level by directly targeting the mdh2 3'UTR. The findings are consistent with the suggestion that oxidative stress can elevate the activity of MDH through miR-743a, and provide new insights into possible roles of miRNA in oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Shi
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College/Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.
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Shi Q, Xu H, Yu H, Zhang N, Ye Y, Estevez AG, Deng H, Gibson GE. Inactivation and reactivation of the mitochondrial α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17640-8. [PMID: 21454586 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.203018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced brain metabolism is an invariant feature of Alzheimer Disease (AD) that is highly correlated to the decline in brain functions. Decreased activities of key tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle enzymes may underlie this abnormality and are highly correlated to the clinical state of the patient. The activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC), an arguably rate-limiting enzyme of the TCA cycle, declines with AD, but the mechanism of inactivation and whether it can be reversed remains unknown. KGDHC consists of multiple copies of three subunits. KGDHC is sensitive to oxidative stress, which is pervasive in AD brain. The present studies tested the mechanism for the peroxynitrite-induced inactivation and subsequent reactivation of purified and cellular KGDHC. Peroxynitrite inhibited purified KGDHC activity in a dose-dependent manner and reduced subunit immunoreactivity and increased nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. Nano-LC-MS/MS showed that the inactivation was related to nitration of specific tyrosine residues in the three subunits. GSH diminished the nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity of peroxynitrite-treated KGDHC, restored the activity and the immunoreactivity for KGDHC. Nano-LC-MS/MS showed this was related to de-nitration of specific tyrosine residues, suggesting KGDHC may have a denitrase activity. Treatment of N2a cells with peroxynitrite for 5 min followed by recovery of cells for 24 h reduced KGDHC activity and increased nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. Increasing cellular GSH in peroxynitrite-treated cells rescued KGDHC activity to the control level. The results suggest that restoring KGDHC activity is possible and may be a useful therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Shi
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College/Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, USA
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Gibson GE, Starkov A, Blass JP, Ratan RR, Beal MF. Cause and consequence: mitochondrial dysfunction initiates and propagates neuronal dysfunction, neuronal death and behavioral abnormalities in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1802:122-34. [PMID: 19715758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are associated with mild impairment of oxidative metabolism and accumulation of abnormal proteins. Within the cell, the mitochondria appears to be a dominant site for initiation and propagation of disease processes. Shifts in metabolism in response to mild metabolic perturbations may decrease the threshold for irreversible injury in response to ordinarily sublethal metabolic insults. Mild impairment of metabolism accrue from and lead to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROS change cell signaling via post-transcriptional and transcriptional changes. The cause and consequences of mild impairment of mitochondrial metabolism is one focus of this review. Many experiments in tissues from humans support the notion that oxidative modification of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) compromises neuronal energy metabolism and enhances ROS production in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). These data suggest that cognitive decline in AD derives from the selective tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle abnormalities. By contrast in Huntington's Disease (HD), a movement disorder with cognitive features distinct form AD, complex II+III abnormalities may dominate. These distinct mitochondrial abnormalities culminate in oxidative stress, energy dysfunction, and aberrant homeostasis of cytosolic calcium. Cytosolic calcium, elevations even only transiently, leads to hyperactivity of a number of enzymes. One calcium-activated enzyme with demonstrated pathophysiological import in HD and AD is transglutaminase (TGase). TGase is a crosslinking enzymes that can modulate transcription, inactivate metabolic enzymes, and cause aggregation of critical proteins. Recent data indicate that TGase can silence expression of genes involved in compensating for metabolic stress. Altogether, our results suggest that increasing KGDHC via inhibition of TGase or via a host of other strategies to be described would be effective therapeutic approaches in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Gibson
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University at Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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Gibson GE, Karuppagounder SS, Shi Q. Oxidant-induced changes in mitochondria and calcium dynamics in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1147:221-32. [PMID: 19076444 PMCID: PMC2744687 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1427.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considerable data support the hypothesis that mitochondrial abnormalities link gene defects and/or environmental insults to the neurodegenerative process. The interaction of oxidants with calcium and the mitochondrial enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are central to that relationship. Abnormalities that were discovered in brains or fibroblasts from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been modeled in vitro and in vivo to assess their pathophysiological importance and to determine how they might be reversed. The conclusions are consistent with the hypothesis that the AD-related abnormalities result from oxidative stress. The selection of compounds for reversal is complex because the actions of the relevant compounds vary under different conditions, such as cell redox states and acute versus chronic changes. However, the models that have been developed are useful for testing the effectiveness of the potential medications. The results suggest that the reversal of mitochondrial deficits and a reduction in oxidative stress will reduce clinical and pathological changes and benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Gibson
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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Davies MJ, Hawkins CL, Pattison DI, Rees MD. Mammalian heme peroxidases: from molecular mechanisms to health implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:1199-234. [PMID: 18331199 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A marked increase in interest has occurred over the last few years in the role that mammalian heme peroxidase enzymes, primarily myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and lactoperoxidase, may play in both disease prevention and human pathologies. This increased interest has been sparked by developments in our understanding of polymorphisms that control the levels of these enzymes, a greater understanding of the basic chemistry and biochemistry of the oxidants formed by these species, the development of specific biomarkers that can be used in vivo to detect damage induced by these oxidants, the detection of active forms of these peroxidases at most, if not all, sites of inflammation, and a correlation between the levels of these enzymes and a number of major human pathologies. This article reviews recent developments in our understanding of the enzymology, chemistry, biochemistry and biologic roles of mammalian peroxidases and the oxidants that they generate, the potential role of these oxidants in human disease, and the use of the levels of these enzymes in disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, Camperdown, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia., Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is defined by progressive impairments in memory and cognition and by the presence of extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. However, oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function always accompany AD. Mitochondria are a major site of production of free radicals [ie, reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and primary targets of ROS. ROS are cytotoxic, and evidence of ROS-induced damage to cell membranes, proteins, and DNA in AD is overwhelming. Nevertheless, therapies based on antioxidants have been disappointing. Thus, alternative strategies are necessary. ROS also act as signaling molecules including for transcription. Thus, chronic exposure to ROS in AD could activate cascades of genes. Although initially protective, prolonged activation may be damaging. Thus, therapeutic approaches based on modulation of these gene cascades may lead to effective therapies. Genes involved in several pathways including antioxidant defense, detoxification, inflammation, etc, are induced in response to oxidative stress and in AD. However, genes that are associated with energy metabolism, which is necessary for normal brain function, are mostly down-regulated. Redox-sensitive transcription factors such as activator protein-1, nuclear factor-kappaB, specificity protein-1, and hypoxia-inducible factor are important in redox-dependent gene regulation. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1alpha) is a coactivator of several transcription factors and is a potent stimulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. Down-regulated expression of PGC-1alpha has been implicated in Huntington disease and in several Huntington disease animal models. PGC-1alpha role in regulation of ROS metabolism makes it a potential candidate player between ROS, mitochondria, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the current progress on how oxidative stress regulates the expression of genes that might contribute to AD pathophysiology and the implications of the transcriptional modifications for AD. Finally, potential therapeutic strategies based on the updated understandings of redox state-dependent gene regulation in AD are proposed to overcome the lack of efficacy of antioxidant therapies.
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Zhao N, Zhong C, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Gong N, Zhou G, Xu T, Hong Z. Impaired hippocampal neurogenesis is involved in cognitive dysfunction induced by thiamine deficiency at early pre-pathological lesion stage. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 29:176-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 07/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Shi Q, Xu H, Kleinman WA, Gibson GE. Novel functions of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex may mediate diverse oxidant-induced changes in mitochondrial enzymes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2007; 1782:229-38. [PMID: 18206986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Measures in autopsied brains from Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients reveal a decrease in the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) and an increase in malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity. The present experiments tested whether both changes could be caused by the common oxidant H(2)O(2) and to probe the mechanism underlying these changes. Since the response to H(2)O(2) is modified by the level of the E2k subunit of KGDHC, the interaction of MDH and KGDHC was studied in cells with varying levels of E2k. In cells with only 23% of normal E2k protein levels, one-hour treatment with H(2)O(2) decreased KGDHC and increased MDH activity as well as the mRNA level for both cytosolic and mitochondrial MDH. The increase in MDH did not occur in cells with 100% or 46% of normal E2k. Longer treatments with H(2)O(2) inhibited the activity of both enzymes. Glutathione is a major regulator of cellular redox state and can modify enzyme activities. H(2)O(2) converts reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), which reacts with protein thiols. Treatment of purified KGDHC with GSSG leads to glutathionylation of all three KGDHC subunits. Thus, cellular glutathione level was manipulated by two means to determine the effect on KGDHC and MDH activities. Both buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which inhibits glutathione synthesis without altering redox state, and H(2)O(2) diminished glutathione to a similar level after 24 h. However, H(2)O(2), but not BSO, reduced KGDHC and MDH activities, and the reduction was greater in the E2k-23 line. These findings suggest that the E2k may mediate diverse responses of KGDHC and MDH to oxidants. In addition, the differential response of activities to BSO and H(2)O(2) together with the in vitro interaction of KGDHC with GSSG suggests that glutathionylation is one possible mechanism underlying oxidative stress-induced inhibition of the TCA cycle enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Shi
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University/Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, USA
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Shi Q, Karuppagounder SS, Xu H, Pechman D, Chen H, Gibson GE. Responses of the mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex to thiamine deficiency may contribute to regional selective vulnerability. Neurochem Int 2007; 50:921-31. [PMID: 17482317 PMCID: PMC2753422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine-dependent enzymes are diminished in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Thiamine deficiency (TD) reduces the activity of thiamine dependent-enzymes [e.g., the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC)], induces regional selective neurodegeneration and serves as a model of a mild impairment of oxidative metabolism. The current experiments tested whether changes in KGDHC protein subunits (E1k, E2k and E3) or activity or message levels underlie the selective loss of neurons in particular brain regions. Thus, TD-induced changes in these variables in the brain region most vulnerable to TD [the sub-medial thalamic nucleus (SmTN)] were compared to those in a region that is relatively resistant to TD (cortex) at stages of TD when the neuron loss in SmTN is not present, minimal or severe. Impaired motor performance on rotarod was apparent by 8 days of TD (-32%) and was severe by 10 days of TD (-97%). At TD10, the overall KGDHC activity measured by an in situ histochemical staining method declined 52% in SmTN but only 20% in cortex. Reductions in the E2k and E3 mRNA in SmTN occurred as early as TD6 (-28 and -18%, respectively) and were more severe by TD10 (-61 and -66%, respectively). On the other hand, the level of E1k mRNA did not decline in SmTN until TD10 (-48%). In contrast, TD did not alter mRNA levels of the subunits in cortex at late stages. Western blots and immunocytochemistry revealed different aspects of the changes in protein levels. In SmTN, the immunoreactivity of E1k and E3 by Western blotting increased 34 and 40%, respectively, only at TD8. In cortex, the immunoreactivity of the three subunits was not altered. Immunocytochemical staining of brain sections from TD10 mice indicated a reduction in the immunoreactivity of all subunits in SmTN, but not in cortex. These findings demonstrate that the response of the KGDHC activity, mRNA and immunoreactivity of E1k, E2k and E3 to TD is region and time dependent. Loss of KGDHC activity in cortex is likely related to post-translational modification rather than a loss of protein, whereas in SmTN transcriptional and post-translational modifications may account for diminished KGDHC activity. Moreover, the earlier detection in TD induced-changes of the transcripts of KGDHC indicates that transcriptional modification of the two subunits (E2k and E3) of KGDHC may be one of the early events in the cascade leading to selective neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - G. E. Gibson
- Address correspondence to: Gary E. Gibson, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University/Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave., White Plains, New York 10605, USA Tel: 914-597-2291; Fax: 914-597-2757
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Sauer SW, Okun JG, Schwab MA, Crnic LR, Hoffmann GF, Goodman SI, Koeller DM, Kölker S. Bioenergetics in glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: a role for glutaryl-coenzyme A. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:21830-6. [PMID: 15840571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m502845200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase results in an accumulation of glutaryl-CoA, glutaric, and 3-hydroxyglutaric acids. If untreated, most patients suffer an acute encephalopathic crisis and, subsequently, acute striatal damage being precipitated by febrile infectious diseases during a vulnerable period of brain development (age 3 and 36 months). It has been suggested before that some of these organic acids may induce excitotoxic cell damage, however, the relevance of bioenergetic impairment is not yet understood. The major aim of our study was to investigate respiratory chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation in this disease using purified single enzymes and tissue homogenates from Gcdh-deficient and wild-type mice. In purified enzymes, glutaryl-CoA but not glutaric or 3-hydroxyglutaric induced an uncompetitive inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity. Notably, reduced activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity has recently been demonstrated in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. In contrast to alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, no direct inhibition of glutaryl-CoA, glutaric acid, and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid was found in other enzymes tested. In Gcdh-deficient mice, respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid activities remained widely unaffected, virtually excluding regulatory changes in these enzymes. However, hepatic activity of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase was decreased and concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines increased in the bile of these mice, which suggested disturbed oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that bioenergetic impairment may play an important role in the pathomechanisms underlying neurodegenerative changes in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven W Sauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 150, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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