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Levada K, Guldiken N, Zhang X, Vella G, Mo FR, James LP, Haybaeck J, Kessler SM, Kiemer AK, Ott T, Hartmann D, Hüser N, Ziol M, Trautwein C, Strnad P. Hsp72 protects against liver injury via attenuation of hepatocellular death, oxidative stress, and JNK signaling. J Hepatol 2018; 68:996-1005. [PMID: 29331340 PMCID: PMC9252261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Heat shock protein (Hsp) 72 is a molecular chaperone that has broad cytoprotective functions and is upregulated in response to stress. To determine its hepatic functions, we studied its expression in human liver disorders and its biological significance in newly generated transgenic animals. METHODS Double transgenic mice overexpressing Hsp72 (gene Hspa1a) under the control of a tissue-specific tetracycline-inducible system (Hsp72-LAP mice) were produced. Acute liver injury was induced by a single injection of acetaminophen (APAP). Feeding with either a methionine choline-deficient (MCD; 8 weeks) or a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-supplemented diet (DDC; 12 weeks) was used to induce lipotoxic injury and Mallory-Denk body (MDB) formation, respectively. Primary hepatocytes were treated with palmitic acid. RESULTS Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic hepatitis C infection displayed elevated HSP72 levels. These levels increased with the extent of hepatic inflammation and HSP72 expression was induced after treatment with either interleukin (IL)-1β or IL-6. Hsp72-LAP mice exhibited robust, hepatocyte-specific Hsp72 overexpression. Primary hepatocytes from these animals were more resistant to isolation-induced stress and Hsp72-LAP mice displayed lower levels of hepatic injury in vivo. Mice overexpressing Hsp72 had fewer APAP protein adducts and were protected from oxidative stress and APAP-/MCD-induced cell death. Hsp72-LAP mice and/or hepatocytes displayed significantly attenuated Jnk activation. Overexpression of Hsp72 did not affect steatosis or the extent of MDB formation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that HSP72 induction occurs in human liver disease, thus, HSP72 represents an attractive therapeutic target owing to its broad hepatoprotective functions. LAY SUMMARY HSP72 constitutes a stress-inducible, protective protein. Our data demonstrate that it is upregulated in patients with chronic hepatitis C and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Moreover, Hsp72-overexpressing mice are protected from various forms of liver stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Levada
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Center for Functionalized Magnetic Materials (FunMagMa), Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Nurdan Guldiken
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiaoji Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Giovanna Vella
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Fa-Rong Mo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura P James
- Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, USA
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja M Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Ott
- Core Facility Transgenic Animals, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianne Ziol
- Pathology Department, GH Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, Bondy, France; University Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Centre de Ressources Biologiques - Hôpital Jean Verdier, GH Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, Bondy, France
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
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Gu L, Wu Y, Hu S, Chen Q, Tan J, Yan Y, Liang B, Tang N. Analysis of Association between MAP2K4 Gene Polymorphism rs3826392 and IL-1b Serum Level in Southern Chinese Han Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:1096-1101. [PMID: 26856463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MAP2K4) gene acts as the direct upstream activator of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway, which plays an important role in regulating neuron survival and apoptosis in response to cerebral ischemia. However, the association between MAP2K4 gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke (IS) has not yet been published. Therefore, this study investigates the association between MAP2K4 gene polymorphism rs3826392 and IS susceptibility, as well as its quantitative traits in Southern Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 816 Chinese patients with IS and 816 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Rs3826392 was genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA). The mRNA expression of MAP2K4 gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The levels of serum cytokines, including IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Significant association was not observed between MAP2K4 gene polymorphism rs3826392 and IS susceptibility in all genetic models (P > .05). A significant difference was found in IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α serum levels between patients with IS and control groups. MAP2K4 gene polymorphism rs3826392 C/A genotype carriers showed significantly higher IL-1b serum levels compared with AA genotype carriers (P = .029) in patients with IS. CONCLUSION MAP2K4 gene polymorphism rs3826392 did not contribute to IS susceptibility, but rs3826392 C/A genotype carriers showed significantly higher IL-1b serum levels. This result suggests that rs3826392 may play a potential role in the IS inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Gu
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanli Wu
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuyan Hu
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinjing Tan
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Baoyun Liang
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nong Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Sturchler E, Feurstein D, Chen W, McDonald P, Duckett D. Stress-induced nuclear import of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is mediated by karyopherin α2/β1 heterodimer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:583-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yu CZ, Li C, Pei DS, Zong YY, Shi Q, Wen XR, Guan QH, Hang D, Hou XY, Zhang GY. Neuroprotection against transient focal cerebral ischemia and oxygen-glucose deprivation by interference with GluR6-PSD95 protein interaction. Neurochem Res 2009; 34:2008-21. [PMID: 19449206 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-9990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that KA receptor subunit GluR6 mediated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) signaling is involved in global ischemia injury. Our present study indicates that focal ischemic brain insult on rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACo) model enhances the assembly of the GluR6-PSD95-MLK3 module and facilitates the phosphorylation of JNK. Most importantly, a peptide containing the TAT protein transduction sequence, Tat-GluR6-9c, can perturb the assembly of the GluR6-PSD95-MLK3 signaling module and suppress the activation of MLK3, MKK7/4 and JNK. As result, the inhibition of JNK activation caused by Tat-GluR6-9c diminishes the phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun, down-regulates FasL expression and attenuates bax translocation, release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, MCAo induced infract volume is reduced by intracerebroventricular injection of Tat-Glur6-9c. Oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) cultured cortical neuronal cell also shows an improved cell viability by application of Tat-GluR6-9c. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that GluR6-PSD95-MLK3 signaling module mediated activation of nuclear and non-nuclear pathways of JNK activation are involved in focal ischemia injury and OGD. Tat-GluR6-9c, the peptide we constructed, gives a new insight into the therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zhou Yu
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Wild-type LRRK2 but not its mutant attenuates stress-induced cell death via ERK pathway. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 32:116-24. [PMID: 18675914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a recently identified gene that, when mutated at specific locations, results in the onset of parkinsonian symptoms with clinical features indistinguishable from idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Based on structural and domain analysis, LRRK2 is predicted to function as a stress-responsive protein scaffold mediating the regulation of mitogen activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Consistent with this notion, our results supported the notion that expression of wild-type LRRK2 but not Y1699C or G2019S mutants enhanced the tolerance of HEK293 and SH-SY5Y cells towards H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress. This increase in stress tolerance was dependent on the presence of the kinase domain of the LRRK2 gene and manifested through the activation of the ERK pathway. Collectively, our results indicated that cells expressing LRRK2 mutants suffer a loss of protection normally derived from wild-type LRRK2, making them more vulnerable to oxidative stress.
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Mihailova A, Karaszewski B, Faergestad EM, Hauser R, Nyka WM, Lundanes E, Greibrokk T. Two-dimensional LC-MS/MS in detection of peptides in hypothalamus of the rat subjected to hypoxic stress. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:468-79. [PMID: 18210376 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A capillary 2-D LC method coupled with IT MS has been used for separation and identification of peptides in rat hypothalamus. Animals of two different age groups (8 and 50 wk) were exposed to two different rates of CO(2 )in inhaled air to investigate the influence of different hypoxia/hypercapnia levels and their stress-related factor on the peptide excretion. Peptide compounds were fractionated (strong cation exchange chromatography), trapped, and separated (RP chromatography), and MS/MS mass spectra were used for identification. About 107 peptide compounds were identified and 88 of them were semiquantified. Among the characterized peptides, there were fragments from proteins such as proenkephalin A, proSAAS, prosomatostatin, prooxytocin, vasopressin, etc. Explorative principal component analysis (PCA) combined with hypothesis testing was applied to the obtained data to investigate the impact of age and hypoxic stress factors on the peptide pattern. Twenty-six peptides revealed significant differences in concentrations between the animal groups influenced by age and influx rate.
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Xu J, Li C, Yin XH, Zhang GY. Additive neuroprotection of GABA A and GABA B receptor agonists in cerebral ischemic injury via PI-3K/Akt pathway inhibiting the ASK1-JNK cascade. Neuropharmacology 2008; 54:1029-40. [PMID: 18410948 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Co-activation of GABA A and GABA B receptors results in neuroprotection during in vitro ischemia. However, it is unclear whether this mode of action is responsible for its neuroprotective effects in animal models of ischemia in vivo, and the precise mechanisms are also unknown. This study compared the neuroprotective efficacies of muscimol, a GABA A receptor agonist, and a GABA B receptor agonist baclofen in rat brain ischemia. The additive neuroprotection could be obtained in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells prominently when muscimol and baclofen were co-applied. In particular, our study showed that co-activation of GABA A and GABA B receptors could strongly increase Akt activation and inhibit ASK1 activation by phosphorylation of serine 83 of ASK1. PI-3K inhibitor LY294002 reversed the increasing Akt activation and ASK1 (S83) phosphorylation. Moreover, MKK4/MKK7-JNK signaling activation was inhibited during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) by co-treatment of muscimol with baclofen. JNK substrate, Bcl-2 and c-jun phosphorylation were also attenuated. Our results indicated that co-activation of GABA A receptor and GABA B receptor exerted neuroprotective effect via PI-3K/Akt pathway, which could inhibit the ASK1-c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
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Modulation of interleukin-1 transcriptional response by the interaction between VRK2 and the JIP1 scaffold protein. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1660. [PMID: 18286207 PMCID: PMC2243017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular biological responses to specific stimulation are determined by a balance among signaling pathways. Protein interactions are likely to modulate these pathways. Vaccinia-related kinase-2 (VRK2) is a novel human kinase that can modulate different signaling pathways. Principal Findings We report that in vivo, the activity of JIP1-JNK complexes is downregulated by VRK2 in response to interleukin-1β. Also the reduction of endogenous VRK2 with shRNA increases the transcriptional response to IL-1β. The JIP1 scaffold protein assembles three consecutive members of a given MAPK pathway forming signaling complexes and their signal can be modulated by interactions with regulatory proteins that remain to be identified. Knocking-down JIP1 with siRNA resulted in elimination of the AP1 transcriptional response to IL-1β. VRK2, a member of novel Ser-Thr kinase family, is able to stably interact with JIP1, TAK1 and MKK7, but not JNK, and can be isolated forming oligomeric complexes with different proportions of TAK1, MKK7β1 and JNK. JIP1 assembles all these proteins in an oligomeric signalosome. VRK2 binding to the JIP1 signalosome prevents the association of JNK and results in a reduction in its phosphorylation and downregulation of AP1-dependent transcription. Conclusions/Significance This work suggests that the intracellular level of VRK2 protein can modulate the flow through a signaling pathway and alter the response from a receptor that can be distributed by more than one pathway, and thus contribute to the cellular specificity of the response by forming alternative signaling complexes. Furthermore, the effect might be more general and affect other signaling routes assembled on the JIP1 scaffold protein for which a model is proposed.
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Repici M, Centeno C, Tomasi S, Forloni G, Bonny C, Vercelli A, Borsello T. Time-course of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation after cerebral ischemia and effect of D-JNKI1 on c-Jun and caspase-3 activation. Neuroscience 2007; 150:40-9. [PMID: 17900813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in ischemic brain injury. The d-retro-inverso form of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-inhibitor (D-JNKI1), a cell-permeable inhibitor of JNK, powerfully reduces neuronal death induced by permanent and transient ischemia, even when administered 6 h after the ischemic insult, offering a clinically relevant window. We investigated the JNK molecular cascade activation in rat cerebral ischemia and the effects of D-JNKI1 on this cascade. c-Jun activation starts after 3 h after ischemia and peaks at 6 h in the ischemic core and in the penumbra at 1 h and at 6 h respectively. The 6 h c-Jun activation peak correlates well with that of P-JNK. We also examined the activation of the two direct JNK activators, MAP kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and MAP kinase kinase 7 (MKK7). MKK4 showed the same time course as JNK in both core and penumbra, reaching peak activation at 6 h. MKK7 did not show any significant increase of phosphorylation in either core or penumbra. D-JNKI1 markedly prevented the increase of P-c-Jun in both core and penumbra and powerfully inhibited caspase-3 activation in the core. These results confirm that targeting the JNK cascade using the TAT cell-penetrating peptide offers a promising therapeutic approach for ischemia, raising hopes for human neuroprotection, and elucidates the molecular pathways leading to and following JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Repici
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de Morphologie, Université de Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 9, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
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Wang R, Zhang QG, Han D, Xu J, Lü Q, Zhang GY. Inhibition of MLK3-MKK4/7-JNK1/2 pathway by Akt1 in exogenous estrogen-induced neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia by a non-genomic mechanism in male rats. J Neurochem 2006; 99:1543-54. [PMID: 17064355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of estrogen in experimental cerebral ischemia. To investigate molecular mechanisms of estrogen neuroprotection in global ischemia, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and Nissel-staining analysis were used. Our results showed that chronic pretreatment with beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (E2) enhanced Akt1 activation and reduced the activation of mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/7 (MKK4/7), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) in the hippocampal CA1 subfield during reperfusion after 15 min of global ischemia. In addition, E2 reduced downstream JNK nuclear and non-nuclear components, c-Jun and Bcl-2 phosphorylation and Fas ligand protein expression induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Administration of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY 294,002 prevented both activation of Akt1 and inhibition of MLK3, MKK4/7 and JNK1/2. The interaction between ERalpha and the p85 subunit of PI3K was also examined. E2 and antiestrogen ICI 182,780 promoted and prevented this interaction, respectively. Furthermore, ICI 182,780 blocked both the activation of Akt1 and the inhibition of MLK3, MKK4/7 and JNK1/2. Photomicrographs of cresyl violet-stained brain sections showed that E2 reduced CA1 neuron loss after 5 days of reperfusion, which was abolished by ICI 182,780 and LY 294,002. Our data indicate that in response to estrogen, ERalpha interacts with PI3K to activate Akt1, which may inhibit the MLK3-MKK4/7-JNK1/2 pathway to protect hippocampal CA1 neurons against global cerebral ischemia in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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Katagiri C, Negishi K, Hibino T. c-JUN N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) but not JNK2 or JNK3 is involved in UV signal transduction in human epidermis. J Dermatol Sci 2006; 43:171-9. [PMID: 16824735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a critical role in UV-induced apoptotic cell death. Although three isoforms are known in mammals, physiological roles of each isoform are still obscure. Furthermore, our recent findings show that serpin squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA1) binds to JNK. OBJECTIVE To determine which isoform is responsible for the UV signal transduction in human epidermis and whether SCCA1 is capable to regulate kinase activity of a specific isoform. METHODS Immunohistochemical localization of each JNK isoform was investigated after UV irradiation in vivo and in vitro. Effect of recombinant SCCA1 on JNK kinase activity was also analyzed. RESULTS Immunostaining for JNK1, 2 and 3 demonstrated marked elevation of JNK1 in spinous to granular cells of UV-irradiated skin, whereas they were expressed weakly in upper epidermis of the sun-protected, buttock skin. In cultured keratinocytes, only JNK1 is translocated into nucleus after UV irradiation. JNK2, which localized in the cytoplasm, or JNK3, which was confined in nucleus, remained in the same compartment after UV irradiation. We confirmed that only JNK1 mRNA was up-regulated after UV irradiation in cultured keratinocytes. In addition, recombinant SCCA1 suppressed kinase activity of JNK1 but did not affect JNK2 or JNK3 kinase activity. CONCLUSION JNK1 is associated with UV signal transduction in human epidermis and SCCA1 is a suppressor of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Katagiri
- Shiseido Life Science Research Center, 2-12-1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8643, Japan
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Zhang QX, Pei DS, Guan QH, Sun YF, Liu XM, Zhang GY. Blockade of the translocation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) signaling attenuates neuronal damage during later ischemia-reperfusion. J Neurochem 2006; 98:170-9. [PMID: 16805806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4), as an upstream activator of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), plays a critical role in response to cellular stresses and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the subcellular localization and activation of MKK4 in response to global cerebral ischemia. Our results indicated that MKK4 had two activation peaks in both the cytosol and the nucleus, and translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus at 30 min and 6 h of reperfusion. We also detected the interaction of JNK-interacting protein 3 (JIP3) and MKK4, which reached a maximum at 6 h of reperfusion. To elucidate the mechanism of translocation and activation, we administered N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant reagent, and a glutamate receptor 6 C-terminus-containing peptide (Tat-GluR6-9c) to rats. The data showed that N-acetylcysteine limited the translocation and activation at 30 min of reperfusion; however, the peptide perturbed the subcellular localization and activation at 6 h of reperfusion, and subsequently provided a protective role against delayed neuronal cell death. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the translocation and activation of MKK4 during early reperfusion are closely associated with reactive oxygen species, whereas, at late reperfusion, MKK4 activation may be involved in brain ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xiu Zhang
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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Wen J, Watanabe K, Ma M, Yamaguchi K, Tachikawa H, Kodama M, Aizawa Y. Edaravone inhibits JNK-c-Jun pathway and restores anti-oxidative defense after ischemia-reperfusion injury in aged rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:713-8. [PMID: 16595905 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Edaravone, a potent antioxidant, is currently being used in the management of acute ischemic stroke in relatively high-aged populations. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have been shown to play important roles in neuronal cell death. We examined the role of MAPK pathways and the effect of treatment with edaravone in the brain after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) model with ischemia for 85 min followed by reperfusion for 45 min in aged rats. Western immunoblotting, immunostaining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), spectrophotometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling (TUNEL) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were performed to evaluate various proteins in the homogenate, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in the tissue sections, protein carbonyl, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), apoptosis and infarct size, respectively. Our results showed that I/R injury resulted in a reduction of GSHPx, but protein carbonyl content and inducible nitric oxide synthase were increased. The activation of JNK and its downstream molecule c-Jun was significantly increased after injury, whereas the activities of p38 MAPK and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 were slightly but not significantly increased. Edaravone (3 mg/kg, i.v.) treatment significantly reduced all of these changes. Our findings suggest that the JNK pathway differentially mediates neuronal injury in aged rats after BCAO, and edaravone treatment significantly reduces the neuronal damage after I/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and the JNK-c-Jun pathway with concomitant inhibition of overall MAPK activity in the brains of aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima, Japan
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Pan J, Pei DS, Yin XH, Hui L, Zhang GY. Involvement of oxidative stress in the rapid Akt1 regulating a JNK scaffold during ischemia in rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2006; 392:47-51. [PMID: 16174550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2005] [Revised: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been well documented that the activation of Akt1 and JNK pathways are involved in the neuronal cell death in cerebral ischemia. In this study, we describe a novel interaction between Akt1 and JNK interacting protein 1 (JIP-1). We first detected the interaction of Akt1 and JIP-1 in hippocampus at various time points of ischemia. In the basal state, JIP-1 bind to Akt1, MLK3 at maximum while JIP-1 binds to JNK3 at minimum. Ischemia stimulus decreased the Akt1-JIP-1 interaction and concomitantly increased association between JIP-1 and JNK3. While MLK3 binding to JIP-1 decreased, similar to Akt1-JIP-1 interaction during ischemia. These results indicated that Akt1 interaction with JIP-1 inhibited JIP-1-mediated potentiation of JNK activity by decreasing JIP-1 binding to specific JNK pathway kinases. Akt1 binding to JIP-1 acts as a regulatory gate preventing JNK activation, which is opened under conditions ischemia injury. Administration of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can obviously affected the level of MLK3, JNK3 and Akt1 binding to JIP-1 and JNK3 activation in the hippocampus at 15min ischemia. The findings suggest that Akt1 regulating JNK scaffold and then regulating JNK activation were closely associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Research Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, PR China
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Zhang QG, Wang RM, Yin XH, Pan J, Xu TL, Zhang GY. Knock-down of POSH expression is neuroprotective through down-regulating activation of the MLK3-MKK4-JNK pathway following cerebral ischaemia in the rat hippocampal CA1 subfield. J Neurochem 2005; 95:784-95. [PMID: 16248889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression and subcellular localization of the multidomain protein POSH (plenty of SH3s) by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, as well as its role in the selective activation of mixed-lineage kinases (MLKs) 3, MAP kinase kinase (MKK) 4, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and the c-Jun signalling cascade in the rat hippocampal CA1 region following cerebral ischaemia. Our results indicated that the cytosol immunoreactivity of POSH was strong in the CA1-CA3 pyramidal cell but weak in the DG granule cell of the rat hippocampus both in sham control and after reperfusion. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the interactions of MLK3, MKK4 and phospho-JNKs with POSH were persistently enhanced during the early (30 min) and the later reperfusion period (from 1 to 3 days) compared with sham controls. Consistently, MLK3-MKK4-JNK activation was rapidly increased with peaks both at 30 min and 3 days of reperfusion. Intracerebroventricular infusion of POSH antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) not only significantly reduced the protein level of POSH, markedly decreased its interactions with MLK3, MKK4 and phospho-JNKs, but also attenuated the activation of the JNK signalling pathway. In addition, infusion of POSH AS-ODNs significantly increased the neuronal density in the CA1 region at 5 days of reperfusion. Our results suggest that POSH might serve as a scaffold mediating JNK signalling activation in the hippocampal CA1 region following cerebral ischaemia, and POSH AS-ODNs exerts its protective effects on ischaemic injury through a mechanism of inhibition of the MLK3-MKK4-JNK signalling pathway, involving c-Jun and caspase 3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Guang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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