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Abu-Hashem AA, Hakami O, El-Shazly M, El-Nashar HAS, Yousif MNM. Caffeine and Purine Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review on the Chemistry, Biosynthetic Pathways, Synthesis-Related Reactions, Biomedical Prospectives and Clinical Applications. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400050. [PMID: 38719741 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Caffeine and purine derivatives represent interesting chemical moieties, which show various biological activities. Caffeine is an alkaloid that belongs to the family of methylxanthine alkaloids and it is present in food, beverages, and drugs. Coffee, tea, and some other beverages are a major source of caffeine in the human diet. Caffeine can be extracted from tea or coffee using hot water with dichloromethane or chloroform and the leftover is known as decaffeinated coffee or tea. Caffeine and its derivatives were synthesized via different procedures on small and large scales. It competitively antagonizes the adenosine receptors (ARs), which are G protein-coupled receptors largely distributed in the human body, including the heart, vessels, brain, and kidneys. Recently, many reports showed the effect of caffeine derivatives in the treatment of many diseases such as Alzheimer's, asthma, parkinsonism, and cancer. Also, it is used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hypocholesterolemic agent. The present review article discusses the synthesis, reactivity, and biological and pharmacological properties of caffeine and its derivatives. The biosynthesis and biotransformation of caffeine in coffee and tea leaves and the human body were summarized in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen A Abu-Hashem
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, 45142 and 2097, Jazan, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Hakami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, 45142 and 2097, Jazan, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud N M Yousif
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Yao J, Chen SRW. RyR2-dependent modulation of neuronal hyperactivity: A potential therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer's disease. J Physiol 2024; 602:1509-1518. [PMID: 36866974 DOI: 10.1113/jp283824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that simply reducing β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques may not significantly affect the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is also increasing evidence indicating that AD progression is driven by a vicious cycle of soluble Aβ-induced neuronal hyperactivity. In support of this, it has recently been shown that genetically and pharmacologically limiting ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) open time prevents neuronal hyperactivity, memory impairment, dendritic spine loss and neuronal cell death in AD mouse models. By contrast, increased RyR2 open probability (Po) exacerbates the onset of familial AD-associated neuronal dysfunction and induces AD-like defects in the absence of AD-causing gene mutations. Thus, RyR2-dependent modulation of neuronal hyperactivity represents a promising new target for combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Yao
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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3
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Kaar A, Weir MP, Rae MG. Altered neuronal group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor- and endoplasmic reticulum-mediated Ca 2+ signaling in two rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2024; 823:137664. [PMID: 38309326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Calcium mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induced by, for example, IP3 receptor (IP3R) stimulation, and its subsequent crosstalk with extracellular Ca2+ influx mediated through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and neuronal store-operated calcium entry (nSOCE), is essential for normal neuronal signaling and cellular homeostasis. However, several studies suggest that chronic calcium dysregulation may play a key role in the onset and/or progression of neurodegenerative conditions, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, using early postnatal hippocampal tissue from two transgenic murine models of AD, we provide further evidence that not only are crucial calcium signaling pathways dysregulated, but also that such dysregulation occurs at very early stages of development. Utilizing epifluorescence calcium imaging, we investigated ER-, nSOCE- and VGCC-mediated calcium signaling in cultured primary hippocampal neurons from two transgenic rodent models of AD: 3xTg-AD mice (PS1M146V/APPSWE/TauP301L) and TgF344-AD rats (APPSWE/PS1ΔE9) between 2 and 9 days old. Our results reveal that, in comparison to control hippocampal neurons, those from 3xTg-AD mice possessed significantly greater basal ER calcium levels, as measured by larger responses to I-mGluR-mediated ER Ca2+ mobilization (amplitude; 4 (0-19) vs 21(12-36) a.u., non-Tg vs 3xTg-AD; median difference (95 % Cl) = 14 a.u. (11-18); p = 0.004)) but reduced nSOCE (15 (4-22) vs 8(5-11) a.u., non-Tg vs 3xTg-AD; median difference (95 % Cl) = -7 a.u. (-3- -10 a.u.); p < 0.0001). Furthermore, unlike non-Tg neurons, where depolarization enhanced the amplitude, duration and area under the curve (A.U.C.) of I-mGluR-evoked ER-mediated calcium signals when compared with basal conditions, this was not apparent in 3xTg-AD neurons. Whilst the amplitude of depolarization-enhanced I-mGluR-evoked ER-mediated calcium signals from both non-Tg F344 and TgF344-AD neurons was significantly enhanced relative to basal conditions, the A.U.C. and duration of responses were enhanced significantly upon depolarization in non-Tg F344, but not in TgF344-AD, neurons. Overall, the nature of basal I-mGluR-mediated calcium responses did not differ significantly between non-Tg F344 and TgF344-AD neurons. In summary, our results characterizing ER- and nSOCE-mediated calcium signaling in neurons demonstrate that ER Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is an early and potentially pathogenic event in familial AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Kaar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Megan P Weir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark G Rae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland.
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Kushnireva L, Segal M, Korkotian E. Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons Exposed to the Mitochondrial Uncoupler Carbonyl Cyanide Chlorophenylhydrazone Undergo a Rapid, Presenilin-Dependent Change in Neuronal Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:578. [PMID: 38203751 PMCID: PMC10779238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1) is a transmembrane proteolytic subunit of γ-secretase that cleaves amyloid precursor proteins. Mutations in PS1 (mPS1) are associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). The link between mutated PS1, mitochondrial calcium regulation, and AD has been studied extensively in different test systems. Despite the wide-ranging role of mPS1 in AD, there is a paucity of information on the link between PS1 and neuronal cell death, a hallmark of AD. In the present study, we employed the selective mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and compared the reactivity of mPS1-transfected cultured rat hippocampal neurons with PS1 and control neurons in a situation of impaired mitochondrial functions. CCCP causes a slow rise in cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium in all three groups of neurons, with the mPS1 neurons demonstrating a faster rise. Consequently, mPS1 neurons were depolarized by CCCP and measured with TMRM, a mitochondrial voltage indicator, more than the other two groups. Morphologically, CCCP produced more filopodia in mPS1 neurons than in the other two groups, which were similarly affected by the drug. Finally, mPS1 transfected neurons tended to die from prolonged exposure to CCCP sooner than the other groups, indicating an increase in vulnerability associated with a lower ability to regulate excess cytosolic calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Kushnireva
- Faculty of Biology, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia;
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Menahem Segal
- Department of Brain Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Eduard Korkotian
- Department of Brain Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
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Sethiya NK, Ghiloria N, Srivastav A, Bisht D, Chaudhary SK, Walia V, Alam MS. Therapeutic Potential of Myricetin in the Treatment of Neurological, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:865-882. [PMID: 37461364 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230718105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Myricetin (MC), 3,5,7,3',4',5'-hexahydroxyflavone, chemically belongs to a flavonoid category known to confer antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects. MC is known to suppress the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and inflammatory markers. It has been reported to improve insulin function in the human brain and periphery. Besides this, it modulates several neurochemicals including glutamate, GABA, serotonin, etc. MC has been shown to reduce the expression of the enzyme Mono Amine Oxidase (MAO), which is responsible for the metabolism of monoamines. MC treatment reduces levels of plasma corticosterone and restores hippocampal BDNF (full form) protein in stressed animals. Further, MC has shown its protective effect against amyloid-beta, MPTP, rotenone, 6-OHDA, etc. suggesting its potential role against neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the present review is to highlight the therapeutic potential of MC in the treatment of several neurological, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Ghiloria
- Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Rohini, New Delhi 110085, India
| | | | - Dheeraj Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J.C. Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263002, India
| | | | - Vaibhav Walia
- Department of Pharmacology, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
| | - Md Sabir Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
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Dhureja M, Arthur R, Soni D, Upadhayay S, Temgire P, Kumar P. Calcium channelopathies in neurodegenerative disorder: an untold story of RyR and SERCA. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1159-1172. [PMID: 37971192 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2277863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent neuroscience breakthroughs have shed light on the sophisticated relationship between calcium channelopathies and movement disorders, exposing a previously undiscovered tale focusing on the Ryanodine Receptor (RyR) and the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA). Calcium signaling mainly orchestrates neural communication, which regulates synaptic transmission and total network activity. It has been determined that RyR play a significant role in managing neuronal functions, most notably in releasing intracellular calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum. AREAS COVERED It highlights the involvement of calcium channels such as RyR and SERCA in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. EXPERT OPINION Links between RyR and SERCA activity dysregulation, aberrant calcium levels, motor and cognitive dysfunction have brought attention to the importance of RyR and SERCA modulation in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the obscure function of these proteins will open up new therapeutic possibilities to address the underlying causes of neurodegenerative diseases. The unreported RyR and SERCA narrative broadens the understanding of calcium channelopathies in movement disorders and calls for more research into cutting-edge therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maanvi Dhureja
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Richmond Arthur
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Divya Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Shubham Upadhayay
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Pooja Temgire
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Waigi EW, Webb RC, Moss MA, Uline MJ, McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF. Soluble and insoluble protein aggregates, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and vascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. GeroScience 2023; 45:1411-1438. [PMID: 36823398 PMCID: PMC10400528 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia refers to a particular group of symptoms characterized by difficulties with memory, language, problem-solving, and other thinking skills that affect a person's ability to perform everyday activities. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting about 6.2 million Americans aged 65 years and older. Likewise, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of disability and premature death, impacting 126.9 million adults in the USA, a number that increases with age. Consequently, CVDs and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with an increased risk of AD and cognitive impairment. They share important age-related cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors, that make them among the leading causes of death. Additionally, there are several premises and hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying the association between AD and CVD. Although AD and CVD may be considered deleterious to health, the study of their combination constitutes a clinical challenge, and investigations to understand the mechanistic pathways for the cause-effect and/or shared pathology between these two disease constellations remains an active area of research. AD pathology is propagated by the amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. These peptides give rise to small, toxic, and soluble Aβ oligomers (SPOs) that are nonfibrillar, and it is their levels that show a robust correlation with the extent of cognitive impairment. This review will elucidate the interplay between the effects of accumulating SPOs in AD and CVDs, the resulting ER stress response, and their role in vascular dysfunction. We will also address the potential underlying mechanisms, including the possibility that SPOs are among the causes of vascular injury in CVD associated with cognitive decline. By revealing common mechanistic underpinnings of AD and CVD, we hope that novel experimental therapeutics can be designed to reduce the burden of these devastating diseases. Graphical abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology leads to the release of Aβ peptides, and their accumulation in the peripheral organs has varying effects on various components of the cardiovascular system including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and vascular damage. Image created with BioRender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Waigi
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Melissa A Moss
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mark J Uline
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Camilla Ferreira Wenceslau
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Zhang H, Bezprozvanny I. "Dirty Dancing" of Calcium and Autophagy in Alzheimer's Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051187. [PMID: 37240832 DOI: 10.3390/life13051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. There is a growing body of evidence that dysregulation in neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a major role in the initiation of AD pathogenesis. In particular, it is well established that Ryanodine receptor (RyanR) expression levels are increased in AD neurons and Ca2+ release via RyanRs is augmented in AD neurons. Autophagy is important for removing unnecessary or dysfunctional components and long-lived protein aggregates, and autophagy impairment in AD neurons has been extensively reported. In this review we discuss recent results that suggest a causal link between intracellular Ca2+ signaling and lysosomal/autophagic dysregulation. These new results offer novel mechanistic insight into AD pathogenesis and may potentially lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets for treating AD and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
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Garcia-Casas P, Rossini M, Filadi R, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling and Alzheimer's disease: Too much or too little? Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102757. [PMID: 37192560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by poorly known pathogenic mechanisms and aggravated by delayed therapeutic intervention, that still lacks an effective cure. However, it is clear that some important neurophysiological processes are altered years before the onset of clinical symptoms, offering the possibility of identifying biological targets useful for implementation of new therapies. Of note, evidence has been provided suggesting that mitochondria, pivotal organelles in sustaining neuronal energy demand and modulating synaptic activity, are dysfunctional in AD samples. In particular, alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling have been proposed as causal events for neurodegeneration, although the exact outcomes and molecular mechanisms of these defects, as well as their longitudinal progression, are not always clear. Here, we discuss the importance of a correct mitochondrial Ca2+ handling for neuronal physiology and summarize the latest findings on dysfunctional mitochondrial Ca2+ pathways in AD, analysing possible consequences contributing to the neurodegeneration that characterizes the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Garcia-Casas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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Sun 孙意冉 Y, Yan C, He L, Xiang S, Wang P, Li Z, Chen Y, Zhao J, Yuan Y, Wang W, Zhang X, Su P, Su Y, Ma J, Xu J, Peng Q, Ma H, Xie Z, Zhang Z. Inhibition of ferroptosis through regulating neuronal calcium homeostasis: An emerging therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101899. [PMID: 36871781 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease, generates a serious threat to the health of the elderly. The AD brain is microscopically characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. There are still no effective therapeutic drugs to restrain the progression of AD though much attention has been paid to exploit AD treatments. Ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, has been reported to promote the pathological occurrence and development of AD, and inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis can effectively improve the cognitive impairment of AD. Studies have shown that calcium (Ca2+) dyshomeostasis is closely related to the pathology of AD, and can drive the occurrence of ferroptosis through several pathways, such as interacting with iron, and regulating the crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. This paper mainly reviews the roles of ferroptosis and Ca2+ in the pathology of AD, and highlights that restraining ferroptosis through maintaining the homeostasis of Ca2+ may be an innovative target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Sun 孙意冉
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Chenchen Yan
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Shixie Xiang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuanzhao Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wang Wang
- School of basic medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330052, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pan Su
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yunfang Su
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jinlian Ma
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiangyan Xu
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Quekun Peng
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Huifen Ma
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Zhishen Xie
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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11
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Zhang H, Knight C, Chen SRW, Bezprozvanny I. A Gating Mutation in Ryanodine Receptor Type 2 Rescues Phenotypes of Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models by Upregulating Neuronal Autophagy. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1441-1454. [PMID: 36627208 PMCID: PMC9987572 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1820-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that ryanodine receptors (RyanRs) are overactive in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it has been suggested that inhibition of RyanR is potentially beneficial for AD treatment. In the present study, we explored a potential connection between basal RyanR activity and autophagy in neurons. Autophagy plays an important role in clearing damaged organelles and long-lived protein aggregates, and autophagy dysregulation occurs in both AD patients and AD animal models. Autophagy is known to be regulated by intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signals, and our results indicated that basal RyanR2 activity in hippocampal neurons inhibited autophagy through activation of calcineurin and the resulting inhibition of the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)-ULK1 (unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1) pathway. Thus, we hypothesized that increased basal RyanR2 activity in AD may lead to the inhibition of neuronal autophagy and accumulation of β-amyloid. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of the RyanR2-E4872Q knock-in mouse model (EQ) in which basal RyanR2 activity is reduced because of shortened channel open time. We discovered that crossing EQ mice with the APPKI and APPPS1 mouse models of AD (both males and females) rescued amyloid accumulation and LTP impairment in these mice. Our results revealed that reduced basal activity of RyanR2-EQ channels disinhibited the autophagic pathway and led to increased amyloid clearance in these models. These data indicated a potential pathogenic outcome of RyanR2 overactivation in AD and also provided additional targets for therapeutic intervention in AD. Basal activity of ryanodine receptors controls neuronal autophagy and contributes to development of the AD phenotype.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is well established that neuronal autophagy is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our results suggest that supranormal calcium (Ca2+) release from endoplasmic reticulum contributes to the inhibition of autophagy in AD and that reduction in basal activity of type 2 ryanodine receptors disinhibits the neuronal autophagic pathway and leads to increased amyloid clearance in AD models. Our findings directly link neuronal Ca2+ dysregulation with autophagy dysfunction in AD and point to additional targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Caitlynn Knight
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical Universty, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
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12
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The STIM1/2-Regulated Calcium Homeostasis Is Impaired in Hippocampal Neurons of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314810. [PMID: 36499137 PMCID: PMC9738900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia. Neuronal calcium homeostasis impairment may contribute to AD. Here we demonstrated that voltage-gated calcium (VGC) entry and store-operated calcium (SOC) entry regulated by calcium sensors of intracellular calcium stores STIM proteins are affected in hippocampal neurons of the 5xFAD transgenic mouse model. We observed excessive SOC entry in 5xFAD mouse neurons, mediated by STIM1 and STIM2 proteins with increased STIM1 contribution. There were no significant changes in cytoplasmic calcium level, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bulk calcium levels, or expression levels of STIM1 or STIM2 proteins. The potent inhibitor BTP-2 and the FDA-approved drug leflunomide reduced SOC entry in 5xFAD neurons. In turn, excessive voltage-gated calcium entry was sensitive to the inhibitor of L-type calcium channels nifedipine but not to the T-type channels inhibitor ML218. Interestingly, the depolarization-induced calcium entry mediated by VGC channels in 5xFAD neurons was dependent on STIM2 but not STIM1 protein in cells with replete Ca2+ stores. The result gives new evidence on the VGC channel modulation by STIM2. Overall, the data demonstrate the changes in calcium signaling of hippocampal neurons of the AD mouse model, which precede amyloid plaque accumulation or other signs of pathology manifestation.
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13
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Yao J, Chen SRW. R-carvedilol, a potential new therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1062495. [PMID: 36532759 PMCID: PMC9756136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1062495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, the amyloid cascade hypothesis has been the leading hypothesis in studying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and drug development. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that simply removing amyloid plaques may not significantly affect AD progression. Alternatively, it has been proposed that AD progression is driven by increased neuronal excitability. Consistent with this alternative hypothesis, recent studies showed that pharmacologically limiting ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) open time with the R-carvedilol enantiomer prevented and reversed neuronal hyperactivity, memory impairment, and neuron loss in AD mouse models without affecting the accumulation of ß-amyloid (Aβ). These data indicate that R-carvedilol could be a potential new therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Jinjing Yao, ; S. R. Wayne Chen,
| | - S. R. Wayne Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Jinjing Yao, ; S. R. Wayne Chen,
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14
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Yao J, Liu Y, Sun B, Zhan X, Estillore JP, Turner RW, Chen SRW. Increased RyR2 open probability induces neuronal hyperactivity and memory loss with or without Alzheimer's disease-causing gene mutations. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2088-2098. [PMID: 34985200 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuronal hyperactivity is an early neuronal defect commonly observed in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. METHODS We employed a ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) mutant mouse model harboring the R4496C+/- mutation that markedly increases the channel's open probability (Po) to determine the impact of increased RyR2 activity in neuronal function without AD gene mutations. RESULTS Genetically increasing RyR2 Po induced neuronal hyperactivity in vivo in anesthetized and awake mice. Increased RyR2 Po induced hyperactive behaviors, impaired learning and memory, defective dendritic spines, and neuronal cell death. Increased RyR2 Po exacerbated the onset of neuronal hyperexcitability and learning and memory impairments in 5xFAD mice. DISCUSSION Increased RyR2 Po exacerbates the onset of familial AD-associated neuronal dysfunction, and induces AD-like defects in the absence of AD-causing gene mutations, suggesting that RyR2-associated neuronal hyperactivity represents a common target for combating AD with or without AD gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Yao
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yajing Liu
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Paul Estillore
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ray W Turner
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Callens M, Loncke J, Bultynck G. Dysregulated Ca 2+ Homeostasis as a Central Theme in Neurodegeneration: Lessons from Alzheimer's Disease and Wolfram Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121963. [PMID: 35741091 PMCID: PMC9221778 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) operate as important messengers in the cell, indispensable for signaling the underlying numerous cellular processes in all of the cell types in the human body. In neurons, Ca2+ signaling is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission and for the processes of learning and memory formation. Hence, the dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis results in a broad range of disorders, including cancer and neurodegeneration. A major source for intracellular Ca2+ is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which has close contacts with other organelles, including mitochondria. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of Ca2+ signaling at the ER–mitochondrial interface in two different neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease and Wolfram syndrome. Both of these diseases share some common hallmarks in the early stages, including alterations in the ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This indicates that similar mechanisms may underly these two disease pathologies and suggests that both research topics might benefit from complementary research.
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16
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Schreiner TG, Popescu BO. Impact of Caffeine on Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis—Protective or Risk Factor? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030330. [PMID: 35330081 PMCID: PMC8952218 DOI: 10.3390/life12030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common dementia worldwide, remains without an effective treatment to this day despite intensive research conducted during the last decades. In this context, researchers have turned their attention towards the prevention of this pathology, focusing on early detection and better control of the most important risk factors, concomitantly with trying to find potentially protective factors that may delay the onset of AD. From the multitude of factors studied, coffee (especially its main component, caffeine) is a current interesting research topic, taking into consideration the contradictory results of recent years’ studies. On the one hand, much of the evidence from fundamental research suggests the potentially protective trait of caffeine in AD, while other data mainly from human studies lean toward no correlation or even suggesting that caffeine is a veritable risk factor for dementia. Given the methodological heterogeneity of the studies, this review aims to bring new evidence regarding this topic and to try to clearly establish a correlation between the two entities. Thus, in the first part, the authors make a clear distinction between the effects of coffee and the effects of caffeine in AD, presenting a rich basis of clinical trials on both animal models and the human subject. Subsequently, the main pathophysiological mechanisms that would explain the action of caffeine in the etiopathogenesis of AD are reviewed. Finally, the role of computational models is presented, having beneficial impact on both better understanding of the disease mechanism and the development of new therapeutic approaches for AD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 21-23 Professor Dimitrie Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Neurology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Li S, Zhao F, Tang Q, Xi C, He J, Wang Y, Zhu MX, Cao Z. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase 2b mediates oxidation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress to regulate neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2016-2036. [PMID: 34811737 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuropathic pain is a widespread health problem with limited curative treatment. Decreased sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) expression has been reported in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of animals suffering from neuropathic pain. We aimed to establish the relationship between SERCA expression and the pain responses and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Neuropathic pain was modeled using rat chronic constriction injury (CCI). Ca2+ imaging and current clamp patch-clamp were used to determine cytosolic Ca2+ levels and action potential firing, respectively. Western blots, immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR were used to quantitatively assess protein and mRNA expression, respectively. H&E staining and coupled enzyme assay were used to evaluate the nerve injury and SERCA2b activity, respectively. KEY RESULTS SERCA2b is the predominant SERCA isoform in rat DRG and its expression is decreased after CCI at mRNA, protein and activity levels. Whereas inhibiting SERCA with thapsigargin causes neuronal hyperexcitation, nerve injury, ER stress, satellite glial cell activation and mechanical allodynia, activating SERCA by CDN1163 or overexpressing SERCA2b in DRG after CCI produces long-term relief of mechanical and thermal allodynia with accompanied morphological and functional restoration through alleviation of ER stress. Furthermore, the downregulation of DRG SERCA2b in CCI rats is caused by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Sp1-dependent transcriptional inhibition. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings reveal a novel pathway centering around SERCA2b as the key molecule underlying the mechanism of development and maintenance of neuropathic pain, and SERCA2b activators have the potential for therapeutic treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinglian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuchu Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Liu Y, Yao J, Song Z, Guo W, Sun B, Wei J, Estillore JP, Back TG, Chen SRW. Limiting RyR2 open time prevents Alzheimer's disease-related deficits in the 3xTG-AD mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2906-2921. [PMID: 34352124 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression is driven by a vicious cycle of soluble β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neuronal hyperactivity. Thus, breaking this vicious cycle by suppressing neuronal hyperactivity may represent a logical approach to stopping AD progression. In support of this, we have recently shown that genetically and pharmacologically limiting ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) open time prevented neuronal hyperactivity, memory impairment, dendritic spine loss, and neuronal cell death in a rapid, early onset AD mouse model (5xFAD). Here, we assessed the impact of limiting RyR2 open time on AD-related deficits in a relatively late occurring, slow developing AD mouse model (3xTG-AD) that bears more resemblance (compared to 5xFAD) to that of human AD. Using behavioral tests, long-term potentiation recordings, and Golgi and Nissl staining, we found that the RyR2-E4872Q mutation, which markedly shortens the open duration of the RyR2 channel, prevented learning and memory impairment, defective long-term potentiation, dendritic spine loss, and neuronal cell death in the 3xTG-AD mice. Furthermore, pharmacologically shortening the RyR2 open time with R-carvedilol rescued these AD-related deficits in 3xTG mice. Therefore, limiting RyR2 open time may offer a promising, neuronal hyperactivity-targeted anti-AD strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinjing Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zhenpeng Song
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Wenting Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John Paul Estillore
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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19
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Chami M, Checler F. Targeting Post-Translational Remodeling of Ryanodine Receptor: A New Track for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy? Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:313-323. [PMID: 32096743 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200225102941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic calcium (Ca2+) signaling linked to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) involves the intracellular Ca2+ release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyRs). RyRs are macromolecular complexes where the protein-protein interactions between RyRs and several regulatory proteins impact the channel function. Pharmacological and genetic approaches link the destabilization of RyRs macromolecular complexes to several human pathologies including brain disorders. In this review, we discuss our recent data, which demonstrated that enhanced neuronal RyR2-mediated Ca2+ leak in AD is associated with posttranslational modifications (hyperphosphorylation, oxidation, and nitrosylation) leading to RyR2 macromolecular complex remodeling, and dissociation of the stabilizing protein Calstabin2 from the channel. We describe RyR macromolecular complex structure and discuss the molecular mechanisms and signaling cascade underlying neuronal RyR2 remodeling in AD. We provide evidence linking RyR2 dysfunction with β-adrenergic signaling cascade that is altered in AD. RyR2 remodeling in AD leads to histopathological lesions, alteration of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory deficits. Targeting RyR macromolecular complex remodeling should be considered as a new therapeutic window to treat/or prevent AD setting and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Chami
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France.,CNRS, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France.,CNRS, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
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20
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Yao J, Sun B, Institoris A, Zhan X, Guo W, Song Z, Liu Y, Hiess F, Boyce AKJ, Ni M, Wang R, Ter Keurs H, Back TG, Fill M, Thompson RJ, Turner RW, Gordon GR, Chen SRW. Limiting RyR2 Open Time Prevents Alzheimer's Disease-Related Neuronal Hyperactivity and Memory Loss but Not β-Amyloid Accumulation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108169. [PMID: 32966798 PMCID: PMC7532726 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hyperactivity is an early primary dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in humans and animal models, but effective neuronal hyperactivity-directed anti-AD therapeutic agents are lacking. Here we define a previously unknown mode of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) control of neuronal hyperactivity and AD progression. We show that a single RyR2 point mutation, E4872Q, which reduces RyR2 open time, prevents hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, memory impairment, neuronal cell death, and dendritic spine loss in a severe early-onset AD mouse model (5xFAD). The RyR2-E4872Q mutation upregulates hippocampal CA1-pyramidal cell A-type K+ current, a well-known neuronal excitability control that is downregulated in AD. Pharmacologically limiting RyR2 open time with the R-carvedilol enantiomer (but not racemic carvedilol) prevents and rescues neuronal hyperactivity, memory impairment, and neuron loss even in late stages of AD. These AD-related deficits are prevented even with continued β-amyloid accumulation. Thus, limiting RyR2 open time may be a hyperactivity-directed, non-β-amyloid-targeted anti-AD strategy. Yao et al. show that genetically or pharmacologically limiting the open duration of ryanodine receptor 2 upregulates the A-type potassium current and prevents neuronal hyperexcitability and hyperactivity, memory impairment, neuronal cell death, and dendritic spine loss in a severe early-onset Alzheimer’s disease mouse model, even with continued accumulation of β-amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Yao
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Bo Sun
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Adam Institoris
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Xiaoqin Zhan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Wenting Guo
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zhenpeng Song
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yajing Liu
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Florian Hiess
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Andrew K J Boyce
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mingke Ni
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Henk Ter Keurs
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michael Fill
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Roger J Thompson
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ray W Turner
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Grant R Gordon
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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21
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Kim D, Yang J, Gu F, Park S, Combs J, Adams A, Mayes HB, Jeon SJ, Bahk JD, Nielsen E. A temperature-sensitive FERONIA mutant allele that alters root hair growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:405-423. [PMID: 33721904 PMCID: PMC8133571 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In plants, root hairs undergo a highly polarized form of cell expansion called tip-growth, in which cell wall deposition is restricted to the root hair apex. In order to identify essential cellular components that might have been missed in earlier genetic screens, we identified conditional temperature-sensitive (ts) root hair mutants by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we describe one of these mutants, feronia-temperature sensitive (fer-ts). Mutant fer-ts seedlings were unaffected at normal temperatures (20°C), but failed to form root hairs at elevated temperatures (30°C). Map based-cloning and whole-genome sequencing revealed that fer-ts resulted from a G41S substitution in the extracellular domain of FERONIA (FER). A functional fluorescent fusion of FER containing the fer-ts mutation localized to plasma membranes, but was subject to enhanced protein turnover at elevated temperatures. While tip-growth was rapidly inhibited by addition of rapid alkalinization factor 1 (RALF1) peptides in both wild-type and fer-ts mutants at normal temperatures, root elongation of fer-ts seedlings was resistant to added RALF1 peptide at elevated temperatures. Additionally, at elevated temperatures fer-ts seedlings displayed altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation upon auxin treatment and phenocopied constitutive fer mutant responses to a variety of plant hormone treatments. Molecular modeling and sequence comparison with other Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1L (CrRLK1L) receptor family members revealed that the mutated glycine in fer-ts is highly conserved, but is not located within the recently characterized RALF23 and LORELI-LIKE-GLYCOPROTEIN 2 binding domains, perhaps suggesting that fer-ts phenotypes may not be directly due to loss of binding to RALF1 peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21plus), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Fangwei Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jonathon Combs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Alexander Adams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Heather B Mayes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Su Jeong Jeon
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21plus), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Dong Bahk
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21plus), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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22
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Potential of Caffeine in Alzheimer's Disease-A Review of Experimental Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020537. [PMID: 33562156 PMCID: PMC7915779 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia leading to progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Considering that pharmacological treatment options for AD are few and not satisfactory, increasing attention is being paid to dietary components that may affect the development of the disease. Such a dietary component may be caffeine contained in coffee, tea or energy drinks. Although epidemiological data suggest that caffeine intake may counteract the development of cognitive impairment, results of those studies are not conclusive. The aim of the present study is to review the existing experimental studies on the efficacy of caffeine against AD and AD-related cognitive impairment, focusing on the proposed protective mechanisms of action. In conclusion, the reports of studies on experimental AD models generally supported the notion that caffeine may exert some beneficial effects in AD. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of caffeine in the effects of its sources on cognition and possibly AD risk.
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Ryan KC, Ashkavand Z, Norman KR. The Role of Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis in Alzheimer's and Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239153. [PMID: 33271784 PMCID: PMC7730848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is essential for neuronal function, and its dysregulation has been implicated across neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A close reciprocal relationship exists between calcium signaling and mitochondrial function. Growing evidence in a variety of AD models indicates that calcium dyshomeostasis drastically alters mitochondrial activity which, in turn, drives neurodegeneration. This review discusses the potential pathogenic mechanisms by which calcium impairs mitochondrial function in AD, focusing on the impact of calcium in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondrial communication, mitochondrial transport, oxidative stress, and protein homeostasis. This review also summarizes recent data that highlight the need for exploring the mechanisms underlying calcium-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction while suggesting potential targets for modulating mitochondrial calcium levels to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Chami M, Checler F. Alterations of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Calcium Signaling Molecular Components in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122577. [PMID: 33271984 PMCID: PMC7760721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained imbalance in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) entry and clearance alters cellular integrity, ultimately leading to cellular homeostasis disequilibrium and cell death. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Beside the major pathological features associated with AD-linked toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), several studies suggested the contribution of altered Ca2+ handling in AD development. These studies documented physical or functional interactions of Aβ with several Ca2+ handling proteins located either at the plasma membrane or in intracellular organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), considered the major intracellular Ca2+ pool. In this review, we describe the cellular components of ER Ca2+ dysregulations likely responsible for AD. These include alterations of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors’ (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors’ (RyRs) expression and function, dysfunction of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity and upregulation of its truncated isoform (S1T), as well as presenilin (PS1, PS2)-mediated ER Ca2+ leak/ER Ca2+ release potentiation. Finally, we highlight the functional consequences of alterations of these ER Ca2+ components in AD pathology and unravel the potential benefit of targeting ER Ca2+ homeostasis as a tool to alleviate AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Chami
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4939-53457; Fax: +33-4939-53408
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Pizzo P, Basso E, Filadi R, Greotti E, Leparulo A, Pendin D, Redolfi N, Rossini M, Vajente N, Pozzan T, Fasolato C. Presenilin-2 and Calcium Handling: Molecules, Organelles, Cells and Brain Networks. Cells 2020; 9:E2166. [PMID: 32992716 PMCID: PMC7601421 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-2 (PS2) is one of the three proteins that are dominantly mutated in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). It forms the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex-a function shared with its homolog presenilin-1 (PS1)-the enzyme ultimately responsible of amyloid-β (Aβ) formation. Besides its enzymatic activity, PS2 is a multifunctional protein, being specifically involved, independently of γ-secretase activity, in the modulation of several cellular processes, such as Ca2+ signalling, mitochondrial function, inter-organelle communication, and autophagy. As for the former, evidence has accumulated that supports the involvement of PS2 at different levels, ranging from organelle Ca2+ handling to Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane channels. Thus FAD-linked PS2 mutations impact on multiple aspects of cell and tissue physiology, including bioenergetics and brain network excitability. In this contribution, we summarize the main findings on PS2, primarily as a modulator of Ca2+ homeostasis, with particular emphasis on the role of its mutations in the pathogenesis of FAD. Identification of cell pathways and molecules that are specifically targeted by PS2 mutants, as well as of common targets shared with PS1 mutants, will be fundamental to disentangle the complexity of memory loss and brain degeneration that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Emy Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leparulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Diana Pendin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Nicola Vajente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus 2B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Fasolato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
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Synaptopodin Deficiency Ameliorates Symptoms in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3983-3992. [PMID: 30872324 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2920-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption in calcium homeostasis is linked to several pathologies and is suggested to play a pivotal role in the cascade of events leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptopodin (SP) residing in dendritic spines has been associated with ryanodine receptor (RyR), such that spines lacking SP release less calcium from stores. In this work, we mated SPKO with 3xTg mice (3xTg/SPKO) to test the effect of SP deficiency in the AD mouse. We found that 6-month-old male 3xTg/SPKO mice restored normal spatial learning in the Barns maze, LTP in hippocampal slices, and expression levels of RyR in the hippocampus that were altered in the 3xTg mice. In addition, there was a marked reduction in 3xTg-associated phosphorylated tau, amyloid β plaques, and activated microglia in 3xTg/SPKO male and female mice. These experiments indicate that a reduction in the expression of SP ameliorates AD-associated phenotype in 3xTg mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study strengthens the proposed role of calcium stores in the development of AD-associated phenotype in the 3xTg mouse model, in that a genetic reduction of the functioning of ryanodine receptors using synaptopodin-knock-out mice ameliorates AD symptoms at the behavioral, electrophysiological, and morphological levels of analysis.
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Colombo R, Papetti A. An outlook on the role of decaffeinated coffee in neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:760-779. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1550384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adele Papetti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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28
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Sarasija S, Norman KR. Role of Presenilin in Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7090111. [PMID: 30149498 PMCID: PMC6162450 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7090111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are poised to become a global health crisis, and therefore understanding the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies. Mutations in genes encoding presenilin (PSEN) occur in most familial Alzheimer’s disease but the role of PSEN in AD is not fully understood. In this review, the potential modes of pathogenesis of AD are discussed, focusing on calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Moreover, research using Caenorhabditis elegans to explore the effects of calcium dysregulation due to presenilin mutations on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaarika Sarasija
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Norman
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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29
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Nguyen RL, Medvedeva YV, Ayyagari TE, Schmunk G, Gargus JJ. Intracellular calcium dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder: An analysis of converging organelle signaling pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1718-1732. [PMID: 30992134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex, neurological disorders that affect early cognitive, social, and verbal development. Our understanding of ASD has vastly improved with advances in genomic sequencing technology and genetic models that have identified >800 loci with variants that increase susceptibility to ASD. Although these findings have confirmed its high heritability, the underlying mechanisms by which these genes produce the ASD phenotypes have not been defined. Current efforts have begun to "functionalize" many of these variants and envisage how these susceptibility factors converge at key biochemical and biophysical pathways. In this review, we discuss recent work on intracellular calcium signaling in ASD, including our own work, which begins to suggest it as a compelling candidate mechanism in the pathophysiology of autism and a potential therapeutic target. We consider how known variants in the calcium signaling genomic architecture of ASD may exert their deleterious effects along pathways particularly involving organelle dysfunction including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a major calcium store, and the mitochondria, a major calcium ion buffer, and theorize how many of these pathways intersect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Center for Autism Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yuliya V Medvedeva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Center for Autism Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tejasvi E Ayyagari
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Center for Autism Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Galina Schmunk
- UCI Center for Autism Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - John Jay Gargus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Center for Autism Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Human Genetics and Genomics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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30
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Sarasija S, Laboy JT, Ashkavand Z, Bonner J, Tang Y, Norman KR. Presenilin mutations deregulate mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis and metabolic activity causing neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2018; 7:33052. [PMID: 29989545 PMCID: PMC6075864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent metabolic deregulation is observed in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Mutations in the presenilin (PSEN) encoding genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) cause most cases of familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that mutations in the C. elegans gene encoding a PSEN homolog, sel-12 result in mitochondrial metabolic defects that promote neurodegeneration as a result of oxidative stress. In sel-12 mutants, elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling leads to an increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ content which stimulates mitochondrial respiration resulting in an increase in mitochondrial superoxide production. By reducing ER Ca2+ release, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake or mitochondrial superoxides in sel-12 mutants, we demonstrate rescue of the mitochondrial metabolic defects and prevent neurodegeneration. These data suggest that mutations in PSEN alter mitochondrial metabolic function via ER to mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and provide insight for alternative targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. A hallmark of this condition is progressive loss of memory, accompanied by a buildup of hard clumps of protein between the brain cells. These protein clumps, known as amyloid plaques, are a key focus of research into Alzheimer's disease. They are likely to be toxic to brain cells, but their role in the development and progression of the disease is not yet known. Though the cause of Alzheimer's disease remains unclear, an inherited form of the disease may hold some clues. Mutations in genes for proteins called presenilins cause an earlier onset form of Alzheimer's disease, in which symptoms can develop in people who are in their 40s or 50s. The presenilin proteins appear in a cell structure called the endoplasmic reticulum, which plays many roles in the normal activities of a cell. Among other things, this structure stores and releases calcium ions, and cells use these ions to send and process many signals. The cell's energy-producing powerhouses, the mitochondria, use calcium to boost their metabolic activity. This allows them to make more energy for the cell, but in the process they also make damaging byproducts. These byproducts include oxygen-containing chemicals, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which react strongly with other molecules. While low levels of ROS are a normal part of cell activity, if the levels get too high, these chemicals can attack and damage structures within the cell. Untangling the effects of amyloid plaques and presenilins on brain cells in humans is challenging. But, a nematode worm called Caenorhabditis elegans does not form plaques, making it possible to look at presenilins on their own. Previous work in these worms has shown that presenilin mutations affect the endoplasmic reticulum and change the appearance of mitochondria. Here, Sarasija et al. extend this work to find out more about the effects presenilin mutations have on living cells. Presenilin mutations in young adult worms increased the amount of calcium released by the endoplasmic reticulum. This increased the activity of the mitochondria and caused ROS levels to rise to damaging levels. This caused stress inside the cells, and the worms started to show early signs damage to their nervous systems. Mutations that decreased the movement of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria helped to prevent the damage. Treating the mitochondria with antioxidants to mop up the extra ROS also protected the cells. This kind of damage to brain cells did not depend on amyloid plaques. Whilst the plaques are likely to be toxic, these new findings highlights the role that other chemical and biological processes might play in Alzheimer's disease. Further work to reveal the underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease may lead to new therapies to treat this condition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaarika Sarasija
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Jocelyn T Laboy
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Zahra Ashkavand
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Jennifer Bonner
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Kenneth R Norman
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
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31
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Ovsepian SV, Blazquez-Llorca L, Freitag SV, Rodrigues EF, Herms J. Ambient Glutamate Promotes Paroxysmal Hyperactivity in Cortical Pyramidal Neurons at Amyloid Plaques via Presynaptic mGluR1 Receptors. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4733-4749. [PMID: 27600841 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunctions and altered neuronal activity play major role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with underlying mechanisms largely unknown. We report that in the prefrontal cortex of amyloid precursor protein-presenilin 1 and APP23 AD mice, baseline activity of pyramidal cells is disrupted by episodes of paroxysmal hyperactivity. Induced by spontaneous EPSC bursts, these incidents are prevalent in neurons proximal to amyloid plaques and involve enhanced activity of glutamate with metabotropic effects. Abolition of EPSC bursts by tetrodotoxin and SERCA ATPase blockers thapsigargin or cyclopiasonic acid suggests their presynaptic origin and sensitized store-released calcium. Accordingly, the rate of EPSC bursts activated by single axon stimulation is enhanced. Aggravation of the hyperactivity by blockers of excitatory amino acid transporter (±)-HIP-A and DL-TBOA together with histochemical and ultrastructural evidence for enrichment of plaque-related dystrophies with synaptic vesicles and SNARE protein SNAP-25 infer the later as hot-spots for ectopic release of glutamate. Inhibition of EPSC bursts by I/II mGluR1 blocker MCPG or selective mGluR1 antagonist LY367385 implicate metabotropic glutamatergic effects in generation of paroxysmal bursts. These findings demonstrate for the first time that at amyloid plaques, enhanced activity of nonsynaptic glutamate can promote irregular EPSC bursts with hyperactivity of pyramidal cells via mGluR1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saak Victor Ovsepian
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lidia Blazquez-Llorca
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Susana Valero Freitag
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Ferreira Rodrigues
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig Maximilian University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig Maximilian University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
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32
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Monteiro J, Alves MG, Oliveira PF, Silva BM. Pharmacological potential of methylxanthines: Retrospective analysis and future expectations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2597-2625. [PMID: 29624433 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1461607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methylated xanthines (methylxanthines) are available from a significant number of different botanical species. They are ordinarily included in daily diet, in many extremely common beverages and foods. Caffeine, theophylline and theobromine are the main methylxanthines available from natural sources. The supposedly relatively low toxicity of methylxanthines, combined with the many beneficial effects that have been attributed to these compounds through time, generated a justified attention and a very prolific ground for dedicated scientific reports. Methylxanthines have been widely used as therapeutical tools, in an intriguing range of medicinal scopes. In fact, methylxanthines have been/were medically used as Central Nervous System stimulants, bronchodilators, coronary dilators, diuretics and anti-cancer adjuvant treatments. Other than these applications, methylxanthines have also been hinted to hold other beneficial health effects, namely regarding neurodegenerative diseases, cardioprotection, diabetes and fertility. However, it seems now consensual that toxicity concerns related to methylxanthine consumption and/or therapeutic use should not be dismissed. Taking all the knowledge and expectations on the potential of methylxanthines into account, we propose a systematic look at the past and future of methylxanthine pharmacologic applications, discussing all the promise and anticipating possible constraints. Anyways, methylxanthines will still substantiate considerable meaningful research and discussion for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Monteiro
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,Institute of Health Research an Innovation (i3S), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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33
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Grillo MA, Grillo SL, Gerdes BC, Kraus JG, Koulen P. Control of Neuronal Ryanodine Receptor-Mediated Calcium Signaling by Calsenilin. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:525-534. [PMID: 29730765 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Calsenilin is a calcium ion (Ca2+)-binding protein involved in regulating the intracellular concentration of Ca2+, a second messenger that controls multiple cellular signaling pathways. The ryanodine receptor (RyR) amplifies Ca2+ signals entering the cytoplasm by releasing Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores, a process termed calcium-induced calcium release (CICR). Here, we describe a novel mechanism, in which calsenilin controls the activity of neuronal RyRs. We show calsenilin co-localized with RyR2 and 3 in the ER of mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons using immunocytochemistry. The underlying protein-protein interaction between calsenilin and the RyR was determined in mouse central nervous system (CNS) neurons using immunoprecipitation studies. The functional relevance of this interaction was assayed with single-channel electrophysiology. At low physiological Ca2+ concentrations, calsenilin binding to the cytoplasmic face of neuronal RyRs decreased the RyR's open probability, while calsenilin increased the open probability at high physiological Ca2+ concentrations. This novel molecular mechanism was studied further at the cellular level, where faster release kinetics of caffeine-induced Ca2+ release were measured in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells overexpressing calsenilin. The interaction between calsenilin and neuronal RyRs reveals a new regulatory mechanism and possibly a novel pharmacological target for the control of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grillo
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Stephanie L Grillo
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Bryan C Gerdes
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jacob G Kraus
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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Oxidation of KCNB1 potassium channels triggers apoptotic integrin signaling in the brain. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2737. [PMID: 28383553 PMCID: PMC5477583 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative modification of the voltage-gated potassium (K+) channel KCNB1 promotes apoptosis in the neurons of cortex and hippocampus through a signaling pathway mediated by Src tyrosine kinases. How oxidation of the channel is transduced into Src recruitment and activation, however, was not known. Here we show that the apoptotic signal originates from integrins, which form macromolecular complexes with KCNB1 channels. The initial stimulus is transduced to Fyn and possibly other Src family members by focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Thus KCNB1 and integrin alpha chain V (integrin-α5) coimmunoprecipitated in the mouse brain and these interactions were retained upon channel's oxidation. Pharmacological inhibition of integrin signaling or FAK suppressed apoptosis induced by oxidation of KCNB1, as well as FAK and Src/Fyn activation. Most importantly, the activation of the integrin-FAK-Src/Fyn cascade was negligible in the presence of non-oxidizable C73A KCNB1 mutant channels, even though they normally interacted with integrin-α5. This leads us to conclude that the transition between the non-oxidized and oxidized state of KCNB1 activates integrin signaling. KCNB1 oxidation may favor integrin clustering, thereby facilitating the recruitment and activation of FAK and Src/Fyn kinases.
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Gibson GE, Thakkar A. Interactions of Mitochondria/Metabolism and Calcium Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Calcinist Point of View. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1636-1648. [PMID: 28181072 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research suggest that alterations in calcium are central to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Highly reproducible changes in calcium dynamics occur in cells from patients with both genetic and non-genetic forms of AD relative to controls. The most robust change is an exaggerated release of calcium from internal stores. Detailed analysis of these changes in animal and cell models of the AD-causing presenilin mutations reveal robust changes in ryanodine receptors, inositol tris-phosphate receptors, calcium leak channels and store activated calcium entry. Similar anomalies in calcium result when AD-like changes in mitochondrial enzymes or oxidative stress are induced experimentally. The calcium abnormalities can be directly linked to the altered tau phosphorylation, amyloid precursor protein processing and synaptic dysfunction that are defining features of AD. A better understanding of these changes is required before using calcium abnormalities as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA.
| | - Ankita Thakkar
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
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36
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Abu-Omar N, Das J, Szeto V, Feng ZP. Neuronal Ryanodine Receptors in Development and Aging. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1183-1192. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Yu W, Parakramaweera R, Teng S, Gowda M, Sharad Y, Thakker-Varia S, Alder J, Sesti F. Oxidation of KCNB1 Potassium Channels Causes Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2016; 36:11084-11096. [PMID: 27798188 PMCID: PMC5098843 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2273-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The delayed rectifier potassium (K+) channel KCNB1 (Kv2.1), which conducts a major somatodendritic current in cortex and hippocampus, is known to undergo oxidation in the brain, but whether this can cause neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment is not known. Here, we used transgenic mice harboring human KCNB1 wild-type (Tg-WT) or a nonoxidable C73A mutant (Tg-C73A) in cortex and hippocampus to determine whether oxidized KCNB1 channels affect brain function. Animals were subjected to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), a condition characterized by extensive oxidative stress. Dasatinib, a Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitor of Src tyrosine kinases, was used to impinge on the proapoptotic signaling pathway activated by oxidized KCNB1 channels. Thus, typical lesions of brain injury, namely, inflammation (astrocytosis), neurodegeneration, and cell death, were markedly reduced in Tg-C73A and dasatinib-treated non-Tg animals. Accordingly, Tg-C73A mice and non-Tg mice treated with dasatinib exhibited improved behavioral outcomes in motor (rotarod) and cognitive (Morris water maze) assays compared to controls. Moreover, the activity of Src kinases, along with oxidative stress, were significantly diminished in Tg-C73A brains. Together, these data demonstrate that oxidation of KCNB1 channels is a contributing mechanism to cellular and behavioral deficits in vertebrates and suggest a new therapeutic approach to TBI. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study provides the first experimental evidence that oxidation of a K+ channel constitutes a mechanism of neuronal and cognitive impairment in vertebrates. Specifically, the interaction of KCNB1 channels with reactive oxygen species plays a major role in the etiology of mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), a condition associated with extensive oxidative stress. In addition, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug ameliorates the outcome of TBI in mouse, by directly impinging on the toxic pathway activated in response to oxidation of the KCNB1 channel. These findings elucidate a basic mechanism of neurotoxicity in vertebrates and might lead to a new therapeutic approach to TBI in humans, which, despite significant efforts, is a condition that remains without effective pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Randika Parakramaweera
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Shavonne Teng
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Manasa Gowda
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Yashsavi Sharad
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Smita Thakker-Varia
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Janet Alder
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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38
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Corpas R, Revilla S, Ursulet S, Castro-Freire M, Kaliman P, Petegnief V, Giménez-Llort L, Sarkis C, Pallàs M, Sanfeliu C. SIRT1 Overexpression in Mouse Hippocampus Induces Cognitive Enhancement Through Proteostatic and Neurotrophic Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5604-5619. [PMID: 27614878 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SIRT1 induces cell survival and has shown neuroprotection against amyloid and tau pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, protective effects against memory loss or the enhancement of cognitive functions have not yet been proven. We aimed to investigate the benefits induced by SIRT1 overexpression in the hippocampus of the AD mouse model 3xTg-AD and in control non-transgenic mice. A lentiviral vector encoding mouse SIRT1 or GFP, selectively transducing neurons, was injected into the dorsal CA1 hippocampal area of 4-month-old mice. Six-month overexpression of SIRT1 fully preserved learning and memory in 10-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. Remarkably, SIRT1 also induced cognitive enhancement in healthy non-transgenic mice. Neuron cultures of 3xTg-AD mice, which show traits of AD-like pathology, and neuron cultures from non-transgenic mice were also transduced with lentiviral vectors to analyze beneficial SIRT1 mechanisms. We uncovered novel pathways of SIRT1 neuroprotection through enhancement of cell proteostatic mechanisms and activation of neurotrophic factors not previously reported such as GDNF, present in both AD-like and healthy neurons. Therefore, SIRT1 may increase neuron function and resilience against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Corpas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB) - CSIC, C/Rosselló 161, 6th floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Revilla
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB) - CSIC, C/Rosselló 161, 6th floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marco Castro-Freire
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Perla Kaliman
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB) - CSIC, C/Rosselló 161, 6th floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valérie Petegnief
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB) - CSIC, C/Rosselló 161, 6th floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Mercè Pallàs
- Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERNED, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB) - CSIC, C/Rosselló 161, 6th floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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39
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Frazier HN, Maimaiti S, Anderson KL, Brewer LD, Gant JC, Porter NM, Thibault O. Calcium's role as nuanced modulator of cellular physiology in the brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:981-987. [PMID: 27553276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscientists studying normal brain aging, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases have focused considerable effort on carefully characterizing intracellular perturbations in calcium dynamics or levels. At the cellular level, calcium is known for controlling life and death and orchestrating most events in between. For many years, intracellular calcium has been recognized as an essential ion associated with nearly all cellular functions from cell growth to degeneration. Often the emphasis is on the negative impact of calcium dysregulation and the typical worse-case-scenario leading inevitably to cell death. However, even high amplitude calcium transients, when executed acutely, can alter neuronal communication and synaptic strength in positive ways, without necessarily killing neurons. Here, we focus on the evidence that calcium has a subtle and distinctive role in shaping and controlling synaptic events that underpin neuronal communication and that these subtle changes in aging or AD may contribute to cognitive decline. We emphasize that calcium imaging in dendritic components is ultimately necessary to directly test for the presence of age- or disease-associated alterations during periods of synaptic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaree N Frazier
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shaniya Maimaiti
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Katie L Anderson
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lawrence D Brewer
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John C Gant
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Nada M Porter
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Olivier Thibault
- UKMC, MS-313, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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40
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Astroglial calcium signalling in Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:1005-1012. [PMID: 27545605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglial contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically relevant and highly heterogeneous. Reactive astrogliosis and activation of microglia contribute to neuroinflammation, whereas astroglial and oligodendroglial atrophy affect synaptic transmission and underlie the overall disruption of the central nervous system (CNS) connectome. Astroglial function is tightly integrated with the intracellular ionic signalling mediated by complex dynamics of cytosolic concentrations of free Ca2+ and Na+. Astroglial ionic signalling is mediated by plasmalemmal ion channels, mainly associated with ionotropic receptors, pumps and solute carrier transporters, and by intracellular organelles comprised of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The relative contribution of these molecular cascades/organelles can be plastically remodelled in development and under environmental stress. In AD astroglial Ca2+ signalling undergoes substantial reorganisation due to an abnormal regulation of expression of Ca2+ handling molecular cascades.
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41
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Tomasini MC, Borelli AC, Beggiato S, Ferraro L, Cassano T, Tanganelli S, Antonelli T. Differential Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide against Amyloid-β Induced Toxicity in Cortical Neuronal and Astrocytic Primary Cultures from Wild-Type and 3xTg-AD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:407-21. [PMID: 25765918 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the heterogeneity of pathological changes occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a therapeutic approach aimed both to neuroprotection and to neuroinflammation reduction may prove effective. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective properties observed in AD animal models. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We evaluated the protective role of PEA against amyloid-β₄₂ (Aβ₄₂) toxicity on cell viability and glutamatergic transmission in primary cultures of cerebral cortex neurons and astrocytes from the triple-transgenic murine model of AD (3xTg-AD) and their wild-type littermates (non-Tg) mice. RESULTS Aβ₄₂ (0.5 μM; 24 h) affects the cell viability in cultured cortical neurons and astrocytes from non-Tg mice, but not in those from 3xTg-AD mice. These effects were counteracted by the pretreatment with PEA (0.1 μM). Basal glutamate levels in cultured neurons and astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice were lower than those observed in cultured cells from non-Tg mice. Aβ₄₂-exposure reduced and increased glutamate levels in non-Tg mouse cortical neurons and astrocytes, respectively. These effects were counteracted by the pretreatment with PEA. By itself, PEA did not affect cell viability and glutamate levels in cultured cortical neurons and astrocytes from non-Tg or 3xTg-AD mice. CONCLUSION The exposure to Aβ₄₂ induced toxic effects on cultured cortical neurons and astrocytes from non-Tg mice, but not in those from 3xTg-AD mice. Furthermore, PEA exerts differential effects against Aβ₄₂-induced toxicity in primary cultures of cortical neurons and astrocytes from non-Tg and 3xTg-AD mice. In particular, PEA displays protective properties in non-Tg but not in 3xTg-AD mouse neuronal cultured cells overexpressing Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Tomasini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Sergio Tanganelli
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Antonelli
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
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42
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that has no known cure, nor is there a clear mechanistic understanding of the disease process itself. Although amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive decline are late-stage markers of the disease, it is unclear how they are initially generated, and if they represent a cause, effect, or end phase in the pathology process. Recent studies in AD models have identified marked dysregulations in calcium signaling and related downstream pathways, which occur long before the diagnostic histopathological or cognitive changes. Under normal conditions, intracellular calcium signals are coupled to effectors that maintain a healthy physiological state. Consequently, sustained up-regulation of calcium may have pathophysiological consequences. Indeed, upon reviewing the current body of literature, increased calcium levels are functionally linked to the major features and risk factors of AD: ApoE4 expression, presenilin and APP mutations, beta amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction. In turn, the histopathological features of AD, once formed, are capable of further increasing calcium levels, leading to a rapid feed-forward acceleration once the disease process has taken hold. The views proposed here consider that AD pathogenesis reflects long-term calcium dysregulations that ultimately serve an enabling role in the disease process. Therefore, “Calcinists” do not necessarily reject βAptist or Tauist doctrine, but rather believe that their genesis is associated with earlier calcium signaling dysregulations. NEUROSCIENTIST 13(5):546—559, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Stutzmann
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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43
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Toglia P, Ullah G. The gain-of-function enhancement of IP3-receptor channel gating by familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin mutants increases the open probability of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:13-24. [PMID: 27184076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutants in presenilins (PS1 or PS2) are the major cause of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). They affect intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis by increasing the open probability (Po) of inositol 1,4,5-trisposphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) Ca(2+) release channel located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to exaggerated Ca(2+) release into a cytoplasmic microdomain formed by neighboring cluster of a few IP3R channels and mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU). Ca(2+) concentration in the microdomain ( [Formula: see text] ) depends on the distance between the cluster and MCU (r); the number of IP3R in the cluster releasing Ca(2+) to the cytoplasm ( [Formula: see text] ), and Po of IP3R. Using experimental whole-cell IP3R-mediated cytosolic Ca(2+) data, in conjunction with a computational model of cell bioenergetics, a data-driven Markov chain model for IP3R gating, and a model for the dynamics of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), we explore differences in mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake in cells expressing wild type (PS1-WT) and FAD-causing mutant (PS1-M146L) PS. We find that increased mitochondrial [Formula: see text] due to the gain-of-function enhancement of IP3R channels in the cells expressing PS1-M146L leads to the opening of PTP in high conductance state (PTPh), where the latency of opening is inversely correlated with r and proportional to [Formula: see text] . Furthermore, we observe diminished inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), [NADH], [Formula: see text] , and [ATP] when PTP opens. Additionally, we explore how parameters such as the pH gradient, inorganic phosphate concentration, and the rate of the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger affect the latency of PTP to open in PTPh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Toglia
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Ghanim Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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44
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Toglia P, Cheung KH, Mak DOD, Ullah G. Impaired mitochondrial function due to familial Alzheimer's disease-causing presenilins mutants via Ca(2+) disruptions. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:240-50. [PMID: 26971122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mutants in presenilins (PS1 or PS2) is the major cause of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). FAD causing PS mutants affect intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis by enhancing the gating of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) Ca(2+) release channel on the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to exaggerated Ca(2+) release into the cytoplasm. Using experimental IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) release data, in conjunction with a computational model of cell bioenergetics, we explore how the differences in mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake in control cells and cells expressing FAD-causing PS mutants affect key variables such as ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADH, and mitochondrial Ca(2+). We find that as a result of exaggerated cytosolic Ca(2+) in FAD-causing mutant PS-expressing cells, the rate of oxygen consumption increases dramatically and overcomes the Ca(2+) dependent enzymes that stimulate NADH production. This leads to decreased rates in proton pumping due to diminished membrane potential along with less ATP and enhanced ROS production. These results show that through Ca(2+) signaling disruption, mutant PS leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and potentially to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Toglia
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Don-On Daniel Mak
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ghanim Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
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45
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Patel R, Sesti F. Oxidation of ion channels in the aging nervous system. Brain Res 2016; 1639:174-85. [PMID: 26947620 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that allow passive diffusion of ions across membranes. In neurons and in other excitable cells, the harmonious coordination between the numerous types of ion channels shape and propagate electrical signals. Increased accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), and subsequent oxidation of proteins, including ion channels, is a hallmark feature of aging and may contribute to cell failure as a result. In this review we discuss the effects of ROS on three major types of ion channels of the central nervous system, namely the potassium (K(+)), calcium (Ca(2+)) and sodium (Na(+)) channels. We examine two general mechanisms through which ROS affect ion channels: via direct oxidation of specific residues and via indirect interference of pathways that regulate the channels. The overall status of the present studies indicates that the interaction of ion channels with ROS is multimodal and pervasive in the central nervous system and likely constitutes a general mechanism of aging susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patel
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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46
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Herms J, Dorostkar MM. Dendritic Spine Pathology in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:221-50. [PMID: 26907528 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made toward understanding the neuropathology, genetic origins, and epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease; tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia; α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies; Huntington's disease; and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia, as well as prion diseases. Recent evidence has implicated dendritic spine dysfunction as an important substrate of the pathogenesis of dementia in these disorders. Dendritic spines are specialized structures, extending from the neuronal processes, on which excitatory synaptic contacts are formed, and the loss of dendritic spines correlates with the loss of synaptic function. We review the literature that has implicated direct or indirect structural alterations at dendritic spines in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on those that lead to dementias such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, as well as frontotemporal dementia and prion diseases. We stress the importance of in vivo studies in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mario M Dorostkar
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany;
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47
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Altered Kv2.1 functioning promotes increased excitability in hippocampal neurons of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2100. [PMID: 26890139 PMCID: PMC5399189 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Altered neuronal excitability is emerging as an important feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Kv2.1 potassium channels are important modulators of neuronal excitability and synaptic activity. We investigated Kv2.1 currents and its relation to the intrinsic synaptic activity of hippocampal neurons from 3xTg-AD (triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease) mice, a widely employed preclinical AD model. Synaptic activity was also investigated by analyzing spontaneous [Ca2+]i spikes. Compared with wild-type (Non-Tg (non-transgenic mouse model)) cultures, 3xTg-AD neurons showed enhanced spike frequency and decreased intensity. Compared with Non-Tg cultures, 3xTg-AD hippocampal neurons revealed reduced Kv2.1-dependent Ik current densities as well as normalized conductances. 3xTg-AD cultures also exhibited an overall decrease in the number of functional Kv2.1 channels. Immunofluorescence assay revealed an increase in Kv2.1 channel oligomerization, a condition associated with blockade of channel function. In Non-Tg neurons, pharmacological blockade of Kv2.1 channels reproduced the altered pattern found in the 3xTg-AD cultures. Moreover, compared with untreated sister cultures, pharmacological inhibition of Kv2.1 in 3xTg-AD neurons did not produce any significant modification in Ik current densities. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote Kv2.1 oligomerization, thereby acting as negative modulator of the channel activity. Glutamate receptor activation produced higher ROS levels in hippocampal 3xTg-AD cultures compared with Non-Tg neurons. Antioxidant treatment with N-Acetyl-Cysteine was found to rescue Kv2.1-dependent currents and decreased spontaneous hyperexcitability in 3xTg-AD neurons. Analogous results regarding spontaneous synaptic activity were observed in neuronal cultures treated with the antioxidant 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox). Our study indicates that AD-related mutations may promote enhanced ROS generation, oxidative-dependent oligomerization, and loss of function of Kv2.1 channels. These processes can be part on the increased neuronal excitability of these neurons. These steps may set a deleterious vicious circle that eventually helps to promote excitotoxic damage found in the AD brain.
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A γ-Secretase Independent Role for Presenilin in Calcium Homeostasis Impacts Mitochondrial Function and Morphology in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2015; 201:1453-66. [PMID: 26500256 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.182808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the presenilin (PSEN) encoding genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) occur in most early onset familial Alzheimer's Disease. Despite the identification of the involvement of PSEN in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) ∼20 years ago, the underlying role of PSEN in AD is not fully understood. To gain insight into the biological function of PSEN, we investigated the role of the PSEN homolog SEL-12 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Using genetic, cell biological, and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that mutations in sel-12 result in defects in calcium homeostasis, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, consistent with mammalian PSEN, we provide evidence that SEL-12 has a critical role in mediating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium release. Furthermore, we found that in SEL-12-deficient animals, calcium transfer from the ER to the mitochondria leads to fragmentation of the mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, we show that the impact that SEL-12 has on mitochondrial function is independent of its role in Notch signaling, γ-secretase proteolytic activity, and amyloid plaques. Our results reveal a critical role for PSEN in mediating mitochondrial function by regulating calcium transfer from the ER to the mitochondria.
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Schmunk G, Boubion BJ, Smith IF, Parker I, Gargus JJ. Shared functional defect in IP₃R-mediated calcium signaling in diverse monogenic autism syndromes. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e643. [PMID: 26393489 PMCID: PMC5068815 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 2% of children, and is characterized by impaired social and communication skills together with repetitive, stereotypic behavior. The pathophysiology of ASD is complex due to genetic and environmental heterogeneity, complicating the development of therapies and making diagnosis challenging. Growing genetic evidence supports a role of disrupted Ca(2+) signaling in ASD. Here, we report that patient-derived fibroblasts from three monogenic models of ASD-fragile X and tuberous sclerosis TSC1 and TSC2 syndromes-display depressed Ca(2+) release through inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). This was apparent in Ca(2+) signals evoked by G protein-coupled receptors and by photoreleased IP3 at the levels of both global and local elementary Ca(2+) events, suggesting fundamental defects in IP3R channel activity in ASD. Given the ubiquitous involvement of IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) signaling in neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, gene expression and neurodevelopment, we propose dysregulated IP3R signaling as a nexus where genes altered in ASD converge to exert their deleterious effect. These findings highlight potential pharmaceutical targets, and identify Ca(2+) screening in skin fibroblasts as a promising technique for early detection of individuals susceptible to ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schmunk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Center for Autism Research and Translation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - B J Boubion
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - I F Smith
- Center for Autism Research and Translation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - I Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Center for Autism Research and Translation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J J Gargus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Center for Autism Research and Translation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Division of Human Genetics & Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, 2056 Hewitt Hall, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697-3940, USA. E-mail:
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Kaja S, Sumien N, Shah VV, Puthawala I, Maynard AN, Khullar N, Payne AJ, Forster MJ, Koulen P. Loss of Spatial Memory, Learning, and Motor Function During Normal Aging Is Accompanied by Changes in Brain Presenilin 1 and 2 Expression Levels. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:545-54. [PMID: 25204494 PMCID: PMC4362879 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in presenilin (PS) proteins cause familial Alzheimer's disease. We herein tested the hypothesis that the expression levels of PS proteins are differentially affected during healthy aging, in the absence of pathological mutations. We used a preclinical model for aging to identify associations between PS expression and quantitative behavioral parameters for spatial memory and learning and motor function. We identified significant changes of PS protein expression in both cerebellum and forebrain that correlated with the performance in behavioral paradigms for motor function and memory and learning. Overall, PS1 levels were decreased, while PS2 levels were increased in aged mice compared with young controls. Our study presents novel evidence for the differential expression of PS proteins in a nongenetic model for aging, resulting in an overall increase of the PS2 to PS1 ratio. Our findings provide a novel mechanistic basis for molecular and functional changes during normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kaja
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Natalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Vidhi V. Shah
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Imran Puthawala
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Alexandra N. Maynard
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Nitasha Khullar
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Andrew J. Payne
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Michael J. Forster
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108
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