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Gozes I. Tau, ADNP, and sex. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:16-23. [PMID: 37572043 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
With 50 years to the original discovery of Tau, I gave here my perspective, looking through the prism of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), and the influence of sex. My starting point was vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a regulator of ADNP. I then moved to the original discovery of ADNP and its active neuroprotective site, NAP, drug candidate, davunetide. Tau-ADNP-NAP interactions were then explained with emphasis on sex and future translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Bhargava S, Kulkarni R, Dewangan B, Kulkarni N, Jiaswar C, Kumar K, Kumar A, Bodhe PR, Kumar H, Sahu B. Microtubule stabilising peptides: new paradigm towards management of neuronal disorders. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2192-2205. [PMID: 37974959 PMCID: PMC10650357 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cells made of soma, axon, and dendrites are highly compartmentalized and possess a specialized transport system that can convey long-distance electrical signals for the cross-talk. The transport system is made up of microtubule (MT) polymers and MT-binding proteins. MTs play vital and diverse roles in various cellular processes. Therefore, defects and dysregulation of MTs and their binding proteins lead to many neurological disorders as exemplified by Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and many others. MT-stabilising agents (MSAs) altering the MT-associated protein connections have shown great potential for several neurodegenerative disorders. Peptides are an important class of molecules with high specificity, biocompatibility and are devoid of side effects. In the past, peptides have been explored in various neuronal disorders as therapeutics. Davunetide, a MT-stabilising octapeptide, has entered into phase II clinical trials for schizophrenia. Numerous examples of peptides emerging as MSAs reflect the emergence of a new paradigm for peptides which can be explored further as drug candidates for neuronal disorders. Although small molecule-based MSAs have been reviewed in the past, there is no systematic review in recent years focusing on peptides as MSAs apart from davunetide in 2013. Therefore, a systematic updated review on MT stabilising peptides may shed light on many hidden aspects and enable researchers to develop new therapies for diseases related to the CNS. In this review we have summarised the recent examples of peptides as MSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Bhargava
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Riya Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Bhaskar Dewangan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Neeraj Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Chirag Jiaswar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Praveen Reddy Bodhe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Bichismita Sahu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
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Maugeri G, D'Amico AG, Magrì B, Giunta S, Musumeci G, Saccone S, Federico C, Scollo D, Longo A, Avitabile T, D'Agata V. Regulation of UV-B-Induced Inflammatory Mediators by Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP)-Derived Peptide (NAP) in Corneal Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086895. [PMID: 37108060 PMCID: PMC10139171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium, representing the outermost layer of the cornea, acts as a barrier to protect the eye against external insults such as ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiations. The inflammatory response induced by these adverse events can alter the corneal structure, leading to visual impairment. In a previous study, we demonstrated the positive effects of NAP, the active fragment of activity-dependent protein (ADNP), against oxidative stress induced by UV-B radiations. Here, we investigated its role to counteract the inflammatory event triggered by this insult contributing to the disruption of the corneal epithelial barrier. The results indicated that NAP treatment prevents UV-B-induced inflammatory processes by affecting IL-1β cytokine expression and NF-κB activation, as well as maintaining corneal epithelial barrier integrity. These findings may be useful for the future development of an NAP-based therapy for corneal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maugeri
- Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Grazia D'Amico
- Section of System Biology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Benedetta Magrì
- Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giunta
- Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Federico
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Scollo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Clinic, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Clinic, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Teresio Avitabile
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Clinic, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Levine J, Hakim F, Kooy RF, Gozes I. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale in a Cohort of Four ADNP Syndrome Patients Implicates Age-Dependent Developmental Delays with Increased Impact of Activities of Daily Living. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1531-1546. [PMID: 35920977 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is one of the lead genes in autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability. Heterozygous, de novo ADNP mutations cause the ADNP syndrome. Here, to evaluate natural history of the syndrome, mothers of two ADNP syndrome boys aged 6 and a half and two adults aged 27 years (man and woman) were subjected to Vineland III questionnaire assessing adaptive behavior. The boys were assessed again about 2 years after the first measurements. The skill measures, presented as standard scores (SS) included domains of communication, daily living, socialization, motor skills and a sum of adaptive behavior composite. The age equivalent (AE) and growth scale values (GSV) encompassing 11 subdomains assess the age level at which the subject's raw score is found at a norm sample median and the individual temporal progression, respectively. The norm referenced standard scores age-matched, mean 100 ± 15 of the two children showed the lowest outcome in communication (SS: 20-30). Daily living skills presented SS of 50-60, with a possible potential loss of some activities as the child ages, especially in interpersonal relationships with people outside of the immediate family (boy A). In contrast, in socialization, both children were at the SS of 38, with some positive increase to SS of ~ 45 (interpersonal relations with family members and coping skills, depending on the particular individual), 2 years later. Interestingly, there was an apparent large difference in motor skills (gross and fine) at the young age, with subject B showing a relatively higher level of skills (SS: 70), decreasing to subject A level (SS: 40) 2 years later. Together, the adaptive behavior composite suggested a level of SS: 39-48 with B showing a potential increase (SS: 41-44) and A, a substantial decrease (SS: 48-39), suggesting a strong impact of daily living skills. Adults were at SS: 20, which is the lowest possible score. AE showed minor improvements for subject A and B, with all AE values being below 3 years. GSVs for subject A showed some improvement with age, especially in interpersonal, play and leisure, and gross motor subdomains. GSV for subject B showed minor improvements in the various subdomains. Notably, all subjects showed a percentile rank < 1 compared with age-matched norms except for subject B as to motor domain (2nd percentile) at the age of 6 years. In summary, the results, especially comparing SS and AEs between childhood and adulthood, implied a continuous deterioration of activities compared to the general population, encompassing a slower developmental process coupled to possible neurodegeneration, strongly supporting a great need for disease modifying medicinal procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Levine
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Psychiatric Division, Ben Gurion University, Beersheba, Israel
| | | | - R Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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The Interaction of Possible Anti-AD ASA-NAP Peptide Conjugate with Tubulin: A Theoretical and Experimental Insight. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP)-end-binding protein (EB) interactions regulate microtubule dynamics toward protection against tauopathy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 177:65-90. [PMID: 33453943 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The 1102-amino-acid activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) was originally discovered by expression cloning through the immunological identification of its 8-amino-acid sequence NAPVSIPQ (NAP), constituting the smallest active neuroprotective fragment of the protein. ADNP expression is essential for brain formation and cognitive function and is dysregulated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia). ADNP has been found to be mutated in autism, with an estimated prevalence of 0.17% (together, these autism cases now constitute ADNP syndrome cases) and our recent results showed somatic mutations in ADNP in Alzheimer's disease brains correlating with tauopathy. Furthermore, Adnp haploinsufficiency in mice causes an age-dependent reduction in cognitive functions coupled with tauopathy-like features such as an increased formation of tangle-like structures, defective axonal transport, and Tau hyperphosphorylation. ADNP and its derived peptides, NAP and SKIP, directly interact with end-binding proteins (EBs), which decorate plus-tips of the growing axonal cytoskeleton-microtubules (MTs). Functionally, NAP and SKIP are neuroprotective and stimulate axonal transport. Clinical trials have suggested the potential efficacy of NAP (davunetide, CP201) for improving cognitive performance/functional activities of daily living in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and schizophrenia patients, respectively. However, NAP was not found to be an effective treatment (though well-tolerated) for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients. Here we review the molecular mechanism of NAP activity on MTs and how NAP modulates the MT-Tau-EBs crosstalk. We offer a molecular explanation for the different protective potency of NAP in selected tauopathies (aMCI vs. PSP) expressing different ratios/pathologies of the alternatively spliced Tau mRNA and its resulting protein (aMCI expressing similar quantities of the dynamic Tau 3-MT binding isoform (Tau3R) and the Tau 4-MT binding isoform (Tau4R) and PSP enriched in Tau4R pathology). We reveal the direct effect of truncated ADNPs (resulting from de novo autism and newly discovered Alzheimer's disease-related somatic mutations) on MT dynamics. We show that the peptide SKIP affects MT dynamics and MT-Tau association. Since MT impairment is linked with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions, the current study implicates a paucity/dysregulation of MT-interacting endogenous proteins, like ADNP, as a contributing mechanism and provides hope for NAP and SKIP as MT-modulating drug candidates.
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Deciphering the Enigma: NAP (CP201) the Active ADNP Drug Candidate Enters Cells by Dynamin-Associated Endocytosis. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:993-998. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Microbiota changes associated with ADNP deficiencies: rapid indicators for NAP (CP201) treatment of the ADNP syndrome and beyond. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:251-263. [PMID: 32072336 PMCID: PMC7035218 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) and its protein snippet NAP (drug candidate CP201) regulate synapse formation and cognitive as well as behavioral functions, in part, through microtubule interaction. Given potential interactions between the microbiome and brain function, we now investigated the potential effects of the ADNP-deficient genotype, mimicking the ADNP syndrome on microbiota composition in the Adnp+/– mouse model. We have discovered a surprising robust sexually dichotomized Adnp genotype effect and correction by NAP (CP201) as follows. Most of the commensal bacterial microbiota tested were affected by the Adnp genotype and corrected by NAP treatment in a male sex-dependent manner. The following list includes all the bacterial groups tested—labeled in bold are male Adnp—genotype increased and corrected (decreased) by NAP. (1) Eubacteriaceae (EubV3), (2) Enterobacteriaceae (Entero), (3) Enterococcus genus (gEncocc), (4) Lactobacillus group (Lacto), (5) Bifidobacterium genus (BIF), (6) Bacteroides/Prevotella species (Bac), (7) Clostridium coccoides group (Coer), (8) Clostridium leptum group (Cluster IV, sgClep), and (9) Mouse intestinal Bacteroides (MIB). No similarities were found between males and females regarding sex- and genotype-dependent microbiota distributions. Furthermore, a female Adnp+/– genotype associated decrease (contrasting male increase) was observed in the Lactobacillus group (Lacto). Significant correlations were discovered between specific bacterial group loads and open-field behavior as well as social recognition behaviors. In summary, we discovered ADNP deficiency associated changes in commensal gut microbiota compositions, a sex-dependent biomarker for the ADNP syndrome and beyond. Strikingly, we discovered rapidly detected NAP (CP201) treatment-dependent biomarkers within the gut microbiota.
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Gozes I, Ivashko-Pachima Y, Kapitansky O, Sayas CL, Iram T. Single-cell analysis of cytoskeleton dynamics: From isoelectric focusing to live cell imaging and RNA-seq. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 323:119-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ivashko-Pachima Y, Maor-Nof M, Gozes I. NAP (davunetide) preferential interaction with dynamic 3-repeat Tau explains differential protection in selected tauopathies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213666. [PMID: 30865715 PMCID: PMC6415897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) associated protein Tau is instrumental for the regulation of MT assembly and dynamic instability, orchestrating MT-dependent cellular processes. Aberration in Tau post-translational modifications ratio deviation of spliced Tau isoforms 3 or 4 MT binding repeats (3R/4R) have been implicated in neurodegenerative tauopathies. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is vital for brain formation and cognitive function. ADNP deficiency in mice causes pathological Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, correlated with impaired cognitive functions. It has been previously shown that the ADNP-derived peptide NAP protects against ADNP deficiency, exhibiting neuroprotection, MT interaction and memory protection. NAP prevents MT degradation by recruitment of Tau and end-binding proteins to MTs and expression of these proteins is required for NAP activity. Clinically, NAP (davunetide, CP201) exhibited efficacy in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease patients (Tau3R/4R tauopathy) but not in progressive supranuclear palsy (increased Tau4R tauopathy). Here, we examined the potential preferential interaction of NAP with 3R vs. 4R Tau, toward personalized treatment of tauopathies. Affinity-chromatography showed that NAP preferentially interacted with Tau3R protein from rat brain extracts and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assay indicated that NAP induced increased recruitment of human Tau3R to MTs under zinc intoxication, in comparison to Tau4R. Furthermore, we showed that NAP interaction with tubulin (MTs) was inhibited by obstruction of Tau-binding sites on MTs, confirming the requirement of Tau-MT interaction for NAP activity. The preferential interaction of NAP with Tau3R may explain clinical efficacy in mixed vs. Tau4R pathologies, and suggest effectiveness in Tau3R neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Ivashko-Pachima
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Maor-Nof
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Cellular and animal models of skin alterations in the autism-related ADNP syndrome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:736. [PMID: 30679581 PMCID: PMC6346103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ADNP have been recently associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. However, the clinical features of patients with this syndrome are not fully identified, and no treatment currently exists for these patients. Here, we extended the ADNP syndrome phenotype describing skin abnormalities in both a patient with ADNP syndrome and an Adnp haploinsufficient mice. The patient displayed thin dermis, hyperkeratotic lesions in periarticular areas and delayed wound healing. Patient-derived skin keratinocytes showed reduced proliferation and increased differentiation. Additionally, detection of cell cycle markers indicated that mutant cells exhibited impaired cell cycle progression. Treatment of ADNP-deficient keratinocytes with the ADNP-derived NAP peptide significantly reduced the expression of differentiation markers. Sonography and immunofluorescence staining of epidermal layers revealed that the dermis was thinner in the patient than in a healthy control. Adnp haploinsufficient mice (Adnp+/−) mimicked the human condition showing reduced dermal thickness. Intranasal administration of NAP significantly increased dermal thickness and normalized the levels of cell cycle and differentiation markers. Our observations provide a novel activity of the autism-linked ADNP in the skin that may serve to define the clinical phenotype of patients with ADNP syndrome and provide an attractive therapeutic option for skin alterations in these patients.
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Yang MH, Chen SC, Lin YF, Lee YC, Huang MY, Chen KC, Wu HY, Lin PC, Gozes I, Tyan YC. Reduction of aluminum ion neurotoxicity through a small peptide application - NAP treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:551-564. [PMID: 30987727 PMCID: PMC9296191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in late life. It is difficult to precisely diagnose AD at early stages, making biomarker search essential for further developments. The objective of this study was to identify protein biomarkers associated with aluminum ions toxicity (AD-like toxicity) in a human neuroblastoma cell model, SH-SY5Y and assess potential prevention by NAP (NAPVSIPQ). Complete proteomic techniques were implemented. Four proteins were identified as up-regulated with aluminum ion treatment, CBP80/20-dependent translation initiation factor (CTIF), Early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), Leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 4 (LRRN4) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta (PI3KR2). Of these four proteins, EEA1 and PI3KR2 were down-regulated after NAP-induced neuroprotective activity in neuroblastoma cells. Thus, aluminum ions may increase the risk for neurotoxicity in AD, and the use of NAP is suggested as a treatment to provide additional protection against the effects of aluminum ions, via EEA1 and PI3KR2, associated with sorting and processing of the AD amyloid precursor protein (APP) through the endosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheng Chen
- Office of Research and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chiao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Illana Gozes
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School for Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Gozes I, Ivashko-Pachima Y, Sayas CL. ADNP, a Microtubule Interacting Protein, Provides Neuroprotection Through End Binding Proteins and Tau: An Amplifier Effect. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:151. [PMID: 29765303 PMCID: PMC5938608 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Dr. Diana and Zelman Elton (Elbaum) Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yanina Ivashko-Pachima
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Dr. Diana and Zelman Elton (Elbaum) Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carmen L Sayas
- Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Antidepressant effect of recombinant NT4-NAP/AAV on social isolated mice through intranasal route. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10103-10113. [PMID: 28052034 PMCID: PMC5354645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to observe the depression-like behavior induced by social isolation; detect the antidepressant effect of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing NAP on social isolation mice by intranasal delivery. After construction of NT4-NAP/AAV, expression of NAP was confirmed in vitro. 3-week-old C57/BL mice were bred individually in cages as social isolation-rearing. Six weeks later, the first subset of mice underwent behavioral tests and western blot; the second was for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NT4-NAP/AAV was delivered quaque die by nasal administration for consecutive 10 days before behavioral test. Several depression-like behaviors were observed in social isolation mice, including decreased relative sucrose preference, longer immobility time in forced swimming test, lower plasma corticosterone and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus. Thus, social isolation procedure appears to be an animal model of depression with good face and construct validity. What's more, the antidepressant effect in social isolation-rearing mice was observed after intranasal administration of NT4-NAP/AAV, suggesting that this might be a promising therapeutic strategy for depressive disorder.
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Sragovich S, Merenlender-Wagner A, Gozes I. ADNP Plays a Key Role in Autophagy: From Autism to Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28940660 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), discovered in our laboratory in 1999, has been characterized as a master gene vital for mammalian brain formation. ADNP de novo mutations in humans result in a syndromic form of autism-like spectrum disorder (ASD), including cognitive and motor deficits, the ADNP syndrome (Helsmoortel-Van Der Aa). One of the most important cellular processes associated with ADNP is the autophagy pathway, recently discovered by us as a key player in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this regard, given the link between the microtubule and autophagy systems, the ADNP microtubule end binding protein motif, namely, the neuroprotective NAP (NAPVSIPQ), was found to enhance autophagy while protecting microtubules and augmenting ADNP's association with both systems. Thus, linking autophagy and ADNP is proposed as a major target for intervention in brain diseases from autism to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and our findings introduce autophagy as a possible novel target for treating schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Sragovich
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Avia Merenlender-Wagner
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Ivashko-Pachima Y, Sayas CL, Malishkevich A, Gozes I. ADNP/NAP dramatically increase microtubule end-binding protein-Tau interaction: a novel avenue for protection against tauopathy. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1335-1344. [PMID: 28115743 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), vital for brain formation and cognitive function, is mutated in autism and linked to neurodegenerative/psychiatric diseases. An eight-amino-acid peptide snippet of ADNP, NAP (NAPVSIPQ), identified as a smallest active fragment, includes the SxIP microtubule (MT) end-binding protein (EB) association motif, and enhances ADNP-EB3 interaction. Depletion of EB1 or EB3 abolishes NAP protection against zinc intoxication. Furthermore, NAP enhances Tau-MT interaction, and Tau regulates the localization and function of EB1 and EB3 in developing neuronal cells. Here, we asked how NAP (ADNP) enhances Tau-MT interactions and whether this is mediated by EBs. We showed, for we believe the first time, that NAP augmented endogenous EB1 comet density in the N1E-115 neuroblastoma neuronal model. This finding was substantiated by cell transfection with fluorescent EB1 and live cell imaging. NAP increased comet amounts, length and speed. At the molecular level, NAP enhanced EB3 homodimer formation, while decreasing EB1-EB3 heterodimer content and driving EB1- and EB3-Tau interactions (dramatic 20-fold increases), leading to recruitment of EB1/EB3 and Tau to MTs under zinc intoxication. Our previous results showed that while NAP protected neuronal-like cells against oxidative stress, it did not protect NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Here, NAP did not protect NIH3T3 cells against zinc intoxication, unless these cells were transfected with Tau. Interestingly, other MT associated proteins (MAPs) may replace Tau, thus, EB-Tau (MAPs) interaction is identified as a novel target for endogenous ADNP neuroprotection, and a future target for drug development, with NAP as a prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ivashko-Pachima
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Dr. Diana and Zelman Elton (Elbaum) Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - C Laura Sayas
- Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Malishkevich
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Dr. Diana and Zelman Elton (Elbaum) Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Gozes
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Dr. Diana and Zelman Elton (Elbaum) Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Potential Role of Microtubule Stabilizing Agents in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081627. [PMID: 28933765 PMCID: PMC5578018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are characterized by neuroanatomical abnormalities indicative of corticogenesis disturbances. At the basis of NDDs cortical abnormalities, the principal developmental processes involved are cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation. NDDs are also considered “synaptic disorders” since accumulating evidence suggests that NDDs are developmental brain misconnection syndromes characterized by altered connectivity in local circuits and between brain regions. Microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins play a fundamental role in the regulation of basic neurodevelopmental processes, such as neuronal polarization and migration, neuronal branching and synaptogenesis. Here, the role of microtubule dynamics will be elucidated in regulating several neurodevelopmental steps. Furthermore, the correlation between abnormalities in microtubule dynamics and some NDDs will be described. Finally, we will discuss the potential use of microtubule stabilizing agents as a new pharmacological intervention for NDDs treatment.
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Ruthirakuhan M, Herrmann N, Suridjan I, Abraham EH, Farber I, Lanctôt KL. Beyond immunotherapy: new approaches for disease modifying treatments for early Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:2417-2429. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1258060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pachima YI, Zhou LY, Lei P, Gozes I. Microtubule-Tau Interaction as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 58:145-52. [PMID: 26816082 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Ivashko Pachima
- Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Liu-yao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, 610041, China. .,Oxidation Biology Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia.
| | - Illana Gozes
- Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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Mokhtari F, Riazi G, Balalaie S, Khodarahmi R, Karima S, Hemati A, Bolouri B, Katouli FH, Fathi E. Peptides NAP and SAL attenuate human tau granular-shaped oligomers in vitro and in SH-SY5Y cells. Neuropeptides 2016; 59:21-31. [PMID: 27461951 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Mokhtari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 131451348, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 131451348, Iran.
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 158754416, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, P.O. Box 6734667149, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, P.O. Box 6734667149, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, P.O. Box 1985717434, Iran
| | - Azam Hemati
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, P.O. Box 193954741, Iran
| | - Bahram Bolouri
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O. Box 1449614525, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hedayati Katouli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 131451348, Iran
| | - Esmat Fathi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 131451348, Iran
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Evaluation of the brain-penetrant microtubule-stabilizing agent, dictyostatin, in the PS19 tau transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:106. [PMID: 27687527 PMCID: PMC5043530 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders referred to as tauopathies, which includes Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are characterized by insoluble deposits of the tau protein within neuron cell bodies and dendritic processes in the brain. Tau is normally associated with microtubules (MTs) in axons, where it provides MT stabilization and may modulate axonal transport. However, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and dissociates from MTs in tauopathies, with evidence of reduced MT stability and defective axonal transport. This has led to the hypothesis that MT-stabilizing drugs may have potential for the treatment of tauopathies. Prior studies demonstrated that the brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing drug, epothilone D, had salutary effects in transgenic (Tg) mouse models of tauopathy, improving MT density and axonal transport, while reducing axonal dystrophy. Moreover, epothilone D enhanced cognitive performance and decreased hippocampal neuron loss, with evidence of reduced tau pathology. To date, epothilone D has been the only non-peptide small molecule MT-stabilizing agent to be evaluated in Tg tau mice. Herein, we demonstrate the efficacy of another small molecule brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing agent, dictyostatin, in the PS19 tau Tg mouse model. Although dictyostatin was poorly tolerated at once-weekly doses of 1 mg/kg or 0.3 mg/kg, likely due to gastrointestinal (GI) complications, a dictyostatin dose of 0.1 mg/kg was better tolerated, such that the majority of 6-month old PS19 mice, which harbor a moderate level of brain tau pathology, completed a 3-month dosing study without evidence of significant body weight loss. Importantly, as previously observed with epothilone D, the dictyostatin-treated PS19 mice displayed improved MT density and reduced axonal dystrophy, with a reduction of tau pathology and a trend toward increased hippocampal neuron survival relative to vehicle-treated PS19 mice. Thus, despite evidence of dose-limiting peripheral side effects, the observed positive brain outcomes in dictyostatin-treated aged PS19 mice reinforces the concept that MT-stabilizing compounds have significant potential for the treatment of tauopathies.
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Sudo H, Nakajima K. The mitotic tensegrity guardian tau protects mammary epithelia from katanin-like1-induced aneuploidy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:53712-53734. [PMID: 27447563 PMCID: PMC5288216 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule associated-protein tau has been identified as an effective positive prognostic indicator in breast cancer. To explore the physiological function of tau in early carcinogenesis, endogenous tau was knocked down in primary cultured human mammary epithelial cells. This resulted in chromosome-bridging during anaphase followed by micronucleation, both of which were suppressed by a further katanin-like1 knockdown. We also detected that the exogenously expressed katanin-like1 induction of cellular transformation is prevented by exogenous tau in rat fibroblasts. The mutant katanin-like1 (L123V) identified in breast cancer showed an increase in this transformation capacity as well as microtubule severing activity resistant to tau. The tau knockdown resulted in a loss of the kinetochore fibers on which tau is normally localized. This physical fragility was also observed in isolated tau-knockdown mitotic spindles, supporting the relevance of microtubule damage to the onset of transformation. The karyotyping of tau-knockdown cells showed increased frequency of loss of one X chromosome, further suggesting the involvement of tau in breast tumorigenesis. We propose that tau may contribute to tumor progression by protecting spindle microtubules from excess severing by katanin-like1. We also present data indicating that the microtubule-binding octapeptide NAP is a candidate modifier against the tau deficiency in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sudo
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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23
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van de Willige D, Hoogenraad CC, Akhmanova A. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins in neuronal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2053-77. [PMID: 26969328 PMCID: PMC4834103 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton is of pivotal importance for neuronal development and function. One such regulatory mechanism centers on microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs): structurally and functionally diverse regulatory factors, which can form complex macromolecular assemblies at the growing microtubule plus-ends. +TIPs modulate important properties of microtubules including their dynamics and their ability to control cell polarity, membrane transport and signaling. Several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with mutations in +TIPs or with misregulation of these proteins. In this review, we focus on the role and regulation of +TIPs in neuronal development and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonnée van de Willige
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Chu Y, Morfini GA, Kordower JH. Alterations in Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein in Sporadic and Experimental Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 6:77-97. [DOI: 10.3233/jpd-160812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gerardo A. Morfini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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25
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Gozes I, Sragovich S, Schirer Y, Idan-Feldman A. D-SAL and NAP: Two Peptides Sharing a SIP Domain. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:220-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Vaisburd S, Shemer Z, Yeheskel A, Giladi E, Gozes I. Risperidone and NAP protect cognition and normalize gene expression in a schizophrenia mouse model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16300. [PMID: 26553741 PMCID: PMC4639790 DOI: 10.1038/srep16300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutated disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a microtubule regulating protein, leads to schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses. It is hypothesized that microtubule stabilization may provide neuroprotection in schizophrenia. The NAP (NAPVSIPQ) sequence of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) contains the SxIP motif, microtubule end binding (EB) protein target, which is critical for microtubule dynamics leading to synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. Bioinformatics prediction for FDA approved drugs mimicking SxIP-like motif which displace NAP-EB binding identified Risperidone. Risperidone or NAP effectively ameliorated object recognition deficits in the mutated DISC1 mouse model. NAP but not Risperidone, reduced anxiety in the mutated mice. Doxycycline, which blocked the expression of the mutated DISC1, did not reverse the phenotype. Transcripts of Forkhead-BOX P2 (Foxp2), a gene regulating DISC1 and associated with human ability to acquire a spoken language, were increased in the hippocampus of the DISC1 mutated mice and were significantly lowered after treatment with NAP, Risperidone, or the combination of both. Thus, the combination of NAP and standard of care Risperidone in humans may protect against language disturbances associated with negative and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinaya Vaisburd
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Zeev Shemer
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Adva Yeheskel
- The Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Eliezer Giladi
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
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27
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Gozes I, Ivashko-Pachima Y. ADNP: in search for molecular mechanisms and innovative therapeutic strategies for frontotemporal degeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:205. [PMID: 26578950 PMCID: PMC4624849 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is deregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in schizophrenia and mutated in autism. In mice, ADNP is essential for brain formation and ADNP haploinsufficiency is associated with cognitive and social deficits and tauopathy. Tauopathy, a major pathology in AD, is also found in ~45% of frontotemporal dementias (FTDs). Tau transcript, a product of a single gene, undergoes alternative splicing. Tau splicing seems to be altered in FTD brain. In transgenic mice overexpressing a mutated tau in the cerebral cortex, significant increases in ADNP transcript expression were observed in the cerebral cortex of young transgenic mice (~disease onset) and a marked decrease with aging as compared to control littermates. ADNP is a member of the SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex also associated with alternative splicing, including tau transcript splicing. Further cellular interactions of ADNP include association with microtubules, with tau being a microtubule—associated protein. NAP (davundetide), a novel drug candidate derived from ADNP, increases ADNP-microtubule association and protects against tauopathy and cognitive deficiencies in mice. Although, NAP did not provide protection in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a pure tauopathy, it increased cognitive scores in amnestic mild cognitively impaired patients and protected functional activity in schizophrenia patients. This mini-review focuses on ADNP in the context of FTD and tau/microtubules and proposes NAP as a novel drug target for future clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience & Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yanina Ivashko-Pachima
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience & Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
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28
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Brown BP, Kang SC, Gawelek K, Zacharias RA, Anderson SR, Turner CP, Morris JK. In vivo and in vitro ketamine exposure exhibits a dose-dependent induction of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein in rat neurons. Neuroscience 2015; 290:31-40. [PMID: 25595994 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetic doses of ketamine induce apoptosis, as well as gene expression of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), a putative homeodomain transcription factor in rat pups (P7). This study investigated if ketamine induced ADNP protein in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo using primary cultures of cortical neurons and neonatal pups (P7). In vivo immunohistochemistry demonstrated a sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine increased ADNP in the somatosensory cortex (SCC) which was previously identified to be damaged by repeated exposure to anesthetic doses of ketamine. Administration of low-dose ketamine prior to full sedation prevented caspase-3 activation in the hippocampus and SCC. Primary cultures of cortical neurons treated with ketamine (10 μM-10mM) at 3 days-in vitro (3 DIV) displayed a concentration-dependent decrease in expanded growth cones. Furthermore, neuronal production and localization of ADNP varied as a function of both ketamine concentration and length of exposure. Taken together, these data support the model that ADNP induction may be partially responsible for the efficacy of a low-dose ketamine pre-treatment in preventing ketamine-induced neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Brown
- Neuroscience Program, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA; Department of Chemistry, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA
| | - S C Kang
- Neuroscience Program, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA
| | - K Gawelek
- Neuroscience Program, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA; Department of Biology, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA; Department of Chemistry, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA
| | - R A Zacharias
- Neuroscience Program, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA; Department of Psychology, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA
| | - S R Anderson
- Neuroscience Program, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA; Department of Psychology, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA; Department of Mathematics, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA
| | - C P Turner
- Neuroscience Program, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA
| | - J K Morris
- Neuroscience Program, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA; Department of Biology, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA.
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The NAP motif of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) regulates dendritic spines through microtubule end binding proteins. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1115-24. [PMID: 25178163 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The NAP motif of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) enhanced memory scores in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment and protected activities of daily living in schizophrenia patients, while fortifying microtubule (MT)-dependent axonal transport, in mice and flies. The question is how does NAP fortify MTs? Our sequence analysis identified the MT end-binding protein (EB1)-interacting motif SxIP (SIP, Ser-Ile-Pro) in ADNP/NAP and showed specific SxIP binding sites in all members of the EB protein family (EB1-3). Others found that EB1 enhancement of neurite outgrowth is attenuated by EB2, while EB3 interacts with postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) to modulate dendritic plasticity. Here, NAP increased PSD-95 expression in dendritic spines, which was inhibited by EB3 silencing. EB1 or EB3, but not EB2 silencing inhibited NAP-mediated cell protection, which reflected NAP binding specificity. NAPVSKIPQ (SxIP=SKIP), but not NAPVAAAAQ mimicked NAP activity. ADNP, essential for neuronal differentiation and brain formation in mouse, a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and a major protein mutated in autism and deregulated in schizophrenia in men, showed similar EB interactions, which were enhanced by NAP treatment. The newly identified shared MT target of NAP/ADNP is directly implicated in synaptic plasticity, explaining the breadth and efficiency of neuroprotective/neurotrophic capacities.
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30
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Magen I, Ostritsky R, Richter F, Zhu C, Fleming SM, Lemesre V, Stewart AJ, Morimoto BH, Gozes I, Chesselet MF. Intranasal NAP (davunetide) decreases tau hyperphosphorylation and moderately improves behavioral deficits in mice overexpressing α-synuclein. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00065. [PMID: 25505609 PMCID: PMC4186425 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified strong associations between the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) and polymorphisms in the genes encoding α-synuclein and the microtubule-associated protein tau. However, the contribution of tau and its phosphorylated form (p-tau) to α-synuclein-induced pathology and neuronal dysfunction remains controversial. We have assessed the effects of NAP (davunetide), an eight-amino acid peptide that decreases tau hyperphosphorylation, in mice overexpressing wild-type human α-synuclein (Thy1-aSyn mice), a model that recapitulates aspects of PD. We found that the p-tau/tau level increased in a subcortical tissue block that includes the striatum and brain stem, and in the cerebellum of the Thy1-aSyn mice compared to nontransgenic controls. Intermittent intranasal NAP administration at 2 μg/mouse per day, 5 days a week, for 24 weeks, starting at 4 weeks of age, significantly decreased the ratio of p-tau/tau levels in the subcortical region while a higher dose of 15 μg/mouse per day induced a decrease in p-tau/tau levels in the cerebellum. Both NAP doses reduced hyperactivity, improved habituation to a novel environment, and reduced olfactory deficits in the Thy1-aSyn mice, but neither dose improved the severe deficits of motor coordination observed on the challenging beam and pole, contrasting with previous data obtained with continuous daily administration of the drug. The data reveal novel effects of NAP on brain p-tau/tau and behavioral outcomes in this model of synucleinopathy and suggest that sustained exposure to NAP may be necessary for maximal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iddo Magen
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1769 ; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Regina Ostritsky
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1769
| | - Chunni Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1769
| | - Sheila M Fleming
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1769
| | - Vincent Lemesre
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1769
| | - Alistair J Stewart
- Allon Therapeutics Inc. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6B 2S2 ; Paladin Labs Inc. 100 Blvd Alexis Nihon, Suite 600, St Laurent, Quebec, Canada, H4M 2P2
| | - Bruce H Morimoto
- Allon Therapeutics Inc. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6B 2S2 ; Celerion 621 Rose St, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68502
| | - Illana Gozes
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Marie-Françoise Chesselet
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1769
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Protein profiling reveals antioxidant and signaling activities of NAP (Davunetide) in rodent hippocampus exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:414-29. [PMID: 25038875 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
NAP (davunetide) is a clinical octapeptide and reportedly possesses neuroprotective, neurotrophic and cognitive protective properties. The information for NAP-mediated neuroproteome changes and associated signaling pathways during hypoxia will help in drug development programmes across the world. In the present study, we have evaluated the antioxidant activities of NAP in rat hippocampus exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (25,000 ft, 282 mm Hg) for 3, 6 and 12 h respectively. Using 2D-gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry, we have identified altered expression of 80 proteins in NAP-supplemented hippocampus after hypoxia. Pathway analysis revealed that NAP supplementation significantly regulated oxidative stress response, oxidoreductase activity and cellular response to stress pathways during hypoxia. Additionally, NAP supplementation also regulated energy production pathways along with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and signaling by Rho family GTPases pathways. We observed higher expression of antioxidant Sod1, Eno1, Prdx2 and Prdx5 proteins that were subsequently validated by Western blotting. A higher level of Prdx2 was also observed by immunohistochemistry in NAP-supplemented hippocampus during hypoxia. In corroboration, we are able to detect significant lower level of protein carbonyls in NAP-supplemented hypoxic hippocampus suggesting amelioration of oxidant molecules by NAP supplementation. These results emphasize the antioxidant and signaling properties of NAP in rodent hippocampus during hypobaric hypoxia.
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Suzuki Y, Jin C, Iwase T, Yazawa I. β-III Tubulin fragments inhibit α-synuclein accumulation in models of multiple system atrophy. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24374-82. [PMID: 25028513 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.557215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by α-synuclein aggregation in oligodendrocytes and neurons. Using a transgenic mouse model overexpressing human α-synuclein in oligodendrocytes, we previously demonstrated that oligodendrocytic α-synuclein inclusions induce neuronal α-synuclein accumulation and progressive neuronal degeneration. α-Synuclein binds to β-III tubulin, leading to the neuronal accumulation of insoluble α-synuclein in an MSA mouse model. The present study demonstrates that α-synuclein co-localizes with β-III tubulin in the brain tissue from patients with MSA and MSA model transgenic mice as well as neurons cultured from these mice. Accumulation of insoluble α-synuclein in MSA mouse neurons was blocked by the peptide fragment β-III tubulin (residues 235-282). We have determined the α-synuclein-binding domain of β-III tubulin and demonstrated that a short fragment containing this domain can suppress α-synuclein accumulation in the primary cultured cells. Administration of a short α-synuclein-binding fragment of β-III tubulin may be a novel therapeutic strategy for MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Suzuki
- From the Laboratory of Research Resources, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan and
| | - Chenghua Jin
- From the Laboratory of Research Resources, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan and
| | - Tamaki Iwase
- the Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Koseiin Medical Welfare Center, Aichi 465-8610, Japan
| | - Ikuru Yazawa
- From the Laboratory of Research Resources, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan and
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Parker AL, Kavallaris M, McCarroll JA. Microtubules and their role in cellular stress in cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:153. [PMID: 24995158 PMCID: PMC4061531 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic structures, which consist of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, and are involved in cell movement, intracellular trafficking, and mitosis. In the context of cancer, the tubulin family of proteins is recognized as the target of the tubulin-binding chemotherapeutics, which suppress the dynamics of the mitotic spindle to cause mitotic arrest and cell death. Importantly, changes in microtubule stability and the expression of different tubulin isotypes as well as altered post-translational modifications have been reported for a range of cancers. These changes have been correlated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in solid and hematological cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations have remained poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins may play a role in a range of cellular stress responses, thus conferring survival advantage to cancer cells. This review will focus on the importance of the microtubule-protein network in regulating critical cellular processes in response to stress. Understanding the role of microtubules in this context may offer novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Parker
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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Biswas A, Kurkute P, Jana B, Laskar A, Ghosh S. An amyloid inhibitor octapeptide forms amyloid type fibrous aggregates and affects microtubule motility. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2604-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide in dual action: an amyloid inhibitor octapeptide spontaneously forms amyloid like fibrillar aggregates in solution and slows down the microtubule gliding speed through strong peptide–tubulin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Biswas
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Prashant Kurkute
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Batakrishna Jana
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Aparna Laskar
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
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Magen I, Gozes I. Microtubule-stabilizing peptides and small molecules protecting axonal transport and brain function: focus on davunetide (NAP). Neuropeptides 2013; 47:489-95. [PMID: 24210139 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of NAP (davunetide), an eight amino acid snippet derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) which was discovered in our laboratory. We have recently described the effects of NAP in neurodegenerative disorders, and we now review the beneficial effects of NAP and other microtubule-stabilizing agents on impairments in axonal transport. Experiments in animal models of microtubule-deficiency including tauopathy (spanning from drosophila to mammals) showed protection of axonal transport by microtubule-stabilizers and NAP, which was coupled to motor and cognitive protection. Clinical trials with NAP (davunetide) are reviewed paving the path to future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iddo Magen
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Dr. Diana and Zelman Elton (Elbaum) Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, The Adams Super Center for Brain Studies Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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36
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37
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Esteves AR, Gozes I, Cardoso SM. The rescue of microtubule-dependent traffic recovers mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:7-21. [PMID: 24120997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to a deficient ATP supply to microtubule protein motors leading to mitochondrial axonal transport disruption. Compromised axonal transport will then lead to a disorganized distribution of mitochondria and other organelles in the cell, as well as, the accumulation of aggregated proteins like alpha-synuclein. Moreover, axonal transport disruption can trigger synaptic accumulation of autophagosomes packed with damaged mitochondria and protein aggregates promoting synaptic failure. We previously observed that neuronal-like cells with an inherent mitochondrial impairment derived from PD patients contain a disorganized microtubule network, as well as, alpha-synuclein oligomer accumulation. In this work we provide new evidence that an agent that promotes microtubule network assembly, NAP (davunetide), improves microtubule-dependent traffic, restores the autophagic flux and potentiates autophagosome-lysosome fusion leading to autophagic vacuole clearance in Parkinson's disease cells. Moreover, NAP is capable of efficiently reducing alpha-synuclein oligomer content and its sequestration by the mitochondria. Most interestingly, NAP decreases mitochondrial ubiquitination levels, as well as, increases mitochondrial membrane potential indicating a rescue in mitochondrial function. Overall, we demonstrate that by improving microtubule-mediated traffic, we can avoid mitochondrial-induced damage and thus recover cell homeostasis. These results prove that NAP may be a promising therapeutic lead candidate for neurodegenerative diseases that involve axonal transport failure and mitochondrial impairment as hallmarks, like Parkinson's disease and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Esteves
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease causing irreversible cognitive decline in the elderly. There is no disease-modifying therapy for this condition and the mechanisms underpinning neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration are unclear. Compromised cytoskeletal integrity within neurons is reported in AD. This is believed to result from loss-of-function of the microtubule-associated protein tau, which becomes hyper-phosphorylated and deposits into neurofibrillary tangles in AD. We have developed a Drosophila model of tauopathy in which abnormal human tau mediates neuronal dysfunction characterised by microtubule destabilisation, axonal transport disruption, synaptic defects and behavioural impairments. Here we show that a microtubule-stabilising drug, NAPVSIPQ (NAP), prevents as well as reverses these phenotypes even after they have become established. Moreover, it does not alter abnormal tau levels indicating that it by-passes toxic tau altogether. Thus, microtubule stabilisation is a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy protecting against tau-mediated neuronal dysfunction, which holds great promise for tauopathies like AD.
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Jouroukhin Y, Ostritsky R, Assaf Y, Pelled G, Giladi E, Gozes I. NAP (davunetide) modifies disease progression in a mouse model of severe neurodegeneration: protection against impairments in axonal transport. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 56:79-94. [PMID: 23631872 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NAP (davunetide) is a novel neuroprotective compound with mechanism of action that appears to involve microtubule (MT) stabilization and repair. To evaluate, for the first time, the impact of NAP on axonal transport in vivo and to translate it to neuroprotection in a severe neurodegeneration, the SOD1-G93A mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was used. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), estimating axonal transport rates, revealed a significant reduction of the anterograde axonal transport in the ALS mice compared to healthy control mice. Acute NAP treatment normalized axonal transport rates in these ALS mice. Tau hyperphosphorylation, associated with MT dysfunction and defective axonal transport, was discovered in the brains of the ALS mice and was significantly reduced by chronic NAP treatment. Furthermore, in healthy wild type (WT) mice, NAP reversed axonal transport disruption by colchicine, suggesting drug-dependent protection against axonal transport impairment through stabilization of the neuronal MT network. Histochemical analysis showed that chronic NAP treatment significantly protected spinal cord motor neurons against ALS-like pathology. Sequential MRI measurements, correlating brain structure with ALS disease progression, revealed a significant damage to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), indicative of impairments to the dopaminergic pathways relative to healthy controls. Chronic daily NAP treatment of the SOD1-G93A mice, initiated close to disease onset, delayed degeneration of the trigeminal, facial and hypoglossal motor nuclei as was significantly apparent at days 90-100 and further protected the VTA throughout life. Importantly, protection of the VTA was significantly correlated with longevity and overall, NAP treatment significantly prolonged life span in the ALS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jouroukhin
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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D-NAP prophylactic treatment in the SOD mutant mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: review of discovery and treatment of tauopathy. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 48:597-602. [PMID: 22956189 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Davunetide (NAP) is a leading drug candidate being tested against tauopathy. Davunetide is an eight-amino-acid peptide fragment derived by structure-activity studies from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein, activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP). ADNP is essential for brain formation. ADNP haploinsufficiency in mice results in tauopathy and cognitive deficits ameliorated by davunetide treatment. This article summarizes in brief recent reviews about NAP protection against tauopathy including the all D-amino acid analogue-D-NAP (AL-408). D-NAP was discovered to have similar neuroprotective functions to NAP in vitro. Here, D-NAP was tested as prophylactic as well as therapeutic treatment for amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the widely used TgN(SOD1-G93A)1Gur transgenic mouse model. Results showed D-NAP-associated prophylactic protection, thus daily treatment starting from day 2 of age resulted in a prolonged life course in the D-NAP-treated mice, which was coupled to a significant decrease in tau hyperphosphorylation. These studies correlate protection against tau hyperphosphorylation and longevity in a severe model of ALS-like motor impairment and early mortality. NAP is a first-in-class drug candidate/investigation compound providing neuroprotection coupled to inhibition of tau pathology. D-NAP (AL-408) is a pipeline product.
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Li J, Zhang C, Li J, Fan L, Jiang X, Chen J, Pang Z, Zhang Q. Brain Delivery of NAP with PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles Modified with Phage Display Peptides. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1813-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ciesler J, Sari Y. Neurotrophic Peptides: Potential Drugs for Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3. [PMID: 23795307 DOI: 10.13055/ojns_3_1_2.130408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system correlated to their symptoms. Among these neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neurodegeneration is mostly restricted to specific neuronal populations: cholinergic neurons in AD and motoneurons in ALS. The demonstration that the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases in models of transgenic mice, in particular, is delayed or improved by the application of neurotrophic factors and derived peptides from neurotrophic factors has emphasized their importance in neurorestoration. A range of neurotrophic factors and growth peptide factors derived from activity-dependent neurotrophic factor/activity-dependent neuroprotective protein has been suggested to restore neuronal function, improve behavioral deficits and prolong the survival in animal models. In this review article, we focus on the role of trophic peptides in the improvement of AD and ALS. An understanding of the molecular pathways involved with trophic peptides in these neurodegenerative diseases may shed light on potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ciesler
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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43
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Oz S, Ivashko-Pachima Y, Gozes I. The ADNP derived peptide, NAP modulates the tubulin pool: implication for neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51458. [PMID: 23272107 PMCID: PMC3522725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), key cytoskeletal elements in living cells, are critical for axonal transport, synaptic transmission, and maintenance of neuronal morphology. NAP (NAPVSIPQ) is a neuroprotective peptide derived from the essential activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP). In Alzheimer’s disease models, NAP protects against tauopathy and cognitive decline. Here, we show that NAP treatment significantly affected the alpha tubulin tyrosination cycle in the neuronal differentiation model, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and in rat cortical astrocytes. The effect on tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination was coupled to increased MT network area (measured in PC12 cells), which is directly related to neurite outgrowth. Tubulin beta3, a marker for neurite outgrowth/neuronal differentiation significantly increased after NAP treatment. In rat cortical neurons, NAP doubled the area of dynamic MT invasion (Tyr-tubulin) into the neuronal growth cone periphery. NAP was previously shown to protect against zinc-induced MT/neurite destruction and neuronal death, here, in PC12 cells, NAP treatment reversed zinc-decreased tau-tubulin-MT interaction and protected against death. NAP effects on the MT pool, coupled with increased tau engagement on compromised MTs imply an important role in neuronal plasticity, protecting against free tau accumulation leading to tauopathy. With tauopathy representing a major pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, the current findings provide a mechanistic basis for further development. NAP (davunetide) is in phase 2/3 clinical trial in progressive supranuclear palsy, a disease presenting MT deficiency and tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Oz
- The Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yanina Ivashko-Pachima
- The Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Ballatore C, Brunden KR, Huryn DM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Smith AB. Microtubule stabilizing agents as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8979-96. [PMID: 23020671 PMCID: PMC3493881 DOI: 10.1021/jm301079z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) associated protein tau, which is highly expressed in the axons of neurons, is an endogenous MT-stabilizing agent that plays an important role in axonal transport. Loss of MT-stabilizing tau function, caused by misfolding, hyperphosphorylation, and sequestration of tau into insoluble aggregates, leads to axonal transport deficits with neuropathological consequences. Several in vitro and preclinical in vivo studies have shown that MT-stabilizing drugs can be utilized to compensate for the loss of tau function and to maintain/restore effective axonal transport. These findings indicate that MT-stabilizing compounds hold considerable promise for the treatment of Alzheimer disease and related tauopathies. The present article provides a synopsis of the key findings demonstrating the therapeutic potential of MT-stabilizing drugs in the context of neurodegenerative tauopathies, as well as an overview of the different classes of MT-stabilizing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ballatore
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Kurt R. Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Donna M. Huryn
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
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Boutajangout A, Sigurdsson EM, Krishnamurthy PK. Tau as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2012; 8:666-77. [PMID: 21679154 DOI: 10.2174/156720511796717195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are primarily composed of aggregates of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule associated protein tau. It is likely that an imbalance of kinase and phosphatase activities leads to the abnormal phosphorylation of tau and subsequent aggregation. The wide ranging therapeutic approaches that are being developed include to inhibit tau kinases, to enhance phosphatase activity, to promote microtubule stability, and to reduce tau aggregate formation and/or enhance their clearance with small molecule drugs or by immunotherapeutic means. Most of these promising approaches are still in preclinical development whilst some have progressed to Phase II clinical trials. By pursuing these lines of study, a viable therapy for AD and related tauopathies may be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boutajangout
- Departments of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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46
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Gold M, Lorenzl S, Stewart AJ, Morimoto BH, Williams DR, Gozes I. Critical appraisal of the role of davunetide in the treatment of progressive supranuclear palsy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2012; 8:85-93. [PMID: 22347799 PMCID: PMC3280109 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of tau protein aggregates in the basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebral cortex leading to rapid disease progression and death. The neurofibrillary tangles that define the neuropathology of PSP are comprised of aggregated 4R tau and show a well-defined distribution. Classically, PSP is diagnosed by symptoms that include progressive gait disturbance, early falls, vertical ophthalmoparesis, akinetic-rigid features, prominent bulbar dysfunction and fronto-subcortical dementia. There are currently no effective therapies for the treatment of this rapidly degenerating and debilitating disease. Davunetide is a novel neuroprotective peptide that is thought to impact neuronal integrity and cell survival through the stabilization of microtubules. Preclinical activity in models of tauopathy has been translated to clinical studies, demonstrating pharmacologic activity that has supported further development. Davunetide's efficacy and tolerability are being tested in a placebo-controlled study in PSP patients, making it the most advanced drug candidate in this indication. This review examines the disease characteristics of PSP, the rationale for treating PSP with davunetide and assesses some of the challenges of clinical trials in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Lorenzl
- Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Munich University Hospital Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - David R Williams
- Van Cleef/Roet Centre for Nervous Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Illana Gozes
- Allon Therapeutics Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Dr Diana and Zelman Elton (Elbaum) Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, and the Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Neuroscience, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Lee VMY, Brunden KR, Hutton M, Trojanowski JQ. Developing therapeutic approaches to tau, selected kinases, and related neuronal protein targets. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2011; 1:a006437. [PMID: 22229117 PMCID: PMC3234455 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of the Alzheimer disease (AD) brain is the presence of inclusions within neurons that are comprised of fibrils formed from the microtubule-stabilizing protein tau. The formation of misfolded multimeric tau species is believed to contribute to the progressive neuron loss and cognitive impairments of AD. Moreover, mutations in tau have been shown to cause a form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration in which tau neuronal inclusions observed in the brain are similar to those seen in AD. Here we review the more compelling strategies that are designed to reduce the contribution of misfolded tau to AD neuropathology, including those directed at correcting a possible loss of tau function resulting from sequestration of cellular tau and to minimizing possible gain-of-function toxicities caused by multimeric tau species. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential benefits of tau-directed drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Mitochondrial dysfunction as a therapeutic target in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 45:684-9. [PMID: 21792607 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a sporadic and progressive neurodegenerative disease, most often leading to a symmetric, akinetic-rigid syndrome with prominent postural instability, vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, and cognitive decline. It belongs to the family of tauopathies and involves both cortical and subcortical structures. There is evidence from laboratory as well as in vivo studies suggesting that mitochondrial energy metabolism is impaired in PSP. Furthermore, several findings suggest that a failure in mitochondrial energy production might act as an upstream event in the chain of pathological events leading to the aggregation of tau and neuronal cell death. Agents targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have already shown a positive effect in a phase II study; however, further studies to verify these results need to be conducted. This review will focus on the pathophysiological concept of mitochondrial dysfunction in PSP and its possible role as a therapeutic target.
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Abstract
While the microtubule-binding capacity of the protein tau has been known for many years, new functions of tau in signaling and cytoskeletal organization have recently emerged. In this review, we highlight these functions and the potential roles of tau in neurodegenerative disease. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting various aspects of tau biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Morris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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50
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Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein modulates its own gene expression. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 46:33-9. [PMID: 21647709 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) could autoregulate its own expression. Both the endogenous ADNP gene and reporter gene constructs were analysed in response to overexpression of ADNP, supplied either as wild-type ADNP or a mutant form lacking the NAP motif, a motif which has neuroprotective properties. Overexpression of these two forms of ADNP resulted in both decreased endogenous ADNP expression and repressed ADNP promoter-directed reporter gene activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated the ability of ADNP to bind to its own promoter which is consistent with its action as a repressor of both promoter-supported and endogenous ADNP expression.
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