1
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Barreto GE. Repurposing of Tibolone in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1115. [PMID: 37509151 PMCID: PMC10377087 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterised by the accumulation of amyloid-beta and tau in the brain, leading to the progressive loss of memory and cognition. The causes of its pathogenesis are still not fully understood, but some risk factors, such as age, genetics, and hormones, may play a crucial role. Studies show that postmenopausal women have a higher risk of developing AD, possibly due to the decrease in hormone levels, especially oestrogen, which may be directly related to a reduction in the activity of oestrogen receptors, especially beta (ERβ), which favours a more hostile cellular environment, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, mainly affecting key processes related to transport, metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. Given the influence of hormones on biological processes at the mitochondrial level, hormone therapies are of clinical interest to reduce the risk or delay the onset of symptoms associated with AD. One drug with such potential is tibolone, which is used in clinics to treat menopause-related symptoms. It can reduce amyloid burden and have benefits on mitochondrial integrity and dynamics. Many of its protective effects are mediated through steroid receptors and may also be related to neuroglobin, whose elevated levels have been shown to protect against neurological diseases. Its importance has increased exponentially due to its implication in the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we discuss recent advances in tibolone, focusing on its mitochondrial-protective effects, and highlight how valuable this compound could be as a therapeutic alternative to mitigate the molecular pathways characteristic of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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2
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Blanco S, Martínez-Lara E, Siles E, Peinado MÁ. New Strategies for Stroke Therapy: Nanoencapsulated Neuroglobin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081737. [PMID: 36015363 PMCID: PMC9412405 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a global health and socio-economic problem. However, no efficient preventive and/or palliative treatments have yet been found. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an endogen neuroprotective protein, but it only exerts its beneficial action against stroke after increasing its basal levels. Therefore, its systemic administration appears to be an efficient therapy applicable to stroke and other neurodegenerative pathologies. Unfortunately, Ngb cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making its direct pharmacological use unfeasible. Thus, the association of Ngb with a drug delivery system (DDS), such as nanoparticles (NPs), appears to be a good strategy for overcoming this handicap. NPs are a type of DDS which efficiently transport Ngb and increase its bioavailability in the infarcted area. Hence, we previously built hyaluronate NPS linked to Ngb (Ngb-NPs) as a therapeutic tool against stroke. This nanoformulation induced an improvement of the cerebral infarct prognosis. However, this innovative therapy is still in development, and a more in-depth study focusing on its long-lasting neuroprotectant and neuroregenerative capabilities is needed. In short, this review aims to update the state-of-the-art of stroke therapies based on Ngb, paying special attention to the use of nanotechnological drug-delivering tools.
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3
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Freindorf M, Delgado AAA, Kraka E. CO bonding in hexa‐ and pentacoordinate carboxy‐neuroglobin: A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics and local vibrational mode study. J Comput Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Freindorf
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
| | | | - Elfi Kraka
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
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4
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Gorabi AM, Aslani S, Barreto GE, Báez-Jurado E, Kiaie N, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The potential of mitochondrial modulation by neuroglobin in treatment of neurological disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:471-477. [PMID: 33166649 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin is the third member of the globin family to be identified in 2000 in neurons of both human and mouse nervous systems. Neuroglobin is an oxygen-binding globin found in neurons within the central nervous system as well as in peripheral neurons, that produces a protective effect against hypoxic/ischemic damage induced by promoting oxygen availability within the mitochondria. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that impaired neuroglobin functioning is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Several in vitro and animal studies have reported the potential of neuroglobin upregulation in improving the neuroprotection through modulation of mitochondrial functions, such as ATP production, clearing reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting the dynamics of mitochondria, and controlling apoptosis. Neuroglobin acts as a stress-inducible globin, which has been associated hypoxic/ischemic insults where it acts to protect the heart and brain, providing a wide range of applicability in the treatment of human disorders. This review article discusses normal physiological functions of neuroglobin in mitochondria-associated pathways, as well as outlining how dysregulation of neuroglobin is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Eliana Báez-Jurado
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Non-Methylation-Linked Mechanism of REST-Induced Neuroglobin Expression Impacts Mitochondrial Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neuroscience 2019; 412:233-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Liu N, Yu Z, Xun Y, Shu P, Yue Y, Yuan S, Jiang Y, Huang Z, Yang X, Feng X, Xiang S, Wang X. Amyloid-β25-35 Upregulates Endogenous Neuroprotectant Neuroglobin via NFκB Activation in vitro. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:1163-1174. [PMID: 30010125 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) has been reported to be increased in early and moderately advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages but declined in the severe stage. However, its regulatory mechanisms and pathophysiological roles in the disease remain to be defined. In this study, we found that Ngb expression was significantly upregulated by low dose Aβ25-35, the neurotoxic fragment of Aβ1 - 40 and Aβ1 - 42, but was not further increased by a higher dose of Aβ25-35. Mutation analysis and supershift assay demonstrated that transcription factor Nuclear Factor κB (NFκB), κB2 and κB3 sites located in mouse Ngb promoter region were involved in dynamic regulation of Ngb expression in response to different doses of Aβ25-35 stimulation. In addition, we found that suppression of endogenous Ngb expression exacerbated Aβ25-35-induced neuronal cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results indicate that endogenous Ngb expression may be upregulated by low dose Aβ25-35, which is responsible for protecting against Aβ25-35-mediated neurotoxicity. These experimental findings suggest that upregulation of endogenous Ngb expression might be an effective intervention approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Xun
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Development Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Development Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiwei Yue
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shishan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Development Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Neuroglobin Expression Models as a Tool to Study Its Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5728129. [PMID: 31320982 PMCID: PMC6607734 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5728129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an evolutionary conserved member of the globin family with a primary expression in neurons of which the exact functions remain elusive. A plethora of in vivo and in vitro model systems has been generated to this day to determine the functional biological roles of Ngb. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion of the different Ngb models, covering animal and cellular models of both overexpression and knockout strategies. Intriguingly, an in-depth literature search of available Ngb expression models revealed crucial discrepancies in the outcomes observed in different models. Not only does the level of Ngb expression—either physiologically, overexpressed, or downregulated—alter its functional properties, the experimental setup, being in vitro or in vivo, does impact the functional outcome as well and, hence, whether or not a physiological and/or therapeutic role is ascribed to Ngb. These differences could highlight either technical or biological adaptations and should be considered until elucidation of the Ngb biology.
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Mitochondrial Neuroglobin Is Necessary for Protection Induced by Conditioned Medium from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Astrocytic Cells Subjected to Scratch and Metabolic Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5167-5187. [PMID: 30536184 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are specialized cells capable of regulating inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases or traumatic brain injury. In addition to playing an important role in neuroinflammation, these cells regulate essential functions for the preservation of brain tissue. Therefore, the search for therapeutic alternatives to preserve these cells and maintain their functions contributes in some way to counteract the progress of the injury and maintain neuronal survival in various brain pathologies. Among these strategies, the conditioned medium from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hMSCA) has been reported with a potential beneficial effect against several neuropathologies. In this study, we evaluated the potential effect of CM-hMSCA in a model of human astrocytes (T98G cells) subjected to scratch injury. Our findings demonstrated that CM-hMSCA regulates the cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TNF-α, downregulates calcium at the cytoplasmic level, and regulates mitochondrial dynamics and the respiratory chain. These actions are accompanied by modulation of the expression of different proteins involved in signaling pathways such as AKT/pAKT and ERK1/2/pERK, and may mediate the localization of neuroglobin (Ngb) at the cellular level. We also confirmed that Ngb mediated the protective effects of CM-hMSCA through regulation of proteins involved in survival pathways and oxidative stress. In conclusion, regulation of brain inflammation combined with the recovery of fundamental cellular aspects in the face of injury makes CM-hMSCA a promising candidate for the protection of astrocytes in brain pathologies.
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9
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Impact of A90P, F106L and H64V mutations on neuroglobin stability and ligand binding kinetics. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 24:39-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Van Acker ZP, Luyckx E, Dewilde S. Neuroglobin Expression in the Brain: a Story of Tissue Homeostasis Preservation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2101-2122. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Garza-Lombó C, Posadas Y, Quintanar L, Gonsebatt ME, Franco R. Neurotoxicity Linked to Dysfunctional Metal Ion Homeostasis and Xenobiotic Metal Exposure: Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1669-1703. [PMID: 29402131 PMCID: PMC5962337 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Essential metals such as copper, iron, manganese, and zinc play a role as cofactors in the activity of a wide range of processes involved in cellular homeostasis and survival, as well as during organ and tissue development. Throughout our life span, humans are also exposed to xenobiotic metals from natural and anthropogenic sources, including aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. It is well recognized that alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and an increased environmental/occupational exposure to xenobiotic metals are linked to several neurological disorders, including neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental alterations. Recent Advances: The redox activity of essential metals is key for neuronal homeostasis and brain function. Alterations in redox homeostasis and signaling are central to the pathological consequences of dysfunctional metal ion homeostasis and increased exposure to xenobiotic metals. Both redox-active and redox-inactive metals trigger oxidative stress and damage in the central nervous system, and the exact mechanisms involved are starting to become delineated. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we aim to appraise the role of essential metals in determining the redox balance in the brain and the mechanisms by which alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and exposure to xenobiotic metals disturb the cellular redox balance and signaling. We focus on recent literature regarding their transport, metabolism, and mechanisms of toxicity in neural systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Delineating the specific mechanisms by which metals alter redox homeostasis is key to understand the pathological processes that convey chronic neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1669-1703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska.,2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Yanahi Posadas
- 3 Departamentos de Farmacología y de, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México .,4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- 4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- 2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
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12
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Vasin MV, Ushakov IB, Bukhtiyarov IV. Stress Reaction and Biochemical Shock as Interrelated and Unavoidable Components in the Formation of High Radioresistance of the Body in Acute Hypoxia. BIOL BULL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359017060115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Fiocchetti M, Cipolletti M, Brandi V, Polticelli F, Ascenzi P. Neuroglobin and friends. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università Roma Tre; Rome Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Sezione dell'Università Roma Tre; Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica; Università Roma Tre; Rome Italy
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14
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Amri F, Ghouili I, Amri M, Carrier A, Masmoudi-Kouki O. Neuroglobin protects astroglial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. J Neurochem 2016; 140:151-169. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Amri
- Université de Tunis El Manar; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Tunisia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM); INSERM U1068; CNRS UMR7258; Aix-Marseille Université UM105; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy; Marseille France
| | - Ikram Ghouili
- Université de Tunis El Manar; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Université de Tunis El Manar; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Tunisia
| | - Alice Carrier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM); INSERM U1068; CNRS UMR7258; Aix-Marseille Université UM105; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy; Marseille France
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Université de Tunis El Manar; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Tunisia
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15
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Ascenzi P, di Masi A, Leboffe L, Fiocchetti M, Nuzzo MT, Brunori M, Marino M. Neuroglobin: From structure to function in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 52:1-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Guidolin D, Tortorella C, Marcoli M, Maura G, Agnati LF. Neuroglobin, a Factor Playing for Nerve Cell Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111817. [PMID: 27809238 PMCID: PMC5133818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death represents the final outcome of several pathological conditions of the central nervous system and available evidence suggests that in both acute injuries and neurodegenerative diseases it is often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, the possibility to prevent mitochondrial events involved in cell death might represent efficient tools to limit neuronal damage. In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the endogenous protein neuroglobin, since accumulating evidence showed that its high expression was associated with preserved mitochondrial function and to an increased survival of nerve cells in vitro and in vivo in a variety of experimental models of cell insult. The biological and structural features of neuroglobin and the mitochondria-related mechanisms of neuroglobin-induced neuroprotection will be here briefly discussed. In this respect, the inhibition of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis emerges as a key neuroprotective effect induced by the protein. These findings could open the possibility to develop efficient neuroglobin-mediated therapeutic strategies aimed at minimizing the neuronal cell death occurring in impacting neurological pathologies like stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy.
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova 16126, Italy.
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova 16126, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41121, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
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17
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Serpell CJ, Rutte RN, Geraki K, Pach E, Martincic M, Kierkowicz M, De Munari S, Wals K, Raj R, Ballesteros B, Tobias G, Anthony DC, Davis BG. Carbon nanotubes allow capture of krypton, barium and lead for multichannel biological X-ray fluorescence imaging. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13118. [PMID: 27782209 PMCID: PMC5095174 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The desire to study biology in situ has been aided by many imaging techniques. Among these, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping permits observation of elemental distributions in a multichannel manner. However, XRF imaging is underused, in part, because of the difficulty in interpreting maps without an underlying cellular 'blueprint'; this could be supplied using contrast agents. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be filled with a wide range of inorganic materials, and thus can be used as 'contrast agents' if biologically absent elements are encapsulated. Here we show that sealed single-walled CNTs filled with lead, barium and even krypton can be produced, and externally decorated with peptides to provide affinity for sub-cellular targets. The agents are able to highlight specific organelles in multiplexed XRF mapping, and are, in principle, a general and versatile tool for this, and other modes of biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Serpell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Reida N. Rutte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Kalotina Geraki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Elzbieta Pach
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Martincic
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Kierkowicz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia De Munari
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Kim Wals
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ritu Raj
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Belén Ballesteros
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Tobias
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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18
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Baez E, Echeverria V, Cabezas R, Ávila-Rodriguez M, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE. Protection by Neuroglobin Expression in Brain Pathologies. Front Neurol 2016; 7:146. [PMID: 27672379 PMCID: PMC5018480 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play an important role in physiological, metabolic, and structural functions, and when impaired, they can be involved in various pathologies including Alzheimer, focal ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. These disorders involve an imbalance in the blood flow and nutrients such as glucose and lactate, leading to biochemical and molecular changes that cause neuronal damage, which is followed by loss of cognitive and motor functions. Previous studies have shown that astrocytes are more resilient than neurons during brain insults as a consequence of their more effective antioxidant systems, transporters, and enzymes, which made them less susceptible to excitotoxicity. In addition, astrocytes synthesize and release different protective molecules for neurons, including neuroglobin, a member of the globin family of proteins. After brain injury, neuroglobin expression is induced in astrocytes. Since neuroglobin promotes neuronal survival, its increased expression in astrocytes after brain injury may represent an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism. Here, we review the role of neuroglobin in the central nervous system, its relationship with different pathologies, and the role of different factors that regulate its expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Baez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Marco Ávila-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - George E. Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Paul S, Arya A, Gangwar A, Bhargava K, Ahmad Y. Size restricted silymarin suspension evokes integrated adaptive response against acute hypoxia exposure in rat lung. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:139-51. [PMID: 27105952 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite its extraordinary antioxidant capacity, the clinical usage of silymarin has remained restricted to amelioration of hepatic pathology. Perhaps its low bioavailability and uneven bio-distribution, owing to its poor aqueous solubility, are two main causes that have dampened the clinical applicability and scope of this preparation. We took these two challenges and suggested an unexplored application of silymarin. Apart from liver, two of the most susceptible vital organs at the highest risk of oxidative stress are brain and lung, especially during reduced oxygen saturation (hypoxia) at anatomical level. Hypoxia causes excess generation of radicals primarily in the lungs as it is the first organ at the interphase of atmosphere and organism making it the most prone and vulnerable to oxidative stress and the first responder against hypobaric hypoxia. As our first objective, we improved the silymarin formulation by restricting its size to the lower threshold and then successfully tested the prophylactic and therapeutic action in rat lung challenged with simulated hypobaric hypoxia. After dose optimization, we observed that 50mg/kg BW silymarin as size restricted and homogenous aqueous suspension successfully minimized the reactive oxygen species and augmented the antioxidant defense by significant upregulation of catalase and superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione. Moreover, the well-established hypoxia markers and proteins related to hypoxia adaptability, hif1a and VEGF were differentially regulated conferring significant reduction in the inflammation caused by hypobaric hypoxia. We therefore report,the unexplored potential benefits of silymarin for preventing high altitude associated pathophysiology further paving its road to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhojit Paul
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Aditya Arya
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Anamika Gangwar
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Kalpana Bhargava
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Yasmin Ahmad
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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20
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Hackett MJ, Aitken JB, El-Assaad F, McQuillan JA, Carter EA, Ball HJ, Tobin MJ, Paterson D, de Jonge MD, Siegele R, Cohen DD, Vogt S, Grau GE, Hunt NH, Lay PA. Mechanisms of murine cerebral malaria: Multimodal imaging of altered cerebral metabolism and protein oxidation at hemorrhage sites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500911. [PMID: 26824064 PMCID: PMC4730848 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a multimodal biospectroscopic approach, we settle several long-standing controversies over the molecular mechanisms that lead to brain damage in cerebral malaria, which is a major health concern in developing countries because of high levels of mortality and permanent brain damage. Our results provide the first conclusive evidence that important components of the pathology of cerebral malaria include peroxidative stress and protein oxidation within cerebellar gray matter, which are colocalized with elevated nonheme iron at the site of microhemorrhage. Such information could not be obtained previously from routine imaging methods, such as electron microscopy, fluorescence, and optical microscopy in combination with immunocytochemistry, or from bulk assays, where the level of spatial information is restricted to the minimum size of tissue that can be dissected. We describe the novel combination of chemical probe-free, multimodal imaging to quantify molecular markers of disturbed energy metabolism and peroxidative stress, which were used to provide new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. In addition to these mechanistic insights, the approach described acts as a template for the future use of multimodal biospectroscopy for understanding the molecular processes involved in a range of clinically important acute and chronic (neurodegenerative) brain diseases to improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Hackett
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jade B. Aitken
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Fatima El-Assaad
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James A. McQuillan
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Carter
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Helen J. Ball
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Mark J. Tobin
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - David Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Martin D. de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Rainer Siegele
- Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - David D. Cohen
- Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Georges E. Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas H. Hunt
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A. Lay
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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21
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Interaction of apoNeuroglobin with heme–Aβ complexes relevant to Alzheimer’s disease. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:563-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Pushie MJ, Pickering I, Korbas M, Hackett MJ, George GN. Elemental and chemically specific X-ray fluorescence imaging of biological systems. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8499-541. [PMID: 25102317 PMCID: PMC4160287 DOI: 10.1021/cr4007297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jake Pushie
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ingrid
J. Pickering
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology
Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Canadian
Light Source Inc., 44
Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University
of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology
Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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24
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Taylor JM, Kelley B, Gregory EJ, Berman NEJ. Neuroglobin overexpression improves sensorimotor outcomes in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett 2014; 577:125-9. [PMID: 24642455 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a significant need for novel treatments that will improve traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. One potential neuroprotective mechanism is to increase oxygen binding proteins such as neuroglobin. Neuroglobin has a high affinity for oxygen, is an effective free radical scavenger, and is neuroprotective within the brain following hypoxia and ischemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether neuroglobin overexpression improves sensorimotor outcomes following TBI in transgenic neuroglobin overexpressing (NGB) mice. Additional study aims were to determine if and when an endogenous neuroglobin response occurred following TBI in wild-type (WT) mice, and in what brain regions and cell types the response occurred. Controlled cortical impact (CCI) was performed in adult (5 month) C57/BL6 WT mice, and NGB mice constitutively overexpressing neuroglobin via the chicken beta actin promoter coupled with the cytomegalovirus distal enhancer. The gridwalk task was used for sensorimotor testing of both WT and NGB mice, prior to injury, and at 2, 3, and 7 days post-TBI. NGB mice displayed significant reductions in the average number of foot faults per minute walking at 2, 3, and 7 days post-TBI when compared to WT mice at each time point. Neuroglobin mRNA expression was assessed in the injured cortex of WT mice prior to injury, and at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days post-TBI using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Neuroglobin mRNA was significantly increased at 7 days post-TBI. Immunostaining showed neuroglobin primarily localized to neurons and glial cells in the injured cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus of WT mice, while neuroglobin was present in all brain regions of NGB mice at 7 days post-TBI. These results showed that overexpression of neuroglobin reduced sensorimotor deficits following TBI, and that an endogenous increase in neuroglobin expression occurs during the subacute period. Increasing neuroglobin expression through novel therapeutic interventions during the acute period after TBI may improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Brian Kelley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Eugene J Gregory
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nancy E J Berman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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25
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Wang R, Halper-Stromberg E, Szymanski-Pierce M, Bassett SS, Avramopoulos D. Genetic determinants of neuroglobin transcription. Neurogenetics 2013; 15:65-75. [PMID: 24362753 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-013-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (NGB) is a neuron-specific vertebrate globin shown to protect against hypoxia, ischemia, oxidative stress and the toxic effects of Amyloid-beta. Following on our and others' results highlighting the importance of NGB expression in disease, we searched for genetic determinants of its expression. We found that a microRNA expressed with the NGB transcript shows significant target enrichments in the angiogenesis pathway and the Alzheimer disease/presenilin pathway. Using reporter constructs we identified potential promoter/enhancer elements between the transcription start site and 1,142 bp upstream. Using 184 post-mortem temporal lobe samples we replicated the reported negative effect of age, and after genotyping tagging SNPs we found one (rs981471) showing a significant correlation with the gene's expression and another (rs8014408) showing an interaction with age, the rare C allele being correlated with higher expression and faster decline. The two SNPs are towards the 3' end of NGB within the same LD block, 52 Kb apart and modestly correlated (r (2) = 0.5). Next generation sequencing of the same 184 temporal lobe samples and 79 confirmed AD patients across the entire gene region (including >12 Kb on the 3' and 5' flank) revealed limited coding variation, suggesting purifying selection of NGB, but did not identify regulatory or disease associated rare variants. A dinucleotide repeat in intron 1 with extensive evidence of functionality showed interesting but inconclusive results, as it was not amenable to further molecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, MRB-507, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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26
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Liu X, Gao Y, Yao H, Zhou L, Sun D, Wang J. Neuroglobin involvement in the course of arsenic toxicity in rat cerebellar granule neurons. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 155:439-46. [PMID: 24057451 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in drinking water results in a widespread environmental problem in the world, and the brain is a major target. Neuroglobin is a vertebrate heme protein regarded as playing neuroprotective role in hypoxia or oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) on primary cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) and detected neuroglobin (Ngb) expression in rat CGNs exposed to NaAsO2. Our results show that apoptosis was obviously induced by NaAsO2 treatment in rat CGNs by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species generation increased significantly in the cells exposed to NaAsO2, and the apoptotic effects could be partially reversed by antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Ngb protein and mRNA expression were significantly downregulated in rat CGNs shortly after NaAsO2 exposure and then upregulated after a longer time of exposure. Furthermore, mRNA expression changed more than protein expression and the toxic effect of NaAsO2 on Ngb expression is dose dependent. Higher Ngb expression was also detected in rat cerebellum, but not in other parts (cerebrum, hippocampus, and midbrain) of the brain exposed to NaAsO2 for 16 weeks. Taken together, cytotoxic effects of NaAsO2 on rat CGNs is induced at least partly by oxidative stress and Ngb may influence the course of arsenic toxicity in rat CGNs and rat cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), Harbin Medical University, 157# Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
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27
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Li WD, Sun Q, Zhang XS, Wang CX, Li S, Li W, Hang CH. Expression and cell distribution of neuroglobin in the brain tissue after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats: a pilot study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 34:247-55. [PMID: 24281943 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a member of the globin superfamily expressed mainly in the nervous system and retina of vertebrates. Accumulated evidence has clearly demonstrated that Ngb has a neuro-protective role enhancing cell viability under hypoxia and other types of oxidative stress. It was suggested that oxidant stress could play an important role in neuronal injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The present study aims to examine the expression of Ngb in the temporal cortex and its cellular localization after SAH. We used a prechiasmatic cistern model of SAH. Ngb expression was examined at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after SAH by western blot analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the localization of Ngb. Real-time PCR demonstrated that Ngb mRNA levels increased from 3 h after SAH, peaked at 6 h. Western blot showed Ngb protein levels were significantly increased in SAH groups in the temporal cortex and reached the peak at 24 h after SAH. The immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that Ngb was weakly expressed in the cortex in the control group while the enhanced expression of Ngb could be detected in the SAH groups. In addition, immunofluorescence results revealed that the over-expressed Ngb was located in the neuronal and microglia cell cytoplasm. These findings indicated that Ngb might play an important neuro-protective effect after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-De Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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28
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Nicolis S, Monzani E, Pezzella A, Ascenzi P, Sbardella D, Casella L. Neuroglobin Modification by Reactive Quinone Species. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1821-31. [DOI: 10.1021/tx4001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nicolis
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Monzani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio
Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Diego Sbardella
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sulla Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Via C. Ulpiani
27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Casella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sulla Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Via C. Ulpiani
27, 70126 Bari, Italy
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29
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Chen J, Marks E, Lai B, Zhang Z, Duce JA, Lam LQ, Volitakis I, Bush AI, Hersch S, Fox JH. Iron accumulates in Huntington's disease neurons: protection by deferoxamine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77023. [PMID: 24146952 PMCID: PMC3795666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine-encoding CAG expansion in the huntingtin gene. Iron accumulates in the brains of HD patients and mouse disease models. However, the cellular and subcellular sites of iron accumulation, as well as significance to disease progression are not well understood. We used independent approaches to investigate the location of brain iron accumulation. In R6/2 HD mouse brain, synchotron x-ray fluorescence analysis revealed iron accumulation as discrete puncta in the perinuclear cytoplasm of striatal neurons. Further, perfusion Turnbull’s staining for ferrous iron (II) combined with transmission electron microscope ultra-structural analysis revealed increased staining in membrane bound peri-nuclear vesicles in R6/2 HD striatal neurons. Analysis of iron homeostatic proteins in R6/2 HD mice revealed decreased levels of the iron response proteins (IRPs 1 and 2) and accordingly decreased expression of iron uptake transferrin receptor (TfR) and increased levels of neuronal iron export protein ferroportin (FPN). Finally, we show that intra-ventricular delivery of the iron chelator deferoxamine results in an improvement of the motor phenotype in R6/2 HD mice. Our data supports accumulation of redox-active ferrous iron in the endocytic / lysosomal compartment in mouse HD neurons. Expression changes of IRPs, TfR and FPN are consistent with a compensatory response to an increased intra-neuronal labile iron pool leading to increased susceptibility to iron-associated oxidative stress. These findings, together with protection by deferoxamine, support a potentiating role of neuronal iron accumulation in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Chen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Eileen Marks
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Barry Lai
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zhaojie Zhang
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - James A. Duce
- Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, the Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Linh Q. Lam
- Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Volitakis
- Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Hersch
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H. Fox
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Combined antiapoptotic and antioxidant approach to acute neuroprotection for stroke in hypertensive rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1215-24. [PMID: 23632970 PMCID: PMC3734772 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that targeting key points in the ischemic cascade with combined neuroglobin (Ngb) overexpression and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibition (SP600125) would offer greater neuroprotection than single treatment after in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation and in a randomized, blinded in vivo experimental stroke study using a clinically relevant rat strain. Male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and were divided into the following groups: tMCAO; tMCAO+control GFP-expressing canine adenovirus-2, CAVGFP; tMCAO+Ngb-expressing CAV-2, CAVNgb; tMCAO+SP600125; tMCAO+CAVNgb+SP600125; or sham procedure. Rats were assessed till day 14 for neurologic outcome before infarct determination. In vitro, combined lentivirus-mediated Ngb overexpression+SP600125 significantly reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis compared with single treatment(s) after hypoxia/reoxygenation in B50 cells. In vivo, infarct volume was significantly reduced by CAVNgb, SP600125, and further by CAVNgb+SP600125. The number of Ngb-positive cells in the peri-infarct cortex and striatum was significantly increased 14 days after tMCAO in animals receiving CAVNgb. Neurologic outcome, measured using a 32-point neurologic score, significantly improved with CAVNgb+SP600125 compared with single treatments at 14 days after tMCAO. Combined Ngb overexpression with JNK inhibition reduced hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured neurons and reduced infarct and improved neurologic outcome more than single therapy after in vivo experimental stroke in hypertensive rats.
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31
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Lin WP, Chen XW, Zhang LQ, Wu CY, Huang ZD, Lin JH. Effect of neuroglobin genetically modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on spinal cord injury in rabbits. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63444. [PMID: 23658829 PMCID: PMC3642116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the potentially protective effect of neuroglobin (Ngb) gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in rabbits. Methods A lentiviral vector containing an Ngb gene was constructed and used to deliver Ngb to BMSCs. Ngb gene-modified BMSCs were then injected at the SCI sites 24 hours after SCI. The motor functions of the rabbits were evaluated by the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan rating scale. Fluorescence microscopy, quantitative real-time PCRs, Western blots, malondialdehyde (MDA) tests, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated UTP end labeling assays were also performed. Results Ngb expression in the Ngb-BMSC group increased significantly. A more significant functional improvement was observed in the Ngb-BMSC group compared with those in the other groups. Traumatic SCI seemingly led to an increase in MDA level and number of apoptotic cells, which can be prevented by Ngb-BMSC treatment. Conclusion This study demonstrates that Ngb gene-modified BMSCs can strengthen the therapeutic benefits of BMSCs in reducing secondary damage and improving the neurological outcome after traumatic SCI. Therefore, the combined strategy of BMSC transplantation and Ngb gene therapy can be used to treat traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Da Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Mitochondrial mechanisms of neuroglobin's neuroprotection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:756989. [PMID: 23634236 PMCID: PMC3619637 DOI: 10.1155/2013/756989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an oxygen-binding globin protein that has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective against stroke and related neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of Ngb's neuroprotection remain largely undefined. Mitochondria play critical roles in multiple physiological pathways including cell respiration, energy production, free radical generation, and cellular homeostasis and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely involved in the pathogenesis of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Accumulating evidence showed that elevated Ngb level is associated with preserved mitochondrial function, suggesting that Ngb may play neuroprotective roles through mitochondria-mediated pathways. In this paper we briefly discuss the mitochondria-related mechanisms in Ngb's neuroprotection, especially those involved in ATP production, ROS generation and scavenging, and mitochondria-mediated cell death signaling pathways.
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Brittain T. The anti-apoptotic role of neuroglobin. Cells 2012; 1:1133-55. [PMID: 24710547 PMCID: PMC3901133 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heme-protein neuroglobin is expressed at high concentrations in certain brain neurons and in the rod cells of the retina. This paper reviews the many studies which have recently identified a protective role for neuroglobin, in a wide range of situations involving apoptotic cell death. The origins of this protective mechanism are discussed in terms of both experimental results and computational modeling of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, which shows that neuroglobin can intervene in this process by a reaction with released mitochondrial cytochrome c. An integrated model, based on the various molecular actions of both neuroglobin and cytochrome c, is developed, which accounts for the cellular distribution of neuroglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brittain
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland,1142, New Zealand.
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Liu N, Yu Z, Li Y, Yuan J, Zhang J, Xiang S, Wang X. Transcriptional regulation of mouse neuroglobin gene by cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) in N2a cells. Neurosci Lett 2012. [PMID: 23182882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) has been demonstrated to be a novel neuroprotective protein that protects against hypoxia/ischemia and oxidative stress-induced injury in the nervous system. However, the regulation mechanisms of Ngb gene expression under both normal resting and stress conditions have not been fully elucidated. The cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key transcription factor that regulates a variety of pro-survival genes, but its role in regulating the neuroprotective gene Ngb has not been studied. In this study we investigated the transcriptional regulation of mouse Ngb gene by CREB in mouse neuroblastoma cell line N2a. Our results showed that CREB knockdown decreased Ngb gene expression, and overexpression of the wild-type CREB, but not the mutant CREB, significantly increased Ngb gene expression in N2a cells. Moreover, a cAMP response element (CRE) site located at -854 in the promoter region of mouse Ngb gene was found to be responsible for both basal and CREB-induced Ngb promoter activity. Using chromatin immunopreciptation (ChIP) assays, we found that CREB could bind to the Ngb promoter region spanning from -1016 to -793 that harbors the CRE site. Taken together, our results suggested that transcription factor CREB participates in the transcriptional regulation of mouse Ngb gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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35
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Szczerbowska-Boruchowska M, Krygowska-Wajs A, Ziomber A, Thor P, Wrobel P, Bukowczan M, Zizak I. The influence of electrical stimulation of vagus nerve on elemental composition of dopamine related brain structures in rats. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:156-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu M, Yang Y, Zhang J. Levels of neuroglobin in serum and neurocognitive impairments in Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2012; 17:573-82. [PMID: 22674396 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-012-0723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of different severities of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cognition has not well been documented. Neuroglobin, a recently discovered vertebrate protein, shows a neuroprotective function to modulate hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This study investigated the cognitive function of patients with varying OSA severities and intended to explore the relationship between levels of neuroglobin in serum and cognitive deficits of OSA. METHODS Sixty Chinese adults aged 18-59 years old were enrolled and categorized into four groups based on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): primary snoring (n = 7), mild (n = 13), moderate (n = 20), and severe (n = 20) OSA groups. Computer-based neurocognitive tests (including calculation, memory, and attention) and Epworth sleepiness scale were administered before polysomnographic monitoring, and blood sample was taken the next morning. Concentrations of serum neuroglobin were measured using ELISA. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in cognitive function regardless of OSA severities, but patients with moderate and severe OSA presented significantly more sleepiness than patients with primary snoring and mild OSA. Memory significantly correlated with time spent with oxygen saturation below 90 % during nighttime (T < 90 %), as well as oxygen desaturation index, AHI, or NREM sleep. Calculation correlated significantly with sleepiness and respiratory arousal index. Levels of neuroglobin in serum of patients with varying OSA severities were significant elevated than that of patients with primary snoring. No relationship was found between the neurobehavioral ability index of neurocognitive tests and serum neuroglobin concentrations after controlling for gender, age, and BMI, whereas the unique association between levels of neuroglobin in serum and the scores of auditory digit span test was noted. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that different neurocognitive domains might specifically correlate to either sleepiness or hypoxemia. Changes of concentrations of neuroglobin in serum may possibly be used as an indicator to monitor the brain damage of OSA. Further investigations are needed to explore the relationship between regulation of neuroglobin in serum and severity of brain damage in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City 430071, Hubei Province, China
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Skommer J, Brittain T. Extended survival of SH-SY5Y cells following overexpression of Lys67Glu neuroglobin is associated with stabilization of ΔψM. Cytometry A 2012; 81:602-10. [PMID: 22467552 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates that a high level of expression of the protein neuroglobin protects neurons in vitro, in animal models, and in humans, against cell death associated with hypoxic and amyloid insult. We have previously showed that neuroglobin protects neuronal cells from the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis induced by the BH3 mimetic, by preventing cytochrome c-triggered activation of caspase 9. Here, using cell and molecular biology approaches, we generated a particular neuroglobin mutant, Lys67Glu, overexpression of which confers a significant protection from the BH3 mimetic (TW-37)-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The cumulative inhibition of caspase 9 activation is significantly enhanced in Lys67Glu neuroglobin-expressing cells, as compared to wild-type neuroglobin expressing cells. A multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of TW-37-treated cells revealed that inhibition of caspase 9 activity by Lys67Glu neuroglobin is associated with the preservation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψ(M) ), as well as a decreased rate of cytochrome crelease from the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skommer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Brittain T, Skommer J. Does a redox cycle provide a mechanism for setting the capacity of neuroglobin to protect cells from apoptosis? IUBMB Life 2012; 64:419-22. [PMID: 22362590 DOI: 10.1002/iub.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that the various, previously reported, reactivities of neuroglobin with redox partners and oxygen provide for the establishment of a redox cycle within cells, such as neurons and retinal rod cells. Using native cell lysates, from cultured human cells of neuronal origin, we have estimated the rate of reduction of the oxidized form of neuroglobin in vivo. Furthermore we provide evidence that the cytosol of these cells contains factors (presumably enzymes) capable of employing either glutathione or NADH as re-reductants of ferric neuroglobin. Taken in conjunction with previous rate data, for the various redox reactions of neuroglobin, this information allows us to set up a computer model to estimate the steady state cellular level of the antiapoptotic ferrous form of neuroglobin. This model indicates that the steady state level of antiapoptotic neuroglobin is very sensitive to the cellular oxygen tension and moderately sensitive to the redox status of the cell. Further analysis indicates that such a system would be capable of significant modification, on the seconds time scale, following hypoxic transition, as is likely in stroke. We hypothesize that this mechanism might provide a moderately rapid mechanism for adjusting the antiapoptotic status of a cell, whilst the reaction of neuroglobin with mitochondrial cytochrome c provides a very rapid, but limited, capacity to intervene in the apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brittain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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39
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Synchrotron radiation induced X-ray emission studies of the antioxidant mechanism of the organoselenium drug ebselen. J Biol Inorg Chem 2012; 17:589-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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40
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The protective effects of the lentivirus-mediated neuroglobin gene transfer on spinal cord injury in rabbits. Spinal Cord 2011; 50:467-71. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Yu Z, Liu N, Wang Y, Li X, Wang X. Identification of neuroglobin-interacting proteins using yeast two-hybrid screening. Neuroscience 2011; 200:99-105. [PMID: 22079573 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a globin protein that is highly and specifically expressed in brain neurons. A large volume of evidence has proven that Ngb is a neuroprotective molecule against hypoxic/ischemic brain injury and other related neurological disorder; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Aiming to provide more clues in understanding the molecular mechanisms of Ngb's neuroprotection, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening to search for proteins that interact with Ngb. From a mouse brain cDNA library, we found totally 36 proteins that potentially interact with Ngb, and 10 of them were each identified in multiple positive clones. The shared sequences within these multiple clones are more likely to be Ngb-interacting domains. In primary cultured mouse cortical neurons, immuno-precipitation was performed to confirm the interactions of selected proteins with Ngb. The discovered Ngb-interacting proteins in this study include those involved in energy metabolism, mitochondria function, and signaling pathways for cell survival and proliferation. Our findings provide molecular targets for investigating protein interaction-based biological functions and neuroprotective mechanisms of Ngb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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First step toward the “fingerprinting” of brain tumors based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and multiple discriminant analysis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 16:1217-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brittain T, Skommer J, Henty K, Birch N, Raychaudhuri S. A role for human neuroglobin in apoptosis. IUBMB Life 2011; 62:878-85. [PMID: 21190290 DOI: 10.1002/iub.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, following the discovery of the human heme protein neuroglobin, many studies have searched for evidence for this protein's mechanism of action. Much data has accrued showing that high levels of neuroglobin will protect cells from apoptotic cell death, following a wide range of challenges. Various explanations of its actions, based on measured reactivity with oxygen, nitric oxide, or free radicals, have been proposed, but none have, as yet, been substantiated in vivo. Following preliminary experiments, it was previously hypothesised that "the central role of neuroglobin in highly metabolically active cells and retinal and brain neurons is to reset the trigger level of mitochondrial cytochrome c release necessary to commit the cells to apoptosis" (I.U.M.B.M. Life (2008) 60, 398). In this article, we review the evidence, which has accumulated to support this hypothesised mechanism of action of neuroglobin and integrate this data, with other reported intracellular functions of neuroglobin, to suggest a plausible central role for neuroglobin in the control of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brittain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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44
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Oleksiewicz U, Daskoulidou N, Liloglou T, Tasopoulou K, Bryan J, Gosney JR, Field JK, Xinarianos G. Neuroglobin and myoglobin in non-small cell lung cancer: expression, regulation and prognosis. Lung Cancer 2011; 74:411-8. [PMID: 21640426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Globins are respiratory proteins involved in oxygen metabolism, which is a critical factor in tumor growth and progression. The status of neuroglobin and myoglobin is largely unknown in human malignancies, including lung cancer. The aim of this study was to explore mRNA expression profiles, potential regulatory mechanisms and clinicopathological associations of neuroglobin and myoglobin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We screened 208 surgically resected NSCLC specimens and a panel of lung normal and cancer cell lines. The mRNA expression of neuroglobin, myoglobin and hypoxia markers (HIF1α and VEGFa) was measured with qRTPCR, while neuroglobin promoter methylation was assessed with Pyrosequencing. Neuroglobin and myoglobin were upregulated in the tumor samples compared to normal tissue (p=1.3×10(-22) and p=1.9×10(-9), respectively). Neuroglobin was more frequently overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCL) than adenocarcinomas. Overexpression of myoglobin was more profound in adenocarcinomas, which correlated with poor survival (p=0.013). Neuroglobin promoter was hypermethylated in 30.8% of NSCLC cases, which correlated with neuroglobin mRNA downregulation. The epigenetic regulation of neuroglobin was confirmed by treating lung cell lines with 5'azadeoxycytidine and/or trichostatin A. Expression of both genes correlated with the expression of HIF1α (neuroglobin: p=3.8×10(-5), myoglobin: p=1.1×10(-11)). Myoglobin expression was also associated to that of VEGFa (p=2.1×10(-7)). Hypoxia-dependent upregulation of both globins was validated in vitro. In summary, neuroglobin and myoglobin overexpression in NSCLC is associated with histological subtype, hypoxia and, in case of neuroglobin - epigenetic regulation. Myoglobin expression may have potential significance in the prognostication of lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Oleksiewicz
- University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
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Dietz GPH. Protection by neuroglobin and cell-penetrating peptide-mediated delivery in vivo: a decade of research. Comment on Cai et al: TAT-mediated delivery of neuroglobin protects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Exp Neurol. 2011; 227(1): 224-31. Exp Neurol 2011; 231:1-10. [PMID: 21620833 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, numerous studies have suggested that neuroglobin is able to protect against the effects of ischemia. However, such results have mostly been based on models using transgenic overexpression or viral delivery. As a therapy, new technology would need to be applied to enable delivery of high concentrations of neuroglobin shortly after the patient suffers the stroke. An approach to deliver proteins in ischemia in vivo in a timely manner is the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPP). CPP have been used in animal models for brain diseases for about a decade as well. In a recent issue of Experimental Neurology, Cai and colleagues test the effect of CPP-coupled neuroglobin in an in vivo stroke model. They find that the fusion protein protects the brain against the effect of ischemia when applied before stroke onset. Here, a concise review of neuroglobin research and the application of CPP peptides in hypoxia and ischemia is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar P H Dietz
- Dep. 851, Neurodegeneration II, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark.
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Chen LM, Xiong YS, Kong FL, Qu M, Wang Q, Chen XQ, Wang JZ, Zhu LQ. Neuroglobin attenuates Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation by activating Akt signaling. J Neurochem 2011; 120:157-64. [PMID: 21496024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a recently identified member of hemoglobin family, distributed mainly in central and peripheral nervous systems. Recent studies suggest that Ngb can protect neural cells from β-amyloid-induced toxicity in Alzheimer disease (AD). Hyperphosphorylation of tau is another characterized pathological hallmark in the AD brains; however, it is not reported whether Ngb also affects tau phosphorylation. In this study, we found that the level of Ngb was significantly reduced in Tg2576 mice (a recognized mouse model of AD) and TgMAPt mice, and the level of Ngb was negatively correlated with tau phosphorylation. Over-expression of Ngb attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple AD-related sites induced by up-regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a crucial tau kinase. While Ngb activates Akt and thus inhibits GSK-3β, simultaneously inhibition of Akt abolishes the effects of Ngb on GSK-3β inhibition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Our data indicate that Ngb may attenuate tau hyperphosphorylation through activating Akt signaling pathway, implying a therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Chen
- Pathophysiology Department, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of Education Committee of China, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Antao ST, Duong TTH, Aran R, Witting PK. Neuroglobin overexpression in cultured human neuronal cells protects against hydrogen peroxide insult via activating phosphoinositide-3 kinase and opening the mitochondrial K(ATP) channel. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:769-81. [PMID: 20367258 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cultured neurons tolerate low H(2)O(2) concentrations (< or =50 microM) through the activity of constitutive antioxidant response elements (ARE). At H(2)O(2) levels (> or =100 microM), neurons increase expression of the gene encoding for inducible hemoxygenase-1 while superoxide dismutase-2 and catalase remain unchanged. Despite this adaptive response, the endogenous antioxidant systems are overwhelmed, leading to decreased viability. Elevating the neuronal cell content of human neuroglobin (Ngb) prior to insult with 100 or 200 microM H(2)O(2) enhanced cell viability and this resulted in a significant decrease in oxidative stress and an increase in the intracellular ATP concentration, whereas in parental cells exposed to the same H(2)O(2)-insult, oxidative stress and ATP increased and decreased, respectively. The mechanism for this increase in ATP involves sustained activation of the mito-K(ATP) channel and an increase in phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt. Pharmacological inhibitors directed toward PI3K (wortmannin and LY294002), or the mito-K(ATP) channel (glybenclamide) inhibited the H(2)O(2)-mediated increase in ATP in cells overexpressing human Ngb and consequently cell viability decreased. Neuroglobin's ability to bolster the intracellular pool of ATP in response to added H(2)O(2) is central to the preservation of cytoskeletal integrity and cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane T Antao
- Redox Biology Group, Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Finney L, Chishti Y, Khare T, Giometti C, Levina A, Lay PA, Vogt S. Imaging metals in proteins by combining electrophoresis with rapid x-ray fluorescence mapping. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:577-87. [PMID: 20392082 DOI: 10.1021/cb1000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence points toward a very dynamic role for metals in biology. This suggests that physiological circumstance may mandate metal ion redistribution among ligands. This work addresses a critical need for technology that detects, identifies, and measures the metal-containing components of complex biological matrixes. We describe a direct, user-friendly approach for identifying and quantifying metal-protein adducts in complex samples using native- or SDS-PAGE, blotting, and rapid synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping with micro-XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) of entire blots. The identification and quantification of each metal bound to a protein spot has been demonstrated, and the technique has been applied in two exemplary cases. In the first, the speciation of the in vitro binding of exogenous chromium to blood serum proteins was influenced markedly by both the oxidation state of chromium exposed to the serum proteins and the treatment conditions, which is of relevance to the biochemistry of Cr dietary supplements. In the second case, in vivo changes in endogenous metal speciation were examined to probe the influence of oxygen depletion on iron speciation in Shewanella oneidensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Finney
- Biosciences Division and
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
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Chuang PY, Conley YP, Poloyac SM, Okonkwo DO, Ren D, Sherwood PR, Hravnak M, Alexander SA. Neuroglobin genetic polymorphisms and their relationship to functional outcomes after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27:999-1006. [PMID: 20345238 PMCID: PMC2943497 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin has shown rich neuroprotective effects against cerebral hypoxia, and therefore has the potential to impact outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, to date an association between genetic variation within the human neuroglobin (NGB) gene and recovery post-TBI has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between NGB genotypes and outcomes (as assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS], the Disability Rating Scale [DRS], and the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised [NRS-R]) after severe TBI. Genotyping using TaqMan allele discrimination for two tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) that represent the two haplotype blocks for NGB (rs3783988 and rs10133981) was completed on DNA obtained from 196 Caucasian patients recovering from severe TBI. Patients were dichotomized based on the presence of the variant allele for each tSNP. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare characteristics between groups. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine NGB tSNPs and recovery from severe TBI. Subjects with the TT genotype (wild-type) for rs3783988 were more likely to have better GOS and DRS scores at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, while rs10133981 genotype was not significantly related to functional outcome. After controlling for age, gender, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, those subjects with the rs3783988 TT genotype had more than a 2.65-times greater likelihood of better functional outcomes than individuals with genotypes harboring a variant allele. Data suggest that the haplotype block represented by rs3783988 in NGB appears to influence recovery after severe TBI. Represented within this haplotype block of NGB is the region that codes for the oxygen-binding portion of NGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Chuang
- Acute/Tertiary Care Department, Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Brittain T, Skommer J, Raychaudhuri S, Birch N. An antiapoptotic neuroprotective role for neuroglobin. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2306-21. [PMID: 20640154 PMCID: PMC2904918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11062306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death associated with mitochondrial dysfunction is common in acute neurological disorders and in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuronal apoptosis is regulated by multiple proteins, including neuroglobin, a small heme protein of ancient origin. Neuroglobin is found in high concentration in some neurons, and its high expression has been shown to promote survival of neurons in vitro and to protect brain from damage by both stroke and Alzheimer's disease in vivo. Early studies suggested this protective role might arise from the protein's capacity to bind oxygen or react with nitric oxide. Recent data, however, suggests that neither of these functions is likely to be of physiological significance. Other studies have shown that neuroglobin reacts very rapidly with cytochrome c released from mitochondria during cell death, thus interfering with the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Systems level computational modelling suggests that the physiological role of neuroglobin is to reset the trigger level for the post-mitochondrial execution of apoptosis. An understanding of the mechanism of action of neuroglobin might thus provide a rational basis for the design of new drug targets for inhibiting excessive neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brittain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland, NZ, USA; E-Mails: (J.S.); (N.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +64-9-373-75991; Fax: +64-9-373-7414
| | - Joanna Skommer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland, NZ, USA; E-Mails: (J.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Subadhip Raychaudhuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 Health Sciences Drive, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Nigel Birch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland, NZ, USA; E-Mails: (J.S.); (N.B.)
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