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Vural EH, Ozturk Fincan GS, Okcay Y, Askin CI, Gudul Bacanli M, Vural IM. Interaction of endocannabinoid system and cyclooxygenase metabolites with fatty acid amide hydrolase and cyclooxygenase enzyme activities on contractile responses in rat vas deferens tissue. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4123-4137. [PMID: 38032490 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system and prostaglandins are important modulators in the genitourinary system. This study aimed to investigate the possible interactions between the endocannabinoid system and the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway on rat vas deferens. For this purpose, the concentration responses of the endocannabinoid anandamide, prostaglandin F2α analog latanoprost, and prostaglandin E1 analog misoprostol on the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractile responses were obtained. The concentration responses to anandamide were obtained again in the presence of nonselective COX inhibitor flurbiprofen and prostaglandin analogs, while the concentration responses of latanoprost and misoprostol were obtained in the presence of cannabinoid receptor antagonists and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme inhibitor URB597. FAAH, COX-1, and COX-2 enzyme levels in vas deferens tissue samples were also determined. The cumulative addition of anandamide was not different from the vehicle; however, the EFS-induced contractile responses were significantly increased with the incubation of latanoprost or flurbiprofen in the prostatic portion. Flurbiprofen and misoprostol decreased FAAH enzyme levels in both portions of the vas deferens, while latanoprost induced the inhibition in the prostatic portion. The cumulative administration of latanoprost and misoprostol significantly enhanced the contractile responses in the prostatic portion. This effect of latanoprost was significantly antagonized by URB597 and AM251. The enhancing effect of misoprostol was antagonized by anandamide, URB597, AM251, and AM630. Anandamide, AM251, AM630, and URB597 decreased enzyme levels of COX-1 and COX-2 in both portions of the vas deferens. These results demonstrate an intricate crosstalk between endocannabinoids and prostaglandins in modulation of the vas deferens contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Hilal Vural
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Yagmur Okcay
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, 06018, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Celil Ilker Askin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Merve Gudul Bacanli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Mert Vural
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, 06018, Ankara, Türkiye.
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Tanaka M, Yagyu K, Sackett S, Zhang Y. Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Pharmacological Inhibition or Knockdown of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase in BV2 Microglial Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050491. [PMID: 31121907 PMCID: PMC6562696 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) has been recognized as a therapeutic target for several neurological diseases because its inhibition can exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by boosting the endogenous levels of N-acylethanolamines. However, previous studies have shown inconsistent results by pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of FAAH in response to inflammation. In this study we used two inhibitors, PF3845 and URB597, together with siRNA knockdown to characterize further the effects of FAAH inhibition in BV2 microglial cells. Treatment with PF3845 suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and down-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal PGE synthase. PF3845 reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines but had no effect on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory effects of URB597 were not as potent as those of PF3845. Knockdown of FAAH also suppressed PGE2 production and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Interestingly, FAAH knockdown enhanced expression of anti-inflammatory molecules in both the absence and presence of LPS treatment. The anti-inflammatory effects of FAAH inhibition and knockdown were not affected by the cannabinoid receptor antagonists or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) antagonists. Although inhibition and knockdown of FAAH have potent anti-inflammatory effects and possibly lead to the dynamic change of microglial gene regulation, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiei Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Kazuya Yagyu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Scott Sackett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Guo J, Wang J, Feng J. Aspirin resistance mediated by oxidative stress-induced 8-Isoprostaglandin F2. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 44:823-828. [PMID: 30989683 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Aspirin resistance refers to a patient's poor response to aspirin. There are many factors that can contribute to aspirin resistance, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, medication compliance, drug-drug interactions and inflammation. COMMENT Recently, oxidative stress-induced 8-isoprostaglandin F2α has attracted considerable attention because it is considered as a mechanism of aspirin resistance in many diseases, including coronary artery disease, neurology system disease, metabolic syndrome, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease. In these diseases, increased oxidative stress may promote platelet activation and reduce the efficacy of aspirin by producing excessive amounts of 8-isoprostaglandin F2α. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Given the wide clinical use of aspirin, it is essential to understand why some patients do not response to it. This article reviews current research on aspirin resistance mediated by oxidative stress-induced 8-isoprostaglandin F2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jiménez-Jiménez C, Lara-Chica M, Palomares B, Collado JA, Lopez-Miranda J, Muñoz E, Calzado MA. Effect of N-acyl-dopamines on beta cell differentiation and wound healing in diabetic mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1539-1551. [PMID: 30327197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N-acyl-dopamines are endolipids with neuroprotective, antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Previously, we showed the ability of these compounds to induce HIF-1α stabilization. Hypoxia and HIF-1α play an important role in the most relevant stages of diabetic pathogenesis. This work analyzes the possible role of these molecules on beta cell differentiation, insulin production and diabetic foot ulcer. Hypoxia response pathway has been characterized in beta-cell differentiation in rat pancreatic acinar cell line and human islet-derived precursor cells. Protein and mRNA expression of key proteins in this process have been analyzed, as well as those involved in beta cells reprogramming. The effect of N-acyl-dopamines on hypoxia response pathway, beta cells reprogramming and insulin production have been studied in both cell types, as well as its role in angiogenesis models in vitro and wound closure in type 2 diabetic mice. Our results show how the hypoxia response pathway is altered during beta cells differentiation, accompanied by an induction of the transcription factor HIF-1α. We demonstrate how some N-acyl-dopamines induce beta cell differentiation and insulin production in two different cell models. In parallel, these endolipids promote angiogenesis in vitro and wound closure in type 2 diabetic mice. These results provide a biological mechanism through which some endolipids could induce beta cell differentiation. We demonstrate how N-acyl-dopamines can modulate insulin production and, in parallel, reverse HIF-1α inhibition in a wound healing model in diabetic mice. Therefore, the potential use of the pharmacological modulation of N-acyl-dopamines may have implications for diabetes prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Jiménez-Jiménez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maribel Lara-Chica
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Palomares
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Collado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Lopez-Miranda
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Unidad de lípidos y aterosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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Paloczi J, Varga ZV, Hasko G, Pacher P. Neuroprotection in Oxidative Stress-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Endocannabinoid System Modulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:75-108. [PMID: 28497982 PMCID: PMC5984569 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Redox imbalance may lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and subsequent oxidative tissue damage, which is a critical event in the course of neurodegenerative diseases. It is still not fully elucidated, however, whether oxidative stress is the primary trigger or a consequence in the process of neurodegeneration. Recent Advances: Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the propagation of neuronal injury and consequent inflammatory response, which in concert promote development of pathological alterations characteristic of most common neurodegenerative diseases. CRITICAL ISSUES Accumulating recent evidence also suggests that there is an important interplay between the lipid endocannabinoid system [ECS; comprising the main cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors (CB1 and CB2), endocannabinoids, and their synthetic and metabolizing enzymes] and various key inflammatory and redox-dependent processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Targeting the ECS to modulate redox state-dependent cell death and to decrease consequent or preceding inflammatory response holds therapeutic potential in a multitude of oxidative stress-related acute or chronic neurodegenerative disorders from stroke and traumatic brain injury to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and multiple sclerosis, just to name a few, which will be discussed in this overview. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 75-108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Paloczi
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury (LCPTI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury (LCPTI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - George Hasko
- 2 Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey
| | - Pal Pacher
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury (LCPTI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
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Lawton SK, Xu F, Tran A, Wong E, Prakash A, Schumacher M, Hellman J, Wilhelmsen K. N-Arachidonoyl Dopamine Modulates Acute Systemic Inflammation via Nonhematopoietic TRPV1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1465-1475. [PMID: 28701511 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
N-Arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) is an endogenous lipid that potently activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which mediates pain and thermosensation. NADA is also an agonist of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. We have reported that NADA reduces the activation of cultured human endothelial cells by LPS and TNF-α. Thus far, in vivo studies using NADA have focused on its neurologic and behavioral roles. In this article, we show that NADA potently decreases in vivo systemic inflammatory responses and levels of the coagulation intermediary plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in three mouse models of inflammation: LPS, bacterial lipopeptide, and polymicrobial intra-abdominal sepsis. We also found that the administration of NADA increases survival in endotoxemic mice. Additionally, NADA reduces blood levels of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide but increases the neuropeptide substance P in LPS-treated mice. We demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory effects of NADA are mediated by TRPV1 expressed by nonhematopoietic cells and provide data suggesting that neuronal TRPV1 may mediate NADA's anti-inflammatory effects. These results indicate that NADA has novel TRPV1-dependent anti-inflammatory properties and suggest that the endovanilloid system might be targeted therapeutically in acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira K Lawton
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Alphonso Tran
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Erika Wong
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Arun Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Mark Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and .,Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
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7
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Grabiec U, Dehghani F. N-Arachidonoyl Dopamine: A Novel Endocannabinoid and Endovanilloid with Widespread Physiological and Pharmacological Activities. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2017; 2:183-196. [PMID: 29082315 PMCID: PMC5627668 DOI: 10.1089/can.2017.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) is a member of the family of endocannabinoids to which several other N-acyldopamines belong as well. Their activity is mediated through various targets that include cannabinoid receptors or transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)1. Synthesis and degradation of NADA are not yet fully understood. Nonetheless, there is evidence that NADA plays an important role in nociception and inflammation in the central and peripheral nervous system. The TRPV1 receptor, for which NADA is a potent agonist, was shown to be an endogenous transducer of noxious heat. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that NADA exerts protective and antioxidative properties in microglial cell cultures, cortical neurons, and organotypical hippocampal slice cultures. NADA is present in very low concentrations in the brain and is seemingly not involved in activation of the classical pathways. We believe that treatment with exogenous NADA during and after injury might be beneficial. This review summarizes the recent findings on biochemical properties of NADA and other N-acyldopamines and their role in physiological and pathological processes. These findings provide strong evidence that NADA is an effective agent to manage neuroinflammatory diseases or pain and can be useful in designing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Grabiec
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Blocking of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 potently reduces stress-induced depression in rat highlighting a pivotal role of lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2158. [PMID: 28526869 PMCID: PMC5438386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a complex and common mental disease, for which the pathology has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to provide knowledge about the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated lipid metabolism and inflammation. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (CPT1a) is a key molecule involved in lipid metabolism and mutations in CPT1a causing reduced function is hypothesized to have a protective role in the development of depression. Moreover, CPT1a is found to be upregulated in suicide patients with history of depression. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of CPT1a activity can be developed as an innovative treatment strategy for depression. Stress exposure combined with different pharmacological treatment regimens; Etomoxir, CPT1 blocker, and Escitalopram, a favoured antidepressant drug, was applied in state-of-the-art chronic mild stress model. Etomoxir treatment induced statistical significant reduction of anhedonic behavior compared to vehicle treatment (p < 0.0001) and reversed depression-like phenotype in 90% of the rats (p = 0.0007), whereas Escitalopram only proved 57% efficacy. Moreover, Etomoxir revealed downregulation of interferon-γ, interleukin-17α and tumor necrosis factor-α. This indicate that alteration in metabolism is pivotal in the pathogenesis of depression, since CPT1 blockage is highly efficient in treating anhedonia and inflammation, thereby opening up for a novel class of antidepressant medication.
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9
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Wang Y, Plastina P, Vincken JP, Jansen R, Balvers M, ten Klooster JP, Gruppen H, Witkamp R, Meijerink J. N-Docosahexaenoyl Dopamine, an Endocannabinoid-like Conjugate of Dopamine and the n-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid, Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Activation of Microglia and Macrophages via COX-2. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:548-557. [PMID: 28292183 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicate that the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contributes to an attenuated inflammatory status in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. To explain these effects, different mechanisms are being proposed, including those involving endocannabinoids and related signaling molecules. Many of these compounds belong to the fatty acid amides, conjugates of fatty acids with biogenic amines. Conjugates of DHA with ethanolamine or serotonin have previously been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and potentially neuroprotective properties. Here, we synthesized another amine conjugate of DHA, N-docosahexaenoyl dopamine (DHDA), and tested its immune-modulatory properties in both RAW 264.7 macrophages and BV-2 microglial cells. N-Docosahexaenoyl dopamine significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the chemokines macrophage-inflammatory protein-3α (CCL20) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), whereas its parent compounds, dopamine and DHA, were ineffective. Further exploration of potential effects of DHDA on key inflammatory mediators revealed that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA level and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were concentration-dependently inhibited in macrophages. In activated BV-2 cells, PGE2 production was also reduced, without changes in COX-2 mRNA levels. In addition, DHDA did not affect NF-kB activity in a reporter cell line. Finally, the immune-modulatory activities of DHDA were compared with those of N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and similar potencies were found in both cell types. Taken together, our data suggest that DHDA, a potentially endogenous endocannabinoid, may be an additional member of the group of immune-modulating n-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jean Paul ten Klooster
- Research Centre Technology & Innovation, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Carta AR, Mulas G, Bortolanza M, Duarte T, Pillai E, Fisone G, Vozari RR, Del-Bel E. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and neuroinflammation: do microglia and astrocytes play a role? Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:73-91. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Giovanna Mulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Terence Duarte
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Pillai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Retzius väg 8 17177 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rita Raisman Vozari
- INSERM U 1127; CNRS UMR 7225; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR S 1127; Institut Du Cerveau et de La Moelle Epiniére; ICM; Paris France
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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11
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Henry RJ, Kerr DM, Finn DP, Roche M. For whom the endocannabinoid tolls: Modulation of innate immune function and implications for psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:167-80. [PMID: 25794989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate the innate immune response to pathogens and are critical in the host defence, homeostasis and response to injury. However, uncontrolled and aberrant TLR activation can elicit potent effects on neurotransmission and neurodegenerative cascades and has been proposed to trigger the onset of certain neurodegenerative disorders and elicit detrimental effects on the progression and outcome of established disease. Over the past decade, there has been increasing evidence demonstrating that the endocannabinoid system can elicit potent modulatory effects on inflammatory processes, with clinical and preclinical evidence demonstrating beneficial effects on disease severity and symptoms in several inflammatory conditions. This review examines the evidence supporting a modulatory effect of endocannabinoids on TLR-mediated immune responses both peripherally and centrally, and the implications for psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Henry
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel M Kerr
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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12
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Cabral GA, Ferreira GA, Jamerson MJ. Endocannabinoids and the Immune System in Health and Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 231:185-211. [PMID: 26408161 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20825-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are bioactive lipids that have the potential to signal through cannabinoid receptors to modulate the functional activities of a variety of immune cells. Their activation of these seven-transmembranal, G protein-coupled receptors sets in motion a series of signal transductional events that converge at the transcriptional level to regulate cell migration and the production of cytokines and chemokines. There is a large body of data that supports a functional relevance for 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) as acting through the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) to inhibit migratory activities for a diverse array of immune cell types. However, unequivocal data that supports a functional linkage of anandamide (AEA) to a cannabinoid receptor in immune modulation remains to be obtained. Endocannabinoids, as typical bioactive lipids, have a short half-life and appear to act in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Their immediate effective action on immune function may be at localized sites in the periphery and within the central nervous system. It is speculated that endocannabinoids play an important role in maintaining the overall "fine-tuning" of the immune homeostatic balance within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Gabriela A Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Melissa J Jamerson
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Wedel J, Pallavi P, Stamellou E, Yard BA. N-acyl dopamine derivates as lead compound for implementation in transplantation medicine. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2014; 29:109-13. [PMID: 25576467 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conjugates of fatty acids with ethanolamine, amino acids or monoamine neurotransmitters occur widely in nature giving rise to so-called endocannabinoids. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol are the best characterized endocannabinoids activating both cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels (anandamide) or activating cannabinoid receptors only (2-arachidonoyl glycerol). TRPV1 is also activated by vanilloids, such as capsaicin, and endogenous neurolipins, e.g. N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and N-oleoyl dopamine (OLDA). Because donor dopamine treatment has shown to improve transplantation outcome in renal and heart recipients, this review will mainly focus on the biological activities of N-acyl dopamine derivates (NADD) as potential non-hemodynamic alternative for implementation in transplantation medicine. Hence the influence of NADD on transplantation relevant entities, i.e. cold inflicted injury, cytoprotection, I/R-injury, immune-modulation and inflammation will be summarized. The cytoprotective properties of endogenous endocannabinoids in this context will be briefly touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wedel
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Prama Pallavi
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Windeckstr. 98, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A Yard
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substance dependence disorder is a chronically relapsing condition characterised by neurobiological changes leading to loss of control in restricting a substance intake, compulsion and withdrawal syndrome. In the past few years, (endo)cannabinoids have been raised as a possible target in the aetiology of drug addiction. On the other hand, although the exact mechanisms of the genesis of addiction remain poorly understood, it is possible that neuroinflammation might also play a role in the pathophysiology of this condition. Studies demonstrated that (endo)cannabinoids act as immunomodulators by inhibiting cytokines production and microglial cell activation. Thus, in the present review, we explore the possible role of neuroinflammation on the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids on drug addiction. METHODS We conducted an evidence-based review of the literature in order to assess the role of cannabinoids on the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of addiction (terms: addiction, cannabinoids and inflammation). We searched PubMed and BioMedCentral databases up to April 2014 with no date restrictions. RESULTS In all, 165 eligible articles were included in the present review. Existing evidence suggests that disruption in cannabinoid signalling during the drug addiction process leads to microglial activation and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION The literature showed that inflammation and changes in endocannabinod signalling occur in drug abuse; however, it remains uncertain whether these changes are causally or coincidentally associated with addiction. Additional studies, therefore, are needed to elucidate the contribution of neuroinflammation on the behavioural and neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids on drug addiction.
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Soler-Torronteras R, Lara-Chica M, García V, Calzado MA, Muñoz E. Hypoximimetic activity of N-acyl-dopamines. N-arachidonoyl-dopamine stabilizes HIF-1α protein through a SIAH2-dependent pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2730-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Wilhelmsen K, Khakpour S, Tran A, Sheehan K, Schumacher M, Xu F, Hellman J. The endocannabinoid/endovanilloid N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 abate the inflammatory activation of human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13079-100. [PMID: 24644287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.536953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cannabinoids, such as Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, have been studied extensively for their psychoactive effects, it has become apparent that certain cannabinoids possess immunomodulatory activity. Endothelial cells (ECs) are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of organ injury in acute inflammatory disorders, such as sepsis, because they express cytokines and chemokines, which facilitate the trafficking of leukocytes to organs, and they modulate vascular barrier function. In this study, we find that primary human ECs from multiple organs express the cannabinoid receptors CB1R, GPR18, and GPR55, as well as the ion channel transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid type 1. In contrast to leukocytes, CB2R is only minimally expressed in some EC populations. Furthermore, we show that ECs express all of the known endocannabinoid (eCB) metabolic enzymes. Examining a panel of cannabinoids, we demonstrate that the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 and the eCB N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA), but neither anandamide nor 2-arachidonoylglycerol, reduce EC inflammatory responses induced by bacterial lipopeptide, LPS, and TNFα. We find that endothelial CB1R/CB2R are necessary for the effects of NADA, but not those of WIN55,212-2. Furthermore, transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid type 1 appears to counter the anti-inflammatory properties of WIN55,212-2 and NADA, but conversely, in the absence of these cannabinoids, its inhibition exacerbates the inflammatory response in ECs activated with LPS. These data indicate that the eCB system can modulate inflammatory activation of the endothelium and may have important implications for a variety of acute inflammatory disorders that are characterized by EC activation.
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Jin MC, Liu XW, Kim MR, Sok DE. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of N-acyl dopamines on Con A-stimulated splenocytes of BALB/c mouse. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen Jin
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Xi-Wen Liu
- Center of Laboratory; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji Jilin Provinc. China
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Eun Sok
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
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Inhibitory effect of N-Acyl dopamines on IgE-mediated allergic response in RBL-2H3 cells. Lipids 2013; 48:383-93. [PMID: 23377981 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, endogenous N-acyl dopamines have been found to show anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. However, the effect of the N-acyl dopamines on allergic responses was not reported. In this study, we investigated whether N-acyl dopamines might inhibit immunoglobulin E-mediated degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. When RBL-2H3 cells were exposed to palmitoyl dopamine (NP-DA), oleoyl dopamine (NO-DA) or arachidonoyl dopamine (NA-DA) at micromolar levels, all these compounds significantly inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase, a marker of degranulation, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In comparison, NP-DA, potently suppressing the release of β-hexosaminidase (IC50, 3.5 μM) and TNF-α (IC50, 2.2 μM), was more potent than NO-DA or NA-DA. Additionally, NP-DA markedly suppressed the formation of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4, corresponding to pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in asthma. In the mechanistic analyses, where the effect of NP-DA on the FcεRI cascade was examined, NP-DA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation and expression of Syk, but not Lyn. And, NP-DA also suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt. Further, NP-DA decreased the phosphorylation of cPLA2 and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), but not cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Based on these results, it is suggested that NP-DA exert anti-allergic effect on allergic response through suppressing the activation of Syk, ERK1/2, Akt, cPLA2 and 5-LO. Besides, a strong inhibition of COX-2 activity by NP-DA may be additional mechanism for its anti-allergic action. Such an anti-allergic action of N-acyl dopamines may contribute to further information about biological functions of N-acyl dopamines.
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Zogopoulos P, Vasileiou I, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. The neuroprotective role of endocannabinoids against chemical-induced injury and other adverse effects. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:246-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Zogopoulos
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens; Greece
| | - Ioanna Vasileiou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens; Greece
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens; Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens; Greece
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Vercelli CA, Aisemberg J, Cella M, Salazar AI, Wolfson ML, Franchi AM. Opposite effects of methanandamide on lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 and F2α synthesis in uterine explants from pregnant mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39532. [PMID: 22792180 PMCID: PMC3390336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PG) are effective abortifacients and are important mediators of lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-induced embryonic resorption (ER). Besides, anandamide (AEA) has been described as one of the major endocannabinoids present in the uterus suggesting that it might play a role in reproduction. It has been reported that high levels of AEA are associated with pregnancy failure and that LPS increases AEA production. Also, it has been observed that AEA modulates PG production in different tissues. In this sense, we studied whether LPS-induced PG production is modulated by AEA and we also assessed the effect of this endocannabinoid on PG metabolism in an in vitro model. Uterine explants from BALB/c implantation sites were cultured in the presence of LPS plus cannabinoid receptor (CB) specific antagonists and PG production was assessed. Then, we studied the effect of exogenous AEA on different steps of PG metabolic pathway. We showed that AEA is involved in LPS-induced PG biosynthesis. Also, we observed that AEA exerts opposite effects on PGE(2) and PGF(2α) biosynthesis, by inhibiting PGE(2) production and increasing PGF(2α) levels. We suggest that AEA could be involved in the mechanisms implicated in LPS-induced ER. A better understanding of how AEA could be affecting ER could help developing specific interventions to prevent this pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arachidonic Acids/administration & dosage
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Dinoprost/biosynthesis
- Dinoprostone/biosynthesis
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Pregnancy
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Uterus/drug effects
- Uterus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Vercelli
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Pregnancy and Labor, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (National Research Council-School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Cyclooxygenase-2 prostaglandins mediate anandamide-inhibitory action on nitric oxide synthase activity in the receptive rat uterus. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:174-9. [PMID: 22554772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide, an endocannabinoid, prostaglandins derived from cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), are relevant mediators of embryo implantation. We adopted a pharmacological approach to investigate if anandamide modulated NOS activity in the receptive rat uterus and if prostaglandins mediated this effect. As we were interested in studying the changes that occur at the maternal side of the fetal-maternal interface, we worked with uteri obtained from pseudopregnant rats. Females were sacrificed on day 5 of pseudopregnancy, the day in which implantation would occur, and the uterus was obtained. Anandamide (2 ng/kg, i.p.) inhibited NOS activity (P<0.001) and increased the levels of prostaglandin E(2) (P<0.001) and prostaglandin F(2α) (P<0.01). These effects were mediated via cannabinoid receptor type 2, as the pre-treatment with SR144528 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 antagonist, completely reverted anandamide effect on NOS activity and prostaglandin levels. The pre-treatment with a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin 2.5mg/kg, i.p.) or with selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (meloxicam 4 mg/kg, celecoxib 3mg/kg, i.p.) reverted anandamide inhibition on NOS, suggesting that prostaglandins are derived from cyclooxygenase-2 mediated anandamide effect. Thus, anandamide levels seemed to modulate NOS activity, fundamental for implantation, via cannabinoid receptor type 2 receptors, in the receptive uterus. This modulation depends on the production of cyclooxygenase-2 derivatives. These data establish cannabinoid receptors and cyclooxygenase enzymes as an interesting target for the treatment of implantation deficiencies.
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Grabiec U, Koch M, Kallendrusch S, Kraft R, Hill K, Merkwitz C, Ghadban C, Lutz B, Straiker A, Dehghani F. The endocannabinoid N-arachidonoyldopamine (NADA) exerts neuroprotective effects after excitotoxic neuronal damage via cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB(1)). Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:1797-807. [PMID: 22186081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids exert numerous effects in the CNS under physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoyldopamine (NADA) may protect neurons in excitotoxically lesioned organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC). OHSC were excitotoxically lesioned by application of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA, 50 μM) for 4 h and subsequently treated with different NADA concentrations (0.1 pM-50 μM) alone or in combination with cannabinoid receptor antagonists. NADA protected dentate gyrus granule cells and caused a slight reduction in the number of microglial cells. The number of degenerated neurons significantly decreased between 100 pM and 10 μM NADA (p < 0.05). To identify the responsive receptor type of NADA mediated neuroprotection, we applied the cannabinoid (CB) receptor 1 (CB(1)) inverse agonist/antagonist AM251, CB(2) inverse agonist/antagonist AM630, abnormal-cannabidiol (abn-CBD)-sensitive receptor antagonist O-1918, transient receptor potential channel V1 (TRPV1) antagonist 6-iodonordihydrocapsaicin and A1 (TRPA1) antagonist HC-030031. Neuroprotective properties of low (1 nM) but not high (10 μM) NADA concentrations were solely blocked by AM251 and were absent in CB(1)(-/-) mice. AM630, O-1918, 6-iodonordihydrocapsaicin and HC-030031 showed no effects at all NADA concentrations applied. Our findings demonstrate that NADA protects dentate gyrus granule cells by acting via CB(1). NADA reduced the number of microglial cells at distinct concentrations. TRPV1 and TRPA1 were not involved in NADA mediated neuroprotection. Thus, our data implicate that NADA mediated activation of neuronal CB(1) may serve as a novel pharmacological target to mitigate symptoms of neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Grabiec
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Navarrete CM, Pérez M, de Vinuesa AG, Collado JA, Fiebich BL, Calzado MA, Muñoz E. Endogenous N-acyl-dopamines induce COX-2 expression in brain endothelial cells by stabilizing mRNA through a p38 dependent pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:1805-14. [PMID: 20206142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells play an active role in maintaining cerebral blood flow, microvascular tone and blood brain barrier (BBB) functions. Endogenous N-acyl-dopamines like N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA) and N-oleoyl-dopamine (OLDA) have been recently identified as a new class of brain neurotransmitters sharing endocannabinoid and endovanilloid biological activities. Endocannabinoids are released in response to pathogenic insults and may play an important role in neuroprotection. In this study we demonstrate that NADA differentially regulates the release of PGE(2) and PGD(2) in the microvascular brain endothelial cell line, b.end5. We found that NADA activates a redox-sensitive p38 MAPK pathway that stabilizes COX-2 mRNA resulting in the accumulation of the COX-2 protein, which depends on the dopamine moiety of the molecule and that is independent of CB(1) and TRPV1 activation. In addition, NADA inhibits the expression of mPGES-1 and the release of PGE(2) and upregulates the expression of L-PGD synthase enhancing PGD(2) release. Hence, NADA and other molecules of the same family might be included in the group of lipid mediators that could prevent the BBB injury under inflammatory conditions and our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the anti-inflammatory activities of NADA in the central nervous system and its potential to design novel therapeutic strategies to manage neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Navarrete
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Avda de Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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