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Lin CH, Hsieh YS, Sun YC, Huang WH, Chen SL, Weng ZK, Lin TH, Wu YR, Chang KH, Huang HJ, Lee GC, Hsieh-Li HM, Lee-Chen GJ. Virtual Screening and Testing of GSK-3 Inhibitors Using Human SH-SY5Y Cells Expressing Tau Folding Reporter and Mouse Hippocampal Primary Culture under Tau Cytotoxicity. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:127-138. [PMID: 35790892 PMCID: PMC9810448 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is an important serine/threonine kinase that implicates in multiple cellular processes and links with the neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, structure-based virtual screening was performed to search database for compounds targeting GSK-3β from Enamine's screening collection. Of the top-ranked compounds, 7 primary hits underwent a luminescent kinase assay and a cell assay using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells expressing Tau repeat domain (TauRD) with pro-aggregant mutation ΔK280. In the kinase assay for these 7 compounds, residual GSK-3β activities ranged from 36.1% to 90.0% were detected at the IC50 of SB-216763. In the cell assay, only compounds VB-030 and VB-037 reduced Tau aggregation in SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 TauRD-DsRed folding reporter. In SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 TauRD, neither VB-030 nor VB-037 increased expression of GSK-3α Ser21 or GSK-3β Ser9. Among extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (P38) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (JNK) which modulate Tau phosphorylation, VB-037 attenuated active phosphorylation of P38 Thr180/Tyr182, whereas VB-030 had no effect on the phosphorylation status of ERK, AKT, P38 or JNK. However, both VB-030 and VB-037 reduced endogenous Tau phosphorylation at Ser202, Thr231, Ser396 and Ser404 in neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y expressing ΔK280 TauRD. In addition, VB-030 and VB-037 further improved neuronal survival and/or neurite length and branch in mouse hippocampal primary culture under Tau cytotoxicity. Overall, through inhibiting GSK-3β kinase activity and/or p-P38 (Thr180/Tyr182), both compounds may serve as promising candidates to reduce Tau aggregation/cytotoxicity for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Lin
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shao Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Han Huang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Kui Weng
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chiun Lee
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Lee GC), (Hsieh-Li HM), (Lee-Chen GJ), Tel:+886-2-7749-6351 (Lee GC), +886-2-7749-6354 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-7749-6359 (Lee-Chen GJ), Fax:+886-2-2931-2904 (Lee GC), +886-2-2931-2904 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-2931-2904 (Lee-Chen GJ)
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Lee GC), (Hsieh-Li HM), (Lee-Chen GJ), Tel:+886-2-7749-6351 (Lee GC), +886-2-7749-6354 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-7749-6359 (Lee-Chen GJ), Fax:+886-2-2931-2904 (Lee GC), +886-2-2931-2904 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-2931-2904 (Lee-Chen GJ)
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Lee GC), (Hsieh-Li HM), (Lee-Chen GJ), Tel:+886-2-7749-6351 (Lee GC), +886-2-7749-6354 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-7749-6359 (Lee-Chen GJ), Fax:+886-2-2931-2904 (Lee GC), +886-2-2931-2904 (Hsieh-Li HM), +886-2-2931-2904 (Lee-Chen GJ)
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2
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Moreno PMD, Ferreira AR, Salvador D, Rodrigues MT, Torrado M, Carvalho ED, Tedebark U, Sousa MM, Amaral IF, Wengel J, Pêgo AP. Hydrogel-Assisted Antisense LNA Gapmer Delivery for In Situ Gene Silencing in Spinal Cord Injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:393-406. [PMID: 29858074 PMCID: PMC5992461 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), nerve regeneration is severely hampered due to the establishment of a highly inhibitory microenvironment at the injury site, through the contribution of multiple factors. The potential of antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) to modify gene expression at different levels, allowing the regulation of cell survival and cell function, together with the availability of chemically modified nucleic acids with favorable biopharmaceutical properties, make AONs an attractive tool for novel SCI therapy developments. In this work, we explored the potential of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified AON gapmers in combination with a fibrin hydrogel bridging material to induce gene silencing in situ at a SCI lesion site. LNA gapmers were effectively developed against two promising gene targets aiming at enhancing axonal regeneration-RhoA and GSK3β. The fibrin-matrix-assisted AON delivery system mediated potent RNA knockdown in vitro in a dorsal root ganglion explant culture system and in vivo at a SCI lesion site, achieving around 75% downregulation 5 days after hydrogel injection. Our results show that local implantation of a AON-gapmer-loaded hydrogel matrix mediated efficient gene silencing in the lesioned spinal cord and is an innovative platform that can potentially combine gene regulation with regenerative permissive substrates aiming at SCI therapeutics and nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M D Moreno
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Salvador
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria T Rodrigues
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marília Torrado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva D Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ulf Tedebark
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, 75184 Uppsala, Sweden; SynMer AB, 17568 Järfälla, Sweden
| | - Mónica M Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Nerve Regeneration Group, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel F Amaral
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Liu Q, Zhang B, Liu C, Zhao D. Molecular mechanisms underlying the positive role of treadmill training in locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2016; 55:441-446. [PMID: 27922623 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the positive role of treadmill training (TMT) in locomotor recovery. METHODS GSE52763 microarray data were downloaded from GEO database, which was collected from the lumbar spinal cord samples of three groups of mice: mice subjected to contusive injury and killed 1 week after injury (I1), mice subjected to injury and killed 3 weeks after injury (I3), and mice subjected to injury and TMT beginning at week 1 and lasting until week 3 (T3). Differential expression analysis between I3 and I1, between T3 and I1 and between T3 and I3 were performed by T-test using R/LIMMA. Genes with |log2FC (fold change)|>0.58 and P-value<0.05 were considered as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Specific I3 vs I1 DEGs and T3 vs I1 DEGs were screened. Then TMT-induced specific DEGs were subject to functional and pathway enrichment analysis using DAVID online tool. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was also carried out using the STRING database. RESULTS Finally, 82 upregulated DEGs and 297 downregulated DEGs were found specifically induced by TMT. Specific upregulated DEGs were mostly enriched in response to organic substance and morphogenesis-related events, and specific downregulated DEGs were related to positive regulation of transcription. ATP2A1, PRKACA, ITPR2 and so on had high connection degree in the PPI network of the specific upregulated DEGs; FOS, GSK3B and so on had high degrees in the PPI network of the specific downregulated DEGs. CONCLUSION ATP2A1, C-FOS and GSK3B may have critical roles in the positive role of TMT in locomotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - C Liu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - D Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Reginensi D, Carulla P, Nocentini S, Seira O, Serra-Picamal X, Torres-Espín A, Matamoros-Angles A, Gavín R, Moreno-Flores MT, Wandosell F, Samitier J, Trepat X, Navarro X, del Río JA. Increased migration of olfactory ensheathing cells secreting the Nogo receptor ectodomain over inhibitory substrates and lesioned spinal cord. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2719-37. [PMID: 25708702 PMCID: PMC11113838 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation emerged some years ago as a promising therapeutic strategy to repair injured spinal cord. However, inhibitory molecules are present for long periods of time in lesioned spinal cord, inhibiting both OEC migration and axonal regrowth. Two families of these molecules, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG) and myelin-derived inhibitors (MAIs), are able to trigger inhibitory responses in lesioned axons. Mounting evidence suggests that OEC migration is inhibited by myelin. Here we demonstrate that OEC migration is largely inhibited by CSPGs and that inhibition can be overcome by the bacterial enzyme Chondroitinase ABC. In parallel, we have generated a stable OEC cell line overexpressing the Nogo receptor (NgR) ectodomain to reduce MAI-associated inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Results indicate that engineered cells migrate longer distances than unmodified OECs over myelin or oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp)-coated substrates. In addition, they also show improved migration in lesioned spinal cord. Our results provide new insights toward the improvement of the mechanisms of action and optimization of OEC-based cell therapy for spinal cord lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Reginensi
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Carulla
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Nocentini
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Seira
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Blusson Spinal Cord Centre and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xavier Serra-Picamal
- Integrative cell and tissue dynamics, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel Torres-Espín
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Edif. M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
- Grupo de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Matamoros-Angles
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalina Gavín
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CBM-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Laboratory, . Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigaciòn Médica en Red, Biomecánica, Biomateriales y Nanotecnologìa (CIBERBBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Edif. M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
- Grupo de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) are tau kinases and have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The 3D structures of these kinases are remarkably similar, which led us to hypothesize that both might be capable of binding cyclin proteins--the activating cofactors of all CDKs. CDK5 is normally activated by the cyclin-like proteins p35 and p39. By contrast, we show that GSK3β does not bind to p35 but unexpectedly binds to p25, the calpain cleavage product of p35. Indeed, overexpressed GSK3β outcompetes CDK5 for p25, whereas CDK5 is the preferred p35 partner. FRET analysis reveals nanometer apposition of GSK3β:p25 in cell soma as well as in synaptic regions. Interaction with p25 also alters GSK3β substrate specificity. The GSK3β:p25 interaction leads to enhanced phosphorylation of tau, but decreased phosphorylation of β-catenin. A partial explanation for this situation comes from in silico modeling, which predicts that the docking site for p25 on GSK3β is the AXIN-binding domain; because of this, p25 inhibits the formation of the GSK3β/AXIN/APC destruction complex, thus preventing GSK3β from binding to and phosphorylating β-catenin. Coexpression of GSK3β and p25 in cultured neurons results in a neurodegeneration phenotype that exceeds that observed with CDK5 and p25. When p25 is transfected alone, the resulting neuronal damage is blocked more effectively with a specific siRNA against Gsk3β than with one against Cdk5. We propose that the effects of p25, although normally attributed to activate CDK5, may be mediated in part by elevated GSK3β activity.
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Rocha DN, Brites P, Fonseca C, Pêgo AP. Poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) promotes axonal growth. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88593. [PMID: 24586346 PMCID: PMC3937290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian central nervous system (CNS) neurons do not regenerate after injury due to the inhibitory environment formed by the glial scar, largely constituted by myelin debris. The use of biomaterials to bridge the lesion area and the creation of an environment favoring axonal regeneration is an appealing approach, currently under investigation. This work aimed at assessing the suitability of three candidate polymers – poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(TMC-CL)) (11∶89 mol%) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) - with the final goal of using these materials in the development of conduits to promote spinal cord regeneration. Poly(L-lysine) (PLL) coated polymeric films were tested for neuronal cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth. At similar PLL film area coverage conditions, neuronal polarization and axonal elongation was significantly higher on P(TMC-CL) films. Furthermore, cortical neurons cultured on P(TMC-CL) were able to extend neurites even when seeded onto myelin. This effect was found to be mediated by the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway with impact on the collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4), suggesting that besides surface topography, nanomechanical properties were implicated in this process. The obtained results indicate P(TMC-CL) as a promising material for CNS regenerative applications as it promotes axonal growth, overcoming myelin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nogueira Rocha
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brites
- Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC – Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Seira O, Del Río JA. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) at the tip of neuronal development and regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:931-44. [PMID: 24158777 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gaining a basic understanding of the inhibitory molecules and the intracellular signaling involved in axon development and repulsion after neural lesions is of clear biomedical interest. In recent years, numerous studies have described new molecules and intracellular mechanisms that impair axonal outgrowth after injury. In this scenario, the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) in the axonal responses that occur after central nervous system (CNS) lesions began to be elucidated. GSK3β function in the nervous tissue is associated with neural development, neuron polarization, and, more recently, neurodegeneration. In fact, GSK3β has been considered as a putative therapeutic target for promoting functional recovery in injured or degenerative CNS. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the role of GSK3β during neuronal development and regeneration. In particular, we discuss GSK3β activity levels and their possible impact on cytoskeleton dynamics during both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Seira
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain,
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Vilches S, Vergara C, Nicolás O, Sanclimens G, Merino S, Varón S, Acosta GA, Albericio F, Royo M, Río JAD, Gavín R. Neurotoxicity of prion peptides mimicking the central domain of the cellular prion protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70881. [PMID: 23940658 PMCID: PMC3733940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of PrP(C) remain enigmatic, but the central domain, comprising highly conserved regions of the protein may play an important role. Indeed, a large number of studies indicate that synthetic peptides containing residues 106-126 (CR) located in the central domain (CD, 95-133) of PrP(C) are neurotoxic. The central domain comprises two chemically distinct subdomains, the charge cluster (CC, 95-110) and a hydrophobic region (HR, 112-133). The aim of the present study was to establish the individual cytotoxicity of CC, HR and CD. Our results show that only the CD peptide is neurotoxic. Biochemical, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy experiments demonstrated that the CD peptide is able to activate caspase-3 and disrupt the cell membrane, leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vilches
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vergara
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Nicolás
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Sanclimens
- Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Scientific Park of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Merino
- Department of Physicochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Varón
- Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Scientific Park of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerardo A. Acosta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Scientific Park of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A. Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalina Gavín
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Nocentini S, Reginensi D, Garcia S, Carulla P, Moreno-Flores MT, Wandosell F, Trepat X, Bribian A, del Río JA. Myelin-associated proteins block the migration of olfactory ensheathing cells: an in vitro study using single-cell tracking and traction force microscopy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1689-703. [PMID: 22205212 PMCID: PMC11114797 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Newly generated olfactory receptor axons grow from the peripheral to the central nervous system aided by olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). Thus, OEC transplantation has emerged as a promising therapy for spinal cord injuries and for other neural diseases. However, these cells do not present a uniform population, but instead a functionally heterogeneous population that exhibits a variety of responses including adhesion, repulsion, and crossover during cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Some studies report that the migratory properties of OECs are compromised by inhibitory molecules and potentiated by chemical gradients. Here, we demonstrated that rodent OECs express all the components of the Nogo receptor complex and that their migration is blocked by myelin. Next, we used cell tracking and traction force microscopy to analyze OEC migration and its mechanical properties over myelin. Our data relate the decrease of traction force of OEC with lower migratory capacity over myelin, which correlates with changes in the F-actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion distribution. Lastly, OEC traction force and migratory capacity is enhanced after cell incubation with the Nogo receptor inhibitor NEP1-40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nocentini
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Reginensi
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simón Garcia
- Integrative Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Carulla
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moreno-Flores
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBM-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBM-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CBM-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Integrative Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Bribian
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A. del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
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Eldar-Finkelman H, Martinez A. GSK-3 Inhibitors: Preclinical and Clinical Focus on CNS. Front Mol Neurosci 2011; 4:32. [PMID: 22065134 PMCID: PMC3204427 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2011.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity via pharmacological intervention has become an important strategy for treating neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. The known GSK-3 inhibitors are of diverse chemotypes and mechanisms of action and include compounds isolated from natural sources, cations, synthetic small-molecule ATP-competitive inhibitors, non-ATP-competitive inhibitors, and substrate-competitive inhibitors. Here we describe the variety of GSK-3 inhibitors with a specific emphasis on their biological activities in neurons and neurological disorders. We further highlight our current progress in the development of non-ATP-competitive inhibitors of GSK-3. The available data raise the hope that one or more of these drug design approaches will prove successful at stabilizing or even reversing the aberrant neuropathology and cognitive deficits of certain central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Eldar-Finkelman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Llorens F, Gil V, del Río JA. Emerging functions of myelin-associated proteins during development, neuronal plasticity, and neurodegeneration. FASEB J 2010; 25:463-75. [PMID: 21059749 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-162792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons have a limited regrowth capacity following injury. Myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) limit axonal outgrowth, and their blockage improves the regeneration of damaged fiber tracts. Three of these proteins, Nogo-A, MAG, and OMgp, share two common neuronal receptors: NgR1, together with its coreceptors [p75(NTR), TROY, and Lingo-1]; and the recently described paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB). These proteins impair neuronal regeneration by limiting axonal sprouting. Some of the elements involved in the myelin inhibitory pathways may still be unknown, but the discovery that blocking both PirB and NgR1 activities leads to near-complete release from myelin inhibition, sheds light on one of the most competitive and intense fields of neuroregeneration study in recent decades. In parallel with the identification and characterization of the roles and functions of these inhibitory molecules in axonal regeneration, data gathered in the field strongly suggest that most of these proteins have roles other than axonal growth inhibition. The discovery of a new group of interacting partners for myelin-associated receptors and ligands, as well as functional studies within or outside the CNS environment, highlights the potential new physiological roles for these proteins in processes, such as development, neuronal homeostasis, plasticity, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franc Llorens
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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