1
|
Urbanová V, Lu S, Kalinová E, Martins L, Kozelková T, Dyčka F, Ribeiro JM, Hajdušek O, Perner J, Kopáček P. From the fat body to the hemolymph: Profiling tick immune and storage proteins through transcriptomics and proteomics. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 165:104072. [PMID: 38185274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ticks are blood-feeding arachnids that are known to transmit various pathogenic microorganisms to their hosts. During blood feeding, ticks activate their metabolism and immune system to efficiently utilise nutrients from the host's blood and complete the feeding process. In contrast to insects, in which the fat body is known to be a central organ that controls essential metabolic processes and immune defense mechanisms, the function of the fat body in tick physiology is still relatively unexplored. To fill this gap, we sought to uncover the repertoire of genes expressed in the fat body associated with trachea (FB/Tr) by analyzing the transcriptome of individual, partially fed (previtellogenic) Ixodes ricinus females. The resulting catalog of individual mRNA sequences reveals a broad repertoire of transcripts encoding proteins involved in nutrient storage and distribution, as well as components of the tick immune system. To gain a detailed insight into the secretory products of FB/Tr specifically involved in inter-tissue transport and humoral immunity, the transcriptomic data were complemented with the proteome of soluble proteins in the hemolymph of partially fed female ticks. Among these proteins, the hemolipoglyco-carrier proteins were predominant. When comparing immune peptides and proteins from the fat body with those produced by hemocytes, we found that the fat body serves as a unique producer of certain immune components. Finally, time-resolved transcriptional regulation of selected immune transcripts from the FB/Tr was examined in response to experimental challenges with model microbes and analyzed by RT-qPCR. Overall, our data show that the fat body of ticks, similar to insects, is an important metabolic tissue that also plays a remarkable role in immune defense against invading microbes. These findings improve our understanding of tick biology and its impact on the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Urbanová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen Lu
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eliška Kalinová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Larissa Martins
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories - NIH/NIAID, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Tereza Kozelková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Dyčka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - José M Ribeiro
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ondřej Hajdušek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Perner
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kopáček
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eberwein AE, Kulkarni SS, Rushton E, Broadie K. Glycosphingolipids are linked to elevated neurotransmission and neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Niemann Pick type C. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050206. [PMID: 37815467 PMCID: PMC10581387 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid storage disease Niemann Pick type C (NPC) causes neurodegeneration owing primarily to loss of NPC1. Here, we employed a Drosophila model to test links between glycosphingolipids, neurotransmission and neurodegeneration. We found that Npc1a nulls had elevated neurotransmission at the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which was phenocopied in brainiac (brn) mutants, impairing mannosyl glucosylceramide (MacCer) glycosylation. Npc1a; brn double mutants had the same elevated synaptic transmission, suggesting that Npc1a and brn function within the same pathway. Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase inhibition with miglustat prevented elevated neurotransmission in Npc1a and brn mutants, further suggesting epistasis. Synaptic MacCer did not accumulate in the NPC model, but GlcCer levels were increased, suggesting that GlcCer is responsible for the elevated synaptic transmission. Null Npc1a mutants had heightened neurodegeneration, but no significant motor neuron or glial cell death, indicating that dying cells are interneurons and that elevated neurotransmission precedes neurodegeneration. Glycosphingolipid synthesis mutants also had greatly heightened neurodegeneration, with similar neurodegeneration in Npc1a; brn double mutants, again suggesting that Npc1a and brn function in the same pathway. These findings indicate causal links between glycosphingolipid-dependent neurotransmission and neurodegeneration in this NPC disease model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Eberwein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Swarat S. Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Emma Rushton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ratnayake OC, Chotiwan N, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Perera R. The buzz in the field: the interaction between viruses, mosquitoes, and metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1128577. [PMID: 37360524 PMCID: PMC10289420 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1128577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among many medically important pathogens, arboviruses like dengue, Zika and chikungunya cause severe health and economic burdens especially in developing countries. These viruses are primarily vectored by mosquitoes. Having surmounted geographical barriers and threat of control strategies, these vectors continue to conquer many areas of the globe exposing more than half of the world's population to these viruses. Unfortunately, no medical interventions have been capable so far to produce successful vaccines or antivirals against many of these viruses. Thus, vector control remains the fundamental strategy to prevent disease transmission. The long-established understanding regarding the replication of these viruses is that they reshape both human and mosquito host cellular membranes upon infection for their replicative benefit. This leads to or is a result of significant alterations in lipid metabolism. Metabolism involves complex chemical reactions in the body that are essential for general physiological functions and survival of an organism. Finely tuned metabolic homeostases are maintained in healthy organisms. However, a simple stimulus like a viral infection can alter this homeostatic landscape driving considerable phenotypic change. Better comprehension of these mechanisms can serve as innovative control strategies against these vectors and viruses. Here, we review the metabolic basis of fundamental mosquito biology and virus-vector interactions. The cited work provides compelling evidence that targeting metabolism can be a paradigm shift and provide potent tools for vector control as well as tools to answer many unresolved questions and gaps in the field of arbovirology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oshani C. Ratnayake
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Nunya Chotiwan
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Rushika Perera
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morimoto J, Wenzel M, Derous D, Henry Y, Colinet H. The transcriptomic signature of responses to larval crowding in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:539-554. [PMID: 36115064 PMCID: PMC10947363 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific competition at the larval stage is an important ecological factor affecting life-history, adaptation and evolutionary trajectory in holometabolous insects. However, the molecular pathways underpinning these ecological processes are poorly characterized. We reared Drosophila melanogaster at three egg densities (5, 60, and 300 eggs/mL) and sequenced the transcriptomes of pooled third-instar larvae. We also examined emergence time, egg-to-adult viability, adult mass, and adult sex-ratio at each density. Medium crowding had minor detrimental effects on adult phenotypes compared to low density and yielded 24 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including several chitinase enzymes. In contrast, high crowding had substantial detrimental effects on adult phenotypes and yielded 2107 DEGs. Among these, upregulated gene sets were enriched in sugar, steroid and amino acid metabolism as well as DNA replication pathways, whereas downregulated gene sets were enriched in ABC transporters, taurine, Toll/Imd signaling, and P450 xenobiotics metabolism pathways. Overall, our findings show that larval crowding has a large consistent effect on several molecular pathways (i.e., core responses) with few pathways displaying density-specific regulation (i.e., idiosyncratic responses). This provides important insights into how holometabolous insects respond to intraspecific competition during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Morimoto
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUnited Kingdom
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
- Institute of MathematicsKing's CollegeUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Marius Wenzel
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Davina Derous
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Youn Henry
- CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)—UMR 6553University of RennesRennesFrance
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Herve Colinet
- CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)—UMR 6553University of RennesRennesFrance
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Staab TA, McIntyre G, Wang L, Radeny J, Bettcher L, Guillen M, Peck MP, Kalil AP, Bromley SP, Raftery D, Chan JP. The lipidomes of C. elegans with mutations in asm-3/acid sphingomyelinase and hyl-2/ceramide synthase show distinct lipid profiles during aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:650-674. [PMID: 36787434 PMCID: PMC9970312 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism affects cell and physiological functions that mediate animal healthspan and lifespan. Lipidomics approaches in model organisms have allowed us to better understand changes in lipid composition related to age and lifespan. Here, using the model C. elegans, we examine the lipidomes of mutants lacking enzymes critical for sphingolipid metabolism; specifically, we examine acid sphingomyelinase (asm-3), which breaks down sphingomyelin to ceramide, and ceramide synthase (hyl-2), which synthesizes ceramide from sphingosine. Worm asm-3 and hyl-2 mutants have been previously found to be long- and short-lived, respectively. We analyzed longitudinal lipid changes in wild type animals compared to mutants at 1-, 5-, and 10-days of age. We detected over 700 different lipids in several lipid classes. Results indicate that wildtype animals exhibit increased triacylglycerols (TAG) at 10-days compared to 1-day, and decreased lysophoshatidylcholines (LPC). We find that 10-day hyl-2 mutants have elevated total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and increased LPCs compared to 10-day wildtype animals. These changes mirror another short-lived model, the daf-16/FOXO transcription factor that is downstream of the insulin-like signaling pathway. In addition, we find that hyl-2 mutants have poor oxidative stress response, supporting a model where mutants with elevated PUFAs may accumulate more oxidative damage. On the other hand, 10-day asm-3 mutants have fewer TAGs. Intriguingly, asm-3 mutants have a similar lipid composition as the long-lived, caloric restriction model eat-2/mAChR mutant. Together, these analyses highlight the utility of lipidomic analyses to characterize metabolic changes during aging in C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trisha A. Staab
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Grace McIntyre
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joycelyn Radeny
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | - Lisa Bettcher
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Melissa Guillen
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Margaret P. Peck
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | - Azia P. Kalil
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | | | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jason P. Chan
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li P, Tian Y, Du M, Xie Q, Chen Y, Ma L, Huang Y, Yin Z, Xu H, Wu X. Mechanism of Rotenone Toxicity against Plutella xylostella: New Perspective from a Spatial Metabolomics and Lipidomics Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:211-222. [PMID: 36538414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The botanical pesticide rotenone can effectively control target pest Plutella xylostella, yet insights into in situ metabolic regulation of P. xylostella toward rotenone remain limited. Herein, we demonstrated metabolic expression levels and spatial distribution of rotenone-treated P. xylostella using spatial metabolomics and lipidomics. Specifically, rotenone significantly affected purine and amino acid metabolisms, indicating that adenosine monophosphate and inosine were distributed in the whole body of P. xylostella with elevated levels, while guanosine 5'-monophosphate and tryptophan were significantly downregulated. Spatial lipidomics results indicated that rotenone may significantly destroy glycerophospholipids in cell membranes of P. xylostella, inhibit fatty acid biosynthesis, and consume diacylglycerol to enhance fat oxidation. These findings revealed that high toxicity of rotenone toward P. xylostella may be ascribed to negative effects on energy production and amino acid synthesis and damage to cell membranes, providing guidelines for the toxicity mechanism of rotenone on target pests and rational development of botanical pesticide candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongqing Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingyi Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingrong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianlian Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yudi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grundner M, Munjaković H, Tori T, Sepčić K, Gašperšič R, Oblak Č, Seme K, Guella G, Trenti F, Skočaj M. Ceramide Phosphoethanolamine as a Possible Marker of Periodontal Disease. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070655. [PMID: 35877858 PMCID: PMC9324278 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic oral inflammatory disorder initiated by pathobiontic bacteria found in dental plaques—complex biofilms on the tooth surface. The disease begins as an acute local inflammation of the gingival tissue (gingivitis) and can progress to periodontitis, which eventually leads to the formation of periodontal pockets and ultimately results in tooth loss. The main problem in periodontology is that the diagnosis is based on the assessment of the already obvious tissue damage. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the current diagnostics used to assess periodontal disease. Using lipidomic analyses, we show that both crucial periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, synthesize ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) species, membrane sphingolipids not typically found in vertebrates. Previously, it was shown that this particular lipid can be specifically detected by an aegerolysin protein, erylysin A (EryA). Here, we show that EryA can specifically bind to CPE species from the total lipid extract from P. gingivalis. Furthermore, using a fluorescently labelled EryA-mCherry, we were able to detect CPE species in clinical samples of dental plaque from periodontal patients. These results demonstrate the potential of specific periodontal pathogen-derived lipids as biomarkers for periodontal disease and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grundner
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (H.M.); (T.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Haris Munjaković
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (H.M.); (T.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Tilen Tori
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (H.M.); (T.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (H.M.); (T.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Rok Gašperšič
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.G.); (Č.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Čedomir Oblak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.G.); (Č.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Katja Seme
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.G.); (Č.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.G.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Trenti
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.G.); (F.T.)
| | - Matej Skočaj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (H.M.); (T.T.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-3203-395
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balbi T, Trenti F, Panevska A, Bajc G, Guella G, Ciacci C, Canonico B, Canesi L, Sepčić K. Ceramide Aminoethylphosphonate as a New Molecular Target for Pore-Forming Aegerolysin-Based Protein Complexes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:902706. [PMID: 35693554 PMCID: PMC9174665 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.902706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostreolysin A6 (OlyA6) is a 15 kDa protein produced by the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). It belongs to the aegerolysin family of proteins and binds with high affinity to the insect-specific membrane sphingolipid, ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE). In concert with its partnering protein with the membrane-attack-complex/perforin domain, pleurotolysin B (PlyB), OlyA6 can form bicomponent 13-meric transmembrane pores in artificial and biological membranes containing the aegerolysin lipid receptor, CPE. This pore formation is the main underlying molecular mechanism of potent and selective insecticidal activity of OlyA6/PlyB complexes against two economically important coleopteran plant pests: the western corn rootworm and the Colorado potato beetle. In contrast to insects, the main sphingolipid in cell membranes of marine invertebrates (i.e., molluscs and cnidarians) is ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP), a CPE analogue built on a phosphono rather than the usual phosphate group in its polar head. Our targeted lipidomic analyses of the immune cells (hemocytes) of the marine bivalve, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, confirmed the presence of 29.0 mol% CAEP followed by 36.4 mol% of phosphatidylcholine and 34.6 mol% of phosphatidylethanolamine. Further experiments showed the potent binding of OlyA6 to artificial lipid vesicles supplemented with mussel CAEP, and strong lysis of these vesicles by the OlyA6/PlyB mixture. In Mytilus haemocytes, short term exposure (max. 1 h) to the OlyA6/PlyB mixture induced lysosomal membrane destabilization, decreased phagocytic activity, increased Annexin V binding and oxyradical production, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione, indicating rapid damage of endo-lysosomal and plasma membranes and oxidative stress. Our data suggest CAEP as a novel high-affinity receptor for OlyA6 and a target for cytolytic OlyA6/PlyB complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Trenti
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Anastasija Panevska
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Bajc
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Kristina Sepčić, ; Laura Canesi,
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Kristina Sepčić, ; Laura Canesi,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Girard JR, Goins LM, Vuu DM, Sharpley MS, Spratford CM, Mantri SR, Banerjee U. Paths and pathways that generate cell-type heterogeneity and developmental progression in hematopoiesis. eLife 2021; 10:e67516. [PMID: 34713801 PMCID: PMC8610493 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of Drosophila lymph gland hematopoiesis are limited by the availability of cell-type-specific markers. Using a combination of bulk RNA-Seq of FACS-sorted cells, single-cell RNA-Seq, and genetic dissection, we identify new blood cell subpopulations along a developmental trajectory with multiple paths to mature cell types. This provides functional insights into key developmental processes and signaling pathways. We highlight metabolism as a driver of development, show that graded Pointed expression allows distinct roles in successive developmental steps, and that mature crystal cells specifically express an alternate isoform of Hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif/Sima). Mechanistically, the Musashi-regulated protein Numb facilitates Sima-dependent non-canonical, and inhibits canonical, Notch signaling. Broadly, we find that prior to making a fate choice, a progenitor selects between alternative, biologically relevant, transitory states allowing smooth transitions reflective of combinatorial expressions rather than stepwise binary decisions. Increasingly, this view is gaining support in mammalian hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet R Girard
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Lauren M Goins
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Dung M Vuu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Mark S Sharpley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Carrie M Spratford
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Shreya R Mantri
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Utpal Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shi XX, Zhu MF, Wang N, Huang YJ, Zhang MJ, Zhang C, Ali SA, Zhou WW, Zhang C, Mao C, Zhu ZR. Neutral Ceramidase Is Required for the Reproduction of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Front Physiol 2021; 12:629532. [PMID: 33716775 PMCID: PMC7943485 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids that have been implicated in insect development; however, their role in insect reproduction remains poorly understood. Here, we report the pivotal role of neutral ceramidase (NCER) in the female reproduction of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a significant pest in rice cultivation in Asia. LC-MS/MS demonstrated that, among different developmental stages of BPH, the levels of ceramides were highest in 1st instar nymphs and lowest in adults. The transcription of NCER was negatively correlated with the levels of ceramides at different developmental stages of BPH, in that the transcript levels of NCER were the highest, whereas ceramides levels were the lowest in BPH adults. Knocking down NCER through RNA interference (RNAi) increased the levels of ceramides in BPH females and ovaries, which resulted in a delay in oocyte maturation, a reduction in oviposition and egg hatching rate, as well as the production of vulnerable offspring. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assays showed mitochondrial deficiency and apoptosis in NCER-deficient oocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that NCER plays a crucial role in female reproduction in BPH, likely by regulating the levels of ceramides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Fei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,People's Government of Fenshui Town, Tonglu County, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Soomro A Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hanna L, Abouheif E. The origin of wing polyphenism in ants: An eco-evo-devo perspective. Curr Top Dev Biol 2021; 141:279-336. [PMID: 33602491 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of eusociality, where solitary individuals integrate into a single colony, is a major transition in individuality. In ants, the origin of eusociality coincided with the origin of a wing polyphenism approximately 160 million years ago, giving rise to colonies with winged queens and wingless workers. As a consequence, both eusociality and wing polyphenism are nearly universal features of all ants. Here, we synthesize fossil, ecological, developmental, and evolutionary data in an attempt to understand the factors that contributed to the origin of wing polyphenism in ants. We propose multiple models and hypotheses to explain how wing polyphenism is orchestrated at multiple levels, from environmental cues to gene networks. Furthermore, we argue that the origin of wing polyphenism enabled the subsequent evolution of morphological diversity across the ants. We finally conclude by outlining several outstanding questions for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hanna
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ehab Abouheif
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Consuegra J, Grenier T, Akherraz H, Rahioui I, Gervais H, da Silva P, Leulier F. Metabolic Cooperation among Commensal Bacteria Supports Drosophila Juvenile Growth under Nutritional Stress. iScience 2020; 23:101232. [PMID: 32563155 PMCID: PMC7305377 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota shapes animal growth trajectory in stressful nutritional environments, but the molecular mechanisms behind such physiological benefits remain poorly understood. The gut microbiota is mostly composed of bacteria, which construct metabolic networks among themselves and with the host. Until now, how the metabolic activities of the microbiota contribute to host juvenile growth remains unknown. Here, using Drosophila as a host model, we report that two of its major bacterial partners, Lactobacillus plantarum and Acetobacter pomorum, engage in a beneficial metabolic dialogue that boosts host juvenile growth despite nutritional stress. We pinpoint that lactate, produced by L. plantarum, is utilized by A. pomorum as an additional carbon source, and A. pomorum provides essential amino acids and vitamins to L. plantarum. Such bacterial cross-feeding provisions a set of anabolic metabolites to the host, which may foster host systemic growth despite poor nutrition. L. plantarum feeds lactate to A. pomorum A. pomorum supplies essential amino acids and vitamins to L. plantarum Microbiota metabolic dialogue boosts Drosophila's larval growth Lactate utilization by Acetobacter releases anabolic metabolites to larvae
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Consuegra
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5242, 69364 Cedex 07, Lyon, France.
| | - Théodore Grenier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5242, 69364 Cedex 07, Lyon, France
| | - Houssam Akherraz
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5242, 69364 Cedex 07, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Rahioui
- Laboratoire Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions, Université de Lyon, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, UMR0203, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hugo Gervais
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5242, 69364 Cedex 07, Lyon, France
| | - Pedro da Silva
- Laboratoire Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions, Université de Lyon, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, UMR0203, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Leulier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5242, 69364 Cedex 07, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kovilakath A, Jamil M, Cowart LA. Sphingolipids in the Heart: From Cradle to Grave. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:652. [PMID: 33042014 PMCID: PMC7522163 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and this has largely been driven by the increase in metabolic disease in recent decades. Metabolic disease alters metabolism, distribution, and profiles of sphingolipids in multiple organs and tissues; as such, sphingolipid metabolism and signaling have been vigorously studied as contributors to metabolic pathophysiology in various pathological outcomes of obesity, including cardiovascular disease. Much experimental evidence suggests that targeting sphingolipid metabolism may be advantageous in the context of cardiometabolic disease. The heart, however, is a structurally and functionally complex organ where bioactive sphingolipids have been shown not only to mediate pathological processes, but also to contribute to essential functions in cardiogenesis and cardiac function. Additionally, some sphingolipids are protective in the context of ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition to mechanistic contributions, untargeted lipidomics approaches used in recent years have identified some specific circulating sphingolipids as novel biomarkers in the context of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize recent literature on both deleterious and beneficial contributions of sphingolipids to cardiogenesis and myocardial function as well as recent identification of novel sphingolipid biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk prediction and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Maryam Jamil
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lauren Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lauren Ashley Cowart
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ceramide phosphoethanolamine, an enigmatic cellular membrane sphingolipid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1284-1292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
15
|
Nakano Y. Stories of spinster with various faces: from courtship rejection to tumor metastasis rejection. J Neurogenet 2019; 33:90-95. [PMID: 30939968 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2019.1586897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila spinster (spin) mutant was isolated as a mutant that showed abnormal morphology and function in the nervous system. The spin defect induces neural degeneration similar to human lysosomal storage diseases. Various studies have shown that Spin proteins are localized in lysosomes and participate in the late stages of the autophagic process. Vertebrates have three spinster orthologs, Spns1, Spns2, and Spns3. A defect in Spns1 caused a short lifespan with aberrant lysosomal function in zebrafish. Spns2 was originally isolated as the gene responsible for abnormal heart development and was identified as a sphingosine 1-phosphate transporter in zebrafish. An endothelial cell-specific defect in Spns2 resulted in impaired egress of lymphocytes and the prevention of tumor metastasis in mice. Herein, I reviewed the history of spin/Spns research and discussed the conserved and newly diverged spin/Spns function and possible implications for human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Nakano
- a Department of Genetics , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi XX, Zhang H, Chen M, Zhang YD, Zhu MF, Zhang MJ, Li FQ, Wratten S, Zhou WW, Mao C, Zhu ZR. Two sphingomyelin synthase homologues regulate body weight and sphingomyelin synthesis in female brown planthopper, N. lugens (Stål). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:253-263. [PMID: 30375099 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although sphingomyelins known to be are lipid constituents of the plasma membrane in vertebrates, much remains obscure about the metabolism of sphingomyelins in insects. With ultra performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we revealed for the first time that sphingomyelins are abundant in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), the brown planthopper (BPH), and their biosynthesis is carried out by sphingomyelin synthase-like protein 2 (SMSL2), which is homologous to sphingomyelin synthase-related protein (SMSr). Unlike other insect species, high concentrations of sphingomyelins rather than ceramide phosphoethanolamines exist in the BPH. Two putative genes, which are homologous to SMSr, are named Nilaparvata lugens SMS-like 1 (NlSMSL1) and 2 (NlSMSL2). Knockdowns of both NlSMSL2 and NlSMSL1 were conducted but only the first decreased concentrations of sphingomyelins in the BPH, indicating that NlSMSL2 plays a role in the biosynthesis of sphingomyelins. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed both NlSMSL1 and NlSMSL2 are highly expressed in BPH adults, with NlSMSL1 specifically highly expressed in reproductive organs (ovaries and testes) whereas NlSMSL2 was highly expressed in the malpighian tubules. The knockdown of NlSMSL1 or NlSMSL2 increased BPH female body weight but not that of males, suggesting sex-specific roles for SMSLs in influencing BPH body weight. The results suggest that NlSMSL2 catalyses the synthesis of sphingomyelins and maintains female BPH body weight through alteration of sphingolipid content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X-X Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - M Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y-D Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - M-F Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - M-J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - F-Q Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - S Wratten
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - W-W Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Mao
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Z-R Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abhyankar V, Kaduskar B, Kamat SS, Deobagkar D, Ratnaparkhi GS. Drosophila DNA/RNA methyltransferase contributes to robust host defense in aging animals by regulating sphingolipid metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.187989. [PMID: 30254027 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.187989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila methyltransferase (Mt2) has been implicated in the methylation of both DNA and tRNA. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of Mt2 activity leads to an age-dependent decline of immune function in the adult fly. A newly eclosed adult has mild immune defects that are exacerbated in a 15 day old Mt2-/- fly. The age-dependent effects appear to be systemic, including disturbances in lipid metabolism, changes in cell shape of hemocytes and significant fold-changes in levels of transcripts related to host defense. Lipid imbalance, as measured by quantitative lipidomics, correlates with immune dysfunction, with high levels of immunomodulatory lipids, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides, along with low levels of storage lipids. Activity assays on fly lysates confirm the age-dependent increase in S1P and concomitant reduction of S1P lyase activity. We hypothesize that Mt2 functions to regulate genetic loci such as S1P lyase and this regulation is essential for robust host defense as the animal ages. Our study uncovers novel links between age--dependent Mt2 function, innate immune response and lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varada Abhyankar
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Bhagyashree Kaduskar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Deepti Deobagkar
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India .,Center of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Girish S Ratnaparkhi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Monnier V, Llorens JV, Navarro JA. Impact of Drosophila Models in the Study and Treatment of Friedreich's Ataxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1989. [PMID: 29986523 PMCID: PMC6073496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been for over a century the model of choice of several neurobiologists to decipher the formation and development of the nervous system as well as to mirror the pathophysiological conditions of many human neurodegenerative diseases. The rare disease Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is not an exception. Since the isolation of the responsible gene more than two decades ago, the analysis of the fly orthologue has proven to be an excellent avenue to understand the development and progression of the disease, to unravel pivotal mechanisms underpinning the pathology and to identify genes and molecules that might well be either disease biomarkers or promising targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we aim to summarize the collection of findings provided by the Drosophila models but also to go one step beyond and propose the implications of these discoveries for the study and cure of this disorder. We will present the physiological, cellular and molecular phenotypes described in the fly, highlighting those that have given insight into the pathology and we will show how the ability of Drosophila to perform genetic and pharmacological screens has provided valuable information that is not easily within reach of other cellular or mammalian models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Monnier
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, UMR8251 CNRS, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Jose Vicente Llorens
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 96100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Navarro
- Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsbiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dietary rescue of lipotoxicity-induced mitochondrial damage in Peroxin19 mutants. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004893. [PMID: 29920513 PMCID: PMC6025876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in peroxin (PEX) genes lead to loss of peroxisomes, resulting in the formation of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs) and early lethality. Studying PBDs and their animal models has greatly contributed to our current knowledge about peroxisomal functions. Very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) accumulation has long been suggested as a major disease-mediating factor, although the exact pathological consequences are unclear. Here, we show that a Drosophila Pex19 mutant is lethal due to a deficit in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). Increased lipolysis mediated by Lipase 3 (Lip3) leads to accumulation of free fatty acids and lipotoxicity. Administration of MCFAs prevents lipolysis and decreases the free fatty acid load. This drastically increases the survival rate of Pex19 mutants without reducing VLCFA accumulation. We identified a mediator of MCFA-induced lipolysis repression, the ceramide synthase Schlank, which reacts to MCFA supplementation by increasing its repressive action on lip3. This shifts our understanding of the key defects in peroxisome-deficient cells away from elevated VLCFA levels toward elevated lipolysis and shows that loss of this important organelle can be compensated by a dietary adjustment. Peroxisomes are organelles that contain several enzymes and fatty acids required for many metabolic tasks in the cell, and upon peroxisome loss, their educts accumulate. One example is the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) with a chain length of more than 20 carbons. These fatty acids cannot be oxidized in mitochondria but are exclusively degraded in peroxisomes. Lowering increased VLCFA levels is sometimes attempted as a treatment option for human disorders with peroxisomal dysfunction, although its effectiveness remains unclear. Here, we have analyzed this process in Drosophila melanogaster and found that peroxisomal loss results not only in VLCFA accumulation but also in a reduction of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). We could show that this is due to a state of high lipolysis and increased mitochondrial activity. By supplementation with MCFAs from coconut oil, we were able to rescue mitochondrial damage and lethality observed in peroxisome-deficient flies. We found that this process is mediated by the ceramide synthase Schlank, which acts as a transcription factor and shuttles between nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to MCFA availability. We conclude that peroxisome loss triggers the accumulation of free fatty acids and mitochondrial damage in flies and that these effects can be rescued by a diet rich in MCFAs.
Collapse
|
20
|
Itonori S, Hashimoto K, Nakagawa M, Harada M, Suzuki T, Kojima H, Ito M, Sugita M. Structural analysis of neutral glycosphingolipids from the silkworm Bombyx mori and the difference in ceramide composition between larvae and pupae. J Biochem 2018; 163:201-214. [PMID: 29069405 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from the silkworm Bombyx mori were identified and GSL expression patterns between larvae and pupae were compared. The structural analysis of neutral GSLs from dried pupae revealed the following predominant species: Glcβ1Cer, Manβ4Glcβ1Cer, GlcNAcβ3Manβ4Glcβ1Cer, Galβ3Manβ4Glcβ1Cer, GalNAcα4Galβ3Manβ4Glcβ1Cer, GlcNAcβ3Galβ3Manβ4Glcβ1Cer, Galα4Galβ3Manβ4Glcβ1Cer and (GalNAcα4)1-4 GalNAcα4Galβ3Manβ4Glcβ1Cer. Lin-ear elongation of α4-GalNAc was observed at the non-reducing end of Galβ3Manβ4Glcβ1Cer with up to five GalNAc repeats. The arthro-series GSL GlcNAcβ3Manβ4Glcβ1Cer, a characteristic GSL-glycan sequence of other Arthropoda, was detected in silkworms. The main ceramide species in each purified GSL fraction were h20:0-d14:1 and h22:0-d14:1. GSL expression patterns in larvae and pupae were compared using thin-layer chromatography, which demonstrated differences among acidic, polar and neutral GSL fractions, while the zwitterionic fraction showed no difference. Neutral GSLs such as ceramides di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides in larvae showed less abundant than those in pupae. MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed that larval GSLs contained four types of ceramide species, whereas pupal GSLs contained only two types. The structural analysis of neutral GSLs from silkworms revealed a novel series of GSLs. The comparison of GSL expression patterns between larvae and pupae demonstrated differences in several fractions. Alterations in GSL ceramide composition between larvae and pupae were observed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Itonori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Education, Shiga University, 2-5-1, Hiratsu, Otsu, Shiga 520-0862, Japan
| | - Kyouhei Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Education, Shiga University, 2-5-1, Hiratsu, Otsu, Shiga 520-0862, Japan
| | - Mika Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Education, Shiga University, 2-5-1, Hiratsu, Otsu, Shiga 520-0862, Japan
| | - Masashi Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Education, Shiga University, 2-5-1, Hiratsu, Otsu, Shiga 520-0862, Japan
| | - Takae Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Education, Shiga University, 2-5-1, Hiratsu, Otsu, Shiga 520-0862, Japan
| | - Hisao Kojima
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Sugita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Education, Shiga University, 2-5-1, Hiratsu, Otsu, Shiga 520-0862, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chotiwan N, Andre BG, Sanchez-Vargas I, Islam MN, Grabowski JM, Hopf-Jannasch A, Gough E, Nakayasu E, Blair CD, Belisle JT, Hill CA, Kuhn RJ, Perera R. Dynamic remodeling of lipids coincides with dengue virus replication in the midgut of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006853. [PMID: 29447265 PMCID: PMC5814098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the first comprehensive analysis of the midgut metabolome of Aedes aegypti, the primary mosquito vector for arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses. Transmission of these viruses depends on their ability to infect, replicate and disseminate from several tissues in the mosquito vector. The metabolic environments within these tissues play crucial roles in these processes. Since these viruses are enveloped, viral replication, assembly and release occur on cellular membranes primed through the manipulation of host metabolism. Interference with this virus infection-induced metabolic environment is detrimental to viral replication in human and mosquito cell culture models. Here we present the first insight into the metabolic environment induced during arbovirus replication in Aedes aegypti. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we have analyzed the temporal metabolic perturbations that occur following dengue virus infection of the midgut tissue. This is the primary site of infection and replication, preceding systemic viral dissemination and transmission. We identified metabolites that exhibited a dynamic-profile across early-, mid- and late-infection time points. We observed a marked increase in the lipid content. An increase in glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acyls was coincident with the kinetics of viral replication. Elevation of glycerolipid levels suggested a diversion of resources during infection from energy storage to synthetic pathways. Elevated levels of acyl-carnitines were observed, signaling disruptions in mitochondrial function and possible diversion of energy production. A central hub in the sphingolipid pathway that influenced dihydroceramide to ceramide ratios was identified as critical for the virus life cycle. This study also resulted in the first reconstruction of the sphingolipid pathway in Aedes aegypti. Given conservation in the replication mechanisms of several flaviviruses transmitted by this vector, our results highlight biochemical choke points that could be targeted to disrupt transmission of multiple pathogens by these mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunya Chotiwan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Barbara G. Andre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Irma Sanchez-Vargas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - M. Nurul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Grabowski
- Markey Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Entomology Department Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Amber Hopf-Jannasch
- Metabolite Profiling Facility (MPF), Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Erik Gough
- Computational Life Sciences Core, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ernesto Nakayasu
- Metabolite Profiling Facility (MPF), Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Carol D. Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John T. Belisle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Hill
- Entomology Department Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Kuhn
- Markey Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Rushika Perera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Phan NTN, Munem M, Ewing AG, Fletcher JS. MS/MS analysis and imaging of lipids across Drosophila brain using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3923-3932. [PMID: 28389914 PMCID: PMC5437193 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are abundant biomolecules performing central roles to maintain proper functioning of cells and biological bodies. Due to their highly complex composition, it is critical to obtain information of lipid structures in order to identify particular lipids which are relevant for a biological process or metabolic pathway under study. Among currently available molecular identification techniques, MS/MS in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging has been of high interest in the bioanalytical community as it allows visualization of intact molecules in biological samples as well as elucidation of their chemical structures. However, there have been few applications using SIMS and MS/MS owing to instrumental challenges for this capability. We performed MS and MS/MS imaging to study the lipid structures of Drosophila brain using the J105 and 40-keV Ar4000+ gas cluster ion source, with the novelty being the use of MS/MS SIMS analysis of intact lipids in the fly brain. Glycerophospholipids were identified by MS/MS profiling. MS/MS was also used to characterize diglyceride fragment ions and to identify them as triacylglyceride fragments. Moreover, MS/MS imaging offers a unique possibility for detailed elucidation of biomolecular distribution with high accuracy based on the ion images of its fragments. This is particularly useful in the presence of interferences which disturb the interpretation of biomolecular localization. MS/MS was performed during time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis of Drosophila melongaster (fruit fly) to elucidate the structure and origin of different chemical species in the brain including a range of different phospholipid classes (PC, PI, PE) and di- and triacylglycerides (DAG & TAG) species where reference MS/MS spectra provided a potential means of discriminating between the isobaric [M-OH]+ ion of DAGs and the [M-RCO]+ ion of TAGs. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nhu T N Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marwa Munem
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sellin J, Schulze H, Paradis M, Gosejacob D, Papan C, Shevchenko A, Psathaki OE, Paululat A, Thielisch M, Sandhoff K, Hoch M. Characterization of Drosophila Saposin-related mutants as a model for lysosomal sphingolipid storage diseases. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:737-750. [PMID: 28389479 PMCID: PMC5483003 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are inherited diseases belonging to the class of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), which are characterized by the accumulation of indigestible material in the lysosome caused by specific defects in the lysosomal degradation machinery. While some LSDs can be efficiently treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), this is not possible if the nervous system is affected due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Sphingolipidoses in particular often present as severe, untreatable forms of LSDs with massive sphingolipid and membrane accumulation in lysosomes, neurodegeneration and very short life expectancy. The digestion of intralumenal membranes within lysosomes is facilitated by lysosomal sphingolipid activator proteins (saposins), which are cleaved from a prosaposin precursor. Prosaposin mutations cause some of the severest forms of sphingolipidoses, and are associated with perinatal lethality in mice, hampering studies on disease progression. We identify the Drosophila prosaposin orthologue Saposin-related (Sap-r) as a key regulator of lysosomal lipid homeostasis in the fly. Its mutation leads to a typical spingolipidosis phenotype with an enlarged endolysosomal compartment and sphingolipid accumulation as shown by mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography. Sap-r mutants show reduced viability with ∼50% survival to adulthood, allowing us to study progressive neurodegeneration and analyze their lipid profile in young and aged flies. Additionally, we observe a defect in sterol homeostasis with local sterol depletion at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, we find that autophagy is increased, resulting in the accumulation of mitochondria in lysosomes, concomitant with increased oxidative stress. Together, we establish Drosophila Sap-r mutants as a lysosomal storage disease model suitable for studying the age-dependent progression of lysosomal dysfunction associated with lipid accumulation and the resulting pathological signaling events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sellin
- LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development & Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Schulze
- LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, c/o Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie Paradis
- LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development & Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominic Gosejacob
- LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development & Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cyrus Papan
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterina Psathaki
- University of Osnabrück, Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- University of Osnabrück, Biology, EM unit, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Melanie Thielisch
- LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development & Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, c/o Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hoch
- LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development & Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nelson CS, Beck JN, Wilson KA, Pilcher ER, Kapahi P, Brem RB. Cross-phenotype association tests uncover genes mediating nutrient response in Drosophila. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:867. [PMID: 27809764 PMCID: PMC5095962 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-related diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Molecular diagnostics and targets of therapies to combat nutritional imbalance are urgently needed in the clinic. Invertebrate animals have been a cornerstone of basic research efforts to dissect the genetics of metabolism and nutrient response. We set out to use fruit flies reared on restricted and nutrient-rich diets to identify genes associated with starvation resistance, body mass and composition, in a survey of genetic variation across the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Results We measured starvation resistance, body weight and composition in DGRP lines on each of two diets and used several association mapping strategies to harness this panel of phenotypes for molecular insights. We tested DNA sequence variants for a relationship with single metabolic traits and with multiple traits at once, using a scheme for cross-phenotype association mapping; we focused our association tests on homologs of human disease genes and common polymorphisms; and we tested for gene-by-diet interactions. The results revealed gene and gene-by-diet associations between 17 variants and body mass, whole-body triglyceride and glucose content, or starvation resistance. Focused molecular experiments validated the role in body mass of an uncharacterized gene, CG43921 (which we rename heavyweight), and previously unknown functions for the diacylglycerol kinase rdgA, the huntingtin homolog htt, and the ceramide synthase schlank in nutrient-dependent body mass, starvation resistance, and lifespan. Conclusions Our findings implicate a wealth of gene candidates in fly metabolism and nutrient response, and ascribe novel functions to htt, rdgA, hwt and schlank. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3137-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Nelson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94947, USA
| | - Jennifer N Beck
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94947, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Wilson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94947, USA.,Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elijah R Pilcher
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94947, USA
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94947, USA. .,Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Rachel B Brem
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94947, USA. .,Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Busto GU, Guven-Ozkan T, Chakraborty M, Davis RL. Developmental inhibition of miR-iab8-3p disrupts mushroom body neuron structure and adult learning ability. Dev Biol 2016; 419:237-249. [PMID: 27634569 PMCID: PMC5204246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that inhibit protein expression post-transcriptionally. They have been implicated in many different physiological processes, but little is known about their individual involvement in learning and memory. We recently identified several miRNAs that either increased or decreased intermediate-term memory when inhibited in the central nervous system, including miR-iab8-3p. We report here a new developmental role for this miRNA. Blocking the expression of miR-iab8-3p during the development of the organism leads to hypertrophy of individual mushroom body neuron soma, a reduction in the field size occupied by axonal projections, and adult intellectual disability. We further identified four potential mRNA targets of miR-iab8-3p whose inhibition modulates intermediate-term memory including ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase, which may account for the behavioral effects produced by miR-iab8-3p inhibition. Our results offer important new information on a microRNA required for normal neurodevelopment and the capacity to learn and remember normally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germain U Busto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter FL 33458, USA.
| | - Tugba Guven-Ozkan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Molee Chakraborty
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter FL 33458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Facchini L, Losito I, Cataldi TRI, Palmisano F. Ceramide lipids in alive and thermally stressed mussels: an investigation by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:768-781. [PMID: 27479706 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-Fourier transform mass spectrometry was employed to study ceramide lipids occurring in mussels of sp. Mytilus galloprovincialis. Lipid extracts from alive mussels and mussels deliberately subjected to specific thermal treatments were analyzed. In particular, single and tandem MS measurements were performed on a hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer and then complemented by MS(n) analyses (n = 2, 3) achieved by a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. This approach enabled the characterization of 66 ceramide lipids, encompassing ceramide phosphoethanolamines (CPE), ceramide aminoethylphosphonates (CAEP) and N-monomethylated CAEP. The sphingoid and acyl chains of each ceramide lipid could be distinctly recognized in terms of numbers of carbon atoms and C=C bonds, and indications on the possible location of the latter on the sphingoid chain could be often inferred from fragmentation patterns. The occurrence of several species hydroxylated on the α carbon of the acyl chain was also discovered. On the other hand, the sphingoid chain of ceramide lipids was never found to be involved in oxidation processes, unless forced exposure of the mussel lipid extracts to atmospheric oxygen was performed. CPE(d19:3/16:0) and its hydroxylated form, CPE(d19:3/2-OH-16:0), were found to be the prevailing species among CPE, whereas CAEP(d18:2/16:0), CAEP(d19:3/16:0) and CAEP(d19:3/2-OH-16:0) were the most abundant CAEP. Finally, ceramide lipids showed a remarkably higher stability, compared with glycerophospholipids, in mussels subjected to different thermal treatments. This finding opens interesting perspectives on the role of ceramide-based lipids in the adaptation of aquatic organisms to thermal stresses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Facchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Palmisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nakazawa M, Matsubara H, Matsushita Y, Watanabe M, Vo N, Yoshida H, Yamaguchi M, Kataoka T. The Human Bcl-2 Family Member Bcl-rambo Localizes to Mitochondria and Induces Apoptosis and Morphological Aberrations in Drosophila. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157823. [PMID: 27348811 PMCID: PMC4922555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins play a central role in regulating apoptosis. We previously reported that human Bcl-rambo, also termed BCL2L13, localized to mitochondria and induced apoptosis when overexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. However, the physiological function of Bcl-rambo currently remains unclear. In the present study, human Bcl-rambo was ectopically expressed in Drosophila melanogaster. Bcl-rambo mainly localized to the mitochondria of Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells. The overexpression of Bcl-rambo, but not Bcl-rambo lacking a C-terminal transmembrane domain, induced apoptosis in S2 cells. Moreover, the ectopic expression of Bcl-rambo by a GAL4-UAS system induced aberrant morphological changes characterized by atrophied wing, split thorax, and rough eye phenotypes. Bcl-rambo induced the activation of effector caspases in eye imaginal discs. The rough eye phenotype induced by Bcl-rambo was partly rescued by the co-expression of p35, Diap1, and Diap2. By using this Drosophila model, we showed that human Bcl-rambo interacted genetically with Drosophila homologues of adenine nucleotide translocators and the autophagy-related 8 protein. The results of the present study demonstrated that human Bcl-rambo localized to mitochondria and at least regulated an apoptosis signaling pathway in Drosophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mako Nakazawa
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
| | - Hisanori Matsubara
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
| | - Nicole Vo
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion (CAIRP), Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion (CAIRP), Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion (CAIRP), Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
| | - Takao Kataoka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion (CAIRP), Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8585, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Phan NTN, Mohammadi AS, Dowlatshahi Pour M, Ewing AG. Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Drosophila Brain Using Matrix Sublimation versus Modification with Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1734-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nhu T. N. Phan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- National Center
Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amir Saeid Mohammadi
- National Center
Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Masoumeh Dowlatshahi Pour
- National Center
Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- National Center
Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pore-forming toxins: Properties, diversity, and uses as tools to image sphingomyelin and ceramide phosphoethanolamine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:576-92. [PMID: 26498396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) represent a unique class of highly specific lipid-binding proteins. The cytotoxicity of these compounds has been overcome through crystallographic structure and mutation studies, facilitating the development of non-toxic lipid probes. As a consequence, non-toxic PFTs have been utilized as highly specific probes to visualize the diversity and dynamics of lipid nanostructures in living and fixed cells. This review is focused on the application of PFTs and their non-toxic analogs as tools to visualize sphingomyelin and ceramide phosphoethanolamine, two major phosphosphingolipids in mammalian and insect cells, respectively. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Pore-Forming Toxins edited by Mauro Dalla Serra and Franco Gambale.
Collapse
|
30
|
Marella C, Torda AE, Schwudke D. The LUX Score: A Metric for Lipidome Homology. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004511. [PMID: 26393792 PMCID: PMC4578897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A lipidome is the set of lipids in a given organism, cell or cell compartment and this set reflects the organism’s synthetic pathways and interactions with its environment. Recently, lipidomes of biological model organisms and cell lines were published and the number of functional studies of lipids is increasing. In this study we propose a homology metric that can quantify systematic differences in the composition of a lipidome. Algorithms were developed to 1. consistently convert lipids structure into SMILES, 2. determine structural similarity between molecular species and 3. describe a lipidome in a chemical space model. We tested lipid structure conversion and structure similarity metrics, in detail, using sets of isomeric ceramide molecules and chemically related phosphatidylinositols. Template-based SMILES showed the best properties for representing lipid-specific structural diversity. We also show that sequence analysis algorithms are best suited to calculate distances between such template-based SMILES and we adjudged the Levenshtein distance as best choice for quantifying structural changes. When all lipid molecules of the LIPIDMAPS structure database were mapped in chemical space, they automatically formed clusters corresponding to conventional chemical families. Accordingly, we mapped a pair of lipidomes into the same chemical space and determined the degree of overlap by calculating the Hausdorff distance. We named this metric the ‘Lipidome jUXtaposition (LUX) score’. First, we tested this approach for estimating the lipidome similarity on four yeast strains with known genetic alteration in fatty acid synthesis. We show that the LUX score reflects the genetic relationship and growth temperature better than conventional methods although the score is based solely on lipid structures. Next, we applied this metric to high-throughput data of larval tissue lipidomes of Drosophila. This showed that the LUX score is sufficient to cluster tissues and determine the impact of nutritional changes in an unbiased manner, despite the limited information on the underlying structural diversity of each lipidome. This study is the first effort to define a lipidome homology metric based on structures that will enrich functional association of lipids in a similar manner to measures used in genetics. Finally, we discuss the significance of the LUX score to perform comparative lipidome studies across species borders. Because of their role in health and disease, lipids are often the focus of biochemical studies. Advances in analytical biochemistry have made it possible to detect all the lipids from a cell, tissue or organism (termed lipidome). Much of this research is based on model organisms, but it is difficult to transfer results from a fruit fly or yeast to human biochemistry. A central problem is that there is no agreed-upon method for comparing lipidomes. We have developed the LUX score, which enables us to determine the homology between lipidomes. All constituent lipids are first embedded in a chemical space according to their similarity to each other. When we treat all lipids as points in such a space, one can overlay different lipidomes and estimate their differences. We expect that this kind of metric will be useful for translating findings from model organisms to human diseases and in understanding fundamental biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chakravarthy Marella
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, SH, Germany
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, KA, India
| | - Andrew E. Torda
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, SH, Germany
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, KA, India
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, SH, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, TTU-Tb, Borstel, SH, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bhat HB, Ishitsuka R, Inaba T, Murate M, Abe M, Makino A, Kohyama-Koganeya A, Nagao K, Kurahashi A, Kishimoto T, Tahara M, Yamano A, Nagamune K, Hirabayashi Y, Juni N, Umeda M, Fujimori F, Nishibori K, Yamaji-Hasegawa A, Greimel P, Kobayashi T. Evaluation of aegerolysins as novel tools to detect and visualize ceramide phosphoethanolamine, a major sphingolipid in invertebrates. FASEB J 2015; 29:3920-34. [PMID: 26060215 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), a sphingomyelin analog, is a major sphingolipid in invertebrates and parasites, whereas only trace amounts are present in mammalian cells. In this study, mushroom-derived proteins of the aegerolysin family—pleurotolysin A2 (PlyA2; K(D) = 12 nM), ostreolysin (Oly; K(D) = 1.3 nM), and erylysin A (EryA; K(D) = 1.3 nM)—strongly associated with CPE/cholesterol (Chol)-containing membranes, whereas their low affinity to sphingomyelin/Chol precluded establishment of the binding kinetics. Binding specificity was determined by multilamellar liposome binding assays, supported bilayer assays, and solid-phase studies against a series of neutral and negatively charged lipid classes mixed 1:1 with Chol or phosphatidylcholine. No cross-reactivity was detected with phosphatidylethanolamine. Only PlyA2 also associated with CPE, independent of Chol content (K(D) = 41 μM), rendering it a suitable tool for visualizing CPE in lipid-blotting experiments and biologic samples from sterol auxotrophic organisms. Visualization of CPE enrichment in the CNS of Drosophila larvae (by PlyA2) and in the bloodstream form of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei (by EryA) by fluorescence imaging demonstrated the versatility of aegerolysin family proteins as efficient tools for detecting and visualizing CPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Balakrishna Bhat
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Reiko Ishitsuka
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Takehiko Inaba
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Motohide Murate
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mitsuhiro Abe
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Asami Makino
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ayako Kohyama-Koganeya
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Atsushi Kurahashi
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Takuma Kishimoto
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michiru Tahara
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Akinori Yamano
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kisaburo Nagamune
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Naoto Juni
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Masato Umeda
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fumihiro Fujimori
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kozo Nishibori
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Akiko Yamaji-Hasegawa
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Peter Greimel
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- *Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, and Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan; Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Yukiguni Maitake Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; **Department of Environmental Science and Education, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schrader L, Simola DF, Heinze J, Oettler J. Sphingolipids, Transcription Factors, and Conserved Toolkit Genes: Developmental Plasticity in the Ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:1474-86. [PMID: 25725431 PMCID: PMC4615751 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental plasticity allows for the remarkable morphological specialization of individuals into castes in eusocial species of Hymenoptera. Developmental trajectories that lead to alternative caste fates are typically determined by specific environmental stimuli that induce larvae to express and maintain distinct gene expression patterns. Although most eusocial species express two castes, queens and workers, the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior expresses diphenic females and males; this provides a unique system with four discrete phenotypes to study the genomic basis of developmental plasticity in ants. We sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes of 28 individual C. obscurior larvae of known developmental trajectory, providing the first in-depth analysis of gene expression in eusocial insect larvae. Clustering and transcription factor binding site analyses revealed that different transcription factors and functionally distinct sets of genes are recruited during larval development to induce the four alternative trajectories. In particular, we found complex patterns of gene regulation pertaining to sphingolipid metabolism, a conserved molecular pathway involved in development, obesity, and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schrader
- Department for Zoology/Evolutionary Biology, Institut für Zoologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel F Simola
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jürgen Heinze
- Department for Zoology/Evolutionary Biology, Institut für Zoologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Oettler
- Department for Zoology/Evolutionary Biology, Institut für Zoologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Phan NTN, Fletcher JS, Ewing AG. Lipid structural effects of oral administration of methylphenidate in Drosophila brain by secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4063-71. [PMID: 25856152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We use time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging to investigate the effects of orally administrated methylphenidate on lipids in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), a major invertebrate model system in biological study and neuroscience. TOF-SIMS imaging was carried out using a recently designed high energy 40 keV Ar4000(+) gas cluster ion gun which demonstrated improved sensitivity for intact lipids in the fly brain compared to the 40 keV C60(+) primary ion gun. In addition, correlation of TOF-SIMS and SEM imaging on the same fly brain showed that there is specific localization that is related to biological functions of various biomolecules. Different lipids distribute in different parts of the brain, central brain, optical lobes, and proboscis, depending on the length of the carbon chain and saturation level of fatty acid (FA) branches. Furthermore, data analysis using image principal components analysis (PCA) showed that methylphenidate dramatically affected both the distribution and abundance of lipids and their derivatives, particularly fatty acids, diacylglycerides, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol in the fly brains. Our approach using TOF-SIMS imaging successfully visualizes the effects of methylphenidate on the chemical structure of the fly brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nhu T N Phan
- †Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,‡National Center Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John S Fletcher
- †Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,‡National Center Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,§Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- †Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,‡National Center Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,§Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cassese A, Guindani M, Antczak P, Falciani F, Vannucci M. A Bayesian model for the identification of differentially expressed genes in Daphnia magna exposed to munition pollutants. Biometrics 2015; 71:803-11. [PMID: 25771699 DOI: 10.1111/biom.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this article we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model for the identification of differentially expressed genes in Daphnia magna organisms exposed to chemical compounds, specifically munition pollutants in water. The model we propose constitutes one of the very first attempts at a rigorous modeling of the biological effects of water purification. We have data acquired from a purification system that comprises four consecutive purification stages, which we refer to as "ponds," of progressively more contaminated water. We model the expected expression of a gene in a pond as the sum of the mean of the same gene in the previous pond plus a gene-pond specific difference. We incorporate a variable selection mechanism for the identification of the differential expressions, with a prior distribution on the probability of a change that accounts for the available information on the concentration of chemical compounds present in the water. We carry out posterior inference via MCMC stochastic search techniques. In the application, we reduce the complexity of the data by grouping genes according to their functional characteristics, based on the KEGG pathway database. This also increases the biological interpretability of the results. Our model successfully identifies a number of pathways that show differential expression between consecutive purification stages. We also find that changes in the transcriptional response are more strongly associated to the presence of certain compounds, with the remaining contributing to a lesser extent. We discuss the sensitivity of these results to the model parameters that measure the influence of the prior information on the posterior inference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cassese
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, U.S.A.,Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Michele Guindani
- Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Philipp Antczak
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Marina Vannucci
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Niehoff AC, Kettling H, Pirkl A, Chiang YN, Dreisewerd K, Yew JY. Analysis of Drosophila Lipids by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Imaging. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11086-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503171f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Niehoff
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604
- NRW
Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse
10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse
30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute
for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Kettling
- Institute
for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Domagkstrasse
3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Pirkl
- Institute
for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yin Ning Chiang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604
| | - Klaus Dreisewerd
- Institute
for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Domagkstrasse
3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Joanne Y. Yew
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science
Drive 4, Singapore 117543
- Pacific Biosciences
Research Center, University of Hawaìi at Ma̅noa, 1993
East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Examination of the genetic basis for sexual dimorphism in the Aedes aegypti (dengue vector mosquito) pupal brain. Biol Sex Differ 2014; 5:10. [PMID: 25729562 PMCID: PMC4342991 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-014-0010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most animal species exhibit sexually dimorphic behaviors, many of which are linked to reproduction. A number of these behaviors, including blood feeding in female mosquitoes, contribute to the global spread of vector-borne illnesses. However, knowledge concerning the genetic basis of sexually dimorphic traits is limited in any organism, including mosquitoes, especially with respect to differences in the developing nervous system. Methods Custom microarrays were used to examine global differences in female vs. male gene expression in the developing pupal head of the dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The spatial expression patterns of a subset of differentially expressed transcripts were examined in the developing female vs. male pupal brain through in situ hybridization experiments. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown studies were used to assess the putative role of Doublesex, a terminal component of the sex determination pathway, in the regulation of sex-specific gene expression observed in the developing pupal brain. Results Transcripts (2,527), many of which were linked to proteolysis, the proteasome, metabolism, catabolic, and biosynthetic processes, ion transport, cell growth, and proliferation, were found to be differentially expressed in A. aegypti female vs. male pupal heads. Analysis of the spatial expression patterns for a subset of dimorphically expressed genes in the pupal brain validated the data set and also facilitated the identification of brain regions with dimorphic gene expression. In many cases, dimorphic gene expression localized to the optic lobe. Sex-specific differences in gene expression were also detected in the antennal lobe and mushroom body. siRNA-mediated gene targeting experiments demonstrated that Doublesex, a transcription factor with consensus binding sites located adjacent to many dimorphically expressed transcripts that function in neural development, is required for regulation of sex-specific gene expression in the developing A. aegypti brain. Conclusions These studies revealed sex-specific gene expression profiles in the developing A. aegypti pupal head and identified Doublesex as a key regulator of sexually dimorphic gene expression during mosquito neural development.
Collapse
|
37
|
Facile and efficient addition of terminal alkynes to benzotriazole esters: synthesis of d-erythro-sphingosine using ynones as the key intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
38
|
Zhou Y, Lin XW, Zhang YR, Huang YJ, Zhang CH, Yang Q, Li HY, Yuan JQ, Cheng JA, Xu R, Mao C, Zhu ZR. Identification and biochemical characterization of Laodelphax striatellus neutral ceramidase. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 22:366-75. [PMID: 23601004 PMCID: PMC3879266 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ceramidases are a group of enzymes that catalyse hydrolysis of ceramides to generate fatty acid and sphingosine. In this study, we report the cloning and characterization of the rice small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus neutral ceramidase (nCDase), LsnCer. LsnCer was identified by sequencing the transcriptome of L. striatellus and is a protein of 717 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 79.3 kDa. Similarly to other known nCDases, the optimum pH for LsnCer is 8.0 and the optimum temperature is 37 °C for its in vitro activity. LsnCer activity is inhibited by Zn(2+) significantly and Fe(2+) slightly. LsnCer has broad substrate specificity with a preference for ceramides with a medium acyl-chain or a monounsaturated long acyl-chain. Infection with rice strip virus (RSV) or treatment with insecticides significantly increased LsnCer mRNA expression and its enzymatic activity in L. striatellus. These results suggest that LsnCer is a bona fide nCDase that may have a role in adaption of L. striatellus to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pepperl J, Reim G, Lüthi U, Kaech A, Hausmann G, Basler K. Sphingolipid depletion impairs endocytic traffic and inhibits Wingless signaling. Mech Dev 2013; 130:493-505. [PMID: 23665457 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are an important part of the plasma membrane and implicated in a multitude of cellular processes. However, little is known about the role of sphingolipids in an epithelial context and their potential influence on the activity of signaling pathways. To shed light on these aspects we analyzed the consequences of changing ceramide levels in vivo in the Drosophila wing disc: an epithelial tissue in which the most fundamental signaling pathways, including the Wnt/Wg signaling pathway, are well characterized. We found that downregulation of Drosophila's only ceramide synthase gene schlank led to defects in the endosomal trafficking of proteins. One of the affected proteins is the Wnt ligand Wingless (Wg) that accumulated. Unexpectedly, although Wg protein levels were raised, signaling activity of the Wg pathway was impaired. Recent work has spotlighted the central role of the endocytic trafficking in the transduction of the Wnt signal. Our results underscore this and support the view that sphingolipid levels are crucial in orchestrating epithelial endocytic trafficking in vivo. They further demonstrate that ceramide/sphingolipid levels can affect Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pepperl
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang Q, Li X, Lin X, Zhou Y, Yuan J, Wang H, Cheng J, Mao C, Zhu Z. Characterization of free endogenous sphingoid bases in the golden apple snailPomacea canaliculata: involvement in snail development and nutrient limitation. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2013.774297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
41
|
Vacaru AM, van den Dikkenberg J, Ternes P, Holthuis JCM. Ceramide phosphoethanolamine biosynthesis in Drosophila is mediated by a unique ethanolamine phosphotransferase in the Golgi lumen. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11520-30. [PMID: 23449981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.460972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a vital component of mammalian membranes, providing mechanical stability and a structural framework for plasma membrane organization. Its production involves the transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine onto ceramide, a reaction catalyzed by SM synthase in the Golgi lumen. Drosophila lacks SM and instead synthesizes the SM analogue ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) as the principal membrane sphingolipid. The corresponding CPE synthase shares mechanistic features with enzymes mediating phospholipid biosynthesis via the Kennedy pathway. Using a functional cloning strategy, we here identified a CDP-ethanolamine:ceramide ethanolamine phosphotransferase as the enzyme responsible for CPE production in Drosophila. CPE synthase constitutes a new branch within the CDP-alcohol phosphotransferase superfamily with homologues in Arthropoda (insects, spiders, mites, scorpions), Cnidaria (Hydra, sea anemones), and Mollusca (oysters) but not in most other animal phyla. The enzyme resides in the Golgi complex with its active site facing the lumen, contrary to the membrane topology of other CDP-alcohol phosphotransferases. Our findings open up an important new avenue to address the biological role of CPE, an enigmatic membrane constituent of a wide variety of invertebrate and marine organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Vacaru
- Department of Membrane Enzymology, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Albinet V, Bats ML, Bedia C, Sabourdy F, Garcia V, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Hornemann T, Levade T. Genetic disorders of simple sphingolipid metabolism. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2013:127-152. [PMID: 23579453 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1368-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the functions sphingolipids play in living organisms can be achieved by analyzing the biochemical and physiological changes that result from genetic alterations of sphingolipid metabolism. This review summarizes the current knowledge gained from studies both on human patients and mutant animals (mice, cats, dogs, and cattle) with genetic disorders of sphingolipid metabolism. Genetic alterations affecting the biosynthesis, transport, or degradation of simple sphingolipids are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Albinet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Team n°4, Université de Toulouse, CHU Rangueil, 84225, Toulouse Cedex 4, 31432, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Z, Huang X. Lipid metabolism in Drosophila: development and disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:44-50. [PMID: 23257293 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids are three major components of the cell. Despite a few basic metabolic pathways, we know very little about lipids, compared with the explosion of knowledge about proteins and nucleic acids. How many different forms of lipids are there? What are the in vivo functions of individual lipid? How does lipid metabolism contribute to normal development and human health? Many of these questions remain unanswered. For over a century, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model organism to study basic biological questions. In recent years, increasing evidences proved that Drosophila models are highly valuable for lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis researches. Some recent progresses of lipid metabolic regulation during Drosophila development and in Drosophila models of human diseases will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Biochemical membrane lipidomics during Drosophila development. Dev Cell 2012; 24:98-111. [PMID: 23260625 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play critical roles in energy homeostasis, membrane structure, and signaling. Using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, we provide a comprehensive semiquantification of lipids during the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster (230 glycerophospholipids, 210 sphingolipids, 6 sterols and sterol esters, and 60 glycerolipids) and obtain biological insights through this biochemical resource. First, we find a high and constant triacylglycerol-to-membrane lipid ratio during pupal stage, which is nonobvious in the absence of nutrient uptake and tissue remodeling. Second, sphingolipids undergo specific changes in headgroup (glycosylation) and tail configurations (unsaturation and hydroxylation on sphingoid base and fatty acyls, respectively), which correlate with gene expression of known (GlcT/CG6437; FA2H/ CG30502) and putative (Cyt-b5-r/CG13279) enzymes. Third, we identify a gender bias in phosphoethanolamine-ceramides as a lead for future investigation into sexual maturation. Finally, we partially characterize ghiberti, required for male meiotic cytokinesis, as a homolog of mammalian serine palmitoyltransferase.
Collapse
|
45
|
Benoit JB, Attardo GM, Michalkova V, Takác P, Bohova J, Aksoy S. Sphingomyelinase activity in mother's milk is essential for juvenile development: a case from lactating tsetse flies. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:17, 1-10. [PMID: 22517621 PMCID: PMC3406556 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine is a structural component of sphingolipids. The metabolism of phosphoethanolamine ceramide (sphingomyelin) by sphingomyelinase (SMase), followed by the breakdown of ceramide by ceramidase (CDase) yields sphingosine. Female tsetse fly is viviparous and generates a single progeny within her uterus during each gonotrophic cycle. The mother provides her offspring with nutrients required for development solely via intrauterine lactation. Quantitative PCR showed that acid smase1 (asmase1) increases in mother's milk gland during lactation. aSMase1 was detected in the milk gland and larval gut, indicating this protein is generated during lactation and consumed by the larva. The higher levels of SMase activity in larval gut contents indicate that this enzyme is activated by the low gut pH. In addition, cdase is expressed at high levels in the larval gut. Breakdown of the resulting ceramide is likely accomplished by the larval gut-secreted CDase, which allows absorption of sphingosine. We used the tsetse system to understand the critical role(s) of SMase and CDase during pregnancy and lactation and their downstream effects on adult progeny fitness. Reduction of asmase1 by short interfering RNA negatively impacted pregnancy and progeny performance, resulting in a 4-5-day extension in pregnancy, 10%-15% reduction in pupal mass, lower pupal hatch rates, impaired heat tolerance, reduced symbiont levels, and reduced fecundity of adult progeny. This study suggests that the SMase activity associated with tsetse lactation and larval digestion is similar in function to that of mammalian lactation and represents a critical process for juvenile development, with important effects on the health of progeny during their adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Benoit
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Embryonic expression of Drosophila ceramide synthase schlank in developing gut, CNS and PNS. Gene Expr Patterns 2011; 11:501-10. [PMID: 21907829 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Schlank is a member of the highly conserved ceramide synthase family and controls growth and body fat in Drosophila. Ceramide synthases are key enzymes in the sphingolipid de novo synthesis pathway. Ceramide synthase proteins and the (dihydro)ceramide produced are involved in a variety of biological processes among them apoptosis and neurodegeneration. The full extent of their involvement in these processes will require a precise analysis of the distribution and expression pattern of ceramide synthases. Paralogs of the ceramide synthase family have been found in all eukaryotes studied, however the mRNA and protein expression patterns have not yet been analysed systematically. In this study, we use antibodies that specifically recognize Schlank, a schlank mRNA probe and an endogenous schlank promoter driven LacZ reporter line to reveal the expression pattern of Schlank throughout embryogenesis. We found that Schlank is expressed in all embryonic epithelia during embryogenesis including the developing epidermis and the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, Schlank is upregulated in the developing central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Co-staining experiments with neuronal and glial markers revealed specific expression of Schlank in glial and neuronal cells of the CNS and PNS.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Intensive research over the past 2 decades has implicated ceramide in the regulation of several cell responses. However, emerging evidence points to dramatic complexities in ceramide metabolism and structure that defy the prevailing unifying hypothesis on ceramide function that is based on the understanding of ceramide as a single entity. Here, we develop the concept that "ceramide" constitutes a family of closely related molecules, subject to metabolism by >28 enzymes and with >200 structurally distinct mammalian ceramides distinguished by specific structural modifications. These ceramides are synthesized in a combinatorial fashion with distinct enzymes responsible for the specific modifications. These multiple pathways of ceramide generation led to the hypothesis that individual ceramide molecular species are regulated by specific biochemical pathways in distinct subcellular compartments and execute distinct functions. In this minireview, we describe the "many ceramides" paradigm, along with the rationale, supporting evidence, and implications for our understanding of bioactive sphingolipids and approaches for unraveling these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SouthCarolina 29425, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Parisi M, Li R, Oliver B. Lipid profiles of female and male Drosophila. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:198. [PMID: 21676256 PMCID: PMC3146437 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background D. melanogaster is increasingly used as a lipid metabolism model, but the D. melanogaster metabolome is not well studied. A number of studies strongly suggest that lipid metabolism is linked to sexual behavior and gametogenesis. Findings We determined the levels of 400 different lipids in the non-gonadal soma of D. melanogaster females and males. We found higher levels of saturated cholesterol esters and lysophosphatidylcholine in males, and higher levels of polyunsaturated cholesterol esters in females. We also determined the levels of these lipids in females and males without a germline to determine if the absence of gamete "sinks" for metabolic products, such as yolk and lipid deposits in eggs, altered somatic lipid profiles. We observed little change in lipid profiles between these samples. Conclusions Overall lipid compositions are similar between the sexes, although there are differences in saturation states of two lipid classes, where saturated fatty acids were male-biased and polyunsaturated fatty acids were female-biased. The presence of a germline did not significantly influence lipid profiles, raising the possibility that germline-dependent changes in metabolic gene expression patterns serve a homeostatic purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Parisi
- Section of Developmental Genomics, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 50 South Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|