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Masoumi N, Ghollasi M, Raheleh Halabian, Eftekhari E, Ghiasi M. Carbachol, along with calcium, indicates new strategy in neural differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Regen Ther 2023; 23:60-66. [PMID: 37122359 PMCID: PMC10130343 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past few years, stem cells have represented a promising treatment in neurological disorders due to the well-defined characteristics of their capability to proliferate and differentiate into any cell type, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, previous studies have shown that calcium signaling modulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. The present study investigated the effect of carbachol (CCh), a cholinergic agonist activating acetylcholine receptors, with and without calcium, on the neural differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in neural media, including forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine and retinoic acid. METHODS For this purpose, first, the MTT assay and acridine orange staining were studied to obtain the optimal concentration of CCh. Next, the differentiation tests, such as cellular calcium assay as well as evaluation of qualitative and quantitative expression of neuronal index markers through immunofluorescence staining and gene expression analysis, respectively, were performed on days 7 and 14 of the differentiation period. RESULTS According to the results, CCh at 1 μM concentration had no cytotoxicity on hADSCs and also induced cell proliferation. Furthermore, CCh with and without calcium increased the expression of neural-specific genes (NSE, MAP2, β-III-tubulin, and MAPK3) and proteins (γ-enolase, MAP2, and β-III-tubulin) as well as the amount of calcium in differentiated hADSCs at 7 and 14 days after induction. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the findings suggest that CCh acts as an influential therapeutic factor in the field of neural regenerative medicine and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Masoumi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Eftekhari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghiasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Muramatsu I, Uwada J, Chihara K, Sada K, Wang MH, Yazawa T, Taniguchi T, Ishibashi T, Masuoka T. Evaluation of radiolabeled acetylcholine synthesis and release in rat striatum. J Neurochem 2021; 160:342-355. [PMID: 34878648 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic transmission underlies higher brain functions such as cognition and movement. To elucidate the process whereby acetylcholine (ACh) release is maintained and regulated in the central nervous system, uptake of [3 H]choline and subsequent synthesis and release of [3 H]ACh were investigated in rat striatal segments. Incubation with [3 H]choline elicited efficient uptake via high-affinity choline transporter-1, resulting in accumulation of [3 H]choline and [3 H]ACh. However, following inhibition of ACh esterase (AChE), incubation with [3 H]choline led predominantly to the accumulation of [3 H]ACh. Electrical stimulation and KCl depolarization selectively released [3 H]ACh but not [3 H]choline. [3 H]ACh release gradually declined upon repetitive stimulation, whereas the release was reproducible under inhibition of AChE. [3 H]ACh release was abolished after treatment with vesamicol, an inhibitor of vesicular ACh transporter. These results suggest that releasable ACh is continually replenished from the cytosol to releasable pools of cholinergic vesicles to maintain cholinergic transmission. [3 H]ACh release evoked by electrical stimulation was abolished by tetrodotoxin, but that induced by KCl was largely resistant. ACh release was Ca2+ dependent and exhibited slightly different sensitivities to N- and P-type Ca2+ channel toxins (ω-conotoxin GVIA and ω-agatoxin IVA, respectively) between both stimuli. [3 H]ACh release was negatively regulated by M2 muscarinic and D2 dopaminergic receptors. The present results suggest that inhibition of AChE within cholinergic neurons and of presynaptic negative regulation of ACh release contributes to maintenance and facilitation of cholinergic transmission, providing a potentially useful clue for the development of therapies for cholinergic dysfunction-associated disorders, in addition to inhibition of synaptic cleft AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan.,Kimura Hospital, Awara, Fukui, Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuyasu Chihara
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mao-Hsien Wang
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan.,Department of Anesthesia, En Chu Kon Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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Rawangwong A, Khrongyut S, Chomphoo S, Konno K, Yamasaki M, Watanabe M, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W. Heterogeneous localization of muscarinic cholinoceptor M 1 in the salivary ducts of adult mice. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 100:14-22. [PMID: 30743058 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize variation in expression and localization, along the course of the glandular tubule, of muscarinic cholinergic receptor M1 which plays as a distinct contribution, though minor in comparison with M3 receptor, in saliva secretion. Localization of the M1 receptor was examined using immunohistochemistry in three major salivary glands. Although all glandular cells were more or less M1-immunoreactive, acinar cells were weakly immunoreactive, while ductal cells exhibited substantial M1-immunoreactivity. Many ductal cells exhibited clear polarity with higher immunoreactivity in their apical/supra-nuclear domain. However, some exhibited indistinct polarity because of additional higher immunoreactivity in their basal/infra-nuclear domain. A small group of cells with intense immunoreactivity was found, mostly located in the intercalated ducts or in portions of the striated ducts close to the intercalated ducts. In immuno-electron microscopy, the immunoreactive materials were mainly in the cytoplasm including various vesicles and vacuoles. Unexpectedly, distinct immunoreactivity on apical and basal plasma membranes was infrequent in most ductal cells. The heterogeneous localization of M1-immunoreactivity along the gland tubular system is discussed in view of possible modulatory roles of the M1 receptor in saliva secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsara Rawangwong
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suthankamon Khrongyut
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surang Chomphoo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kohtaro Konno
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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4
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Masuoka T, Uwada J, Kudo M, Yoshiki H, Yamashita Y, Taniguchi T, Nishio M, Ishibashi T, Muramatsu I. Augmentation of Endogenous Acetylcholine Uptake and Cholinergic Facilitation of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation by Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. Neuroscience 2019; 404:39-47. [PMID: 30708046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal cholinergic activity enhances long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission in intrahippocampal circuits and regulates cognitive function. We recently demonstrated intracellular distribution of functional M1-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and neuronal uptake of acetylcholine (ACh) in the central nervous system. Here we examined whether endogenous ACh acts on intracellular M1-mAChRs following its uptake and causes cholinergic facilitation of hippocampal LTP. ACh esterase (AChE) activities and [3H]ACh uptake was measured in rat hippocampal segments. LTP of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials at CA1 synapses was induced by high frequency stimulation in hippocampal slices. Pretreatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) irreversibly inhibited AChE, augmented ACh uptake, and significantly enhanced the LTP. This cholinergic facilitation was inhibited by pirenzepine, a membrane-permeable M1 antagonist, while only the early stage of cholinergic facilitation was inhibited by a membrane-impermeable M1 antagonist, muscarinic toxin 7. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) inhibited ACh uptake in hippocampal segments and selectively suppressed late stage cholinergic facilitation without changing the early stage. In contrast, LTP in DFP-untreated slices was not affected by the muscarinic antagonists and TEA. Carbachol (CCh; an AChE-resistant muscarinic agonist) competed with ACh for its uptake and produced cholinergic facilitation of LTP in DFP-untreated slices. The late stage of CCh-induced facilitation was also selectively inhibited by TEA. Our results suggest that when AChE is inactivated by inhibitors, LTP in hippocampal slices is significantly enhanced by endogenous ACh and that cholinergic facilitation is caused by direct activation of cell-surface M1-mAChRs and subsequent activation of intracellular M1-mAChRs after ACh uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1, Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Makiko Kudo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Yoshiki
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1, Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Matomo Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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Berndt-Paetz M, Herbst L, Weimann A, Gonsior A, Stolzenburg JU, Neuhaus J. Highly specific detection of muscarinic M3 receptor, G protein interaction and intracellular trafficking in human detrusor using Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA). Acta Histochem 2018; 120:329-339. [PMID: 29551457 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate a number of important physiological functions. Alteration of mAChR expression or function has been associated in the etiology of several pathologies including functional bladder disorders (e.g bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis - BPS/IC). In a previous study we found specific mAChR expression patterns associated with BPS/IC, while correlation between protein and gene expression was lacking. Posttranslational regulatory mechanisms, e.g. altered intracellular receptor trafficking, could explain those differences. In addition, alternative G protein (GP) coupling could add to the pathophysiology via modulation of muscarinic signaling. In our proof-of-principle study, we addressed these questions in situ. We established PLA in combination with confocal laserscanning microscopy (CLSM) and 3D object reconstruction for highly specific detection and analysis of muscarinic 3 receptors (M3), G protein (GP) coupling and intracellular trafficking in human detrusor samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS Paraffin sections of formalin-fixed bladder tissue (FFPE) of BPS/IC patients receiving transurethral biopsy were examined by Cy3-PLA for M3 expression, coupling of M3 to GPs (Gαq/11, Gαs, Gαi) and interaction of M3 with endocytic regulator proteins. Membranes were labeled with wheat germ agglutinin-Alexa Fluor®488, nuclei were stained with DAPI. Object density and co-localization were analyzed in 3D-reconstruction of high resolution confocal z-stacks. RESULTS Confocal image stack processing resulted in well demarcated objects. Calculated receptor densities correlated significantly with existing confocal expression data, while significantly improved specificity of M3 detection by PLA was verified using bladder tissue samples from transgenic mice. 50-60% of the M3 receptor complexes were plasma membrane associated in human bladder detrusor. Application of PLA for M3 and GPs allowed visualization of M3-GP interactions and revealed individual GP-subtype coupling patterns. Detection of M3 interactions with endocytic trafficking proteins by PLA resulted in object sizes correlating with well-documented vesicle sizes of the endocytosis pathway. CONCLUSION PLA enabled highly specific detection of M3 receptor expression, demonstration of M3/GP differential coupling and intracellular M3 trafficking in human detrusor smooth muscle cells. This new approach minimized background fluorescence and antibody cross-reactions resulting from single antibody application, and enhanced specificity due to the use of two primary antibodies. Use of subcellular markers allowed visualization of subcellular receptor location. PLA/CLSM allows analyses of muscarinic "receptor - G protein - promiscuity" and intracellular trafficking even in bladder paraffin sections and may give new insights into the etiology and pathology of BPS/IC.
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6
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Comparative Analysis of Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Calcium Transients in Proliferating and Differentiating Human Midbrain-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9605432. [PMID: 29201062 PMCID: PMC5671755 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9605432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous cytosolic calcium transients and oscillations have been reported in various tissues of nonhuman and human origin but not in human midbrain-derived stem cells. Using confocal microfluorimetry, we studied spontaneous calcium transients and calcium-regulating mechanisms in a human ventral mesencephalic stem cell line undergoing proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Spontaneous calcium transients were detected in a large fraction of both proliferating (>50%) and differentiating (>55%) cells. We provide evidence for the existence of intracellular calcium stores that respond to muscarinic activation of the cells, having sensitivity for ryanodine and thapsigargin possibly reflecting IP3 receptor activity and the presence of ryanodine receptors and calcium ATPase pumps. The observed calcium transient activity potentially supports the existence of a sodium-calcium antiporter and the existence of calcium influx induced by depletion of calcium stores. We conclude that the cells have developed the most important mechanisms governing cytosolic calcium homeostasis. This is the first comparative report of spontaneous calcium transients in proliferating and differentiating human midbrain-derived stem cells that provides evidence for the mechanisms that are likely to be involved. We propose that the observed spontaneous calcium transients may contribute to mechanisms involved in cell proliferation, phenotypic differentiation, and general cell maturation.
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7
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Muramatsu I, Uwada J, Masuoka T, Yoshiki H, Sada K, Lee KS, Nishio M, Ishibashi T, Taniguchi T. Regulation of synaptic acetylcholine concentrations by acetylcholine transport in rat striatal cholinergic transmission. J Neurochem 2017; 143:76-86. [PMID: 28700094 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In addition to hydrolysis by acetylcholine esterase (AChE), acetylcholine (ACh) is also directly taken up into brain tissues. In this study, we examined whether the uptake of ACh is involved in the regulation of synaptic ACh concentrations. Superfusion experiments with rat striatal segments pre-incubated with [3 H]choline were performed using an ultra-mini superfusion vessel, which was developed to minimize superfusate retention within the vessel. Hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) at concentrations less than 1 μM, selectively inhibited the uptake of [3 H]choline by the high affinity-choline transporter 1 and had no effect on basal and electrically evoked [3 H]efflux in superfusion experiments. In contrast, HC-3 at higher concentrations, as well as tetraethylammonium (>10 μM), which inhibited the uptake of both [3 H]choline and [3 H]ACh, increased basal [3 H]overflow and potentiated electrically evoked [3 H]efflux. These effects of HC-3 and tetraethylammonium were also observed under conditions where tissue AChE was irreversibly inactivated by diisopropylfluorophosphate. Specifically, the potentiation of evoked [3 H]efflux was significantly higher in AChE-inactivated preparations and was attenuated by atropine. On the other hand, striatal segments pre-incubated with [3 H]ACh failed to increase [3 H]overflow in response to electrical stimulation. These results show that synaptic ACh concentrations are significantly regulated by the postsynaptic uptake of ACh, as well as by AChE hydrolysis and modulation of ACh release mediated through presynaptic muscarinic ACh receptors. In addition, these data suggest that the recycling of ACh-derived choline may be minor in cholinergic terminals. This study reveals a new mechanism of cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan.,Kimura Hospital, Awara, Fukui, Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Yoshiki
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kung-Shing Lee
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Matomo Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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Radu BM, Osculati AMM, Suku E, Banciu A, Tsenov G, Merigo F, Di Chio M, Banciu DD, Tognoli C, Kacer P, Giorgetti A, Radu M, Bertini G, Fabene PF. All muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M 1-M 5) are expressed in murine brain microvascular endothelium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5083. [PMID: 28698560 PMCID: PMC5506046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies indicate that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurological diseases. Although these receptors have been described in human, bovine and rat cerebral microvascular tissue, a subtype functional characterization in mouse brain endothelium is lacking. Here, we show that all muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1-M5) are expressed in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells. The mRNA expression of M2, M3, and M5 correlates with their respective protein abundance, but a mismatch exists for M1 and M4 mRNA versus protein levels. Acetylcholine activates calcium transients in brain endothelium via muscarinic, but not nicotinic, receptors. Moreover, although M1 and M3 are the most abundant receptors, only a small fraction of M1 is present in the plasma membrane and functions in ACh-induced Ca2+ signaling. Bioinformatic analyses performed on eukaryotic muscarinic receptors demonstrate a high degree of conservation of the orthosteric binding site and a great variability of the allosteric site. In line with previous studies, this result indicates muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as potential pharmacological targets in future translational studies. We argue that research on drug development should especially focus on the allosteric binding sites of the M1 and M3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.,Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | | | - Eda Suku
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 050095, Romania.,Engineering Faculty, Constantin Brancusi' University, Calea Eroilor 30, Targu Jiu, 210135, Romania
| | - Grygoriy Tsenov
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Flavia Merigo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Marzia Di Chio
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | - Cristina Tognoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Petr Kacer
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, 25067, Czech Republic
| | | | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy. .,Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, PO Box MG-6, Reactorului 30, Magurele, 077125, Romania.
| | - Giuseppe Bertini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Paolo Francesco Fabene
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
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Muramatsu I, Yoshiki H, Uwada J, Masuoka T, Sada K, Taniguchi T, Nishio M. Pharmacological evidence of specific acetylcholine transport in rat cerebral cortex and other brain regions. J Neurochem 2016; 139:566-575. [PMID: 27627023 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) were recently demonstrated to exist not only in the plasma membrane but also intracellularly in brain tissues. In order to activate intracellular AChRs, endogenous hydrophilic ACh must cross the plasma membrane. Here, we examined the pharmacological characteristics of this process, including whether it is mediated by active ACh uptake. When ACh esterase (AChE) was suppressed by diisopropylfluorophosphate, [3 H]ACh was effectively taken up into segments of rat cerebral cortex and other brain regions, in contrast to peripheral tissues such as liver and kidney. The uptake of [3 H]ACh in rat cerebral cortex was temperature-dependent, and the uptake capacity was comparable to that of [3 H]choline. However, [3 H]ACh uptake was inhibited by lower concentrations of ACh, carbachol, tetraethylammonium (TEA), compared with uptake of [3 H]choline. Uptake of [3 H]ACh was also inhibited by several organic cations, including choline, hemicholinium-3 (HC-3), quinidine, decynium 22, clonidine, diphenhydramine, but was little affected by some amino acids and biogenic amines, corticosterone, spermine, atropine, and tetrodotoxin. Unlike diisopropylfluorophosphate, several ACh esterase inhibitors, including drugs for Alzheimer's disease, such as donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, also suppressed the uptake of [3 H]ACh, but not [3 H]choline. These results indicate that in the brain, ACh is specifically taken up through a unique transport system with different pharmacological properties from known organic cation transporters (OCTs), and suggest that this mechanism may be involved in intracellular cholinergic transmission in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan.,Kimura Hospital, Awara, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Yoshiki
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Matomo Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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10
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Morishima S, Anisuzzaman ASM, Uwada J, Yoshiki H, Muramatsu I. Comparison of subcellular distribution and functions between exogenous and endogenous M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Life Sci 2013; 93:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Intracrine endothelin signaling evokes IP3-dependent increases in nucleoplasmic Ca²⁺ in adult cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:189-202. [PMID: 23756157 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin receptors are present on the nuclear membranes in adult cardiac ventricular myocytes. The objectives of the present study were to determine 1) which endothelin receptor subtype is in cardiac nuclear membranes, 2) if the receptor and ligand traffic from the cell surface to the nucleus, and 3) the effect of increased intracellular ET-1 on nuclear Ca(2+) signaling. Confocal microscopy using fluorescently-labeled endothelin analogs confirmed the presence of ETB at the nuclear membrane of rat cardiomyocytes in skinned-cells and isolated nuclei. Furthermore, in both cardiac myocytes and aortic endothelial cells, endocytosed ET:ETB complexes translocated to lysosomes and not the nuclear envelope. Although ETA and ETB can form heterodimers, the presence or absence of ETA did not alter ETB trafficking. Treatment of isolated nuclei with peptide: N-glycosidase F did not alter the electrophoretic mobility of ETB. The absence of N-glycosylation further indicates that these receptors did not originate at the cell surface. Intracellular photolysis of a caged ET-1 analog ([Trp-ODMNB(21)]ET-1) evoked an increase in nucleoplasmic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]n) that was attenuated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and prevented by pre-treatment with ryanodine. A caged cell-permeable analog of the ETB-selective antagonist IRL-2500 blocked the ability of intracellular cET-1 to increase [Ca(2+)]n whereas extracellular application of ETA and ETB receptor antagonists did not. These data suggest that 1) the endothelin receptor in the cardiac nuclear membranes is ETB, 2) ETB traffics directly to the nuclear membrane after biosynthesis, 3) exogenous endothelins are not ligands for ETB on nuclear membranes, and 4) ETB associated with the nuclear membranes regulates nuclear Ca(2+) signaling.
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Anisuzzaman ASM, Uwada J, Masuoka T, Yoshiki H, Nishio M, Ikegaya Y, Takahashi N, Matsuki N, Fujibayashi Y, Yonekura Y, Momiyama T, Muramatsu I. Novel contribution of cell surface and intracellular M1-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to synaptic plasticity in hippocampus. J Neurochem 2013; 126:360-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Syed Md Anisuzzaman
- Division of Pharmacology; Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Fukui; Eiheiji Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Division of Pharmacology; Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Fukui; Eiheiji Japan
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs; University of Fukui; Eiheiji Japan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Kanazawa Medical University; Uchinada Japan
| | - Hatsumi Yoshiki
- Division of Pharmacology; Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Fukui; Eiheiji Japan
| | - Matomo Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Kanazawa Medical University; Uchinada Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Japan
| | - Naoya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Japan
| | - Norio Matsuki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Japan
| | | | | | - Toshihiko Momiyama
- Department of Pharmacology; Jikei University School of Medicine; Minato-ku Japan
| | - Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Division of Pharmacology; Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Fukui; Eiheiji Japan
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs; University of Fukui; Eiheiji Japan
- Child Development Research Center; Graduate School of Medicine; University of Fukui; Eiheiji Japan
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Zemkova H, Kucka M, Bjelobaba I, Tomic M, Stojilkovic SS. Multiple cholinergic signaling pathways in pituitary gonadotrophs. Endocrinology 2013; 154:421-33. [PMID: 23161872 PMCID: PMC3529387 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) has been established as a paracrine factor in the anterior pituitary gland, but the receptors mediating ACh action and the cell types bearing these receptors have not been identified. Our results showed that the expression of the nicotinic subunits mRNAs followed the order β2 > β1 = α9 > α4 in cultured rat pituitary cells. The expression of the subunits in immortalized LβT2 mouse gonadotrophs followed the order β2 > α4 = α1. M4 > M3 muscarinic receptor mRNA were also identified in pituitary and LβT2 cells. The treatment of cultured pituitary cells with GnRH down-regulated the expression of α9 and α4 mRNAs, without affecting the expression of M3 and M4 receptor mRNAs, and ACh did not alter the expression of GnRH receptor mRNA. We also performed double immunostaining to show the expression of β2-subunit and M4 receptor proteins in gonadotrophs. Functional nicotinic channels capable of generating an inward current, facilitation of electrical activity, and Ca(2+) influx were identified in single gonadotrophs and LβT2 cells. In both cell types, the M3 receptor-mediated, phospholipase C-dependent Ca(2+) mobilization activated an outward apamin-sensitive K(+) current and caused hyperpolarization. The activation of M4 receptors by ACh inhibited cAMP production and GnRH-induced LH release in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. We concluded that multiple cholinergic receptors are expressed in gonadotrophs and that the main secretory action of ACh is inhibitory through M4 receptor-mediated down-regulation of cAMP production. The expression of nicotinic receptors in vitro compensates for the lack of regular GnRH stimulation of gonadotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Zemkova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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