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Panchal J, Jaiswal S, Jain S, Kumawat J, Sharma A, Jain P, Jain S, Verma K, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Development of novel bosentan analogues as endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115681. [PMID: 37515921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Since decades, bosentan has been in use for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, chronic exposure to bosentan leads to the development of resistance, tolerance, and serious adverse effects that have restricted its usage in clinical practices. To surmount these limitations, some new bosentan derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy in PAH. Molecular docking analyses of all the synthesized derivatives were carried out using the endothelin (ET) receptor. In addition, the inhibitory ability of synthesized derivatives was determined in in vitro assay employing an ET-1 human ELISA kit. Among the synthesized derivatives, three derivatives namely 17d, 16j, and 16h with higher docking scores and lower IC50 values were selected for determination of the magnitude of the binding force between the derivative and ET receptor using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations study. Further, these derivatives were subjected to in vivo studies using monocrotaline (MCT) induced PAH in rat model. Results of in vivo studies inferred that the derivatives exhibit impressive ability to reduce PAH. Besides, its protective role was also evidenced in hemodynamic and right ventricular hypertrophy analyses, histological analysis, cardiac biomarkers, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) levels, and biochemical studies. Furthermore, gene quantification by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis was also performed to examine its effect on the expression of key proteins in PAH. Notably, amongst three, derivative 16h exhibited the most encouraging results in molecular docking analysis, in vitro, in vivo, histopathological, biochemical, protein expression, and MD studies. Besides, derivative 16h also showed impressive pharmacokinetic features in ADMET analysis. In conclusion, derivative 16 h could act as a reliable ET receptor antagonist and requires further exploration to attain its therapeutic utility in PAH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Panchal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivangi Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Jyoti Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashima Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Smita Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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Nasci VL, Almutlaq RN, Pollock DM, Gohar EY. Endothelin mediates sex-differences in acclimation to high salt diet in rats. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:70. [PMID: 37817272 PMCID: PMC10566168 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current understanding of sodium (Na+) handling is based on studies done primarily in males. Contrary to the gradual increase in high salt (HS) induced natriuresis over 3-5 days in males, female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats have a robust natriuresis after 1 day of HS. Renal endothelin-1 (ET-1) signaling, through ET receptor A and B, is an important natriuretic pathway and was implicated in our previous dietary salt acclimation studies, however, the contribution of ET receptors to sex-differences in acclimation to dietary Na+ challenges has yet to be clarified. We hypothesized that ET receptors mediate the augmented natriuretic capacity of female rats in response to a HS diet. METHODS To test our hypothesis, male and female SD rats were implanted with telemeters and randomly assigned to treatment with A-182086, a dual ETA and ETB receptor antagonist, or control. 24-h urine samples were collected and assessed for electrolytes and ET-1. Studies were performed on a normal salt (NS, 0.3% NaCl) diet and after challenging rats with HS (4% NaCl) diet for 1 day. RESULTS We found that A-182086 increased blood pressure in male and female SD rats fed either diet. Importantly, A-182086 eliminated sex-differences in natriuresis on NS and HS. In particular, A-182086 promotes HS-induced natriuresis in male rats rather than attenuating the natriuretic capacity of females. Further, the sex-difference in urinary ET-1 excretion in NS-fed rats was eliminated by A-182086. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ET receptors are crucial for mediating sex-difference in the natriuretic capacity primarily through their actions in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Nasci
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rawan N Almutlaq
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eman Y Gohar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Gutiérrez A, Gómez Del Val A, Contreras C, Olmos L, Sánchez A, Prieto D. Calcium handling coupled to the endothelin ET A and ET B receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in resistance arteries: Differential regulation by PI3K, PKC and RhoK. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175948. [PMID: 37541372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal endothelin-1 (ET-1) activity is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as essential and pulmonary arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease, blockade of ET receptors having shown efficacy in clinical assays and experimental models of hypertension. Augmented Ca2+ influx and changes in Ca2+ sensitization associated with arterial vasoconstriction underlie increased systemic vascular resistance in hypertension. Since peripheral resistance arteries play a key role in blood pressure regulation, we aimed to determine here the specific Ca2+ signaling mechanisms linked to the ET receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in resistance arteries and their selective regulation by protein kinase C (PKC), Rho kinase (RhoK), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). ET-1-induced contraction was mediated by the endothelin ETA receptor with a minor contribution of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) endothelin ETB receptors. ET receptor activation elicited Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores, extracellular Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ sensitization associated with contraction in resistance arteries. Vasoconstriction induced by ET-1 was largely dependent on activation of canonical transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3) and extracellular Ca2+ influx through nifedipine-sensitive voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. PI3K inhibition reduced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and Ca2+ entry without altering vasoconstriction elicited by ET-1, while PKC has dual opposite actions by enhancing Ca2+ influx associated with contraction, and by inhibiting Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. RhoK was a major determinant of the enhanced sensitivity of the contractile filaments underlying ET-1 vasoconstriction, with also a modulatory positive action on Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release. Augmented RhoK and PKC activities are involved in vascular dysfunction in hypertension and vascular complications of insulin-resistant states, and these kinases are thus potential pharmacological targets in vascular diseases in which the ET pathway is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gómez Del Val
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Olmos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Hoenicka M, Sabau M, Liebold A, Hofmann HS, Ried M. Preservation of Adrenoceptor and Endothelin Receptor Mediated Vasoconstriction and of Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation after Cold Storage of Explanted Blood Vessels for ex vivo Analyses. J Vasc Res 2022; 59:303-313. [PMID: 35728582 DOI: 10.1159/000524922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenoceptor and endothelin (ET) receptor-mediated vasoconstriction as well as endothelium-dependent vasodilation of human saphenous veins were compared before and after 20 h of cold storage. METHODS Contractile responses to potassium chloride (KCl), norepinephrine (NE), and ET-1 as well as vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were evaluated. RESULTS Storage in HEPES-supplemented Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (HDMEM) diminished KCl induced contractile forces to 71% (p = 0.002) and NE induced contractions to 80% (p = 0.037), in contrast to HEPES-supplemented Krebs-Henseleit solution (HKH) and TiProtec solution. KCl-normalized NE contractions were not affected by storage. NE EC50 values were slightly lower (7.1E-8 vs. 7.5E-8, p = 0.019) after storage in HKH, with no changes after storage in the other solutions. Endothelium-dependent responses to ACh were not affected by storage. ET-1 induced contractions were attenuated after storage in HDMEM (77%, p = 0.002), HKH (75%, p = 0.020), and TiProtec (73%, p = 0.010) with no changes in normalized constrictions. ET-1 EC50 values were not affected by storage. CONCLUSION Loss of contractility after storage in HDMEM may reflect the lower content of dextrose. There was no specific attenuation of adrenoceptor, ET-receptor, or ACh receptor mediated signal transduction after storage in any of the media. HKH or TiProtec are equally suitable cold storage solutions for ex vivo measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hoenicka
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marius Sabau
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Liebold
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Stefan Hofmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ried
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Refaie MMM, Abdel-Gaber SA, Rahman SAAE, Hafez SMNA, Khalaf HM. Cardioprotective effects of bosentan in 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicology 2022; 465:153042. [PMID: 34800596 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent but cardiotoxicity challenges its clinical usefulness. Thus, searching for more cardioprotective drugs is highly required to prevent the accompanied cardiac hazards. Up to date, the different mechanisms involved in 5-FU cardiotoxicity are still unclear and there is no evaluation of bosentan's role in controlling these cardiac complications. This forced us to deeply study and evaluate the possible cardiopreserving properties of bosentan and different mechanisms involved in mediating it. 32 Wistar albino rats were included in our experiment and induction of cardiotoxicity was performed via administration of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) on 5th day of the experiment by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with or without co-administration of bosentan (50 mg/kg/day) orally for 7days. Our data revealed that 5-FU could induce cardiotoxicity which was detected as significant increases of troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase- MB (CK-MB), endothelin receptors, malondialdehyde (MDA), toll like receptor4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and caspase 3 levels. However, there is marked decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In addition, the histopathological examination showed severe toxic features of cardiac injury. Interestingly, co-administration of bosentan could ameliorate 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity via improving the detected biochemical and histopathological changes besides modulation of TLR4/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway, eNOS, and endothelin receptors. Bosentan had a significant cardioprotective effect against 5-FU induced cardiac damage. This effect may be attributed to its ability to inhibit endothelin receptors, stimulates eNOS, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties with modulation of TLR4/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M M Refaie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Seham A Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511, El-Minia, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hanaa Mohamed Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511, El-Minia, Egypt
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Zhang L, Xue S, Hou J, Chen G, Xu ZG. Endothelin receptor antagonists for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A meta-analysis and systematic review. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:553-566. [PMID: 33269066 PMCID: PMC7672789 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i11.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease worldwide. Although available clinical trials have shown that endothelin receptor (ER) antagonists may be a novel and beneficial drug for DN, no consistent conclusions regarding their sufficient effectiveness and safety for patients with DN have been presented.
AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety of ER antagonists among patients with DN.
METHODS The EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched without any language restrictions. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data and mean differences or standardized mean difference with 95%CIs for continuous data were calculated using Review Manager 5.3 software. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test with Stata/SE software.
RESULTS We enrolled seven studies with six data sets and 5271 participants. The ER antagonists group showed a significantly greater reduction in albuminuria and more patients with 40% reduction in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio than the control group (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Subgroup analysis for reductions in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) showed that for the middle-dosage subgroup, the ER antagonists group exhibited lower eGFR reduction than the control group (P < 0.00001; mean difference, 0.70 95%CI: 0.66, 0.74). Moreover, significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed in the invention group.
CONCLUSION ER blockades combined with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor /angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers may be an effective treatment to lower blood pressure and reduce proteinuria in DN with declined eGFR. However, attention should be given to adverse events, including cardiac failure, anemia, and hypoglycemia, as well as serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shuai Xue
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhong-Gao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Ahn HM, Kim DG, Kim YJ. Blockade of endothelin receptor A enhances the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:568-573. [PMID: 32423820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The high rate of mortality in pancreatic cancer patients is due to the inability to detect early-stage disease and the disease being highly refractory to therapy. Gemcitabine has been the standard chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer patients for the last two decades. However, gemcitabine resistance develops within a few weeks of treatment, and the associated mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, a novel therapeutic strategy is needed to overcome the limited clinical efficacy of gemcitabine in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In this study, we demonstrated that ET-1/ETAR axis gene expression was upregulated in pancreatic cancer cells after treatment with gemcitabine. Additionally, ETAR expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues, and patients with high ETAR expression had a notably worse overall survival rate than those with low ETAR expression. Furthermore, our results revealed that bosentan, an ETAR antagonist, enhanced the growth-inhibiting and proapoptotic effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells. Thus, our findings indicate that blockade of the ET-1/ETAR axis signaling pathway promotes the antiproliferative effect of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer. Therefore, combination of ETAR blockade and gemcitabine serves as an effective therapeutic approach to achieve clinical benefits in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Mi Ahn
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jae Kim
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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Wang D, Cheng X, Fang H, Ren Y, Li X, Ren W, Xue B, Yang C. Effect of cold stress on ovarian & uterine microcirculation in rats and the role of endothelin system. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:29. [PMID: 32290862 PMCID: PMC7155299 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold, an environmental factor, induces many reproductive diseases. It is known that endothelin (ET) is a potent vasoconstrictor, and cold stress can increase the expression of ET and its receptors. The cold stress rat model was developed to examine two parameters: (1) the effects of cold stress on ovarian and uterine morphology, function, and microvascular circulation and (2) possible mechanisms of ET and its receptors involved in cold stress-induced menstruation disorders. METHODS The rat cold stress model was prepared with an ice water bath. The estrous cycle was observed by methylene blue and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Serum estradiol 2 (E2), testosterone (T), progesterone (P) were detected by radioimmunoassay. Hemorheology indices were measured. The real-time blood flow of auricle and uterine surfaces was measured. Expressions of CD34 and α-SMA in ovarian and uterine tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. ET-1 contents in serum were tested, and expressions of ET-receptor types A and B (ET-AR and ET-BR) in ovarian tissues were detected via Western blotting. RESULTS Cold stress extended the estrous cycle, thereby causing reproductive hormone disorder, imbalance of local endothelin/nitric oxide expression, and microcirculation disturbance. Cold-stress led to up-regulation of ET-AR expression and protein and down-regulation of ET-BR expression in rats. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the reason for cold stress-induced dysfunction in reproductive organs may be closely related to the imbalance of ET-1 and its receptor expressions, leading to microvascular circulation disorders in local tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- grid.488206.00000 0004 4912 1751Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050091 Hebei Province China
| | - Xiumei Cheng
- grid.488206.00000 0004 4912 1751Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050091 Hebei Province China
| | - Huimin Fang
- grid.488206.00000 0004 4912 1751Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050091 Hebei Province China
| | - Yanqing Ren
- grid.488206.00000 0004 4912 1751Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050091 Hebei Province China
| | - Xinhua Li
- grid.488206.00000 0004 4912 1751Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050091 Hebei Province China
| | - Weiwei Ren
- grid.488206.00000 0004 4912 1751Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050091 Hebei Province China
| | - Bing Xue
- grid.488206.00000 0004 4912 1751Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050091 Hebei Province China
| | - Cairui Yang
- grid.488206.00000 0004 4912 1751Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050091 Hebei Province China
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Abstract
The vasoactive peptide endothelin is an effective regulator of blood pressure and vascular homeostasis. In addition, the dysregulation of the endothelin signaling pathway is discussed to contribute to ocular diseases like glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, our workgroup and others showed a protective effect of endothelin 2 for the survival of photoreceptors. In this study, we analyzed mRNA expression levels of the endothelin signaling family in wild-type mice after a puncture of the eye, intravitreal PBS injections, or light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. We observed elevated endothelin receptor a (Eta), endothelin receptor b (Etb), endothelin 1(Et1), and endothelin 2 (Et2) levels, while endothelin 3 (Et3) mRNA levels were not significantly altered. Our findings indicate an important role of the endothelin signaling pathway in response to ocular trauma or disease. These findings make endothelin signaling a promising target to attenuate retinal degeneration.
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Liu H, Luo Q, Zhang J, Mo C, Wang Y, Li J. Endothelins (EDN1, EDN2, EDN3) and their receptors (EDNRA, EDNRB, EDNRB2) in chickens: Functional analysis and tissue distribution. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 283:113231. [PMID: 31351053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelins (EDNs) and their receptors (EDNRs) are reported to be involved in the regulation of many physiological/pathological processes, such as cardiovascular development and functions, pulmonary hypertension, neural crest cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, pigmentation, and plumage in chickens. However, the functionality, signaling, and tissue expression of avian EDN-EDNRs have not been fully characterized, thus impeding our comprehensive understanding of their roles in this model vertebrate species. Here, we reported the cDNAs of three EDN genes (EDN1, EDN2, EDN3) and examined the functionality and expression of the three EDNs and their receptors (EDNRA, EDNRB and EDNRB2) in chickens. The results showed that: 1) chicken (c-) EDN1, EDN2, and EDN3 cDNAs were predicted to encode bioactive EDN peptides of 21 amino acids, which show remarkable degree of amino acid sequence identities (91-95%) to their respective mammalian orthologs; 2) chicken (c-) EDNRA expressed in HEK293 cells could be preferentially activated by chicken EDN1 and EDN2, monitored by the three cell-based luciferase reporter assays, indicating that cEDNRA is a functional receptor common for both cEDN1 and cEDN2. In contrast, both cEDNRB and cEDNRB2 could be activated by all three EDN peptides with similar potencies, indicating that both receptors can function as common receptors for the three EDNs and share functional similarity. Moreover, activation of three EDNRs could stimulate intracellular calcium, MAPK/ERK, and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways. 3) qPCR assay revealed that cEDNs and cEDNRs are widely, but differentially, expressed in adult chicken tissues. Taken together, our data establishes a clear molecular basis to uncover the physiological/pathological roles of EDN-EDNR system in birds and helps to reveal the conserved actions of EDN-EDNR signaling across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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Ervin JM, Schütz LF, Spicer LJ. Current status of the role of endothelins in regulating ovarian follicular function: A review. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 186:1-10. [PMID: 28967452 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelins (EDN) are a group of vasoactive 21 amino acid peptides reported to play roles in steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and ovulation. EDN1, EDN2 and EDN3 have all been shown to affect granulosa cell (GC) function in a variety of mammalians species. Herewithin, the role of EDN in regulating steroidogenesis and ovarian follicular development is reviewed, focusing on the localization and function of EDN and their receptors in ovarian follicular function emphasizing species differences. For example, in single ovulating species such as humans and cattle, in the presence of trophic hormones such as FSH and IGF1, EDN1 and EDN2 significantly inhibited GC estradiol production in 2 of 4 studies, while no effect was observed for GC progesterone production in 2 of 4 studies. In contrast, EDN1 exhibited inhibitory effects on progesterone production by GC in 3 of 3 studies in pigs and 3 of 4 studies in rats. Also, EDN1 inhibited GC estradiol production in 4 of 5 studies in rats. Altogether, these results indicate that EDN are produced by ovarian follicles and are involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis of GC of several mammalian species including humans, cattle, pigs and rats, but that these effects may vary with species and culture condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ervin
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - L F Schütz
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - L J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
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12
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Xiao X, Cao L, Wang R, Shen ZX, Cao YX. Airborne fine particulate matter alters the expression of endothelin receptors in rat coronary arteries. Environ Pollut 2016; 218:487-496. [PMID: 27461751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which PM2.5 induces or aggravates these diseases is still insufficiently clear. The present study investigated whether PM2.5 alters the expression of the endothelin subtype B (ETB) and endothelin subtype A (ETA) receptors in the coronary artery and examined the underlying mechanisms. Rat coronary artery segments were cultured with PM2.5 in the presence or absence of MEK/ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 pathway inhibitors. Contractile reactivity was measured by myography. ETB and ETA receptor expression was evaluated using RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Compared with fresh arteries, the cultured coronary arteries showed a significantly enhanced contraction mediated by the ETB receptor and an unaltered contraction mediated by the ETA receptor. Culture with PM2.5 significantly enhanced the contraction and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the ETB and ETA receptors in the coronary arteries, suggesting that PM2.5 induces an upregulation of ETA and ETB receptors. In addition, the PM2.5-induced increases in ETB- and ETA-mediated vasoconstriction and receptor expressions could be notably decreased by MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126 and Raf inhibitor, SB386023, suggesting that the upregulation of ETB and ETA receptors is related with MEK/ERK1/2 pathway. In conclusion, PM2.5 induces the ETB and ETA receptor upregulation in rat coronary arteries, and the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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13
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Cao L, Ping NN, Cao YX, Li W, Cai Y, Warfvinge K, Edvinsson L. The effects of MEK1/2 inhibition on cigarette smoke exposure-induced ET receptor upregulation in rat cerebral arteries. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 304:70-8. [PMID: 27212444 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking, a major stroke risk factor, upregulates endothelin receptors in cerebral arteries. The present study examined the effects of MEK1/2 pathway inhibition on cigarette smoke exposure-induced ET receptor upregulation. Rats were exposed to the secondhand smoke (SHS) for 8weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126 for another 4weeks. The urine cotinine levels were assessed with high-performance liquid chromatography. Contractile responses of isolated cerebral arteries were recorded by a sensitive wire myograph. The mRNA and protein expression levels of receptor and MEK/ERK1/2 pathway molecules were examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Cerebral artery receptor localization was determined with immunohistochemistry. The results showed the urine cotinine levels from SHS exposure group were significantly higher than those from the fresh group. In addition, the MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126 significantly reduced SHS exposure-increased ETA receptor mRNA and protein levels as well as contractile responses mediated by ETA receptors. The immunoreactivity of increased ETA receptor expression was primarily cytoplasmic in smooth muscle cells. In contrast, ETB receptor was noted in endothelial cells. However, the SHS-induced decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation was unchanged after U0126 treatment. Furthermore, SHS increased the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 protein in cerebral arteries. By using U0126 could inhibit the phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein but not MEK1/2. Taken together, our data show that treatment with MEK1/2 pathway inhibitor offsets SHS exposure-induced ETA receptor upregulation in rat cerebral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na-Na Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Karin Warfvinge
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Sweden
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14
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Meyer MR, Fredette NC, Sharma G, Barton M, Prossnitz ER. GPER is required for the age-dependent upregulation of the myocardial endothelin system. Life Sci 2016; 159:61-65. [PMID: 26880534 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac aging is associated with progressive structural changes and functional impairment, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Aging also increases myocardial activity of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a multifunctional peptide with growth-promoting and pro-fibrotic activity. Because the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) regulates vascular responsiveness to ET-1, we investigated whether GPER also plays a role in the regulation of the myocardial endothelin system with aging. MAIN METHODS Young (4month-old) and aged (24month-old) wild-type and Gper-deficient (Gper(-/-)) mice were studied. Gene expression levels of prepro-ET-1, endothelin converting enzymes ECE-1 and ECE-2, and endothelin ETA and ETB receptors were determined by qPCR in left ventricular myocardium. KEY FINDINGS Aging markedly increased steady-state mRNA expression levels of ECE-1, ECE-2, ETA and ETB receptors (each p<0.001 vs. young mice). Deletion of Gper inhibited the age-dependent increase in ECE-2 and ETB receptor mRNA levels (57% and 40% reduction, respectively, each p<0.01 vs. wild-type mice), whereas gene expression of prepro-ET-1, ECE-1, and the ETA receptor was unaffected in Gper(-/-) mice. SIGNIFICANCE We identified a novel regulatory mechanism through which the endogenous Gper facilitates the age-dependent increase in myocardial expression of ECE-2 and the ETB receptor, which is compatible with an activating role of GPER for the local endothelin system with aging. Targeting GPER signaling by selective antagonists may therefore be considered a new therapeutic approach to reduce age-dependent increased ET-1 activity and the associated development of left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - Natalie C Fredette
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Geetanjali Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
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15
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Wang R, Xiao X, Cao L, Shen ZX, Lei Y, Cao YX. Airborne fine particulate matter induces an upregulation of endothelin receptors on rat bronchi. Environ Pollut 2016; 209:11-20. [PMID: 26618262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a risk factor for respiratory diseases. However, little is known about the effects of PM2.5 on bronchi. The present study investigated the effect of airborne PM2.5 on rat bronchi and the underlying mechanisms. Isolated rat bronchial segments were cultured for 24 h. Endothelin (ET) receptor-mediated contractile responses were recorded using a wire myograph. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ET receptors were studied using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that ETA and ETB receptor agonists induced remarkable contractile responses on fresh and cultured bronchial segments. PM2.5 (1.0 or 3.0 μg/ml) significantly enhanced ETA and ETB receptor-mediated contractile responses in bronchi with a markedly increased maximal contraction compared to the DMSO or fresh groups. PM2.5 increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of ETA and ETB receptors. U0126 (a MEK1/2 inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) significantly suppressed PM2.5-induced increases in ETB receptor-mediated contractile responses, mRNA and protein levels. SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) and SB203580 significantly abrogated the PM2.5-induced enhancement of ETA receptor-mediated contraction and receptor expression. In conclusion, PM2.5 upregulates ET receptors in bronchi. ETB receptor upregulation is associated with MEK1/2 and p38 pathways, and the upregulation of ETA receptor is involved in JNK and p38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhen-xing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Jin C, Speed JS, Pollock DM. High salt intake increases endothelin B receptor function in the renal medulla of rats. Life Sci 2015; 159:144-147. [PMID: 26724217 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelin (ET)-1 promotes natriuresis via the endothelin B receptor (ETB) within the renal medulla. In male rats, direct interstitial infusion of ET-1 into the renal medulla has no effect on renal sodium and water excretion but is associated with endothelin A receptor (ETA)-dependent reductions in medullary blood flow. Loss of ETB function leads to salt-sensitive hypertension. We hypothesized that HS intake would increase the natriuretic and diuretic response to renal medullary infusion of ET peptides. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a normal (NS) or high (HS) salt diet for 7days. Rats were anesthetized and a catheter implanted in the renal medulla for interstitial infusion along with a ureteral catheter for urine collection. Medullary infusion of a low dose of ETB receptor agonist, sarafotoxin 6c (S6c; 0.15μg/kg/h), or ET-1 (0.45μg/kg/h) was used to determine changes in sodium excretion (UNaV). KEY FINDINGS In HS fed rats, intramedullary infusion of a low dose of S6c induced a significant increase in UNaV, roughly 2-fold over baseline, compared to no response to this low dose in NS fed rats. In HS fed rats, intramedullary infusion of ET-1 induced a significantly greater increase in UNaV compared to NS fed rats, although this increase was not different from the HS time control studies. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that high salt intake enhances the diuretic and natriuretic effects of ETB receptor activation in vivo consistent with a role for the ETB receptor in maintaining fluid-electrolyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Jin
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joshua S Speed
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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Maschauer S, Michel K, Tripal P, Büther K, Kuwert T, Schober O, Kopka K, Riemann B, Prante O. Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of an (18)F-labeled glycoconjugate of PD156707 for imaging ETA receptor expression in thyroid carcinoma by positron emission tomography. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 3:425-436. [PMID: 24116351 PMCID: PMC3784806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of the endothelin axis have been described in tumor angiogenesis and in highly vascularized tumors, such as thyroid carcinoma. Consequently, the endothelin (ET) receptor offers a molecular target for the visualization of the endothelin system in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET). We therefore endeavoured to develop a subtype-selective ETA receptor (ETAR) radioligand by introduction of a glycosyl moiety as a hydrophilic building block into the lead compound PD156707. Employing click chemistry we synthesized the triazolyl conjugated fluoroglucosyl derivative 1 that had high selectivity for ETAR (4.5 nM) over ETBR (1.2 μM). The radiosynthesis of the glycoconjugate [(18)F]1 was achieved by concomitant (18)F-labeling and glycosylation, providing [(18)F]1 in high radiochemical yields (20-25%, not corrected for decay, 70 min) and a specific activity of 41-138 GBq/μmol. Binding properties of [(18)F]1 were evaluated in vitro, and its biodistribution was measured in K1 thyroid carcinoma xenograft nude mice ex vivo and by molecular imaging. Although the very substantial excretion via hepatobiliary clearance was not decisively influenced by glycosylation, the (18)F-glycoconjugate was more stable in blood during PET recordings than was the previously described (18)F-fluoroethoxy analog. Small-animal PET imaging showed displacable binding of [(18)F]1 at ETAR in K1 tumors. The simple and efficient (18)F-radiosynthesis together with the excellent stability make the (18)F-labeled glycoconjugate [(18)F]1 a promising molecular tool for preclinical PET imaging studies of ETAR expression in thyroid carcinoma and other conditions with marked angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Maschauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin Michel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Büther
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Torsten Kuwert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Otmar Schober
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster48149 Münster, Germany
- New address: Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz)69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Riemann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Merlen C, Farhat N, Luo X, Chatenet D, Tadevosyan A, Villeneuve LR, Gillis MA, Nattel S, Thorin E, Fournier A, Allen BG. Intracrine endothelin signaling evokes IP3-dependent increases in nucleoplasmic Ca²⁺ in adult cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:189-202. [PMID: 23756157 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin receptors are present on the nuclear membranes in adult cardiac ventricular myocytes. The objectives of the present study were to determine 1) which endothelin receptor subtype is in cardiac nuclear membranes, 2) if the receptor and ligand traffic from the cell surface to the nucleus, and 3) the effect of increased intracellular ET-1 on nuclear Ca(2+) signaling. Confocal microscopy using fluorescently-labeled endothelin analogs confirmed the presence of ETB at the nuclear membrane of rat cardiomyocytes in skinned-cells and isolated nuclei. Furthermore, in both cardiac myocytes and aortic endothelial cells, endocytosed ET:ETB complexes translocated to lysosomes and not the nuclear envelope. Although ETA and ETB can form heterodimers, the presence or absence of ETA did not alter ETB trafficking. Treatment of isolated nuclei with peptide: N-glycosidase F did not alter the electrophoretic mobility of ETB. The absence of N-glycosylation further indicates that these receptors did not originate at the cell surface. Intracellular photolysis of a caged ET-1 analog ([Trp-ODMNB(21)]ET-1) evoked an increase in nucleoplasmic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]n) that was attenuated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and prevented by pre-treatment with ryanodine. A caged cell-permeable analog of the ETB-selective antagonist IRL-2500 blocked the ability of intracellular cET-1 to increase [Ca(2+)]n whereas extracellular application of ETA and ETB receptor antagonists did not. These data suggest that 1) the endothelin receptor in the cardiac nuclear membranes is ETB, 2) ETB traffics directly to the nuclear membrane after biosynthesis, 3) exogenous endothelins are not ligands for ETB on nuclear membranes, and 4) ETB associated with the nuclear membranes regulates nuclear Ca(2+) signaling.
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19
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Kang M, Walker JW, Chung KY. Endothelin receptor overexpression alters diastolic function in cultured rat ventricular myocytes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2012; 20:386-92. [PMID: 24009825 PMCID: PMC3762267 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.4.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelin (ET) signaling pathway controls many physiological processes in myocardium and often becomes upregulated in heart diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ET receptor upregulation on the contractile function of adult ventricular myocytes. Primary cultured adult rat ventricular myocytes were used as a model system of ET receptor overexpression in the heart. Endothelin receptor type A (ETA) or type B (ETB) was overexpressed by Adenoviral infection, and the twitch responses of infected ventricular myocytes were measured after ET-1 stimulation. Overexpression of ETA exaggerated positive inotropic effect (PIE) and diastolic shortening of ET-1, and induced a new twitch response including twitch broadening. On the contrary, overexpression of ETB increased PIE of ET-1, but did not affect other two twitch responses. Control myocytes expressing endogenous receptors showed a parallel increase in twitch amplitude and systolic Ca2+ in response to ET-1. However, intracellular Ca2+ did not change in proportion to the changes in contractility in myocytes overexpressing ETA. Overexpression of ETA enhanced both systolic and diastolic contractility without parallel changes in Ca2+. Differential regulation of this nature indicates that upregulation of ETA may contribute to diastolic myocardial dysfunction by selectively targeting myofi lament proteins that regulate resting cell length, twitch duration and responsiveness to prevailing Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuk Kang
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53076, USA ; Green Cross Corp., Yongin 446-770, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is unequivocally elevated in the kidney with ischemic acute renal failure (ARF), whereas ET receptors (ET(A)R and ET(B)R) are variably expressed. Although renal functional and structural changes are similar between ischemic and nephrotoxic ARF, there are few reports on the alteration in the ET system in nephrotoxic ARF. This study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate changes in renal expression of ET-1 and its receptors in nephrotoxic ARF induced by cisplatin. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 16 mg of cisplatin/kg at a single dose, and the expression of mRNA and protein was then quantified by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was conducted for localization. Three days after treatment, ET-1 transcript in cisplatin-treated mice was thirteen times higher than that in controls, whereas ET-1 peptide was increased by 1.5-fold. Cisplatin caused a 2-fold increase in the levels of ET(A)R mRNA and protein. Most of the increased immunoreactive ET-1 and ET(A)R were localized in damaged tubules. Neither the expression of ET(B)R mRNA nor the abundance and immunoreactive level of ET(B)R protein were changed. The findings suggest that the individual components of the renal ET system are differentially regulated in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwoo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-703, Korea
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Abstract
Portal hypertension (PHT) is a common clinical syndrome which leads to various severe, even lethal complications. The concentration of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in plasma is increased both in human body and PHT animal model. The effect of ET-1 depends on the kind of tissue and the expression of ET-1 receptor in this tissue. However, the expression of ET-1 receptor is not identical even in the same tissue at different PHT phases. This review aims to give an update on the endothelin syetem in PHT and elucidate a potential novel strategy.
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