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Pradeepkiran JA, Baig J, Seman A, Reddy PH. Mitochondria in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Mitophagy. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:440-457. [PMID: 36597577 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221139761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β and phosphorylated τ protein aggregates in the brain, which leads to the loss of neurons. Under the microscope, the function of mitochondria is uniquely primed to play a pivotal role in neuronal cell survival, energy metabolism, and cell death. Research studies indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive oxidative damage, and defective mitophagy in neurons are early indicators of AD. This review article summarizes the latest development of mitochondria in AD: 1) disease mechanism pathways, 2) the importance of mitochondria in neuronal functions, 3) metabolic pathways and functions, 4) the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy mechanisms in AD, and 5) the development of potential mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics and interventions to treat patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javaria Baig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Seman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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2
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Prajapati SK, Pathak A, Samaiya PK. Alzheimer's disease: from early pathogenesis to novel therapeutic approaches. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:1231-1254. [PMID: 39046584 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The mainstay behind Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown due to the elusive pathophysiology of the disease. Beta-amyloid and phosphorylated Tau is still widely incorporated in various research studies while studying AD. However, they are not sufficient. Therefore, many scientists and researchers have dug into AD studies to deliver many innovations in this field. Many novel biomarkers, such as phosphoglycerate-dehydrogenase, clusterin, microRNA, and a new peptide ratio (Aβ37/Aβ42) in cerebral-spinal fluid, plasma glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein, and lipid peroxidation biomarkers, are mushrooming. They are helping scientists find breakthroughs and substantiating their research on the early detection of AD. Neurovascular unit dysfunction in AD is a significant discovery that can help us understand the relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow. These new biomarkers are promising and can take these AD studies to another level. There have also been big steps forward in diagnosing and finding AD. One example is self-administered-gerocognitive-examination, which is less expensive and better at finding AD early on than mini-mental-state-examination. Quantum brain sensors and electrochemical biosensors are innovations in the detection field that must be explored and incorporated into the studies. Finally, novel innovations in AD studies like nanotheranostics are the future of AD treatment, which can not only diagnose and detect AD but also offer treatment. Non-pharmacological strategies to treat AD have also yielded interesting results. Our literature review spans from 1957 to 2022, capturing research and trends in the field over six decades. This review article is an update not only on the recent advances in the search for credible biomarkers but also on the newer detection techniques and therapeutic approaches targeting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Bhavdiya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Ayodhya, UP, India
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Arjit Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, 452003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet K Samaiya
- Department of Pharmacy Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, 452003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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3
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Bhole RP, Chikhale RV, Rathi KM. Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:8-42. [PMID: 38169888 PMCID: PMC10758887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive degenerative disorder first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, poses a significant public health challenge. Despite its prevalence and impact, there is currently no definitive ante mortem diagnosis for AD pathogenesis. By 2050, the United States may face a staggering 13.8 million AD patients. This review provides a concise summary of current AD biomarkers, available treatments, and potential future therapeutic approaches. The review begins by outlining existing drug targets and mechanisms in AD, along with a discussion of current treatment options. We explore various approaches targeting Amyloid β (Aβ), Tau Protein aggregation, Tau Kinases, Glycogen Synthase kinase-3β, CDK-5 inhibitors, Heat Shock Proteins (HSP), oxidative stress, inflammation, metals, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) modulators, and Notch signaling. Additionally, we examine the historical use of Estradiol (E2) as an AD therapy, as well as the outcomes of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that evaluated antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as alternative treatment options. Notably, positive effects of docosahexaenoic acid nutriment in older adults with cognitive impairment or AD are highlighted. Furthermore, this review offers insights into ongoing clinical trials and potential therapies, shedding light on the dynamic research landscape in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh P. Bhole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
| | | | - Karishma M. Rathi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Dr. D. Y. Patil institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
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4
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Boumali R, Urli L, Naim M, Soualmia F, Kinugawa K, Petropoulos I, El Amri C. Kallikrein-related peptidase's significance in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: A comprehensive survey. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00076-2. [PMID: 38608749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias constitute an important global health challenge. Detailed understanding of the multiple molecular mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis constitutes a clue for the management of the disease. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs), a lead family of serine proteases, have emerged as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the context of AD and associated cognitive decline. Hence, KLKs were proposed to display multifaceted impacts influencing various aspects of neurodegeneration, including amyloid-beta aggregation, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction. We propose here a comprehensive survey to summarize recent findings, providing an overview of the main kallikreins implicated in AD pathophysiology namely KLK8, KLK6 and KLK7. We explore the interplay between KLKs and key AD molecular pathways, shedding light on their significance as potential biomarkers for early disease detection. We also discuss their pertinence as therapeutic targets for disease-modifying interventions to develop innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at halting or ameliorating the progression of AD and associated dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilès Boumali
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France
| | - Laureline Urli
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France
| | - Meriem Naim
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France
| | - Feryel Soualmia
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France
| | - Kiyoka Kinugawa
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France; AP-HP, Paris, France; Charles-Foix Hospital, Functional Exploration Unit for Older Patients, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Isabelle Petropoulos
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France.
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France.
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5
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Delaby C, Lehmann S. [On the road to biological blood diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:351-360. [PMID: 38651960 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2024037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a major public health problem. The diagnosis of AD is multidisciplinary and involves the use of amyloid and tau biomarkers measured in cerebrospinal fluid. Recent advances in analytical techniques now allow us to measure these biomarkers in blood. Blood biomarkers offer particularly promising potential for early, minimally invasive detection of AD, as well as for differential diagnosis of dementia and patient follow-up. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current and candidate blood biomarkers for AD, their informative value, and their potential to be integrated into clinical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Delaby
- LBPC-PPC, Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM Inserm U1298, Montpellier, France - Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelone, Espagne
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC-PPC, Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM Inserm U1298, Montpellier, France
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6
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Di Domenico F, Lanzillotta C, Perluigi M. Redox imbalance and metabolic defects in the context of Alzheimer disease. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38472147 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Redox reactions play a critical role for intracellular processes, including pathways involved in metabolism and signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act either as second messengers or generators of protein modifications, fundamental mechanisms for signal transduction. Disturbance of redox homeostasis is associated with many disorders. Among these, Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology that presents hallmarks of oxidative damage such as increased ROS production, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative modifications of macromolecules, and changes in mitochondrial homeostasis. Interestingly, alteration of redox homeostasis is closely associated with defects of energy metabolism, involving both carbohydrates and lipids, the major energy fuels for the cell. As the brain relies exclusively on glucose metabolism, defects of glucose utilization represent a harmful event for the brain. During aging, a progressive perturbation of energy metabolism occurs resulting in brain hypometabolism. This condition contributes to increase neuronal cell vulnerability ultimately resulting in cognitive impairment. The current review discusses the crosstalk between alteration of redox homeostasis and brain energy defects that seems to act in concert in promoting Alzheimer's neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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7
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Sarkar D, Bhunia A. Delineating the Role of GxxxG Motif in Amyloidogenesis: A New Perspective in Targeting Amyloid-Beta Mediated AD Pathogenesis. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2024; 4:4-19. [PMID: 38404748 PMCID: PMC10885112 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit of a novel structural motif that can shed light on the key functional attributes is a primary focus in the study of protein folding disorders. Decades of research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have centered on the Amyloid β (Aβ) pathway, highlighting its significance in understanding the disorder. The diversity in the Aβ pathway and the possible silent tracks which are yet to discover, makes it exceedingly intimidating to the interdisciplinary scientific community. Over the course of AD research, Aβ has consistently been at the forefront of scientific inquiry and discussion. In this review, we epitomize the role of a potential structural motif (GxxxG motif) that may provide a new horizon to the Aβ conflict. We emphasize on how comprehensive understanding of this motif from a structure-function perspective may pave the way for designing novel therapeutics intervention in AD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibakar Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Sector V, Salt Lake EN
80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Sector V, Salt Lake EN
80, Kolkata 700 091, India
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8
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Papazoglou A, Henseler C, Weickhardt S, Teipelke J, Papazoglou P, Daubner J, Schiffer T, Krings D, Broich K, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A, Ehninger D, Scholl C, Haenisch B, Weiergräber M. Sex- and region-specific cortical and hippocampal whole genome transcriptome profiles from control and APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296959. [PMID: 38324617 PMCID: PMC10849391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A variety of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models has been established and characterized within the last decades. To get an integrative view of the sophisticated etiopathogenesis of AD, whole genome transcriptome studies turned out to be indispensable. Here we carried out microarray data collection based on RNA extracted from the retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus of age-matched, eight months old male and female APP/PS1 AD mice and control animals to perform sex- and brain region specific analysis of transcriptome profiles. The results of our studies reveal novel, detailed insight into differentially expressed signature genes and related fold changes in the individual APP/PS1 subgroups. Gene ontology and Venn analysis unmasked that intersectional, upregulated genes were predominantly involved in, e.g., activation of microglial, astrocytic and neutrophilic cells, innate immune response/immune effector response, neuroinflammation, phagosome/proteasome activation, and synaptic transmission. The number of (intersectional) downregulated genes was substantially less in the different subgroups and related GO categories included, e.g., the synaptic vesicle docking/fusion machinery, synaptic transmission, rRNA processing, ubiquitination, proteasome degradation, histone modification and cellular senescence. Importantly, this is the first study to systematically unravel sex- and brain region-specific transcriptome fingerprints/signature genes in APP/PS1 mice. The latter will be of central relevance in future preclinical and clinical AD related studies, biomarker characterization and personalized medicinal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papazoglou
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Henseler
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Weickhardt
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jenni Teipelke
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Panagiota Papazoglou
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Johanna Daubner
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Teresa Schiffer
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Damian Krings
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Catharina Scholl
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Britta Haenisch
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Center for Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Zhang T, Kim BM, Lee TH. Death-associated protein kinase 1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38195518 PMCID: PMC10775678 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly and represents a major clinical challenge in the ageing society. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD include neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, senile plaques derived from the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, brain atrophy induced by neuronal loss, and synaptic dysfunctions. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system. Dysregulation of DAPK1 has been shown to contribute to various neurological diseases including AD, ischemic stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD). We have established an upstream effect of DAPK1 on Aβ and tau pathologies and neuronal apoptosis through kinase-mediated protein phosphorylation, supporting a causal role of DAPK1 in the pathophysiology of AD. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about how DAPK1 is involved in various AD pathological changes including tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ deposition, neuronal cell death and synaptic degeneration. The underlying molecular mechanisms of DAPK1 dysregulation in AD are discussed. We also review the recent progress regarding the development of novel DAPK1 modulators and their potential applications in AD intervention. These findings substantiate DAPK1 as a novel therapeutic target for the development of multifunctional disease-modifying treatments for AD and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Research Center for New Drug Development, AgingTarget Inc., 10F Ace Cheonggye Tower, 53, Seonggogae-Ro, Uiwang-Si, 16006, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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10
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Arora R, Babbar R, Dabra A, Chopra B, Deswal G, Grewal AS. Marine-derived Compounds: A Powerful Platform for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:166-181. [PMID: 38305396 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249269050231129103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating form of dementia that primarily affects cholinergic neurons in the brain, significantly reducing an individual's capacity for learning and creative skills and ultimately resulting in an inability to carry out even basic daily tasks. As the elderly population is exponentially increasing, the disease has become a significant concern for society. Therefore, neuroprotective substances have garnered considerable interest in addressing this universal issue. Studies have shown that oxidative damage to neurons contributes to the pathophysiological processes underlying AD progression. In AD, tau phosphorylation and glutamate excitotoxicity may play essential roles, but no permanent cure for AD is available. The existing therapies only manage the early symptoms of AD and often come with numerous side effects and toxicities. To address these challenges, researchers have turned to nature and explored various sources such as plants, animals, and marine organisms. Many historic holy books from different cultures emphasize that adding marine compounds to the regular diet enhances brain function and mitigates its decline. Consequently, researchers have devoted significant time to identifying potentially active neuroprotective substances from marine sources. Marine-derived compounds are gaining recognition due to their abundant supply of diverse chemical compounds with biological and pharmacological potential and unique mechanisms of action. Several studies have reported that plants exhibit multitarget potential in treating AD. In light of this, the current study focuses on marine-derived components with excellent potential for treating this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek Dabra
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Bhawna Chopra
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Geeta Deswal
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
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11
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Wang X, Zhou R, Sun X, Li J, Wang J, Yue W, Wang L, Liu H, Shi Y, Zhang D. Preferential Regulation of Γ-Secretase-Mediated Cleavage of APP by Ganglioside GM1 Reveals a Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303411. [PMID: 37759382 PMCID: PMC10646247 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the senile plaque, which contains β-amyloid peptides (Aβ). Ganglioside GM1 is the most common brain ganglioside. However, the mechanism of GM1 in modulating Aβ processing is rarely known. Aβ levels are detected by using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) is used to determine the structure of γ-secretase supplemented with GM1. The levels of the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP)/Cadherin/Notch1 are detected using Western blot analysis. Y maze, object translocation, and Barnes maze are performed to evaluate cognitive functions. GM1 leads to conformational change of γ-secretase structure and specifically accelerates γ-secretase cleavage of APP without affecting other substrates including Notch1, potentially through its interaction with the N-terminal fragment of presenilin 1 (PS1). Reduction of GM1 levels decreases amyloid plaque deposition and improves cognitive dysfunction. This study reveals the mechanism of GM1 in Aβ generation and provides the evidence that decreasing GM1 levels represents a potential strategy in AD treatment. These results provide insights into the detailed mechanism of the effect of GM1 on PS1, representing a step toward the characterization of its novel role in the modulation of γ-secretase activity and the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
- Changping LaboratoryBeijing102206China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xiaqin Sun
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
| | - Jun Li
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
- PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Changping LaboratoryBeijing102206China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation CenterPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yigong Shi
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Science and BiomedicineHangzhouZhejiang310024China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310024China
- Institute of BiologyWestlake Institute for Advanced Study18 Shilongshan Road, Xihu DistrictHangzhouZhejiang310024China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
- Changping LaboratoryBeijing102206China
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12
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Krasnobaev VD, Bershatsky YV, Bocharova OV, Bocharov EV, Batishchev OV. Amyloid Precursor Protein Changes Arrangement in a Membrane and Its Structure Depending on the Cholesterol Content. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:706. [PMID: 37623767 PMCID: PMC10456541 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the brain. The processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) into Aβ is dependent on the location of APP in the membrane, membrane lipid composition and, possibly, presence of lipid rafts. In this study, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the interaction between transmembrane fragment APP672-726 (corresponding to Aβ1-55) and its amyloidogenic mutant L723P with membranes combining liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered lipid phases. Our results demonstrated that most of the APP672-726 is located either in the liquid-disordered phase or at the boundary between ordered and disordered phases, and hardly ever in rafts. We did not notice any major changes in the domain structure induced by APP672-726. In membranes without cholesterol APP672-726, and especially its amyloidogenic mutant L723P formed annular structures and clusters rising above the membrane. Presence of cholesterol led to the appearance of concave membrane regions up to 2 nm in depth that were deeper for wild type APP672-726. Thus, membrane cholesterol regulates changes in membrane structure and permeability induced by APP that might be connected with further formation of membrane pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir D. Krasnobaev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutski per., 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; (Y.V.B.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Yaroslav V. Bershatsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutski per., 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; (Y.V.B.); (E.V.B.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Olga V. Bocharova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Eduard V. Bocharov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutski per., 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; (Y.V.B.); (E.V.B.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Oleg V. Batishchev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
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13
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Yim YY, Nestler EJ. Cell-Type-Specific Neuroproteomics of Synapses. Biomolecules 2023; 13:998. [PMID: 37371578 PMCID: PMC10296650 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, our knowledge of synaptic proteomes and their relationship to normal brain function and neuropsychiatric disorders has been expanding rapidly through the use of more powerful neuroproteomic approaches. However, mass spectrometry (MS)-based neuroproteomic studies of synapses still require cell-type, spatial, and temporal proteome information. With the advancement of sample preparation and MS techniques, we have just begun to identify and understand proteomes within a given cell type, subcellular compartment, and cell-type-specific synapse. Here, we review the progress and limitations of MS-based neuroproteomics of synapses in the mammalian CNS and highlight the recent applications of these approaches in studying neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder and substance use disorders. Combining neuroproteomic findings with other omics studies can generate an in-depth, comprehensive map of synaptic proteomes and possibly identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for several central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Young Yim
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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14
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Radwan AA, Alanazi FK, Raish M. Design and synthesis of multi-functional small-molecule based inhibitors of amyloid-β aggregation: Molecular modeling and in vitro evaluation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286195. [PMID: 37228136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42) peptide aggregate formation in the brain plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. According to published research, the Aβ monomer's amino acid residues KLVFF (16-20) self-associate to create antiparallel β-sheet fibrils. Small compounds can prevent self-assembly and destroy Aβ fibrils by attaching to the Aβ16-20 regions of Aβ42. To enhance biological characteristics and binding affinity to the amyloid beta peptide, β-sheet breaker small molecules can be developed and modified with various scaffolds. In the current study, a novel series of 2,3-disubstitutedbenzofuran derivatives was designed and created by fusing the benzofuran core of a known iron chelator, neuroprotective, and neurorestorative agent, like VK-28, with a motif found in the structure of a known muscarinic inhibitor and amyloid binding agent, like SKF-64346. Measurements of the binding affinity and in vitro aggregation inhibition of the Aβ42 peptide were made using the thioflavin T (ThT) test. Using AutoDock 4.2 software, molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds were performed on the monomer and fibril structures of amyloid beta peptide. The compounds 8a-8g exhibited strong binding energy and affinity to Aβ fibrils as well as a 50%-67% reduction of the growth of Aβ aggregation. Finally, the positive traits of our recently synthesized compounds make them excellent candidates for additional in vivo testing as a "β-sheet breaking agent."
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Affiliation(s)
- Awwad A Radwan
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Capitini C, Bigi A, Parenti N, Emanuele M, Bianchi N, Cascella R, Cecchi C, Maggi L, Annunziato F, Pavone FS, Calamai M. APP and Bace1: Differential effect of cholesterol enrichment on processing and plasma membrane mobility. iScience 2023; 26:106611. [PMID: 37128606 PMCID: PMC10148118 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High cholesterol levels are a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease. Experiments investigating the influence of cholesterol on the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β-secretase Bace1 and on their proximity in cells have led to conflicting results. By using a fluorescence bioassay coupled with flow cytometry we found a direct correlation between the increase in membrane cholesterol amount and the degree of APP shedding in living human neuroblastoma cells. Analogue results were obtained for cells overexpressing an APP mutant that cannot be processed by α-secretase, highlighting the major influence of cholesterol enrichment on the cleavage of APP carried out by Bace1. By contrast, the cholesterol content was not correlated with changes in membrane dynamics of APP and Bace1 analyzed with single molecule tracking, indicating that the effect of cholesterol enrichment on APP processing by Bace1 is uncoupled from changes in their lateral diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capitini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, 50019Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Parenti
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, 50019Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Emanuele
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, 50019Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bianchi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, 50019Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, 50019Florence, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Largo Fermi 6, 50125Florence, Italy
| | - Martino Calamai
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, 50019Florence, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Largo Fermi 6, 50125Florence, Italy
- Corresponding author
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16
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Peppercorn K, Kleffmann T, Hughes SM, Tate WP. Secreted Amyloid Precursor Protein Alpha (sAPPα) Regulates the Cellular Proteome and Secretome of Mouse Primary Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087165. [PMID: 37108327 PMCID: PMC10138557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted amyloid precursor protein alpha (sAPPα), processed from a parent mammalian brain protein, amyloid precursor protein, can modulate learning and memory. Recently it has been shown to modulate the transcriptome and proteome of human neurons, including proteins with neurological functions. Here, we analysed whether the acute administration of sAPPα facilitated changes in the proteome and secretome of mouse primary astrocytes in culture. Astrocytes contribute to the neuronal processes of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Cortical mouse astrocytes in culture were exposed to 1 nM sAPPα, and changes in both the whole-cell proteome (2 h) and the secretome (6 h) were identified with Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Spectra-Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS). Differentially regulated proteins were identified in both the cellular proteome and secretome that are involved with neurologically related functions of the normal physiology of the brain and central nervous system. Groups of proteins have a relationship to APP and have roles in the modulation of cell morphology, vesicle dynamics and the myelin sheath. Some are related to pathways containing proteins whose genes have been previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The secretome is also enriched in proteins related to Insulin Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) signaling and the extracellular matrix (ECM). There is the promise that a more specific investigation of these proteins will help to understand the mechanisms of how sAPPα signaling affects memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Peppercorn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Research Infrastructure Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Genetics Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Warren P Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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17
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Bhatti JS, Khullar N, Mishra J, Kaur S, Sehrawat A, Sharma E, Bhatti GK, Selman A, Reddy PH. Stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease - Promises and pitfalls. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166712. [PMID: 37030521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread form of neurodegenerative disorder that causes memory loss and multiple cognitive issues. The underlying mechanisms of AD include the build-up of amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau, synaptic damage, elevated levels of microglia and astrocytes, abnormal microRNAs, mitochondrial dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, and age-related neuronal loss. However, the etiology of AD is complex and involves a multitude of environmental and genetic factors. Currently, available AD medications only alleviate symptoms and do not provide a permanent cure. Therefore, there is a need for therapies that can prevent or reverse cognitive decline, brain tissue loss, and neural instability. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for AD because stem cells possess the unique ability to differentiate into any type of cell and maintain their self-renewal. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of AD and existing pharmacological treatments. This review article focuses on the role of various types of stem cells in neuroregeneration, the potential challenges, and the future of stem cell-based therapies for AD, including nano delivery and gaps in stem cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Eva Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ashley Selman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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18
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Anwar MM, Mabrouk AA. Hepatic and cardiac implications of increased toxic amyloid-beta serum level in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in rats: new insights into alleviating therapeutic interventions. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1257-1277. [PMID: 37017850 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a devastating predisposing factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A number of clinical findings have reported peripheral disorders among AD patients. Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a toxic physiological aggregate that serves as a triggering factor for hepatic and cardiac disorders related to neurotoxicity. As a drawback of Aβ excessive accumulation in the brain, part of Aβ is believed to readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the peripheral circulation resulting in serious inflammatory and toxic cascades acting as a direct bridge to cardiac and hepatic pathophysiology. The main aim is to find out whether neuroinflammation-related AD may result in cardiac and liver dysfunctions. Potential therapeutic interventions are also suggested to alleviate AD's cardiac and hepatic defects. Male rats were divided into: control group I, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-neuroinflammatory-induced group II, LPS-neuroinflammatory-induced group treated with sodium hydrogen sulphide donor (NaHS) (group III), and LPS-neuroinflammatory-induced group treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (group IV). Behavior and histopathological studies were conducted in addition to the estimation of different biological biomarkers. It was revealed that the increased toxic Aβ level in blood resulted in cardiac and hepatic malfunctions as a drawback of exaggerated inflammatory cascades. The administration of NaHS and MSCs proved their efficiency in combating neuroinflammatory drawbacks by hindering cardiac and hepatic dysfunctions. The consistent direct association of decreased heart and liver functions with increased Aβ levels highlights the direct involvement of AD in other organ complications. Thereby, these findings will open new avenues for combating neuroinflammatory-related AD and long-term asymptomatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A Mabrouk
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
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Delaby C, Hirtz C, Lehmann S. Overview of the blood biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: Promises and challenges. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:161-172. [PMID: 36371265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of people with advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a significant psychological and financial cost to the world population. Accurate detection of the earliest phase of preclinical AD is of major importance for the success of preventive and therapeutic strategies (Cullen et al., 2021). Advances in analytical techniques have been essential for the development of sensitive, specific and reliable diagnostic tests for AD biomarkers in biological fluids (cerebrospinal fluid and blood). Blood biomarkers hold promising potential for early and minimally invasive detection of AD, but also for differential diagnosis of dementia and for monitoring the course of the disease. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current blood biomarkers of AD, from tau proteins and amyloid peptides to biomarkers of neuronal degeneration and inflammation, reactive and metabolic factors. We thus discuss the informative value of currently candidate blood biomarkers and their potential to be integrated into clinical practice for the management of AD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delaby
- LBPC-PPC, Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM Inserm, Montpellier, France; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Hirtz
- LBPC-PPC, Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - S Lehmann
- LBPC-PPC, Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM Inserm, Montpellier, France.
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20
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MicroRNAs and MAPKs: Evidence of These Molecular Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054736. [PMID: 36902178 PMCID: PMC10003111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder known to be the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Many microRNAs (miRNAs) were found deregulated in the brain or blood of AD patients, suggesting a possible key role in different stages of neurodegeneration. In particular, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling can be impaired by miRNA dysregulation during AD. Indeed, the aberrant MAPK pathway may facilitate the development of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Tau pathology, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and brain cell death. The aim of this review was to describe the molecular interactions between miRNAs and MAPKs during AD pathogenesis by selecting evidence from experimental AD models. Publications ranging from 2010 to 2023 were considered, based on PubMed and Web of Science databases. According to obtained data, several miRNA deregulations may regulate MAPK signaling in different stages of AD and conversely. Moreover, overexpressing or silencing miRNAs involved in MAPK regulation was seen to improve cognitive deficits in AD animal models. In particular, miR-132 is of particular interest due to its neuroprotective functions by inhibiting Aβ and Tau depositions, as well as oxidative stress, through ERK/MAPK1 signaling modulation. However, further investigations are required to confirm and implement these promising results.
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21
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Chen J, Guo N, Ruan Y, Mai Y, Liao W, Feng Y. Isoniazid improves cognitive performance, clears Aβ plaques, and protects dendritic synapses in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1105095. [PMID: 36743440 PMCID: PMC9892762 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and neuroinflammation. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of isoniazid (INH) against AD. Methods The APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD was adopted. The APP/PS1 mice received oral INH (45 mg/kg/d) for 14 days. The cognitive capability was assessed by the Morris Water Maze test. Amyloid plaques and Aβ levels were determined by immunohistochemistry and ELISA assay. The dendritic spines were analyzed by DiOlistic labeling. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the microglia and astrocytes. Results The Morris Water Maze test suggested that INH administration can effectively attenuate the reference memory deficit and improve the working memory of the APP/PS1 mice compared to the untreated mice (all p < 0.001). INH significantly decreased the Aβ plaques in the hippocampus and cortex and reduced the levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the brain homogenates, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum (all p < 0.001). INH also inhibited enzyme activities of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1, p < 0.05) and monoamine oxidase B (Mao-b, p < 0.01). INH significantly increased the protrusion density in the hippocampus (p < 0.01). Immunofluorescence staining revealed that INH significantly reduced the number of activated microglia and astrocytes around the Aβ plaques (both p < 0.01). Conclusion Isoniazid administration effectively improved cognitive performance, cleared Aβ plaques, protected dendritic synapses, and reduced innate immune cells around the Aβ plaques, suggesting that INH could be a potential drug for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Ruan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingren Mai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wang Liao, ✉
| | - Yanqing Feng
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Guangzhou, China,Yanqing Feng, ✉
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22
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Alihosseini T, Azizi M, Abbasi N, Mohammadpour S, Bagheri M. Amelioration of amyloid beta (Aβ 1-40) neurotoxicity by administration of silibinin; a behavioral and biochemical assessment. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:791-798. [PMID: 37396937 PMCID: PMC10311968 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.66831.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and death in the world. Currently, treatment mostly used to slow down the disease progression. Herbal remedies are considered by many in the community as a natural and safe treatment with fewer side effects. Silibinin, the active ingredient of Silybum marionum, has anti-oxidant, neurotrophic and neuroprotective characteristics. Therefore, here, the effect of different doses of Silibinin extract on oxidative stress and expression of neurotrophic factors was investigated. Materials and Methods Forty eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, lesion; Aβ1-40 injection, lesion-treatment; Aβ1-40 injection followed by different doses of silibinin (50, 100, 200 mg / kg) through gavage and lesion-vehicle group; Aβ1-40 injection + vehicle of silibinin. Morris water Maze (MWM) was done 28 days after the last treatment. Hippocampal tissue was removed for biochemical analysis. Production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of BDNF/VEGF and cell viability were measured using Griess, fluorimetry, Western blotting and MTT techniques. Results Different concentrations of silibinin improved behavioral performance in animals. Higher doses of Silibinin could improve memory and learning function through MWM. Also, increasing the concentration of silibinin resulted in decreased ROS and NO production in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Consequently, silibinin may act as a potential candidate for alleviating symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Alihosseini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, llam, Iran
| | - Monireh Azizi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, llam, Iran
| | - Nasser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shahram Mohammadpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, llam, Iran
| | - Maryam Bagheri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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23
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Acquasaliente L, De Filippis V. The Role of Proteolysis in Amyloidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010699. [PMID: 36614141 PMCID: PMC9820691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidoses are a group of diseases associated with deposits of amyloid fibrils in different tissues. So far, 36 different types of amyloidosis are known, each due to the misfolding and accumulation of a specific protein. Amyloid deposits can be found in several organs, including the heart, brain, kidneys, and spleen, and can affect single or multiple organs. Generally, amyloid-forming proteins become prone to aggregate due to genetic mutations, acquired environmental factors, excessive concentration, or post-translational modifications. Interestingly, amyloid aggregates are often composed of proteolytic fragments, derived from the degradation of precursor proteins by yet unidentified proteases, which display higher amyloidogenic tendency compared to precursor proteins, thus representing an important mechanism in the onset of amyloid-based diseases. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the proteolytic susceptibility of three of the main human amyloidogenic proteins, i.e., transthyretin, β-amyloid precursor protein, and α-synuclein, in the onset of amyloidosis. We also highlight the role that proteolytic enzymes can play in the crosstalk between intestinal inflammation and amyloid-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Acquasaliente
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (V.D.F.); Tel.: +39-0498275703 (L.A.); +39-0498275698 (V.D.F.)
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (V.D.F.); Tel.: +39-0498275703 (L.A.); +39-0498275698 (V.D.F.)
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Pharmacotherapy Evolution in Alzheimer's Disease: Current Framework and Relevant Directions. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010131. [PMID: 36611925 PMCID: PMC9818415 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), once considered a rare disease, is now the most common form of dementia in the elderly population. Current drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate antagonists) are safe but of limited benefit to most patients, offering symptomatic relief without successful cure of the disease. Since the last several decades, there has been a great need for the development of a treatment that might cure the underlying causes of AD and thereby slow its progression in vulnerable individuals. That is why phase I, II, and III studies that act on several fronts, such as cognitive improvement, symptom reduction, and enhancing the basic biology of AD, are imperative to stop the disease. This review discusses current treatment strategies, summarizing the clinical features and pharmacological properties, along with molecular docking analyses of the existing medications.
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Lin FL, Yen JT, Fang PW, Xu SQ, Lin JC, Tan KT. Protein-Labeling Fluorescent Probe Reveals Ectodomain Shedding of Transmembrane Carbonic Anhydrases. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3218-3228. [PMID: 36318872 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ectodomain shedding is a form of limited proteolysis in which a protease cleaves a transmembrane protein, releasing the extracellular domain from the cell surface. Cells use this process to regulate a wide variety of biological events. Typically, immunological detection methods are employed for the analysis of ectodomains secreted into the cultured media. In this paper, we describe a new strategy using an affinity-based protein-labeling fluorescent probe to study ectodomain shedding. We analyzed the ectodomain shedding of cell surface carbonic anhydrases (CAIX and CAXII), which are important biomarkers for tumor hypoxia. Using both chemical and genetic approaches, we identified that the ADAM17 metalloprotease is responsible for the shedding of carbonic anhydrases. Compared to current immunological methods, this protein-labeling approach not only detects ectodomain released into the culture media but also allows real-time living cell tracking and quantitative analysis of remnant proteins on the cell surface, thereby providing a more detailed insight into the mechanism of ectodomain shedding as well as protein lifetime on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ling Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Jui-Ting Yen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Pin-Wen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Shun-Qiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Jing-Cyun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Republic of China.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Republic of China.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan Republic of China
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Alraawi Z, Banerjee N, Mohanty S, Kumar TKS. Amyloidogenesis: What Do We Know So Far? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213970. [PMID: 36430450 PMCID: PMC9695042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of protein aggregation, and amyloidosis in particular, has gained considerable interest in recent times. Several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) show a characteristic buildup of proteinaceous aggregates in several organs, especially the brain. Despite the enormous upsurge in research articles in this arena, it would not be incorrect to say that we still lack a crystal-clear idea surrounding these notorious aggregates. In this review, we attempt to present a holistic picture on protein aggregation and amyloids in particular. Using a chronological order of discoveries, we present the case of amyloids right from the onset of their discovery, various biophysical techniques, including analysis of the structure, the mechanisms and kinetics of the formation of amyloids. We have discussed important questions on whether aggregation and amyloidosis are restricted to a subset of specific proteins or more broadly influenced by the biophysiochemical and cellular environment. The therapeutic strategies and the significant failure rate of drugs in clinical trials pertaining to these neurodegenerative diseases have been also discussed at length. At a time when the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the globe hard, the review also discusses the plausibility of the far-reaching consequences posed by the virus, such as triggering early onset of amyloidosis. Finally, the application(s) of amyloids as useful biomaterials has also been discussed briefly in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Alraawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fulbright College of Art and Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Srujana Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741246, India
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Amyloid β, Lipid Metabolism, Basal Cholinergic System, and Therapeutics in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012092. [PMID: 36292947 PMCID: PMC9603563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of insoluble aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) in the form of neuritic plaques (NPs) is one of the main features that define Alzheimer’s disease. Studies have suggested that the accumulation of these peptides in the brain significantly contributes to extensive neuronal loss. Furthermore, the content and distribution of cholesterol in the membrane have been shown to have an important effect on the production and subsequent accumulation of Aβ peptides in the plasma membrane, contributing to dysfunction and neuronal death. The monomeric forms of these membrane-bound peptides undergo several conformational changes, ranging from oligomeric forms to beta-sheet structures, each presenting different levels of toxicity. Aβ peptides can be internalized by particular receptors and trigger changes from Tau phosphorylation to alterations in cognitive function, through dysfunction of the cholinergic system. The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of lipids in Alzheimer’s disease and their relationship with the basal cholinergic system, as well as potential disease-modifying therapies.
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Bittencourt LO, Matta PPM, Nascimento PC, Eiró-Quirino L, Aragão WAB, Dionizio A, Fernandes LMP, Silva MCF, Buzalaf MAR, Aschner M, Crespo-Lopez ME, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Deciphering the Global Proteomic Profile Involved in Methylmercury-Induced Cerebellar Neurodegeneration and Motor Dysfunction in Adult Rats. TOXICS 2022; 10:531. [PMID: 36136496 PMCID: PMC9500842 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a ubiquitous pollutant in the environment with potential neurotoxic effects. Several populations are susceptible to mercurial exposure, especially methylmercury (MeHg) at low doses for long periods through food consumption. Given this, the present work aimed to assess the effects of long-term MeHg exposure on the cerebellum of rats from a translational perspective using a representative dose, assessing molecular, biochemical, morphological, and behavioral parameters. The model was produced by administering 40 µg/kg of MeHg for 60 days to adult male Wistar rats by oral gavage. As a result of this exposure, the animals presented motor deficits in open field and rotarod tests which were associated with an increase in total mercury content in cerebellar parenchyma, a reduction in antioxidant competence against peroxyl radicals, and increased nitrite and lipid peroxidation levels. The proteomic approach showed 317 modulated proteins. Such findings were associated with reductions in mature neuron and Purkinje cell densities and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostained areas and increased microglial density. In addition, decreases in myelin basic protein and synaptophysin immunostaining were also observed. The results thus provided new evidence of the mechanisms underlying complex MeHg-induced neurodegeneration, especially the proteins underlying the biochemical and morphological features associated with motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro Philipe Moreira Matta
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Eiró-Quirino
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-90, SP, Brazil
| | - Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes
- Department of Morphology and Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State Unversity of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Freitas Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
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Effects of Combining Biofactors on Bioenergetic Parameters, Aβ Levels and Survival in Alzheimer Model Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158670. [PMID: 35955803 PMCID: PMC9368976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased amyloid beta (Aβ) levels and mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) in the human brain characterize Alzheimer disease (AD). Folic acid, magnesium and vitamin B6 are essential micro-nutrients that may provide neuroprotection. Bioenergetic parameters and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing products were investigated in vitro in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells, expressing neuronal APP, and in vivo, in the invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans (CL2006 & GMC101) expressing muscular APP. Model organisms were incubated with either folic acid and magnesium-orotate (ID63) or folic acid, magnesium-orotate and vitamin B6 (ID64) in different concentrations. ID63 and ID64 reduced Aβ, soluble alpha APP (sAPPα), and lactate levels in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells. The latter might be explained by enhanced expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA). Micronutrient combinations had no effects on mitochondrial parameters in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells. ID64 showed a significant life-prolonging effect in C. elegans CL2006. Incubation of GMC101 with ID63 significantly lowered Aβ aggregation. Both combinations significantly reduced paralysis and thus improved the phenotype in GMC101. Thus, the combinations of the tested biofactors are effective in pre-clinical models of AD by interfering with Aβ related pathways and glycolysis.
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30
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Dysregulated miRNAs in Progression and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6107-6124. [PMID: 35867206 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degeneration of neurons due to the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein in the neuronal milieu leading to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Numerous factors contribute towards the progression of AD, including miRNA, which are 22-24 nucleotides long sequence which acts as critical regulators of cellular processes by binding to 3' UTR of mRNA, regulating its expression post-transcriptionally. This review aims to determine the miRNA with the most significant dysregulation in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human patients. A systemized inclusion/exclusion criterion has been utilized based on selected keywords followed by screening of those articles to conclude a list of 8 highly dysregulated miRNAs based on the fold change of AD vs control patients, which could be used in clinical testing as these miRNAs play central role in the pathophysiology of AD. Furthermore, a network study of highly dysregulated miRNA estimated the association of these miRNA in the mediation of Aβ generation and aggregation, inhibition of autophagy, reduction of Aβ clearance, microglial and astrocytic activation, neuro-inflammation, tau hyper-phosphorylation, and synaptic loss.
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31
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Alachkar A, Lee J, Asthana K, Vakil Monfared R, Chen J, Alhassen S, Samad M, Wood M, Mayer EA, Baldi P. The hidden link between circadian entropy and mental health disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:281. [PMID: 35835742 PMCID: PMC9283542 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The high overlapping nature of various features across multiple mental health disorders suggests the existence of common psychopathology factor(s) (p-factors) that mediate similar phenotypic presentations across distinct but relatable disorders. In this perspective, we argue that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is a common underlying p-factor that bridges across mental health disorders within their age and sex contexts. We present and analyze evidence from the literature for the critical roles circadian rhythmicity plays in regulating mental, emotional, and behavioral functions throughout the lifespan. A review of the literature shows that coarse CRD, such as sleep disruption, is prevalent in all mental health disorders at the level of etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical phenotypical manifestations. Finally, we discuss the subtle interplay of CRD with sex in relation to these disorders across different stages of life. Our perspective highlights the need to shift investigations towards molecular levels, for instance, by using spatiotemporal circadian "omic" studies in animal models to identify the complex and causal relationships between CRD and mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Justine Lee
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Kalyani Asthana
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Roudabeh Vakil Monfared
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Sammy Alhassen
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Muntaha Samad
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Marcelo Wood
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718G. Oppenheimer Center of Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience and Goldman Luskin Microbiome Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Wu NS, Lin YF, Ma IC, Ko HJ, Hong YR. Many faces and functions of GSKIP: a temporospatial regulation view. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110391. [PMID: 35728705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-β (GSK3β) interaction protein (GSKIP) is one of the smallest A-kinase anchoring proteins that possesses a binding site for GSK3β. Recently, our group identified the protein kinase A (PKA)-GSKIP-GSK3β-X axis; knowledge of this axis may help us decipher the many roles of GSKIP and perhaps help explain the evolutionary reason behind the interaction between GSK3β and PKA. In this review, we highlight the critical and multifaceted role of GSKIP in facilitating PKA kinase activity and its function as a scaffolding protein in signaling pathways. We also highlight how these pivotal PKA and GSK3 kinases can control context-specific functions and interact with multiple target proteins, such as β-catenin, Drp1, Tau, and other proteins. GSKIP is a key regulator of multiple mechanisms because of not only its location at certain subcellular compartments but also its serial changes during the developmental process. Moreover, the involvement of critical upstream regulatory signaling pathways in GSKIP signaling in various cancers, such as miRNA (microRNA) and lncRNA (long noncoding RNA), may help in the identification of therapeutic targets in the era of precision medicine and personalized therapy. Finally, we emphasize on the model of the early stage of pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease (AD). Although the model requires validation, it can serve as a basis for diagnostic biomarkers development and drug discovery for early-stage AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Siou Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - I Chu Ma
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Huey-Jiun Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,; Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Conditioned medium from amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells could modulate Alzheimer's disease-like changes in human neuroblastoma cell line SY-SY5Y in a paracrine manner. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Goldoni R, Dolci C, Boccalari E, Inchingolo F, Paghi A, Strambini L, Galimberti D, Tartaglia GM. Salivary biomarkers of neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases and biosensors for their detection. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101587. [PMID: 35151849 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Salivary analysis is gaining increasing interest as a novel and promising field of research for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases related to aging. The collection of saliva offers several advantages, being noninvasive, stress-free, and repeatable. Moreover, the detection of biomarkers directly in saliva could allow an early diagnosis of the disease, leading to timely treatments. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight the most relevant researchers' findings relatively to salivary biomarkers of neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases, and to describe innovative and advanced biosensing strategies for the detection of salivary biomarkers. This review is focused on five relevant aging-related neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Multiple Sclerosis) and the salivary biomarkers most commonly associated with them. Advanced biosensors enabling molecular diagnostics for the detection of salivary biomarkers are presented, in order to stimulate future research in this direction and pave the way for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Goldoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Dolci
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Boccalari
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paghi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucanos Strambini
- Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Italy; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Italy; UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy.
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Phytotherapeutic Approaches to the Prevention of Age-Related Changes and the Extension of Active Longevity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072276. [PMID: 35408672 PMCID: PMC9000830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining quality of life with an increase in life expectancy is considered one of the global problems of our time. This review explores the possibility of using natural plant compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-glycation, and anti-neurodegenerative properties to slow down the onset of age-related changes. Age-related changes such as a decrease in mental abilities, the development of inflammatory processes, and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes have a significant impact on maintaining quality of life. Herbal preparations can play an essential role in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases that accompany age-related changes, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Medicinal plants have known sedative, muscle relaxant, neuroprotective, nootropic, and antiparkinsonian properties. The secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenolic compounds, are valuable substances for the development of new anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic agents. Understanding how mixtures of plants and their biologically active substances work together to achieve a specific biological effect can help develop targeted drugs to prevent diseases associated with aging and age-related changes. Understanding the mechanisms of the biological activity of plant complexes and mixtures determines the prospects for using metabolomic and biochemical methods to prolong active longevity.
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Silvestro S, Valeri A, Mazzon E. Aducanumab and Its Effects on Tau Pathology: Is This the Turning Point of Amyloid Hypothesis? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042011. [PMID: 35216126 PMCID: PMC8880389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people around the world. The two main pathological mechanisms underlying the disease are beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of Tau proteins in the brain. Their reduction has been associated with slowing of cognitive decline and disease progression. Several antibodies aimed to target Aβ or Tau in order to represent hope for millions of patients, but only a small number managed to be selected to participate in clinical trials. Aducanumab is a monoclonal antibody recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which, targeting (Aβ) oligomers and fibrils, was able to reduce Aβ accumulation and slow the progression of cognitive impairment. It was also claimed to have an effect on the second hallmark of AD, decreasing the level of phospho-Tau evaluated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and by positron emission tomography (PET). This evidence may represent a turning point in the development of AD-efficient drugs.
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Novy MJ, Newbury SF, Liemisa B, Morales-Corraliza J, Alldred MJ, Ginsberg SD, Mathews PM. Expression and proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein is unaffected by the expression of the three human apolipoprotein E alleles in the brains of mice. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 110:73-76. [PMID: 34875506 PMCID: PMC8758539 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The 3 human apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene alleles modify an individual's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD): compared to the risk-neutral APOE ε3 allele, the ε4 allele (APOE4) is strongly associated with increased AD risk while the ε2 allele is protective. Multiple mechanisms have been shown to link APOE4 expression and AD risk, including the possibility that APOE4 increases the expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) (Y-W.A. Huang, B. Zhou, A.M. Nabet, M. Wernig, T.C. Südhof, 2019). In this study, we investigated the impact of APOE genotype on the expression, and proteolytic processing of endogenously expressed APP in the brains of mice humanized for the 3 APOE alleles. In contrast to prior studies using neuronal cultures, we found in the brain that both App gene expression, and the levels of APP holoprotein were not affected by APOE genotype. Additionally, our analysis of APP fragments showed that APOE genotype does not impact APP processing in the brain: the levels of both α- and β-cleaved soluble APP fragments (sAPPs) were similar across genotypes, as were the levels of the membrane-associated α- and β-cleaved C-terminal fragments (CTFs) of APP. Lastly, APOE genotype did not impact the level of soluble amyloid beta (Aβ). These findings argue that the APOE-allele-dependent AD risk is independent of the brain expression and processing of APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J Novy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Samantha F Newbury
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Braison Liemisa
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Jose Morales-Corraliza
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul M Mathews
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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APP deficiency and HTRA2 modulates PrPc proteostasis in human cancer cells. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100035. [PMID: 37082595 PMCID: PMC10074928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) requires an accurate balance between protein biosynthesis, folding, and degradation, and its instability is causally related to human diseases and cancers. Here, we created numerous engineered cancer cell lines targeting APP (amyloid ß precursor protein) and/or PRNP (cellular prion) genes and we showed that APP knocking-down impaired PRNP mRNA level and vice versa, suggesting a link between their gene regulation. PRNPKD, APPKD and PRNPKD/APPKD HeLa cells encountered major difficulties to grow in a 3D tissue-like environment. Unexpectedly, we found a cytoplasmic accumulation of the PrPc protein without PRNP gene up regulation, in both APPKD and APPKO HeLa cells. Interestingly, APP and/or PRNP gene ablation enhanced the chaperone/serine protease HTRA2 gene expression, which is a protein processing quality factor involved in Alzheimer's disease. Importantly, HTRA2 gene silencing decreased PRNP mRNA level and lowered PrPc protein amounts, and conversely, HTRA2 overexpression increased PRNP gene regulation and enhanced membrane-anchored and cytoplasmic PrPc fractions. PrPc, APP and HTRA2 destabilized membrane-associated CD24 protein, suggesting changes in the lipid raft structure. Our data show for the first time that APP and the dual chaperone/serine protease HTRA2 protein could modulate PrPc proteostasis hampering cancer cell behavior.
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Alipour HR, Yaghmaei P, Ahmadian S, Ghobeh M, Ebrahim-Habibi A. A study on alpha-terpineol in Alzheimer’s disease with the use of rodent in vivo model, restraint stress effect and in vitro Amyloid beta fibrils. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Goshtasbi H, Pakchin PS, Movafeghi A, Barar J, Castejon AM, Omidian H, Omidi Y. Impacts of oxidants and antioxidants on the emergence and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 153:105268. [PMID: 34954260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain shows a high sensitivity to oxidative stress (OS). Thus, the maintenance of homeostasis of the brain regarding the reduction-oxidation (redox) situation is crucial for the regular function of the central nervous systems (CNS). The imbalance between the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular mechanism might lead to the emergence of OS, causing profound cell death as well as tissue damages and initiating neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Characterized by the cytoplasmic growth of neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular β-amyloid plaques, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex NDD that causes dementia in adult life with severe manifestations. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key transcription factor that regulates the functional expression of OS-related genes and the functionality of endogenous antioxidants. In the case of oxidative damage, NRF2 is transferred to the nucleus and attached to the antioxidant response element (ARE) that enhances the sequence to initiate transcription of the cell-protecting genes. This review articulates various mechanisms engaged with the generation of active and reactive species of endogenous and exogenous oxidants and focuses on the antioxidants as a body defense system regarding the NRF2-ARE signaling path in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamieh Goshtasbi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Samadi Pakchin
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Movafeghi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ana M Castejon
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, United States
| | - Hossein Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, United States
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, United States.
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Nowakowska-Gołacka J, Czapiewska J, Sominka H, Sowa-Rogozińska N, Słomińska-Wojewódzka M. EDEM1 Regulates Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Metabolism and Amyloid-β Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010117. [PMID: 35008544 PMCID: PMC8745108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 1 (EDEM1) is a quality control factor directly involved in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) process. It recognizes terminally misfolded proteins and directs them to retrotranslocation which is followed by proteasomal degradation in the cytosol. The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is synthesized and N-glycosylated in the ER and transported to the Golgi for maturation before being delivered to the cell surface. The amyloidogenic cleavage pathway of APP leads to production of amyloid-β (Aβ), deposited in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Here, using biochemical methods applied to human embryonic kidney, HEK293, and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we show that EDEM1 is an important regulatory factor involved in APP metabolism. We find that APP cellular levels are significantly reduced after EDEM1 overproduction and are increased in cells with downregulated EDEM1. We also report on EDEM1-dependent transport of APP from the ER to the cytosol that leads to proteasomal degradation of APP. EDEM1 directly interacts with APP. Furthermore, overproduction of EDEM1 results in decreased Aβ40 and Aβ42 secretion. These findings indicate that EDEM1 is a novel regulator of APP metabolism through ERAD.
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Hu B, Duan S, Wang Z, Li X, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Zhang YW, Xu H, Zheng H. Insights Into the Role of CSF1R in the Central Nervous System and Neurological Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:789834. [PMID: 34867307 PMCID: PMC8634759 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.789834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor modulating microglial homeostasis, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). CSF1R, which can be proteolytically cleaved into a soluble ectodomain and an intracellular protein fragment, supports the survival of myeloid cells upon activation by two ligands, colony stimulating factor 1 and interleukin 34. CSF1R loss-of-function mutations are the major cause of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) and its dysfunction has also been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we review the physiological functions of CSF1R in the CNS and its pathological effects in neurological disorders including ALSP, AD, frontotemporal dementia and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of CSF1R is critical for developing targeted therapies for related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banglian Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengshun Duan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Andrographolide promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22904. [PMID: 34824314 PMCID: PMC8616902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer´s disease (AD) there is a reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis that has been associated to cognitive deficits. Previously we showed that Andrographolide (ANDRO), the main bioactive component of Andrographis paniculate, induces proliferation in the hippocampus of the APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD as assessed by staining with the mitotic marker Ki67. Here, we further characterized the effect of ANDRO on hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 mice and evaluated the contribution of this process to the cognitive effect of ANDRO. Treatment of 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice with ANDRO for 4 weeks increased proliferation in the dentate gyrus as evaluated by BrdU incorporation. Although ANDRO had no effect on neuronal differentiation of newborn cells, it strongly increased neural progenitors, neuroblasts and newborn immature neurons, cell populations that were decreased in APP/PS1 mice compared to age-matched wild-type mice. ANDRO had no effect on migration or in total dendritic length, arborization and orientation of immature neurons, suggesting no effects on early morphological development of newborn neurons. Finally, ANDRO treatment improved the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the object location memory task. This effect was not completely prevented by co-treatment with the anti-mitotic drug TMZ, suggesting that other effects of ANDRO in addition to the increase in neurogenesis might underlie the observed cognitive improvement. Altogether, our data indicate that in APP/PS1 mice ANDRO stimulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus by inducing proliferation of neural precursor cells and improves spatial memory performance.
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Blanco-Míguez A, Tamés H, Ruas-Madiedo P, Sánchez B. Microbiota-Derived β-Amyloid-like Peptides Trigger Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathways in the SH-SY5Y Neural Cell Line. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113868. [PMID: 34836123 PMCID: PMC8624230 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the first in silico and in vitro evidence of Aβ-like peptides released from meaningful members of the gut microbiome (mostly from the Clostridiales order). Two peptides with high homology to the human Aβ peptide domain were synthesized and tested in vitro in a neuron cell-line model. Gene expression profile analysis showed that one of them induced whole gene pathways related to AD, opening the way to translational approaches to assess whether gut microbiota-derived peptides might be implicated in the neurodegenerative processes related to AD. This exploratory work opens the path to new approaches for understanding the relationship between the gut microbiome and the triggering of potential molecular events leading to AD. As microbiota can be modified using diet, tools for precise nutritional intervention or targeted microbiota modification in animal models might help us to understand the individual roles of gut bacteria releasing Aβ-like peptides and therefore their contribution to this progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Blanco-Míguez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares S/N, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (H.T.); (P.R.-M.)
- CIBIO—Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare, Computazionale e Integrata, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Hector Tamés
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares S/N, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (H.T.); (P.R.-M.)
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares S/N, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (H.T.); (P.R.-M.)
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares S/N, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (H.T.); (P.R.-M.)
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence:
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de Oliveira J, Kucharska E, Garcez ML, Rodrigues MS, Quevedo J, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Budni J. Inflammatory Cascade in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Review of Experimental Findings. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102581. [PMID: 34685563 PMCID: PMC8533897 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Most AD patients develop the disease in late life, named late onset AD (LOAD). Currently, the most recognized explanation for AD pathology is the amyloid cascade hypothesis. It is assumed that amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and deposition are critical pathogenic processes in AD, leading to the formation of amyloid plaques, as well as neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal cell death, synaptic degeneration, and dementia. In LOAD, the causes of Aβ accumulation and neuronal loss are not completely clear. Importantly, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption seems to present an essential role in the induction of neuroinflammation and consequent AD development. In addition, we propose that the systemic inflammation triggered by conditions like metabolic diseases or infections are causative factors of BBB disruption, coexistent inflammatory cascade and, ultimately, the neurodegeneration observed in AD. In this regard, the use of anti-inflammatory molecules could be an interesting strategy to treat, delay or even halt AD onset and progression. Herein, we review the inflammatory cascade and underlying mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis and revise the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds as emerging therapeutic drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-000, Brazil; (J.d.O.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Faculty of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences, Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-000, Brazil; (J.d.O.); (M.S.R.)
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, The University of Texas Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Josiane Budni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma 88806-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-48431-2539
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Bowroju SK, Penthala NR, Lakkaniga NR, Balasubramaniam M, Ayyadevara S, Shmookler Reis RJ, Crooks PA. Novel hydroxybenzylamine-deoxyvasicinone hybrids as anticholinesterase therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 45:116311. [PMID: 34304133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-hydroxybenzylamine-deoxyvasicinone hybrid analogs (8a-8n) have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and as inhibitors of amyloid peptide (Aβ1-42) aggregation, for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These dual acting compounds exhibited good AChE inhibitory activities ranging from 0.34 to 6.35 µM. Analogs8g and 8n were found to be the most potent AChE inhibitors in the series with IC50values of 0.38 µM and 0.34 µM, respectively. All the analogs (8a-8n) exhibited weak BuChE inhibitory activities ranging from 14.60 to 21.65 µM. Analogs8g and 8n exhibited BuChE with IC50values of 15.38 µM and 14.60 µM, respectively, demonstrating that these analogs were greater than 40-fold more selective for inhibition of AChE over BuChE. Additionally, compounds8g and 8n were also found to be the best inhibitors of self-induced Aβ1-42 peptide aggregation with IC50values of 3.91 µM and 3.22 µM, respectively; 8g and 8n also inhibited AChE-induced Aβ1-42 peptide aggregation by 68.7% and 72.6%, respectively. Kinetic analysis and molecular docking studies indicate that analogs 8g and 8n bind to a new allosteric pocket (site B) on AChE. In addition, the observed inhibition of AChE-induced Aβ1-42 peptide aggregation by 8n is likely due to allosteric inhibition of the binding of this peptide at the CAS site on AChE. Overall, these results indicate that 8g and 8n are examples of dual-acting lead compounds for the development of highly effective anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Bowroju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Narsimha R Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | | | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States; BioInformatics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
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Di Paolo A, Garat J, Eastman G, Farias J, Dajas-Bailador F, Smircich P, Sotelo-Silveira JR. Functional Genomics of Axons and Synapses to Understand Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:686722. [PMID: 34248504 PMCID: PMC8267896 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.686722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional genomics studies through transcriptomics, translatomics and proteomics have become increasingly important tools to understand the molecular basis of biological systems in the last decade. In most cases, when these approaches are applied to the nervous system, they are centered in cell bodies or somatodendritic compartments, as these are easier to isolate and, at least in vitro, contain most of the mRNA and proteins present in all neuronal compartments. However, key functional processes and many neuronal disorders are initiated by changes occurring far away from cell bodies, particularly in axons (axopathologies) and synapses (synaptopathies). Both neuronal compartments contain specific RNAs and proteins, which are known to vary depending on their anatomical distribution, developmental stage and function, and thus form the complex network of molecular pathways required for neuron connectivity. Modifications in these components due to metabolic, environmental, and/or genetic issues could trigger or exacerbate a neuronal disease. For this reason, detailed profiling and functional understanding of the precise changes in these compartments may thus yield new insights into the still intractable molecular basis of most neuronal disorders. In the case of synaptic dysfunctions or synaptopathies, they contribute to dozens of diseases in the human brain including neurodevelopmental (i.e., autism, Down syndrome, and epilepsy) as well as neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases). Histological, biochemical, cellular, and general molecular biology techniques have been key in understanding these pathologies. Now, the growing number of omics approaches can add significant extra information at a high and wide resolution level and, used effectively, can lead to novel and insightful interpretations of the biological processes at play. This review describes current approaches that use transcriptomics, translatomics and proteomic related methods to analyze the axon and presynaptic elements, focusing on the relationship that axon and synapses have with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Di Paolo
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquin Garat
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Eastman
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquina Farias
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario “Espacio de Biología Vegetal del Noreste”, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Federico Dajas-Bailador
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Smircich
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José Roberto Sotelo-Silveira
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Daoutsali E, Hailu TT, Buijsen RAM, Pepers BA, van der Graaf LM, Verbeek MM, Curtis D, de Vlaam T, van Roon-Mom WMC. Antisense Oligonucleotide-Induced Amyloid Precursor Protein Splicing Modulation as a Therapeutic Approach for Dutch-Type Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 31:351-363. [PMID: 34061681 PMCID: PMC8823675 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dutch-type cerebral amyloid angiopathy (D-CAA) is a monogenic form of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The disease is caused by a point mutation in exon 17 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene that leads to an amino acid substitution at codon 693. The mutation is located within the amyloid beta (Aβ) domain of APP, and leads to accumulation of toxic Aβ peptide in and around the cerebral vasculature. We have designed an antisense oligonucleotide (AON) approach that results in skipping of exon 17, generating a shorter APP isoform that lacks part of the Aβ domain and the D-CAA mutation. We demonstrate efficient AON-induced skipping of exon 17 at RNA level and the occurrence of a shorter APP protein isoform in three different cell types. This resulted in a reduction of Aβ40 in neuronally differentiated, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. AON-treated wild-type mice showed successful exon skipping on RNA and protein levels throughout the brain. These results illustrate APP splice modulation as a promising therapeutic approach for D-CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Daoutsali
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ronald A M Buijsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barry A Pepers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Linda M van der Graaf
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Curtis
- Amylon Therapeutics, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Atalanta Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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The Moringin/α-CD Pretreatment Induces Neuroprotection in an In Vitro Model of Alzheimer's Disease: A Transcriptomic Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:197-214. [PMID: 34073287 PMCID: PMC8929117 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and represents the most common form of senile dementia. Autophagy and mitophagy are cellular processes that play a key role in the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau phosphorylation. As a consequence, impairment of these processes leads to the progression of AD. Thus, interest is growing in the search for new natural compounds, such as Moringin (MOR), with neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties that could be used for AD prevention. However, MOR appears to be poorly soluble and stable in water. To increase its solubility MOR was conjugated with α-cyclodextrin (MOR/α-CD). In this work, it was evaluated if MOR/α-CD pretreatment was able to exert neuroprotective effects in an AD in vitro model through the evaluation of the transcriptional profile by next-generation sequencing (NGS). To induce the AD model, retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to Aβ1-42. The MOR/α-CD pretreatment reduced the expression of the genes which encode proteins involved in senescence, autophagy, and mitophagy processes. Additionally, MOR/α-CD was able to induce neuronal remodeling modulating the axon guidance, principally downregulating the Slit/Robo signaling pathway. Noteworthy, MOR/α-CD, modulating these important pathways, may induce neuronal protection against Aβ1-42 toxicity as demonstrated also by the reduction of cleaved caspase 3. These data indicated that MOR/α-CD could attenuate the progression of the disease and promote neuronal repair.
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Stepanenko OV, Sulatsky MI, Mikhailova EV, Stepanenko OV, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Sulatskaya AI. Trypsin Induced Degradation of Amyloid Fibrils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4828. [PMID: 34063223 PMCID: PMC8124345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes are known to be involved in the formation and degradation of various monomeric proteins, but the effect of proteases on the ordered protein aggregates, amyloid fibrils, which are considered to be extremely stable, remains poorly understood. In this work we study resistance to proteolytic degradation of lysozyme amyloid fibrils with two different types of morphology and beta-2-microglobulun amyloids. We showed that the proteolytic enzyme of the pancreas, trypsin, induced degradation of amyloid fibrils, and the mechanism of this process was qualitatively the same for all investigated amyloids. At the same time, we found a dependence of efficiency and rate of fibril degradation on the structure of the amyloid-forming protein as well as on the morphology and clustering of amyloid fibrils. It was assumed that the discovered relationship between fibrils structure and the efficiency of their degradation by trypsin can become the basis of a new express method for the analysis of amyloids polymorphism. Unexpectedly lower resistance of both types of lysozyme amyloids to trypsin exposure compared to the native monomeric protein (which is not susceptible to hydrolysis) was attributed to the higher availability of cleavage sites in studied fibrils. Another intriguing result of the work is that the cytotoxicity of amyloids treated with trypsin was not only failing to decline, but even increasing in the case of beta-2-microglobulin fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Maksim I. Sulatsky
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina V. Mikhailova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Olesya V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
- Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna I. Sulatskaya
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
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