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Northrup V, Perez LJ, Edgett BA, Karakach T, Simpson JA, Brunt KR. Intron retention is a mechanism of erythropoietin regulation in brain cell models. Gene 2024; 898:148099. [PMID: 38128788 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Intron retention is a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation, including genes involved in erythropoiesis. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone without evidence of intracellular vesicle storage that regulates erythropoiesis. We hypothesize that EPO uses intron retention as a mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation in response to hypoxia and ischemia. Cell models of hypoxia and ischemia for kidney, liver, and brain cells were examined for intron retention by real time quantitative PCR. EPO expression increased in most cells except for blood brain barrier and liver cells. The intron retained transcript ratio decreased in brain cells, except for Astrocytes, but showed no change in kidney or liver after 24 h of ischemia. The shift in intron ratio was maintained when using poly (A) enriched cDNA, suggesting that intron retention is not due to immature transcripts. The expression of EPO was elevated at variable time points amongst cell models with the intron ratio also changing over a time course of 2 to 16 h after ischemia. We conclude that intron retention is a mechanism regulating EPO expression in response to ischemia in a tissue specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Northrup
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; IMPART investigator team Canada
| | - Lester J Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; IMPART investigator team Canada
| | - Brittany A Edgett
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; IMPART investigator team Canada
| | - Tobias Karakach
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; IMPART investigator team Canada
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; IMPART investigator team Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; IMPART investigator team Canada.
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Locatelli F, Paoletti E, Del Vecchio L. Cardiovascular safety of current and emerging drugs to treat anaemia in chronic kidney disease: a safety review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023; 22:1179-1191. [PMID: 38111209 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2285889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are the standard of treatment for anemia in chronic kidney disease. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHI) are small molecules that stimulate endogenous erythropoietin synthesis. AREAS COVERED The cardiovascular safety of ESAs and HIF-PHIs. We performed a PubMed search using several key words, including anemia, chronic kidney disease, safety, erythropoiesis stimulating agents, HIF-PH inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION ESAs are well-tolerated drugs with a long history of use; there are safety concerns, especially when targeting high hemoglobin levels. HIF-PHIs have comparable efficacy to ESAs in correcting anemia. Contrary to expectations, randomized phase 3 clinical trials have shown that overall HIF-PHIs were non-inferior to ESA or placebo with respect to the risk of cardiovascular endpoints. In addition, some phase 3 trials raised potential safety concerns regarding cardiovascular and thrombotic events, particularly in non-dialysis patients.Today, HIF-PHIs represent an additional treatment option for anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. This has made the management of anemia in CKD more complex and heterogeneous. A better understanding of the mechanisms causing hypo-responsiveness to ESAs, combined with an individualized approach that balances ESAs, HIF-PHIs and iron doses, could increase the benefits while reducing the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Paoletti
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, San Martino Hospital, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Del Vecchio
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
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Neurotrophic Factors as Regenerative Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043866. [PMID: 36835277 PMCID: PMC9968045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by acute or chronic progressive loss of one or several neuronal subtypes. However, despite their increasing prevalence, little progress has been made in successfully treating these diseases. Research has recently focused on neurotrophic factors (NTFs) as potential regenerative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge, challenges, and future perspectives of NTFs with a direct regenerative effect in chronic inflammatory and degenerative disorders. Various systems for delivery of NTFs, such as stem and immune cells, viral vectors, and biomaterials, have been applied to deliver exogenous NTFs to the central nervous system, with promising results. The challenges that currently need to be overcome include the amount of NTFs delivered, the invasiveness of the delivery route, the blood-brain barrier permeability, and the occurrence of side effects. Nevertheless, it is important to continue research and develop standards for clinical applications. In addition to the use of single NTFs, the complexity of chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases may require combination therapies targeting multiple pathways or other possibilities using smaller molecules, such as NTF mimetics, for effective treatment.
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Celorrio M, Rhodes J, Shumilov K, Moritz J, Xiao S, Anabayan I, Sauerbeck A, Kummer T, Friess S. Recombinant human erythropoietin induces neuroprotection, activates MAPK/CREB pathway, and rescues fear memory after traumatic brain injury with delayed hypoxemia in mice. Brain Res 2022; 1795:148074. [PMID: 36075467 PMCID: PMC10515732 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions targeting secondary insults, such as delayed hypoxemia, provide a unique opportunity for treatment in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hypoxia-responsive cytokine with important roles in neurodevelopment, neuroprotection and neuromodulation. We hypothesized that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) administration would mitigate injury in a combined injury model of TBI and delayed hypoxemia. Utilizing a clinically relevant murine model of TBI and delayed hypoxemia, we characterized how ongoing rhEPO administration influenced neurogenesis, neuroprotection, synaptic density and, behavioral outcomes early after TBI, and the impact on long-lasting outcomes 6 months after injury. We employed novel object recognition (NOR) and fear conditioning to assess long-term memory. At 1-month post-injury, we observed a significant increase in cued-fear memory response in the rhEPO-injured mice compared with vehicle-injured mice. This was associated with neuroprotection and neurogenesis in the hippocampus and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling activation and increased of excitatory synaptic density in the amygdala. Early rhEPO treatment after injury reduced neurodegeneration and increased excitatory synaptic density in the hippocampus and amygdala at 6 months post-injury. However at 6 months post-injury (4 months after discontinuation of rhEPO), we did not observe changes in behavioral assessments nor MAPK/CREB pathway activation. In summary, these data demonstrate that ongoing rhEPO treatment initiated at a clinically feasible time point improves neurological, cognitive, and histological outcomes after TBI in the setting of secondary hypoxemic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Celorrio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Rhodes
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kirill Shumilov
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennie Moritz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sophia Xiao
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ilakkia Anabayan
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew Sauerbeck
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Terrance Kummer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stuart Friess
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Shim KH, Ha S, Choung JS, Choi JI, Kim DY, Kim JM, Kim M. Therapeutic Effect of Erythropoietin on Alzheimer's Disease by Activating the Serotonin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158144. [PMID: 35897720 PMCID: PMC9332003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment in patients. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been reported to stimulate neurogenesis. This study was conducted to determine the regenerative effects of EPO in an AD model and to assess its underlying mechanism. Recombinant human EPO was intraperitoneally administered to AD mice induced by intracerebroventricular Aβ oligomer injection. Behavioral assessments with novel object recognition test and passive avoidance task showed improvement in memory function of the EPO-treated AD mice compared to that of the saline-treated AD mice (p < 0.0001). An in vivo protein assay for the hippocampus and cortex tissue indicated that EPO treatment modulated neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, and adrenaline. EPO treatment also restored the activity of serotonin receptors, including 5-HT4R, 5-HT7R, and 5-HT1aR (p < 0.01), at mRNA levels. Furthermore, EPO seemed to exert an anti-inflammatory influence by downregulating TLR4 at mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05). Finally, an immunohistochemical assay revealed increments of Nestin(+) and NeuN(+) neuronal cells in the CA3 region in the EPO-treated AD mice compared to those in the saline-treated AD mice. The conclusion is that EPO administration might be therapeutic for AD by activating the serotonergic pathway, anti-inflammatory action, and neurogenic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ho Shim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (K.-H.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.C.)
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Sungchan Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (K.-H.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.C.)
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Jin Seung Choung
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (K.-H.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.C.)
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Jee In Choi
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Daniel Youngsuk Kim
- Research Competency Milestones Program (RECOMP) of School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Jong Moon Kim
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - MinYoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (K.-H.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.C.)
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-780-1872
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Rahmani N, Mohammadi M, Manaheji H, Maghsoudi N, Katinger H, Baniasadi M, Zaringhalam J. Carbamylated erythropoietin improves recognition memory by modulating microglia in a rat model of pain. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113576. [PMID: 34506840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic pain often complain about memory impairments. Experimental studies have shown neuroprotective effects of Carbamylated erythropoietin (Cepo-Fc) in the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions. However, little is currently known about its precise molecular mechanisms in a model of inflammatory pain. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate neuroprotective effects of Cepo-Fc against cognitive impairment induced by the inflammatory model of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Carbamylated erythropoietin was administrated Intraperitoneally (i.p) on the day CFA injection, continued for a 21-days period. After conducting the behavioral tests (thermal hyperalgesia and novel object recognition test), western blot and ELISA were further preformed on days 0, 7, and 21. The results of this study indicate that Cepo-Fc can effectively reverse the CFA induced thermal hyperalgesia and recognition memory impairment. Additionally, Cepo-Fc noticeably decreased the hippocampal microglial expression, production of hippocampal IL-1β, and hippocampal apoptosis and necroptosis induced by the inflammatory pain. Therefore, our findings suggest that neuroprotective effects of Cepo-Fc in the treatment of pain related recognition memory impairment may be mediated through reducing hippocampal microglial expression as well as IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Rahmani
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mola Mohammadi
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Manaheji
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Maghsoudi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hermann Katinger
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mansoureh Baniasadi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Al-Onaizi MA, Thériault P, Lecordier S, Prefontaine P, Rivest S, ElAli A. Early monocyte modulation by the non-erythropoietic peptide ARA 290 decelerates AD-like pathology progression. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:363-382. [PMID: 34343617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau hyper-phosphorylation, accompanied by a progressive cognitive decline. Monocytes have been recently shown to play a major role in modulating Aβ pathology, and thereby have been pointed as potential therapeutic targets. However, the main challenge remains in identifying clinically relevant interventions that could modulate monocyte immune functions in absence of undesired off-target effects. Erythropoietin (EPO), a key regulator of erythrocyte production, has been shown to possess immunomodulatory potential and to provide beneficial effects in preclinical models of AD. However, the transition to use recombinant human EPO in clinical trials was hindered by unwanted erythropoietic effects that could lead to thrombosis. Here, we used a recently identified non-erythropoietic analogue of EPO, ARA 290, to evaluate its therapeutic potential in AD therapy. We first evaluated the effects of early systemic ARA 290 administration on AD-like pathology in an early-onset model, represented by young APP/PS1 mice. Our findings indicate that ARA 290 early treatment decelerated Aβ pathology progression in APP/PS1 mice while improving cognitive functions. ARA 290 potently increased the levels of total monocytes by specifically stimulating the generation of Ly6CLow patrolling subset, which are implicated in clearing Aβ from the cerebral vasculature, and subsequently reducing overall Aβ burden in the brain. Moreover, ARA 290 increased the levels of monocyte progenitors in the bone marrow. Using chimeric APP/PS1 mice in which Ly6CLow patrolling subset are selectively depleted, ARA 290 was inefficient in attenuating Aβ pathology and ameliorating cognitive functions in young animals. Interestingly, ARA 290 effects were compromised when delivered in a late-onset model, represented by aged APP1/PS1. In aged APP/PS1 mice in which AD-like pathology is at advanced stages, ARA 290 failed to reverse Aβ pathology and to increase the levels of circulating monocytes. Our study suggests that ARA 290 early systemic treatment could prevent AD-like progression via modulation of monocyte functions by specifically increasing the ratio of patrolling monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Al-Onaizi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Thériault
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Prefontaine
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Kaur D, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Badavath VN, Ul Hassan SS, Hasan MM, Bhatia S, Al-Harassi A, Khan H, Bungau S. Unravelling the potential neuroprotective facets of erythropoietin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1-16. [PMID: 34436747 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last three decades, recombinant DNA technology has produced a wide range of hematopoietic and neurotrophic growth factors, including erythropoietin (EPO), which has emerged as a promising protein drug in the treatment of several diseases. Cumulative studies have recently indicated the neuroprotective role of EPO in preclinical models of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative illnesses in the elderly, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-ß (Aß) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which serve as the disease's two hallmarks. Unfortunately, AD lacks a successful treatment strategy due to its multifaceted and complex pathology. Various clinical studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have been conducted to identify the various mechanisms by which erythropoietin exerts its neuroprotective effects. The results of clinical trials in patients with AD are also promising. Herein, it is summarized and reviews all such studies demonstrating erythropoietin's potential therapeutic benefits as a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | | | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harassi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Li P, Mu J, Ma X, Ding D, Ma S, Zhang H, Liu J, Zhang M. Neurovascular coupling dysfunction in end-stage renal disease patients related to cognitive impairment. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2593-2606. [PMID: 33853410 PMCID: PMC8504946 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211007960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients related with cognitive impairment. Twenty-five ESRD patients and 22 healthy controls were enrolled. To assess the NVC dysfunctional pattern, resting-state functional MRI and arterial spin labeling were explored to estimate the coupling of spontaneous neuronal activity and cerebral blood perfusion based on amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF)-cerebral blood flow (CBF), fractional ALFF (fALFF)-CBF, regional homogeneity (ReHo)-CBF, and degree centrality (DC)-CBF correlation coefficients. Multivariate partial least-squares correlation and mediation analyses were used to evaluate the relationship among NVC dysfunctional pattern, cognitive impairment and clinical characteristics. The NVC dysfunctional patterns in ESRD patients were significantly decreased in 34 brain regions compared with healthy controls. The decreased fALFF-CBF coefficients in the cingulate gyrus (CG) were associated positively with lower kinetic transfer/volume urea (Kt/V) and lower short-term memory scores, and were negatively associated with higher serum urea. The relationship between Kt/V and memory deficits of ESRD patients was partially mediated by the fALFF-CBF alteration of the CG. These findings reveal the NVC dysfunction may be a potential neural mechanism for cognitive impairment in ESRD. The regional NVC dysfunction may mediate the impact of dialysis adequacy on memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Geology, Xianyang, China
| | - Junya Mu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xueying Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dun Ding
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huawen Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Geology, Xianyang, China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Vittori DC, Chamorro ME, Hernández YV, Maltaneri RE, Nesse AB. Erythropoietin and derivatives: Potential beneficial effects on the brain. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1032-1057. [PMID: 34278579 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo), the main erythropoiesis-stimulating factor widely prescribed to overcome anemia, is also known nowadays for its cytoprotective action on non-hematopoietic tissues. In this context, Epo showed not only its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, but also its expression in the brain of mammals. In clinical trials, recombinant Epo treatment has been shown to stimulate neurogenesis; improve cognition; and activate antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. These mechanisms, proposed to characterize a neuroprotective property, opened new perspectives on the Epo pharmacological potencies. However, many questions arise about a possible physiological role of Epo in the central nervous system (CNS) and the factors or environmental conditions that induce its expression. Although Epo may be considered a strong candidate to be used against neuronal damage, long-term treatments, particularly when high Epo doses are needed, may induce thromboembolic complications associated with increases in hematocrit and blood viscosity. To avoid these adverse effects, different Epo analogs without erythropoietic activity but maintaining neuroprotection ability are currently being investigated. Carbamylated erythropoietin, as well as alternative molecules like Epo fusion proteins and partial peptides of Epo, seems to match this profile. This review will focus on the discussion of experimental evidence reported in recent years linking erythropoietin and CNS function through investigations aimed at finding benefits in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, it will review the proposed mechanisms for novel derivatives which may clarify and, eventually, improve the neuroprotective action of Epo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Vittori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Chamorro
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yender V Hernández
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina E Maltaneri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alcira B Nesse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Erdogan MA, Yigitturk G, Erbas O, Taskıran D. Neuroprotective effects of dexpanthenol on streptozotocin-induced neuronal damage in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2160-2168. [PMID: 33874839 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1914464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease defined by memory loss is Alzheimer's disease (AD), only symptomatic therapies are present. A complex pathway for the AD pathogenesis that includes an increase in inflammation has recently been suggested. Since in previous animal experiments dexpanthenol has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, effects and role of dexpanthenol in an intracerebroventricular (ICV)-streptozotocin (STZ) induced sporadic-AD(memory impairment) animal model have been examined. DESIGN AND METHODS In total, 18 adult sprague-dawley rats were classified into 3 groups; control (n = 6), STZ + Saline (n = 6) and STZ + Dexpanthenol (n = 6). Twelve AD-induced rats through STZ-injection (3 mg/kg) into both lateral ventricles via stereotaxy were separated into two groups five days after STZ administration: one of these groups was treated with dexpanthenol (1000 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 3 weeks and the other with saline. A passive avoidance learning (PAL) test was used after treatment, followed by brain tissue extraction in all subjects. Brain levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) were measured and Cresyl violet staining was used to count neurons in cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) and cornu ammonis-3 (CA3). RESULTS It was observed that ICV-STZ significantly shortened PAL latency, increased levels of TNF-α in brain, decreased activity of ChAT in brain, and number of hippocampal neurons. However, dexpanthenol significantly reduced all of those STZ-induced harmful effects. CONCLUSION Dexpanthenol significantly prevented the memory deficit induced by ICV-STZ through mitigating neuronal loss in hippocampus, cholinergic deficiency and neuroinflammation in rats. These findings suggest that dexpanthenol may be beneficial for treating memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Yigitturk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Taskıran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Gaindh D, Choi YB, Marchese M, Dowling P, Cook S, Blumberg B, Park JH, Lu W. Prolonged Beneficial Effect of Brief Erythropoietin Peptide JM4 Therapy on Chronic Relapsing EAE. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:401-411. [PMID: 32959273 PMCID: PMC8116362 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent beneficial immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of whole-molecule erythropoietin have been demonstrated in a variety of animal disease models including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); however, excessive hematopoiesis limits its use in clinical applications. Our group previously generated an Epo-derived small peptide JM4 that is side-effect free and has strong neuroprotective activity without hematologic effects. Here, we investigated the long-term clinical effects of brief treatment with JM4 in chronic relapsing EAE using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in transgenic mice containing the luciferase gene driven by the murine GFAP promoter. EAE mice treated with JM4 exhibited marked improvement in clinical scores and showed fewer disease flareups than control animals. JM4 therapy concomitantly led to markedly decreased GFAP bioluminescence in the brain and spinal cord in both acute and chronic relapsing EAE mouse models. We found a marker for toxic A1 astrocytes, complement component C3, that is upregulated in the brain and cord of EAE mice and sharply reduced in JM4-treated animals. In addition, an abnormally leaky neurovascular unit permeability was rapidly normalized within 5 days by JM4 therapy. The prolonged therapeutic benefit seen following brief JM4 treatment in EAE mice closely resemble that recently described in humans receiving pulsed immune reconstitution therapy with the disease-modifying compounds, alemtuzumab and cladribine. Our study suggests that JM4 therapy may have widespread clinical applicability for long-term treatment of inflammatory demyelinating diseases and that BLI is a useful noninvasive means of monitoring murine disease activity of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeya Gaindh
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center of East Orange, East Orange, NJ, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Yun-Beom Choi
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center of East Orange, East Orange, NJ, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michelle Marchese
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center of East Orange, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Peter Dowling
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center of East Orange, East Orange, NJ, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Stuart Cook
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center of East Orange, East Orange, NJ, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Benjamin Blumberg
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center of East Orange, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - James H Park
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center of East Orange, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center of East Orange, East Orange, NJ, USA
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Abstract
Twenty-two years after their discovery, the hypocretins (Hcrts), also known as orexins, are two of the most studied peptidergic systems, involved in myriad physiological systems that range from sleep, arousal, motivation, homeostatic regulation, fear, anxiety and learning. A causal relationship between activity of Hcrt and arousal stability was established shortly after their discovery and have led to the development of a new class of drugs to treat insomnia. In this review we discuss the many faces of the Hcrt system and examine recent findings that implicate decreased Hcrt function in the pathogenesis of a number of neuropsychiatric conditions. We also discuss future therapeutic strategies to replace or enhance Hcrt function as a treatment option for these neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Seigneur
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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14
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Jarero-Basulto JJ, Rivera-Cervantes MC, Gasca-Martínez D, García-Sierra F, Gasca-Martínez Y, Beas-Zárate C. Current Evidence on the Protective Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin and Its Molecular Variants against Pathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120424. [PMID: 33255969 PMCID: PMC7760199 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence in the literature demonstrates the pleiotropic effects of the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and its molecular variants in different tissues and organs, including the brain. Some of these reports suggest that the chemical properties of this molecule by itself or in combination with other agents (e.g., growth factors) could provide the necessary pharmacological characteristics to be considered a potential protective agent in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a degenerative disorder of the brain, characterized by an aberrant accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (tau-p) proteins in the extracellular and intracellular space, respectively, leading to inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and other neuronal alterations that compromise cell viability, causing neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. Unfortunately, to date, it lacks an effective therapeutic strategy for its treatment. Therefore, in this review, we analyze the evidence regarding the effects of exogenous EPOs (rhEPO and its molecular variants) in several in vivo and in vitro Aβ and tau-p models of AD-type neurodegeneration, to be considered as an alternative protective treatment to this condition. Particularly, we focus on analyzing the differential effect of molecular variants of rhEPO when changes in doses, route of administration, duration of treatment or application times, are evaluated for the improved cellular alterations generated in this disease. This narrative review shows the evidence of the effectiveness of the exogenous EPOs as potential therapeutic molecules, focused on the mechanisms that establish cellular damage and clinical manifestation in the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Jarero-Basulto
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.J.J.-B.); (M.C.R.-C.); Tel.: +52-33-37771150 ((J.J.J.-B. & M.C.R.-C.)
| | - Martha C. Rivera-Cervantes
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.J.J.-B.); (M.C.R.-C.); Tel.: +52-33-37771150 ((J.J.J.-B. & M.C.R.-C.)
| | - Deisy Gasca-Martínez
- Behavioral Analysis Unit, Neurobiology Institute, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Francisco García-Sierra
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico;
| | - Yadira Gasca-Martínez
- Development and Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico; (Y.G.-M.); (C.B.-Z.)
| | - Carlos Beas-Zárate
- Development and Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico; (Y.G.-M.); (C.B.-Z.)
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15
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Yang J, Sun J, Castellanos DM, Pardridge WM, Sumbria RK. Eliminating Fc N-Linked Glycosylation and Its Impact on Dosing Consideration for a Transferrin Receptor Antibody-Erythropoietin Fusion Protein in Mice. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2831-2839. [PMID: 32579360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic growth factor and a promising therapy for Alzheimer's disease, has low permeability across the blood-brain barrier. The transferrin receptor antibody fused to EPO (TfRMAb-EPO) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that ferries EPO into the brain via the transvascular route. However, TfRMAbs have Fc-effector function-related adverse effects including reticulocyte suppression. To overcome this, we recently developed an effectorless TfRMAb-EPO fusion protein, designated TfRMAb-N292G-EPO, by eliminating the Fc N-linked glycosylation site at position 292 of the antibody heavy chain. The mutant fusion protein showed enhanced plasma clearance and dramatically reduced plasma concentrations compared with the wild-type (WT) nonmutant fusion protein. This increased clearance of the aglycosylated TfRMAb is expected to increase the injection dose of the mutant fusion protein. To provide a basis for future therapeutic uses of this IgG-neurotrophin fusion protein, the current study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of this effectorless TfRMAb-N292G-EPO at different doses following different routes of administration in the mouse. Adult C57BL/6J male mice were injected with a single dose (3, 6, 9, or 20 mg/kg; n = 3-6 per dose) of TfRMAb-N292G-EPO through either the subcutaneous (SQ) or intraperitoneal (IP) route. TfRMAb-N292G-EPO plasma concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after injection, and terminal blood was used for a complete blood count. Brain concentrations in the WT- and mutant fusion protein-treated mice were compared. We observed stark differences in the plasma pharmacokinetics of TfRMAb-N292G-EPO between the IP and SQ routes of administration. Dose escalation from 3 to 20 mg/kg increased the plasma Cmax only 3.5-fold for the SQ route, compared with a 35-fold increase for the IP route. The plasma Cmax was 15.0 ± 2.0, 21.3 ± 4.1, 21.3 ± 6.4, and 52.8 ± 27.9 ng/mL following SQ injection and 288 ± 47, 389 ± 154, 633 ± 194, and 10,066 ± 7059 ng/mL following IP injection for 3, 6, 9, and 20 mg/kg doses, respectively. The plasma Cmax following the SQ route was therefore 19- to 190-fold lower than that following the IP route. This finding is consistent with a 31-fold higher apparent clearance following the SQ route compared with the IP route at the highest dose administered. The brain concentrations in the mice treated with a 3 mg/kg dose of the mutant fusion protein were lower than those in the nonmutant WT-treated mice. No reticulocyte suppression was observed at the 3 mg/kg SQ dose of TfRMAb-N292G-EPO. However, reticulocyte suppression increased with an increase in dose and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) for both the IP and SQ routes. Overall, elimination of Fc N-linked glycosylation, to mitigate TfRMAb effector function side effects, has a profound effect on the plasma exposure of TfRMAb-N292G-EPO at therapeutic as well as high doses (3-20 mg/kg). This effect is more pronounced following SQ injection. The low plasma concentrations of the mutant fusion protein following a 3 mg/kg dose resulted in negligible brain uptake. The beneficial rescue of reticulocyte reduction by the N292G mutation is a function of AUC and is negated at high doses of the N292G mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Yang
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Demi M Castellanos
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California 91711, United States.,Departments of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92868, United States
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16
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Zhang CY, He FF, Su H, Zhang C, Meng XF. Association between chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer's disease: an update. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:883-894. [PMID: 32246323 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been accepted that kidney function is connected with brain activity. In clinical studies, chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have been found to be prone to suffering cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cognitive function of CKD patients may improve after kidney transplantation. All these indicators show a possible link between kidney function and dementia. However, little is known about the mechanism behind the relation of CKD and AD. This review discusses the associations between CKD and AD from the perspective of the pathophysiology of the kidney and complications and/or concomitants of CKD that may lead to cognitive decline in the progression of CKD and AD. Potential preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD are also presented. Further studies are warranted in order to confirm whether the setting of CKD is a possible new determinant for cognitive impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang-Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xian-Fang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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17
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Effects and Mechanisms of Five Psoralea Prenylflavonoids on Aging-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2128513. [PMID: 32655760 PMCID: PMC7320294 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2128513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During the aging process, senescent cells gradually accumulate in the organs; they secrete proinflammatory cytokines and other factors, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP secretions contribute to “inflammaging,” which is a state of chronic, systemic, sterility, low-grade inflammatory microenvironment and a key risk factor in the development of aging-related diseases. Fructus psoraleae is a traditional Chinese medical herb best known for delaying aging and treating osteoporosis. Prenylflavonoids from fructus psoraleae are the main bioactive compounds responsible for its pharmacological applications, such as beaching, bavachinin, bavachalcone, isobavachalcone, and neobavaisoflavone. In previous decades, there have been some promising studies on the pharmacology of fructus psoraleae. Here, we focus on the anti-inflammatory and antiaging diseases of five psoralea prenylflavonoids, such as cardiovascular protection, diabetes and obesity intervention, neuroprotection, and osteoporosis, and discuss the mechanism of these active ingredients for better understanding the material basis and drug application of fructus psoraleae in Chinese medicine.
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18
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Rey F, Balsari A, Giallongo T, Ottolenghi S, Di Giulio AM, Samaja M, Carelli S. Erythropoietin as a Neuroprotective Molecule: An Overview of Its Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419871420. [PMID: 31450955 PMCID: PMC6712762 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419871420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine mainly induced in hypoxia conditions. Its major production site is the kidney. EPO primarily acts on the erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. More and more studies are highlighting its secondary functions, with a crucial focus on its role in the central nervous system. Here, EPO may interact with up to four distinct isoforms of its receptor (erythropoietin receptor [EPOR]), activating different signaling cascades with roles in neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Indeed, the EPO/EPOR axis has been widely studied in the neurodegenerative diseases field. Its potential therapeutic effects have been evaluated in multiple disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, as well as brain ischemia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia. EPO is showing great promise by counteracting secondary neuroinflammatory processes, reactive oxygen species imbalance, and cell death in these diseases. Multiple studies have been performed both in vitro and in vivo, characterizing the mechanisms through which EPO exerts its neurotrophic action. In some cases, clinical trials involving EPO have been performed, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Together, all these works indicate the potential beneficial effects of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Balsari
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Anna M Di Giulio
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,3 Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,3 Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Italy
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19
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Chang YM, Ashok Kumar K, Ju DT, Ho TJ, Mahalakshmi B, Lin WT, Day CH, Vijaya Padma V, Liao PH, Huang CY. Dipeptide IF prevents the effects of hypertension-induced Alzheimer's disease on long-term memory in the cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:570-581. [PMID: 31889399 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions; it can damage blood vessels and rupture blood vessels can trap in small vessels. This blockage can prevent blood flow and oxygen delivery to brain cells and can result in Alzheimer's disease (AD). HTN- and AD-mediated long-time memory loss and its treatment remain poorly understood. Plant-derived natural compounds are alternative solutions for effectively treating diseases without any side effects. This study revealed that bioactive peptides extracted from potato hydrolysis suppress HTN-mediated long-term memory (LTM) loss and cell apoptosis, thus improving memory formation and neuronal cell survival in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) rat model. SHR rats were treated with bioactive peptide IF (10 mg/kg orally) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (5 mg/kg orally). In this study, we evaluated the molecular expression levels of BDNF-, GluR1-, and CREB-mediated markers protein expression in 24-week-old SHR rats. The study result showed that HTN-induced AD regulated long-term memory (LTM) loss and neuronal degeneration in the SHR animals. The bioactive peptide-treated animals showed an elevated level of survival proteins. Bioactive peptide IF activate CREB-mediated downstream proteins to regulate synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival in the SHR rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ming Chang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Department, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - K Ashok Kumar
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tong Ju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Wan-Teng Lin
- Department of Hospitality Management, College of Agriculture, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia H Day
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - V Vijaya Padma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Po-Hsiang Liao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Sumbria RK. Targeting the transferrin receptor to develop erythropoietin for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2251-2252. [PMID: 32594042 PMCID: PMC7749478 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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21
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Sun J, Yang J, Whitman K, Zhu C, Cribbs DH, Boado RJ, Pardridge WM, Sumbria RK. Hematologic safety of chronic brain-penetrating erythropoietin dosing in APP/PS1 mice. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:627-636. [PMID: 31660425 PMCID: PMC6807369 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Low blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and hematopoietic side effects limit the therapeutic development of erythropoietin (EPO) for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A fusion protein of EPO and a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting the mouse transferrin receptor (cTfRMAb) has been engineered. The latter drives EPO into the brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis across the BBB and increases its peripheral clearance to reduce hematopoietic side effects of EPO. Our previous work shows the protective effects of this BBB-penetrating EPO in AD mice but hematologic effects have not been studied. Herein, we investigate the hematologic safety and therapeutic effects of chronic cTfRMAb-EPO dosing, in comparison to recombinant human EPO (rhu-EPO), in AD mice. Methods Male APPswe PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice (9.5 months) were treated with saline (n = 11), and equimolar doses of cTfRMAb-EPO (3 mg/kg, n = 7), or rhu-EPO (0.6 mg/kg, n = 9) 2 days/week subcutaneously for 6 weeks, compared to saline-treated wild-type mice (n = 10). At 6 weeks, exploration and memory were assessed, and mice were sacrificed at 8 weeks. Spleens were weighed, and brains were evaluated for amyloid beta (Aβ) load and synaptophysin. Blood was collected at 4, 6 and 8 weeks for a complete blood count and white blood cells differential. Results cTfRMAb-EPO transiently increased reticulocyte counts after 4 weeks, followed by normalization of reticulocytes at 6 and 8 weeks. rhu-EPO transiently increased red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and significantly decreased mean corpuscular volume and reticulocytes at 4 weeks, which remained low at 6 weeks. At 8 weeks, a significant decline in red blood cell indices was observed with rhu-EPO treatment. Exploration and cognitive deficits were significantly worse in APP/PS1-rhu-EPO mice. Both cTfRMAb-EPO and rhu-EPO decreased 6E10-positive brain Aβ load; however, cTfRMAb-EPO and not rhu-EPO selectively reduced brain Aβ1-42 and elevated synaptophysin expression. Discussion Chronic treatment with cTfRMAb-EPO results in better hematologic safety, behavioral, and therapeutic indices compared with rhu-EPO, supporting the development of this BBB-penetrable EPO analog for AD. Chimeric monoclonal antibody against the mouse TfR (cTfRMAb)-erythropoietin (EPO) is a brain-penetrating IgG-EPO fusion protein. Chronic treatment with cTfRMAb-EPO does not alter hematology indices in APP/PS1 mice. Equimolar dose of recombinant human EPO significantly alters hematologic indices in APP/PS1 mice. Both cTfRMAb-EPO and recombinant human EPO reduce amyloid beta load in APP/PS1 mice. cTfRMAb-EPO selectively reduces amyloid beta (1–42) and increases synaptophysin in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Yang
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Kathrine Whitman
- Department of Neuroscience, Keck Science Department, Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Charlene Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, Keck Science Department, Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - David H. Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rachita K. Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: (909) 607-0319; Fax: (909) 607-9826.
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Dara T, Vatanara A, Sharifzadeh M, Khani S, Vakilinezhad MA, Vakhshiteh F, Nabi Meybodi M, Sadegh Malvajerd S, Hassani S, Mosaddegh MH. Improvement of memory deficits in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease by erythropoietin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 166:107082. [PMID: 31493483 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic factor, is one of the promising neuroprotective candidates in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to the high molecular weight, hydrophilicity and rapid clearance from circulation, EPO could not completely pass the blood-brain barrier in the case of systemic administration. To overcome this limitation, EPO-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (EPO-SLN) was developed in this study using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method (W1/O/W2). Glycerin monostearate (GMS), span®80/span®60, Dichloromethane (DCM) and tween®80 were chosen as lipid, internal phase surfactants, solvent, and external aqueous phase surfactant, respectively. After physicochemical evaluations, the effect of EPO-SLN on the beta-amyloid-induced AD-like animal model was investigated. In vivo evaluations, it was demonstrated that the memory was significantly restored in cognitive deficit rats treated with EPO-SLN compared to the rats treated with native drug using the Morris water maze test. In addition, EPO-SLN reduced the oxidative stress, ADP/ATP ratio, and beta-amyloid plaque deposition in the hippocampus more effectively than the free EPO. Hence, the designed SLN can be regarded as a promising system for safe and effective delivery of EPO in the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Dara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Vatanara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samira Khani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi Meybodi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Soroor Sadegh Malvajerd
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xing S, Pan N, Xu W, Zhang J, Li J, Dang C, Liu G, Pei Z, Zeng J. EphrinB2 activation enhances angiogenesis, reduces amyloid-β deposits and secondary damage in thalamus at the early stage after cortical infarction in hypertensive rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1776-1789. [PMID: 29624118 PMCID: PMC6727142 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18769188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral infarction causes secondary neurodegeneration and angiogenesis in thalamus, which impacts functional recovery after stroke. Here, we hypothesize that activation of ephrinB2 could stimulate angiogenesis and restore the secondary neurodegeneration in thalamus after cerebral infarction. Focal cerebral infarction was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Secondary damage, angiogenesis, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits, levels of ephrinB2 and receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) in the ipsilateral thalamus were determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblot. The contribution of ephrinB2 to angiogenesis was determined by siRNA-mediated knockdown of ephrinB2 and pharmacological activation of ephrinB2. The results showed that formation of new vessels and ephrinB2 expression was markedly increased in the ipsilateral thalamus at seven days after MCAO. EphrinB2 knockdown markedly suppressed angiogenesis coinciding with increased Aβ accumulation, neuronal loss and gliosis in the ipsilateral thalamus. In contrast, clustered EphB2-Fc significantly enhanced angiogenesis, alleviated Aβ accumulation and the secondary thalamic damage, which was accompanied by accelerated function recovery. Additionally, activation of ephrinB2 significantly reduced RAGE levels in the ipsilateral thalamus. Our findings suggest that activation of ephrinB2 promotes angiogenesis, ameliorates Aβ accumulation and the secondary thalamic damage after cerebral infarction. Additionally, RAGE might be involved in Aβ clearance by activating ephrinB2 in the thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Xing
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nannan Pan
- 2 Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Dang
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Dmytriyeva O, Belmeguenai A, Bezin L, Soud K, Drucker Woldbye DP, Gøtzsche CR, Pankratova S. Short erythropoietin-derived peptide enhances memory, improves long-term potentiation, and counteracts amyloid beta–induced pathology. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 81:88-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Challenges in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: recent progress and treatment strategies of pharmaceuticals targeting notable pathological factors. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:623-652. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sun J, Martin JM, Vanderpoel V, Sumbria RK. The Promises and Challenges of Erythropoietin for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:12-24. [PMID: 30656553 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the world, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid-beta protein deposits represent the major pathological hallmarks of the disease. Currently available treatments provide some symptomatic relief but fail to modify primary pathological processes that underlie the disease. Erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic growth factor, acts primarily to stimulate erythroid cell production, and is clinically used to treat anemia. EPO has evolved as a therapeutic agent for neurodegeneration and has improved neurological outcomes and AD pathology in rodents. However, penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and negative hematopoietic effects are the two major challenges for the therapeutic development of EPO for chronic neurodegenerative diseases like AD. The transferrin receptors at the BBB, which are responsible for transporting transferrin-bound iron from the blood into the brain parenchyma, can be used to shuttle therapeutic molecules across the BBB. In this review, we discuss the role of EPO as a potential neurotherapeutic for AD, challenges associated with EPO development for AD, and targeting the BBB transferrin receptor for EPO brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Jan Michelle Martin
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | | | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA.
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27
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Gong G, Qi B, Liang YT, Dong TTX, Wang HY, Tsim KWK, Zheng Y. Danggui Buxue Tang, an ancient Chinese herbal decoction, protects β-amyloid-induced cell death in cultured cortical neurons. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:9. [PMID: 30621672 PMCID: PMC6323849 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is a historical Chinese herbal decoction, and which has more than 800 years of applications. This herbal decoction solely contains two materials: Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) at a weight ratio of 5:1. Clinically, DBT aims to improve anemia syndrome. In complementary and alternative medicine theory, the cause of neurodegenerative disease is proposed to be related with anemia. In line to this notion, low levels of hemoglobin and red blood cell have been reported in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disease caused by β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) accumulation. Therefore, we would like to probe the neuroprotective functions of this ancient herbal formula in vitro. Method The neuroprotective effects of DBT in the Aβ-induced cell death were detected in cultured cortical neurons by multiple techniques, i.e. confocal and western blot. Results In the cultures, application of DBT reduced Aβ-induced apoptosis rate in a dose-dependent manner. In Aβ-treated cortical neurons, the expression ratio of Bcl2 to Bax was altered by DBT. In parallel, application of DBT markedly suppressed the Aβ-induced expressions of apoptotic markers, i.e. cleaved-caspase 3/9 and PARP. Conclusion Taken these results, DBT shows promising protective effects against Aβ-induced stress or insult in cultured neurons.
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Erythropoietin Protects Against Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration in Diabetic Mice. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 9:bs9010004. [PMID: 30597853 PMCID: PMC6358900 DOI: 10.3390/bs9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of erythropoietin (EPO) is neuroprotective against a variety of experimentally-induced neurological disorders. The aim was to determine if EPO protects against hippocampal neurodegeneration as well as impairment of cognition and motor performance, associated with long-term diabetes. BALB/c mice were randomly allocated between control, diabetic and EPO-treated diabetic groups. EPO-treated diabetic mice were administered EPO 0.05 U/kg/day i.p. three times/week for 10 weeks. Cognition was assessed by Morris water maze. Brain samples were processed for light microscopic evaluation of hippocampus. Controls showed gradual improvement of cognitive performance in water maze when comparing latency (p < 0.01) and distance swum to reach the platform (p = 0.001). There was a similar trend for improvement in EPO-treated diabetics (p < 0.001). Latency did not improve in diabetic animals indicating lack of learning (p = 0.79). In probe trials, controls and EPO-treated diabetics spent more time in the training quadrant than expected by chance (p < 0.001). Diabetics did not show memory recall behavior; performance was significantly worse than expected by chance (p = 0.023). In diabetics, there was neurodegeneration in hippocampus and reduction in number of granule cells (p < 0.01) in the dentate gyrus. EPO treatment improved these neurodegenerative changes and preserved numbers of granule cells (p < 0.1, compared to controls). Erythropoietin treatment is protective against cognitive deficits and hippocampal neurodegeneration in diabetic mice.
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29
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Chang R, Al Maghribi A, Vanderpoel V, Vasilevko V, Cribbs DH, Boado R, Pardridge WM, Sumbria RK. Brain Penetrating Bifunctional Erythropoietin-Transferrin Receptor Antibody Fusion Protein for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4963-4973. [PMID: 30252487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein cytokine essential to hematopoiesis, has neuroprotective effects in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, high therapeutic doses or invasive routes of administration of EPO are required to achieve effective brain concentrations due to low blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability, and high EPO doses result in hematopoietic side effects. These obstacles can be overcome by engineering a BBB-penetrable analog of EPO, which is rapidly cleared from the blood, by fusing EPO to a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting the transferrin receptor (cTfRMAb), which acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the EPO into the brain via the transvascular route. In the current study, we investigated the effects of the BBB-penetrable analog of EPO on AD pathology in a double transgenic mouse model of AD. Five and a half month old male APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice were treated with saline ( n = 10) or the BBB-penetrable EPO ( n = 10) 3 days/week intraperitoneally for 8 weeks, compared to same-aged C57BL/6J wild-type mice treated with saline ( n = 8) with identical regiment. At 9 weeks following treatment initiation, exploration and spatial memory were assessed with the open-field and Y-maze test, mice were sacrificed, and brains were evaluated for Aβ peptide load, synaptic loss, BBB disruption, microglial activation, and microhemorrhages. APP/PS1 mice treated with the BBB-penetrable cTfRMAb-EPO fusion protein had significantly lower cortical and hippocampal Aβ peptide number ( p < 0.05) and immune-positive area ( p < 0.05), a decrease in hippocampal synaptic loss ( p < 0.05) and cortical microglial activation ( p < 0.001), and improved spatial memory ( p < 0.05) compared with APP/PS1 saline controls. BBB-penetrating EPO was not associated with microhemorrhage development. The cTfRMAb-EPO fusion protein offers therapeutic benefits by targeting multiple targets of AD pathogenesis and progression (Aβ load, synaptic loss, microglial activation) and improving spatial memory in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Chang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont , California 91711 , United States
| | - Abrar Al Maghribi
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences , Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont , California 91711 , United States
| | - Victoria Vanderpoel
- Department of Neuroscience , Pomona College , Claremont , California 91711 , United States
| | - Vitaly Vasilevko
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Ruben Boado
- ArmaGen, Inc. , Calabasas , California 91302 , United States
| | | | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont , California 91711 , United States.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
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Ibrahim AN, Attallah MI, Elnaggar RA. Combination of Cholecalciferol and Rivastigmine Improves Cognitive Dysfunction and Reduces Inflammation in STZ Induced Alzheimer's Model Experimentally in Rats. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.11131/2018/101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amany N. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Qalubiya, Egypt
| | - Magdy I. Attallah
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Abdelrahman Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
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Erythropoietin and Nrf2: key factors in the neuroprotection provided by apo-lactoferrin. Biometals 2018; 31:425-443. [PMID: 29748743 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the properties of lactoferrin (LF) are bactericidal, antianemic, immunomodulatory, antitumour, antiphlogistic effects. Previously we demonstrated its capacity to stabilize in vivo HIF-1-alpha and HIF-2-alpha, which are redox-sensitive multiaimed transcription factors. Various tissues of animals receiving recombinant human LF (rhLF) responded by expressing the HIF-1-alpha target genes, hence such proteins as erythropoietin (EPO), ceruloplasmin, etc. were synthesized in noticeable amounts. Among organs in which EPO synthesis occurred were brain, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys and lungs. Other researchers showed that EPO can act as a protectant against severe brain injury and status epilepticus in rats. Therefore, we tried rhLF as a protector against the severe neurologic disorders developed in rats, such as the rotenone-induced model of Parkinson's disease and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as a model of multiple sclerosis, and observed its capacity to mitigate the grave symptoms. Moreover, an intraperitoneal injection of rhLF into mice 1 h after occlusion of the medial cerebral artery significantly diminished the necrosis area measured on the third day in the ischaemic brain. During this period EPO was synthesized in various murine tissues. It was known that EPO induces nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which, like HIF-1-alpha, is a transcription factor. In view that under conditions of hypoxia both factors demonstrate a synergistic protective effect, we suggested that LF activates the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, an important link in proliferation and differentiation of normal and malignant cells. J774 macrophages were cultured for 3 days without or in the presence of ferric and ferrous ions (RPMI-1640 and DMEM/F12, respectively). Then cells were incubated with rhLF or Deferiprone. Confocal microscopy revealed nuclear translocation of Nrf2 (the key event in Keap1/Nrf2 signaling) induced by apo-rhLF (iron-free, RPMI-1640). The reference compound Deferiprone (iron chelator) had the similar effect. Upon iron binding (in DMEM/F12) rhLF did not activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Added to J774, apo-rhLF enhanced transcription of Nrf2-dependent genes coding for glutathione S-transferase P and heme oxygenase-1. Western blotting revealed presence of Nrf2 in mice brain after 6 days of oral administration of apo-rhLF, but not Fe-rhLF or equivalent amount of PBS. Hence, apo-LF, but not holo-LF, induces the translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to the nucleus, probably due to its capacity to induce EPO synthesis.
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Tikhonova MA, Amstislavskaya TG, Belichenko VM, Fedoseeva LA, Kovalenko SP, Pisareva EE, Avdeeva AS, Kolosova NG, Belyaev ND, Aftanas LI. Modulation of the expression of genes related to the system of amyloid-beta metabolism in the brain as a novel mechanism of ceftriaxone neuroprotective properties. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:13. [PMID: 29745864 PMCID: PMC5998892 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dominant hypothesis about the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the “amyloid cascade” concept and modulating the expression of proteins involved in the metabolism of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is proposed as an effective strategy for the prevention and therapy of AD. Recently, we found that an antibiotic ceftriaxone (CEF), which possesses neuroprotective activity, reduced cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative changes in OXYS rats, a model of sporadic AD. The molecular mechanisms of this effect are not completely clear, we suggested that the drug might serve as the regulator of the expression of the genes involved in the metabolism of Aβ and the pathogenesis of AD. The study was aimed to determine the effects of CEF on mRNA levels of Bace1 (encoding β-secretase BACE1 involved in Aβ production), Mme, Ide, Ece1, Ace2 (encoding enzymes involved in Aβ degradation), Epo (encoding erythropoietin related to endothelial function and clearance of Aβ across the blood brain barrier) in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, and amygdala of OXYS and Wistar (control strain) male rats. Starting from the age of 14 weeks, animals received CEF (100 mg/kg/day, i.p., 36 days) or saline. mRNA levels were evaluated with RT-qPCR method. Biochemical parameters of plasma were measured for control of system effects of the treatment. Results To better understand strain variations studied here, we compared the gene expression between untreated OXYS and Wistar rats. This comparison showed a significant decrease in mRNA levels of Ace2 in the frontal cortex and hypothalamus, and of Actb in the amygdala of untreated OXYS rats. Analysis of potential effects of CEF revealed its novel targets. In the compound-treated OXYS cohort, CEF diminished mRNA levels of Bace1 and Ace2 in the hypothalamus, and Aktb in the frontal cortex. Furthermore, CEF augmented Mme, Ide, and Epo mRNA levels in the amygdala as well as the levels of Ece1 and Aktb in the striatum. Finally, CEF also attenuated the activity of ALT and AST in plasma of OXYS rats. Conclusion Those findings disclosed novel targets for CEF action that might be involved into neuroprotective mechanisms at early, pre-plaque stages of AD-like pathology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Tikhonova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine" (SRIPhBM), Timakov St., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine" (SRIPhBM), Timakov St., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Victor M Belichenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine" (SRIPhBM), Timakov St., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
| | - Larisa A Fedoseeva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine" (SRIPhBM), Timakov St., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia.,Federal Research Center "Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey P Kovalenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine" (SRIPhBM), Timakov St., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Pisareva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine" (SRIPhBM), Timakov St., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
| | - Alla S Avdeeva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine" (SRIPhBM), Timakov St., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
| | - Nataliya G Kolosova
- Federal Research Center "Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Lyubomir I Aftanas
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine" (SRIPhBM), Timakov St., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Li P, Ding D, Ma XY, Zhang HW, Liu JX, Zhang M. Altered intrinsic brain activity and memory performance improvement in patients with end-stage renal disease during a single dialysis session. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:1640-1649. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Marottoli FM, Katsumata Y, Koster KP, Thomas R, Fardo DW, Tai LM. Peripheral Inflammation, Apolipoprotein E4, and Amyloid-β Interact to Induce Cognitive and Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. ASN Neuro 2017; 9:1759091417719201. [PMID: 28707482 PMCID: PMC5521356 DOI: 10.1177/1759091417719201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is rapidly reemerging as a major process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is, therefore, crucial to delineate the roles of AD risk factors in cerebrovascular dysfunction. While apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), Amyloid-β (Aβ), and peripheral inflammation independently induce cerebrovascular damage, their collective effects remain to be elucidated. The goal of this study was to determine the interactive effect of APOE4, Aβ, and chronic repeated peripheral inflammation on cerebrovascular and cognitive dysfunction in vivo. EFAD mice are a well-characterized mouse model that express human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD) and overproduce human Aβ42 via expression of 5 Familial Alzheimer’s disease (5xFAD) mutations. Here, we utilized EFAD carriers [5xFAD+/−/APOE+/+ (EFAD+)] and noncarriers [5xFAD−/−/APOE+/+ (EFAD−)] to compare the effects of peripheral inflammation in the presence or absence of human Aβ overproduction. Low-level, chronic repeated peripheral inflammation was induced in EFAD mice via systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.5 mg/kg/wk i.p.) from 4 to 6 months of age. In E4FAD+ mice, peripheral inflammation caused cognitive deficits and lowered post-synaptic protein levels. Importantly, cerebrovascular deficits were observed in LPS-challenged E4FAD+ mice, including cerebrovascular leakiness, lower vessel coverage, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy-like Aβ deposition. Thus, APOE4, Aβ, and peripheral inflammation interact to induce cerebrovascular damage and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felecia M Marottoli
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin P Koster
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Riya Thomas
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,3 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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Erythropoietin and Its Angiogenic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071519. [PMID: 28703764 PMCID: PMC5536009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main hematopoietic hormone acting on progenitor red blood cells via stimulation of cell growth, differentiation, and anti-apoptosis. However, its receptor (EPOR) is also expressed in various non-hematopoietic tissues, including endothelium. EPO is a pleiotropic growth factor that exhibits growth stimulation and cell/tissue protection on numerous cells and tissues. In this article we review the angiogenesis potential of EPO on endothelial cells in heart, brain, and leg ischemia, as well as its role in retinopathy protection and tumor promotion. Furthermore, the effect of EPO on bone marrow and adipose tissue is also discussed.
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Wang R, Zhao H, Li J, Duan Y, Fan Z, Tao Z, Ju F, Yan F, Luo Y. Erythropoietin attenuates axonal injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Neurol Res 2017; 39:545-551. [PMID: 28413924 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1316904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erythropoietin (EPO) confers potent neuroprotection against ischemic injury through a variety of mechanisms. However, the protective effect of EPO on axons after cerebral ischemia in adult mice is rarely covered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of EPO on axons in mice after cerebral ischemia. METHODS A total of 30 adult male C57 BL/6 mice were treated with EPO (5000 IU/kg) or vehicle after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The mortality rate of each experimental group was calculated. Neurological function was assessed by Rota-rod test. Frozen sections from each mouse brain at 14 days after reperfusion were used to evaluate the fluorescent intensity of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament 200 (NF-200). Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to assess the protein level of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of mature astrocytes. The protein levels of the myelin-derived growth inhibitory proteins, neurite growth inhibitor-A (Nogo-A), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMG) were also examined by Western blot after MCAO. RESULTS The survival rate of the vehicle group 14 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was 50%, which increased to 80% after EPO treatment at the start of reperfusion. EPO improved neurobehavioral outcomes at days 3 and 7 after MCAO was compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, EPO ameliorated demyelination, demonstrated by upregulation of the MBP/NF-200 ratio. Meanwhile, increased levels of β-APP, GFAP, Nogo-A, and MAG after MCAO were reduced by EPO treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION EPO treatment attenuates axonal injury and improves neurological function after cerebral ischemia in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongliang Wang
- a Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Center of Stroke , Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- a Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Center of Stroke , Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Jincheng Li
- d Department of Neurology , Zibo Central Hospital , Zibo , China
| | - Yunxia Duan
- b Center of Stroke , Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Zhibin Fan
- a Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Center of Stroke , Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Zhen Tao
- a Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Center of Stroke , Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Fei Ju
- e Internal Medicine Department , Central Hospital of Beijing Prison Administration Bureau , Beijing , China
| | - Feng Yan
- a Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Center of Stroke , Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Yumin Luo
- a Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Center of Stroke , Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
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Hirakawa Y, Inagi R. Glycative Stress and Its Defense Machinery Glyoxalase 1 in Renal Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010174. [PMID: 28106734 PMCID: PMC5297806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem around the world. Because the kidney plays a role in reducing glycative stress, renal dysfunction results in increased glycative stress. In turn, glycative stress, especially that due to advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and their precursors such as reactive carbonyl compounds, exacerbates chronic kidney disease and is related to premature aging in chronic kidney disease, whether caused by diabetes mellitus or otherwise. Factors which hinder a sufficient reduction in glycative stress include the inhibition of anti-glycation enzymes (e.g., GLO-1), as well as pathogenically activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and hypoxia in the kidney. Promising strategies aimed at halting the vicious cycle between chronic kidney disease and increases in glycative stress include the suppression of AGE accumulation in the body and the enhancement of GLO-1 to strengthen the host defense machinery against glycative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirakawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Epobis is a Nonerythropoietic and Neuroprotective Agonist of the Erythropoietin Receptor with Anti-Inflammatory and Memory Enhancing Effects. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1346390. [PMID: 27990061 PMCID: PMC5136666 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1346390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. Moreover, EPO has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects, but the use of EPO as a neuroprotective agent is hampered by its erythropoietic activity. We have recently designed the synthetic, dendrimeric peptide, Epobis, derived from the sequence of human EPO. This peptide binds the EPO receptor and promotes neuritogenesis and neuronal cell survival. Here we demonstrate that Epobis in vitro promotes neuritogenesis in primary motoneurons and has anti-inflammatory effects as demonstrated by its ability to decrease TNF release from activated AMJ2-C8 macrophages and rat primary microglia. When administered systemically Epobis is detectable in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, demonstrating that the peptide crosses the blood-brain barrier. Importantly, Epobis is not erythropoietic, but systemic administration of Epobis in rats delays the clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis, and the peptide has long-term, but not short-term, effects on working memory, detected as an improved social memory 3 days after administration. These data reveal Epobis to be a nonerythropoietic and neuroprotective EPO receptor agonist with anti-inflammatory and memory enhancing properties.
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Rodríguez Cruz Y, Strehaiano M, Rodríguez Obaya T, García Rodríguez JC, Maurice T. An Intranasal Formulation of Erythropoietin (Neuro-EPO) Prevents Memory Deficits and Amyloid Toxicity in the APPSwe Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 55:231-248. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamila Rodríguez Cruz
- Department of Histology, Institute of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba
- Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Manon Strehaiano
- Inserm U1198, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- EPHE, Paris, France
| | | | - Julío César García Rodríguez
- Department of Histology, Institute of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tangui Maurice
- Inserm U1198, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- EPHE, Paris, France
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Thomas R, Zuchowska P, Morris AWJ, Marottoli FM, Sunny S, Deaton R, Gann PH, Tai LM. Epidermal growth factor prevents APOE4 and amyloid-beta-induced cognitive and cerebrovascular deficits in female mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:111. [PMID: 27788676 PMCID: PMC5084423 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular (CV) dysfunction is emerging as a critical component of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including altered CV coverage. Angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) are key for controlling CV coverage, especially during disease pathology. Therefore, evaluating the effects of AGFs in vivo can provide important information on the role of CV coverage in AD. We recently demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) prevents amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced damage to brain endothelial cells in vitro. Here, our goal was to assess the protective effects of EGF on cognition, CV coverage and Aβ levels using an AD-Tg model that incorporates CV relevant AD risk factors. APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD especially in women and is associated with CV dysfunction. EFAD mice express human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD), overproduce human Aβ42 and are a well characterized model of APOE pathology. Thus, initially the role of APOE and sex in cognitive and CV dysfunction was assessed in EFAD mice in order to identify a group for EGF treatment. At 8 months E4FAD female mice were cognitively impaired, had low CV coverage, high microbleeds and low plasma EGF levels. Therefore, E4FAD female mice were selected for an EGF prevention paradigm (300 μg/kg/wk, 6 to 8.5 months). EGF prevented cognitive decline and was associated with lower microbleeds and higher CV coverage, but not changes in Aβ levels. Collectively, these data suggest that EGF can prevent Aβ-induced damage to the CV. Developing therapeutic strategies based on AGFs may be particularly efficacious for APOE4-induced AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Paulina Zuchowska
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Alan W. J. Morris
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Felecia M. Marottoli
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Sangeeta Sunny
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core (RHTIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Ryan Deaton
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core (RHTIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Peter H. Gann
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core (RHTIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Leon M. Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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Neuronal prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 deficiency improves cognitive abilities in a murine model of cerebral hypoperfusion. Exp Neurol 2016; 286:93-106. [PMID: 27720797 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Episodes of cerebral hypoxia/ischemia increase the risk of dementia, which is associated with impaired learning and memory. Previous studies in rodent models of dementia indicated a favorable effect of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) targets VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and erythropoietin (Epo). In the present study we thus investigated whether activation of the entire adaptive HIF pathway in neurons by cell-specific deletion of the HIF suppressor prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) improves cognitive abilities in young (3months) and old (18-28months) mice suffering from chronic brain hypoperfusion. Mice underwent permanent occlusion of the left common carotid artery, and cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water navigation task. Under conditions of both normal and decreased brain perfusion, neuronal PHD2 deficiency resulted in improved and faster spatial learning in young mice, which was preserved to some extent also in old animals. The loss of PHD2 in neurons resulted in enhanced hippocampal mRNA and protein levels of Epo and VEGF, but did not alter local microvascular density, dendritic spine morphology, or expression of synaptic plasticity-related genes in the hippocampus. Instead, better cognitive function in PHD2 deficient animals was accompanied by an increased number of neuronal precursor cells along the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Overall, our current pre-clinical findings indicate an important role for the endogenous oxygen sensing machinery, encompassing PHDs, HIFs and HIF target genes, for proper cognitive function. Thus, pharmacological compounds affecting the PHD-HIF axis might well be suited to treat cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative processes.
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Erythropoietin Restores Long-Term Neurocognitive Function Involving Mechanisms of Neuronal Plasticity in a Model of Hyperoxia-Induced Preterm Brain Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9247493. [PMID: 27493706 PMCID: PMC4963567 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9247493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral white and grey matter injury is the leading cause of an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in prematurely born infants. High oxygen concentrations have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of neonatal brain damage. Here, we focused on motor-cognitive outcome up to the adolescent and adult age in an experimental model of preterm brain injury. In search of the putative mechanisms of action we evaluated oligodendrocyte degeneration, myelination, and modulation of synaptic plasticity-related molecules. A single dose of erythropoietin (20,000 IU/kg) at the onset of hyperoxia (24 hours, 80% oxygen) in 6-day-old Wistar rats improved long-lasting neurocognitive development up to the adolescent and adult stage. Analysis of white matter structures revealed a reduction of acute oligodendrocyte degeneration. However, erythropoietin did not influence hypomyelination occurring a few days after injury or long-term microstructural white matter abnormalities detected in adult animals. Erythropoietin administration reverted hyperoxia-induced reduction of neuronal plasticity-related mRNA expression up to four months after injury. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of erythropoietin as a neuroregenerative treatment option in neonatal brain injury, leading to improved memory function in adolescent and adult rats which may be linked to increased neuronal network connectivity.
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Abstract
Globally, greater than 30 million individuals are afflicted with disorders of the nervous system accompanied by tens of thousands of new cases annually with limited, if any, treatment options. Erythropoietin (EPO) offers an exciting and novel therapeutic strategy to address both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. EPO governs a number of critical protective and regenerative mechanisms that can impact apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death pathways through protein kinase B (Akt), sirtuins, mammalian forkhead transcription factors, and wingless signaling. Translation of the cytoprotective pathways of EPO into clinically effective treatments for some neurodegenerative disorders has been promising, but additional work is necessary. In particular, development of new treatments with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as EPO brings several important challenges that involve detrimental vascular outcomes and tumorigenesis. Future work that can effectively and safely harness the complexity of the signaling pathways of EPO will be vital for the fruitful treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101
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44
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Bassiony HS, Zickri MB, Metwally HG, Elsherif HA, Alghandour SM, Sakr W. Comparative Histological Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Green Tea and Stem Cells in Alzheimer's Disease Complicating Experimentally Induced Diabetes. Int J Stem Cells 2015; 8:181-90. [PMID: 26634066 PMCID: PMC4651282 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Increasing evidence implicates diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor for AD. Green tea (GT) has several beneficial effects attributed to its anti-oxidant phenolic compounds. Adipose tissue is a rich source of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). This study was designed to evaluate and compare the possible therapeutic effect of green tea extract (GTE) and ADSCs on AD complicating induced DM in male rat. METHODS 31 adult male albino rats were divided into 5 groups. Group I (Control), Group II received GTE, 50 mg/kg daily orally for 4 weeks, Group III received a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ), 50 mg/kg, Group IV: received STZ followed by GTE and Group V: received STZ followed by human ADSCs (hADSCs) intravenously. RESULTS Multiple acidophilic masses, deformed neurons, Congo red +ve masses and Caspase 3 +ve neurons were seen in group III, became few in group IV and occasional in group V. Multiple Prussian blue +ve cells were detected in group V. Some CD44 +ve cells were noticed in group III, became multiple in groups IV and V. The mean area of neurons exhibiting acidophilic cytoplasm, mean area of amyloid plaques and mean area % of Caspase 3 +ve cells indicated a significant increase in group III. The mean area % of CD44 +ve cells recorded a significant increase in group IV. CONCLUSIONS hADSCs exerted a more marked therapeutic effect on the neurodegenerative changes complicating DM and corresponding to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha Baligh Zickri
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Gabr Metwally
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Ahmed Elsherif
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Wael Sakr
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Samy DM, Ismail CA, Nassra RA, Zeitoun TM, Nomair AM. Downstream modulation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's dementia in rats: Erythropoietin versus curcumin. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 770:52-60. [PMID: 26638997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin and curcumin showed promising neuroprotective effects in various models of Alzheimer's dementia. This study was designed to compare the beneficial effects of erythropoietin and/or curcumin in intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's like disease in rats. Rats received ICV injection of either saline (control, n=8 rats), or streptozotocin. Three weeks following surgery, streptozotocin-injected rats were assigned into 4 groups (8 rats each); vehicle, curcumin (80mg/kg/day, orally), erythropoietin (500 IU/kg every other day, intraperitoneally) and combined (curcumin and erythropoietin)-treated groups. After 3 months of treatment, rats were subjected to neurobehavioral testing, and then killed for biochemical and histological assessment of hippocampus. Fas ligand protein and caspase-8 activity as mediators of extrinsic apoptotic pathway, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione) and β-amyloid (1-40 and 1-42) peptides were measured. The results showed that administration of erythropoietin suppressed extrinsic apoptosis better than curcumin, while curcumin was more effective in combating oxidative stress in ICV-streptozotocin injected rats. Both erythropoietin and curcumin treatments (individually or combined) equally reduced the hippocampal β-amyloid accumulation and improved cognitive impairment in Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks. The combined treatment was the most effective in ameliorating apoptosis and oxidative stress rather than behavioral responses or β-amyloid burden. In conclusion, ICV-streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's dementia activates hippocampal Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis, which could be reduced by erythropoietin and/or curcumin treatment. Curcumin supplementation alone could ameliorate cognitive deficits and reverse biochemical alterations in ICV-streptozotocin Alzheimer's rat model without the hazardous polycythemic effect of long-term erythropoietin injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Samy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Moassat Hospital, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Cherine A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Moassat Hospital, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Rasha A Nassra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Moassat Hospital, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Teshreen M Zeitoun
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Moassat Hospital, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Azhar M Nomair
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
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Maiese K. Erythropoietin and diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:1259-1273. [PMID: 26516410 PMCID: PMC4620106 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i14.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a 30.4 kDa growth factor and cytokine that governs cell proliferation, immune modulation, metabolic homeostasis, vascular function, and cytoprotection. EPO is under investigation for the treatment of variety of diseases, but appears especially suited for the treatment of disorders of metabolism that include diabetes mellitus (DM). DM and the complications of this disease impact a significant portion of the global population leading to disability and death with currently limited therapeutic options. In addition to its utility for the treatment of anemia, EPO can improve cardiac function, reduce fatigue, and improve cognition in patients with DM as well as regulate cellular energy metabolism, obesity, tissue repair and regeneration, apoptosis, and autophagy in experimental models of DM. Yet, EPO can have adverse effects that involve the vasculature system and unchecked cellular proliferation. Critical to the cytoprotective capacity and the potential for a positive clinical outcome with EPO are the control of signal transduction pathways that include protein kinase B, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, Wnt signaling, mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the O class, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and AMP activated protein kinase. Therapeutic strategies that can specifically target and control EPO and its signaling pathways hold great promise for the development of new and effective clinical treatments for DM and the complications of this disorder.
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Heinzelman P, Schoborg JA, Jewett MC. pH responsive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor variants with implications for treating Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders. Protein Eng Des Sel 2015; 28:481-9. [PMID: 25877663 PMCID: PMC4596278 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has yielded encouraging results in treating Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Making G-CSF a viable AD therapeutic will, however, require increasing G-CSF's ability to stimulate neurons within the brain. This objective could be realized by increasing transcytosis of G-CSF across the blood brain barrier (BBB). An established correlation between G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) binding pH responsiveness and increased recycling of G-CSF to the cell exterior after endocytosis motivated development of G-CSF variants with highly pH responsive G-CSFR binding affinities. These variants will be used in future validation of our hypothesis that increased BBB transcytosis can enhance G-CSF therapeutic efficacy. Flow cytometric screening of a yeast-displayed library in which G-CSF/G-CSFR interface residues were mutated to histidine yielded a G-CSF triple His mutant (L109H/D110H/Q120H) with highly pH responsive binding affinity. This variant's KD, measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), increases ∼20-fold as pH decreases from 7.4 to below histidine's pKa of ∼6.0; an increase 2-fold greater than for previously reported G-CSF His mutants. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) enabled expression and purification of soluble, bioactive G-CSF triple His variant protein, an outcome inaccessible via Escherichia coli inclusion body refolding. This purification and bioactivity validation will enable future identification of correlations between pH responsiveness and transcytosis in BBB cell culture model and animal experiments. Furthermore, the library screening and CFPS methods employed here could be applied to developing other pH responsive hematopoietic or neurotrophic factors for treating CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Heinzelman
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Sarkeys Energy Center, 100 East Boyd Street, Room T-301, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schoborg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
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Davies J, Chen J, Pink R, Carter D, Saunders N, Sotiriadis G, Bai B, Pan Y, Howlett D, Payne A, Randeva H, Karteris E. Orexin receptors exert a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer's disease (AD) via heterodimerization with GPR103. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12584. [PMID: 26223541 PMCID: PMC4519789 DOI: 10.1038/srep12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexins are neuropeptides that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and feeding behaviour. QRFP is a newly discovered neuropeptide which exerts similar orexigenic activity, thus playing an important role in energy homeostasis and regulation of appetite. The exact expression and signalling characteristics and physiological actions of QRFP and its receptor GPR103 are poorly understood. Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients experience increased nocturnal activity, excessive daytime sleepiness, and weight loss. We hypothesised therefore that orexins and QRFP might be implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. We report that the down-regulation of hippocampal orexin receptors (OXRs) and GPR103 particularly in the cornu ammonis (CA) subfield from AD patients suffering from early onset familial AD (EOFAD) and late onset familial AD (LOAD). Using an in vitro model we demonstrate that this downregulation is due to to Aβ-plaque formation and tau hyper-phosphorylation. Transcriptomics revealed a neuroprotective role for both orexins and QRFP. Finally we provide conclusive evidence using BRET and FRET that OXRs and GPR103 form functional hetero-dimers to exert their effects involving activation of ERK1/2. Pharmacological intervention directed at the orexigenic system may prove to be an attractive avenue towards the discovery of novel therapeutics for diseases such as AD and improving neuroprotective signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Davies
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, P.R. China
| | - Ryan Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - David Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - Nigel Saunders
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB83PH, UK
| | - Georgios Sotiriadis
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Bo Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, P.R. China
| | - Yanyou Pan
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, P.R. China
| | - David Howlett
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, SE11UL, UK
| | - Annette Payne
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Harpal Randeva
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
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Merelli A, Czornyj L, Lazarowski A. Erythropoietin as a new therapeutic opportunity in brain inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2015; 125:793-7. [PMID: 25405533 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.989321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Highly expressed Erythropoietin Receptor (EPO-R) has been detected in several nonhematopoietic hypoxic cells, including cells from different brain areas in response to many different types of cell injury. In brain, hypoxia-ischemia (HI) can induce a wide spectrum of biologic responses, where inflammation and apoptosis are the main protagonists. Inflammation, as a primary brain insult, can induce a chronic hypoxic condition, producing the continuous cycle of inflammation-hypoxia that increases the apoptotic-cell number. It has also been demonstrated that administration of erythropoietin (EPO) prevented the neuronal death induced by HI, as well as the induction of lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus in a rodent model of Alzheimer's disease. Anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and/or cell-proliferative effects of EPO, have been observed in all type of cells expressing EPO-R, resulting in a potential tool for neuroprotection, neuroreparation, or neurogenesis of brain damaged areas. The nasal route is an alternative way of drugs administration that has been successfully exploited for bypassing the blood brain barrier, and subsequently delivering EPO and other molecules to central nervous system. Intranasal administration of EPO could be a new therapeutic opportunity in several brain damages that includes hypoxia, inflammation, neurodegenerative process, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Merelli
- a Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires
| | - L Czornyj
- b Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan",c Fundación INVESTIGAR , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - A Lazarowski
- a Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires.,c Fundación INVESTIGAR , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Khairallah MI, Kassem LA, Yassin NA, El Din MAG, Zekri M, Attia M. The hematopoietic growth factor "erythropoietin" enhances the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer's disease. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 17:9-21. [PMID: 24783773 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.9.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by cognitive dysfunction and by deposition of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The study investigated the therapeutic effect of combined mesenchymal stem cells and erythropoietin on Alzheimer's disease. Five groups of mice were used: control group, Alzheimer's disease was induced in four groups by a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.8 mg kg(-1) lipopolysaccharide and divided as follows: Alzheimer's disease group, mesenchymal stem cells treated group by injecting mesenchymal stem cells into the tail vein (2 x 10(6) cells), erythropoietin treated group (40 microg kg(-1) b.wt.) injected intraperitoneally 3 times/week for 5 weeks and mesenchymal stem cells and erythropoietin treated group. Locomotor activity and memory were tested using open field and Y-maze. Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical studies, morphometric measurements were examined in brain sections of all groups. Choline transferase activity, brain derived neurotrophic factor expression and mitochondrial swellings were assessed in cerebral specimens. Lipopolysaccharide decreased locomotor activity, memory, choline transferase activity and brain derived neurotrophic factor. It increased mitochondrial swelling, apoptotic index and amyloid deposition. Combined mesenchymal stem cells and erythropoietin markedly improved all these parameters. This study proved the effective role of mesenchymal stem cells in relieving Alzheimer's disease symptoms and manifestations; it highlighted the important role of erythropoietin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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