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Rivas-Santisteban R, Rico AJ, Muñoz A, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Labandeira-García JL, Lanciego JL, Franco R. Boolean analysis shows a high proportion of dopamine D 2 receptors interacting with adenosine A 2A receptors in striatal medium spiny neurons of mouse and non-human primate models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106341. [PMID: 37918757 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antagonistic effect of adenosine on dopaminergic transmission in the basal ganglia indirect motor control pathway is mediated by dopamine D2 (D2R) and adenosine A2A (A2AR) receptors co-expressed on medium spiny striatal neurons. The pathway is unbalanced in Parkinson's disease (PD) and an A2AR blocker has been approved for use with levodopa in the therapy of the disease. However, it is not known whether the therapy is acting on individually expressed receptors or in receptors forming A2A-D2 receptor heteromers, whose functionality is unique. For two proteins prone to interact, a very recently developed technique, MolBoolean, allows to determine the number of proteins that are either non-interacting or interacting. After checking the feasibility of the technique and reliability of data in transfected cells and in striatal primary neurons, the Boolean analysis of receptors in the striatum of rats and monkeys showed a high percentage of D2 receptors interacting with the adenosine receptor, while, on the contrary, a significant proportion of A2A receptors do not interact with dopamine receptors. The number of interacting receptors increased when rats and monkeys were lesioned to become a PD model. The use of a tracer of the indirect pathway in monkeys confirmed that the data was restricted to the population of striatal neurons projecting to the GPe. The results are not only relevant for being the first study quantifying individual versus interacting G protein-coupled receptors, but also for showing that the D2R in these specific neurons, in both control and PD animals, is under the control of the A2AR. The tight adenosine/dopamine receptor coupling suggest benefits of early antiparkinsonian treatment with adenosine receptor blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona. Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto José Rico
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA, IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Pérez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience of the University of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Labandeira-García
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luis Lanciego
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA, IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology laboratory, Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Toti KS, Campbell RG, Lee H, Salmaso V, Suresh RR, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Fluorescent A 2A and A 3 adenosine receptor antagonists as flow cytometry probes. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:565-578. [PMID: 35687212 PMCID: PMC10539269 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptor (AR) ligands are being developed for metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological, and inflammatory diseases and cancer. The ease of drug discovery is contingent on the availability of pharmacological tools. Fluorescent antagonist ligands for the human A2A and A3ARs were synthesized using two validated pharmacophores, 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine and triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-yl)amine, which were coupled to eight reporter fluorophores: AlexaFluor, JaneliaFluor (JF), cyanine, and near infrared (NIR) dyes. The conjugates were first screened using radioligand binding in HEK293 cells expressing one of the three AR subtypes. The highest affinities at A2AAR were Ki 144-316 nM for 10, 12, and 19, and at A3AR affinity of Ki 21.6 nM for 19. Specific binding of JF646 conjugate MRS7774 12 to the HEK293 cell surface A2AAR was imaged using confocal microscopy. Compound 19 MRS7535, a triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-yl)amine containing a Sulfo-Cy7 NIR dye, was suitable for A3AR characterization in whole cells by flow cytometry (Kd 11.8 nM), and its bitopic interaction mode with an A3AR homology model was predicted. Given its affinity and selectivity (11-fold vs. A2AAR, ~ 50-fold vs. A1AR and A2BAR) and a good specific-to-nonspecific binding ratio, 19 could be useful for live cell or potentially a diagnostic in vivo NIR imaging tool and/or therapy targeting the A3AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Toti
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
- Current Address: Chemistry Department, Emory University, 1093 Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ryan G Campbell
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Hobin Lee
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - R Rama Suresh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA.
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3
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Guidolin D, Tortorella C, Marcoli M, Cervetto C, Maura G, Agnati LF. Receptor-receptor interactions and microvesicle exchange as mechanisms modulating signaling between neurons and astrocytes. Neuropharmacology 2023; 231:109509. [PMID: 36935005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that astrocytes play a significant metabolic role in the nervous tissue, maintaining the homeostasis of the extracellular space and of the blood-brain barrier, and providing trophic support to neurons. In addition, however, evidence exists indicating astrocytes as important elements for brain activity through signaling exchange with neurons. Astrocytes, indeed, can sense synaptic activity and their molecular machinery responds to neurotransmitters released by neurons with cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations that, in turn, stimulate the release of neuroactive substances (gliotransmitters) influencing nearby neurons. In both cell types the recognition and transduction of this complex pattern of signals is mediated by specific receptors that are also involved in mechanisms tuning the intercellular cross-talk between astrocytes and neurons. Two of these mechanisms are the focus of the present discussion. The first concerns direct receptor-receptor interactions leading to the formation at the cell membrane of multimeric receptor complexes. The cooperativity that emerges in the actions of orthosteric and allosteric ligands of the monomers forming the assembly provides the cell decoding apparatus with sophisticated and flexible dynamics in terms of recognition and signal transduction pathways. A further mechanism of plasticity involving receptors is based on the transfer of elements of the cellular signaling apparatus via extracellular microvesicles acting as protective containers, which can lead to transient changes in the transmitting/decoding capabilities of the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
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4
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Prieto-Díaz R, González-Gómez M, Fojo-Carballo H, Azuaje J, El Maatougui A, Majellaro M, Loza MI, Brea J, Fernández-Dueñas V, Paleo MR, Díaz-Holguín A, Garcia-Pinel B, Mallo-Abreu A, Estévez JC, Andújar-Arias A, García-Mera X, Gomez-Tourino I, Ciruela F, Salas CO, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Sotelo E. Exploring the Effect of Halogenation in a Series of Potent and Selective A 2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2022; 66:890-912. [PMID: 36517209 PMCID: PMC9841532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of the A2B adenosine receptor is a promising strategy in cancer (immuno) therapy, with A2BAR antagonists emerging as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we report a systematic assessment of the impact of (di- and mono-)halogenation at positions 7 and/or 8 on both A2BAR affinity and pharmacokinetic properties of a collection of A2BAR antagonists and its study with structure-based free energy perturbation simulations. Monohalogenation at position 8 produced potent A2BAR ligands irrespective of the nature of the halogen. In contrast, halogenation at position 7 and dihalogenation produced a halogen-size-dependent decay in affinity. Eight novel A2BAR ligands exhibited remarkable affinity (Ki < 10 nM), exquisite subtype selectivity, and enantioselective recognition, with some eutomers eliciting sub-nanomolar affinity. The pharmacokinetic profile of representative derivatives showed enhanced solubility and microsomal stability. Finally, two compounds showed the capacity of reversing the antiproliferative effect of adenosine in activated primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Prieto-Díaz
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, 75124Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Manuel González-Gómez
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hugo Fojo-Carballo
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jhonny Azuaje
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Abdelaziz El Maatougui
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Majellaro
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María I. Loza
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - José Brea
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,. Tel: +34 881815459. Fax: +34-8818115474
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Pharmacology
Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08907L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Neuropharmacology
and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut
d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, Spain
| | - M. Rita Paleo
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Díaz-Holguín
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, 75124Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Pinel
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Mallo-Abreu
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan C. Estévez
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Andújar-Arias
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria Gomez-Tourino
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology
Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08907L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Neuropharmacology
and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut
d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cristian O. Salas
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago7820436, Chile
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, 75124Uppsala, Sweden,. Tel: +46 18
471 5056. Fax: +46 18 536971
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain,. Tel: +34 881815732. Fax: +34-881815704
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Fernández-Dueñas V, Bonaventura J, Aso E, Luján R, Ferré S, Ciruela F. Overcoming the Challenges of Detecting GPCR Oligomerization in the Brain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1035-1045. [PMID: 34736381 PMCID: PMC9886828 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211104145727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest group of membrane receptor proteins controlling brain activity. Accordingly, GPCRs are the main target of commercial drugs for most neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the mechanisms by which GPCRs regulate neuronal function is by homo- and heteromerization, with the establishment of direct protein-protein interactions between the same and different GPCRs. The occurrence of GPCR homo- and heteromers in artificial systems is generally well accepted, but more specific methods are necessary to address GPCR oligomerization in the brain. Here, we revise some of the techniques that have mostly contributed to reveal GPCR oligomers in native tissue, which include immunogold electron microscopy, proximity ligation assay (PLA), resonance energy transfer (RET) between fluorescent ligands and the Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay (ALPHA). Of note, we use the archetypical GPCR oligomer, the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) heteromer as an example to illustrate the implementation of these techniques, which can allow visualizing GPCR oligomers in the human brain under normal and pathological conditions. Indeed, GPCR oligomerization may be involved in the pathophysiology of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;,Neuropharmacology & Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;,Address correspondence to these authors at the Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; E-mails: ,
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;,Neuropharmacology & Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ester Aso
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;,Neuropharmacology & Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rafael Luján
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;,Neuropharmacology & Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;,Address correspondence to these authors at the Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; E-mails: ,
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6
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Salmaso V, Jain S, Jacobson KA. Purinergic GPCR transmembrane residues involved in ligand recognition and dimerization. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 166:133-159. [PMID: 34752329 PMCID: PMC8620127 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
We compare the GPCR-ligand interactions and highlight important residues for recognition in purinergic receptors-from both X-ray crystallographic and cryo-EM structures. These include A1 and A2A adenosine receptors, and P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors that respond to ADP and other nucleotides. These receptors are important drug discovery targets for immune, metabolic and nervous system disorders. In most cases, orthosteric ligands are represented, except for one allosteric P2Y1 antagonist. This review catalogs the residues and regions that engage in contacts with ligands or with other GPCR protomers in dimeric forms. Residues that are in proximity to bound ligands within purinergic GPCR families are correlated. There is extensive conservation of recognition motifs between adenosine receptors, but the P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors are each structurally distinct in their ligand recognition. Identifying common interaction features for ligand recognition within a receptor class that has multiple structures available can aid in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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7
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Yang X, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, van der Es D. Molecular probes for the human adenosine receptors. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:85-108. [PMID: 33313997 PMCID: PMC7954947 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by the endogenous ligand adenosine, have been considered potential therapeutic targets in several disorders. To date however, only very few adenosine receptor modulators have made it to the market. Increased understanding of these receptors is required to improve the success rate of adenosine receptor drug discovery. To improve our understanding of receptor structure and function, over the past decades, a diverse array of molecular probes has been developed and applied. These probes, including radioactive or fluorescent moieties, have proven invaluable in GPCR research in general. Specifically for adenosine receptors, the development and application of covalent or reversible probes, whether radiolabeled or fluorescent, have been instrumental in the discovery of new chemical entities, the characterization and interrogation of adenosine receptor subtypes, and the study of adenosine receptor behavior in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This review summarizes these applications, and also serves as an invitation to walk another mile to further improve probe characteristics and develop additional tags that allow the investigation of adenosine receptors and other GPCRs in even finer detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van der Es
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Prasad K, de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Allosteric Interactions between Adenosine A 2A and Dopamine D 2 Receptors in Heteromeric Complexes: Biochemical and Pharmacological Characteristics, and Opportunities for PET Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041719. [PMID: 33572077 PMCID: PMC7915359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and dopamine interact antagonistically in living mammals. These interactions are mediated via adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors (R). Stimulation of A2AR inhibits and blockade of A2AR enhances D2R-mediated locomotor activation and goal-directed behavior in rodents. In striatal membrane preparations, adenosine decreases both the affinity and the signal transduction of D2R via its interaction with A2AR. Reciprocal A2AR/D2R interactions occur mainly in striatopallidal GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the indirect pathway that are involved in motor control, and in striatal astrocytes. In the nucleus accumbens, they also take place in MSNs involved in reward-related behavior. A2AR and D2R co-aggregate, co-internalize, and co-desensitize. They are at very close distance in biomembranes and form heteromers. Antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine are (at least partially) caused by allosteric receptor–receptor interactions within A2AR/D2R heteromeric complexes. Such interactions may be exploited in novel strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and perhaps also attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Little is known about shifting A2AR/D2R heteromer/homodimer equilibria in the brain. Positron emission tomography with suitable ligands may provide in vivo information about receptor crosstalk in the living organism. Some experimental approaches, and strategies for the design of novel imaging agents (e.g., heterobivalent ligands) are proposed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
| | - Erik F. J. de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, C.Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
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9
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Evolutionary conservation and functional impact of dopamine D2 receptor. Neurosci Lett 2020; 733:135081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Fernández-Dueñas V, Qian M, Argerich J, Amaral C, Risseeuw MD, Van Calenbergh S, Ciruela F. Design, Synthesis and Characterization of a New Series of Fluorescent Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 Negative Allosteric Modulators. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071532. [PMID: 32230915 PMCID: PMC7180738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, new drug discovery approaches based on novel pharmacological concepts have emerged. Allosteric modulators, for example, target receptors at sites other than the orthosteric binding sites and can modulate agonist-mediated activation. Interestingly, allosteric regulation may allow a fine-tuned regulation of unbalanced neurotransmitter’ systems, thus providing safe and effective treatments for a number of central nervous system diseases. The metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptor (mGlu5R) has been shown to possess a druggable allosteric binding domain. Accordingly, novel allosteric ligands are being explored in order to finely regulate glutamate neurotransmission, especially in the brain. However, before testing the activity of these new ligands in the clinic or even in animal disease models, it is common to characterize their ability to bind mGlu5Rs in vitro. Here, we have developed a new series of fluorescent ligands that, when used in a new NanoBRET-based binding assay, will facilitate screening for novel mGlu5R allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (J.A.); (C.A.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.F.-D.); (S.V.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Mingcheng Qian
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.Q.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Josep Argerich
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (J.A.); (C.A.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Amaral
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (J.A.); (C.A.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martijn D.P. Risseeuw
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.Q.)
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.Q.)
- Correspondence: (V.F.-D.); (S.V.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (J.A.); (C.A.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.F.-D.); (S.V.C.); (F.C.)
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11
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Lanznaster D, Massari CM, Marková V, Šimková T, Duroux R, Jacobson KA, Fernández-Dueñas V, Tasca CI, Ciruela F. Adenosine A 1-A 2A Receptor-Receptor Interaction: Contribution to Guanosine-Mediated Effects. Cells 2019; 8:E1630. [PMID: 31847113 PMCID: PMC6953045 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanosine, a guanine-based purine nucleoside, has been described as a neuromodulator that exerts neuroprotective effects in animal and cellular ischemia models. However, guanosine's exact mechanism of action and molecular targets have not yet been identified. Here, we aimed to elucidate a role of adenosine receptors (ARs) in mediating guanosine effects. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of guanosine in hippocampal slices from A2AR-deficient mice (A2AR-/-) subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). Next, we assessed guanosine binding at ARs taking advantage of a fluorescent-selective A2AR antagonist (MRS7396) which could engage in a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) process with NanoLuc-tagged A2AR. Next, we evaluated functional AR activation by determining cAMP and calcium accumulation. Finally, we assessed the impact of A1R and A2AR co-expression in guanosine-mediated impedance responses in living cells. Guanosine prevented the reduction of cellular viability and increased reactive oxygen species generation induced by OGD in hippocampal slices from wild-type, but not from A2AR-/- mice. Notably, while guanosine was not able to modify MRS7396 binding to A2AR-expressing cells, a partial blockade was observed in cells co-expressing A1R and A2AR. The relevance of the A1R and A2AR interaction in guanosine effects was further substantiated by means of functional assays (i.e., cAMP and calcium determinations), since guanosine only blocked A2AR agonist-mediated effects in doubly expressing A1R and A2AR cells. Interestingly, while guanosine did not affect A1R/A2AR heteromer formation, it reduced A2AR agonist-mediated cell impedance responses. Our results indicate that guanosine-induced effects may require both A1R and A2AR co-expression, thus identifying a molecular substrate that may allow fine tuning of guanosine-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Lanznaster
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Caio M. Massari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Vendula Marková
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (V.M.); (T.Š.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tereza Šimková
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (V.M.); (T.Š.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romain Duroux
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.D.); (K.A.J.)
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.D.); (K.A.J.)
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (V.M.); (T.Š.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla I. Tasca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (V.M.); (T.Š.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Guidolin D, Marcoli M, Tortorella C, Maura G, Agnati LF. Adenosine A 2A-dopamine D 2 receptor-receptor interaction in neurons and astrocytes: Evidence and perspectives. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 169:247-277. [PMID: 31952688 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of receptor-receptor interactions in the early 1980s, together with a more accurate focusing of allosteric mechanisms in proteins, expanded the knowledge on the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signaling processes. GPCRs were seen to operate not only as monomers, but also as quaternary structures shaped by allosteric interactions. These integrative mechanisms can change the function of the GPCRs involved, leading to a sophisticated dynamic of the receptor assembly in terms of modulation of recognition and signaling. In this context, the heterodimeric complex formed by the adenosine A2A and the dopamine D2 receptors likely represents a prototypical example. The pharmacological evidence obtained, together with the tissue distribution of the A2A-D2 heteromeric complexes, suggested they could represent a target for new therapeutic strategies addressing significant disorders of the central nervous system. The research findings and the perspectives they offer from the therapeutic standpoint are the focus of the here presented discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Chemical Probes for the Adenosine Receptors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040168. [PMID: 31726680 PMCID: PMC6958474 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the adenosine receptors has been supported by the continuous discovery of new chemical probes characterized by more and more affinity and selectivity for the single adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors). Furthermore, the development of new techniques for the detection of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) requires new specific probes. In fact, if in the past radioligands were the most important GPCR probes for detection, compound screening and diagnostic purposes, nowadays, increasing importance is given to fluorescent and covalent ligands. In fact, advances in techniques such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescent polarization, as well as new applications in flow cytometry and different fluorescence-based microscopic techniques, are at the origin of the extensive research of new fluorescent ligands for these receptors. The resurgence of covalent ligands is due in part to a change in the common thinking in the medicinal chemistry community that a covalent drug is necessarily more toxic than a reversible one, and in part to the useful application of covalent ligands in GPCR structural biology. In this review, an updated collection of available chemical probes targeting adenosine receptors is reported.
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14
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Ferré S, Ciruela F. Functional and Neuroprotective Role of Striatal Adenosine A 2A Receptor Heterotetramers. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019; 9:89-97. [PMID: 31559390 PMCID: PMC6761580 DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the striatum, adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are mainly expressed within the soma and dendrites of the striatopallidal neuron. A predominant proportion of these striatal postsynaptic A2AR form part of the macromolecular complexes that include A2AR-dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) heteromers, Golf and Gi/o proteins, and the effector adenylyl cyclase (AC), subtype AC5. The A2AR-D2R heteromers have a tetrameric structure, constituted by A2AR and D2R homomers. By means of reciprocal antagonistic allosteric interactions and antagonistic interactions at the effector level between adenosine and dopamine, the A2AR-D2R heterotetramer-AC5 complex acts an integrative molecular device, which determines a switch between the adenosine-facilitated activation and the dopamine-facilitated inhibition of the striatopallidal neuron. Striatal adenosine also plays an important presynaptic modulatory role, driving the function of corticostriatal terminals. This control is mediated by adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) and A2AR, which establish intermolecular interactions forming A1R-A2AR heterotetramers. Here, we review the functional role of both presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal A2AR heterotetramers as well as their possible neuroprotective role. We hypothesize that alterations in the homomer/heteromer stoichiometry (i.e., increase or decrease in the proportion of A2AR forming homomers or heteromers) are pathogenetically involved in neurological disorders, specifically in Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Morató X, Luján R, Gonçalves N, Watanabe M, Altafaj X, Carvalho AL, Fernández-Dueñas V, Cunha RA, Ciruela F. Metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptor requires contactin-associated protein 1 to control memory formation. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3528-3541. [PMID: 30010864 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a key brain region for memory formation. Metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptors (mGlu5R) are strongly expressed in CA1 pyramidal neurons and fine-tune synaptic plasticity. Accordingly, mGlu5R pharmacological manipulation may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to manage hippocampal-related neurological disorders. Here, by means of a membrane yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified contactin-associated protein 1 (Caspr1), a type I transmembrane protein member of the neurexin family, as a new mGlu5R partner. We report that mGlu5R and Caspr1 co-distribute and co-assemble both in heterologous expression systems and in rat brain. Furthermore, downregulation of Caspr1 in rat hippocampal primary cultures decreased mGlu5R-mediated signaling. Finally, silencing Caspr1 expression in the hippocampus impaired the impact of mGlu5R on spatial memory. Our results indicate that Caspr1 plays a pivotal role controlling mGlu5R function in hippocampus-dependent memory formation. Hence, this new protein-protein interaction may represent novel target for neurological disorders affecting hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Luján
- IDINE, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xavier Altafaj
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Zanatta AP, Gonçalves R, Zanatta L, de Oliveria GT, Ludwig Moraes AL, Zamoner A, Fernández-Dueñas V, Lanznaster D, Ciruela F, Tasca CI, Delalande C, Menegaz D, Mena Barreto Silva FR. New ionic targets of 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine at the plasma membrane of rat Sertoli cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:748-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Rodriguez D, Romero-Fernandez W, Kapla J, Jaiteh M, Ranganathan A, Lazarova T, Fuxe K, Carlsson J. Mapping the Interface of a GPCR Dimer: A Structural Model of the A 2A Adenosine and D 2 Dopamine Receptor Heteromer. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:829. [PMID: 30214407 PMCID: PMC6125358 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The A2A adenosine (A2AR) and D2 dopamine (D2R) receptors form oligomers in the cell membrane and allosteric interactions across the A2AR–D2R heteromer represent a target for development of drugs against central nervous system disorders. However, understanding of the molecular determinants of A2AR–D2R heteromerization and the allosteric antagonistic interactions between the receptor protomers is still limited. In this work, a structural model of the A2AR–D2R heterodimer was generated using a combined experimental and computational approach. Regions involved in the heteromer interface were modeled based on the effects of peptides derived from the transmembrane (TM) helices on A2AR–D2R receptor–receptor interactions in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and proximity ligation assays. Peptides corresponding to TM-IV and TM-V of the A2AR blocked heterodimer interactions and disrupted the allosteric effect of A2AR activation on D2R agonist binding. Protein–protein docking was used to construct a model of the A2AR–D2R heterodimer with a TM-IV/V interface, which was refined using molecular dynamics simulations. Mutations in the predicted interface reduced A2AR–D2R interactions in BRET experiments and altered the allosteric modulation. The heterodimer model provided insights into the structural basis of allosteric modulation and the technique developed to characterize the A2AR–D2R interface can be extended to study the many other G protein-coupled receptors that engage in heteroreceptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Rodriguez
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wilber Romero-Fernandez
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Kapla
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariama Jaiteh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anirudh Ranganathan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tzvetana Lazarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Köse M, Gollos S, Karcz T, Fiene A, Heisig F, Behrenswerth A, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Namasivayam V, Müller CE. Fluorescent-Labeled Selective Adenosine A 2B Receptor Antagonist Enables Competition Binding Assay by Flow Cytometry. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4301-4316. [PMID: 29681156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent ligands represent powerful tools for biological studies and are considered attractive alternatives to radioligands. In this study, we developed fluorescent antagonists for A2B adenosine receptors (A2BARs), which are targeted by antiasthmatic xanthines and were proposed as novel targets in immuno-oncology. Our approach was to merge a small borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative with the pharmacophore of 8-substituted xanthine derivatives. On the basis of the design, synthesis, and evaluation of model compounds, several fluorescent ligands were synthesized. Compound 29 (PSB-12105), which displayed high affinity for human, rat, and mouse A2BARs ( Ki = 0.2-2 nM) and high selectivity for this AR subtype, was selected for further studies. A homology model of the human A2BAR was generated, and docking studies were performed. Moreover, 29 allowed us to establish a homogeneous receptor-ligand binding assay using flow cytometry. These compounds constitute the first potent, selective fluorescent A2BAR ligands and are anticipated to be useful for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Köse
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Sabrina Gollos
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Kraków , Poland
| | - Amelie Fiene
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Fabian Heisig
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Andrea Behrenswerth
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Kraków , Poland
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
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19
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Lai CY, Liu YJ, Lai HL, Chen HM, Kuo HC, Liao YP, Chern Y. The D2 Dopamine Receptor Interferes With the Protective Effect of the A 2A Adenosine Receptor on TDP-43 Mislocalization in Experimental Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:187. [PMID: 29615863 PMCID: PMC5869924 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) and D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) are two G-protein-coupled receptors that can form dimers and negatively regulate their partners. TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) is a nuclear protein that has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mislocalization of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is an early step of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Our previous studies indicated that A2AR is a potential drug target for ALS because treatment with an A2AR agonist (JMF1907; a T1-11 analog) prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced TDP-43 mislocalization in a motor neuron cell line (NSC34) and delays motor impairment in a TDP-43 transgenic ALS mouse model. Here, we set out to assess whether activation of D2R interferes with the beneficial effects of an A2AR agonist on motor neurons. We first demonstrated that A2AR and D2R are both located in motor neurons of mouse and human spinal cords and human iPSC-derived motor neurons. Expression of A2AR and D2R in NSC34 cells led to dimer formation without affecting the binding affinity of A2AR toward T1-11. Importantly, activation of D2R reduced T1-11-mediated activation of cAMP/PKA signaling and subsequent inhibition of TDP-43 mislocalization in NSC34 cells. Treatment with quinpirole (a D2 agonist) blunted the rescuing effect of T1-11 on TDP-43 mislocalization and impaired grip strength in a mouse model of ALS. Our findings suggest that D2R activation may limit the beneficial responses of an A2AR agonist in motor neurons and may have an important role in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-You Lai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Lin Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Feltmann K, Borroto‐Escuela DO, Rüegg J, Pinton L, de Oliveira Sergio T, Narváez M, Jimenez‐Beristain A, Ekström TJ, Fuxe K, Steensland P. Effects of Long-Term Alcohol Drinking on the Dopamine D2 Receptor: Gene Expression and Heteroreceptor Complexes in the Striatum in Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:338-351. [PMID: 29205397 PMCID: PMC5817245 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) ligand binding has repeatedly been demonstrated in the striatum of humans with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The attenuated D2R binding has been suggested to reflect a reduced D2R density, which in turn has been proposed to drive craving and relapse. However, results from rodent studies addressing the effects of alcohol drinking on D2R density have been inconsistent. METHODS A validated alcohol drinking model (intermittent access to 20% alcohol) in Wistar rats was used to study the effects of voluntary alcohol drinking (at least 12 weeks) on the D2R in the striatum compared to age-matched alcohol-naïve control rats. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR was used to quantify isoform-specific Drd2 gene expression levels. Using bisulfite pyrosequencing, DNA methylation levels of a regulatory region of the Drd2 gene were determined. In situ proximity ligation assay was used to measure densities of D2R receptor complexes: D2R-D2R, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-D2R, and sigma1 receptor (sigma1R)-D2R. RESULTS Long-term voluntary alcohol drinking significantly reduced mRNA levels of the long D2R isoform in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) but did not alter CpG methylation levels in the analyzed sequence of the Drd2 gene. Alcohol drinking also reduced the striatal density of D2R-D2R homoreceptor complexes, increased the density of A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes in the NAc shell and the dorsal striatum, and decreased the density of sigma1R-D2R heteroreceptor complexes in the dorsal striatum. CONCLUSIONS The present results on long-term alcohol drinking might reflect reduced D2R levels through reductions in D2R-D2R homoreceptor complexes and gene expression. Furthermore, based on antagonistic interactions between A2AR and D2R, an increased density of A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes might indicate a reduced affinity and signaling of the D2R population within the complex. Hence, both reduced striatal D2R levels and reduced D2R protomer affinity within the striatal A2AR-D2R complex might underlie reduced D2R radioligand binding in humans with AUD. This supports the hypothesis of a hypodopaminergic system in AUD and suggests the A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complex as a potential novel treatment target.
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MESH Headings
- Alcohol Drinking
- Animals
- Central Nervous System Depressants/pharmacology
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Ethanol/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Male
- Multiprotein Complexes/drug effects
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, sigma/drug effects
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- Sigma-1 Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Feltmann
- Center for Psychiatry ResearchDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet& Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | | | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Center for Molecular MedicineDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- SwetoxUnit of Toxicology SciencesKarolinska InstitutetSödertäljeSweden
| | - Luca Pinton
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Thatiane de Oliveira Sergio
- Center for Psychiatry ResearchDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet& Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Facultad de MedicinaInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de MálagaUniversity of MálagaMalagaSpain
| | | | - Tomas J. Ekström
- Center for Molecular MedicineDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Pia Steensland
- Center for Psychiatry ResearchDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet& Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
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21
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Narvaez M, Valladolid-Acebes I, Shumilov K, Di Palma M, Wydra K, Schaefer T, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Mudó G, Filip M, Sartini S, Friedland K, Schellekens H, Beggiato S, Ferraro L, Tanganelli S, Franco R, Belluardo N, Ambrogini P, Pérez de la Mora M, Fuxe K. Detection, Analysis, and Quantification of GPCR Homo- and Heteroreceptor Complexes in Specific Neuronal Cell Populations Using the In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay. RECEPTOR-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8576-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Wouters E, Vasudevan L, Ciruela F, Saini DK, Stove C, Van Craenenbroeck K. Assessing GPCR Dimerization in Living Cells: Comparison of the NanoBiT Assay with Related Bioluminescence- and Fluorescence-Based Approaches. RECEPTOR-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8576-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Synthesis and Characterization of a New Bivalent Ligand Combining Caffeine and Docosahexaenoic Acid. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030366. [PMID: 28264466 PMCID: PMC6155394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is a promising drug for the management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), demonstrating neuroprotective properties that have been attributed to its interaction with the basal ganglia adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). However, the doses needed to exert these neuroprotective effects may be too high. Thus, it is important to design novel approaches that selectively deliver this natural compound to the desired target. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the major omega-3 fatty acid in the brain and can act as a specific carrier of caffeine. Furthermore, DHA displays properties that may lead to its use as a neuroprotective agent. In the present study, we constructed a novel bivalent ligand covalently linking caffeine and DHA and assessed its pharmacological activity and safety profile in a simple cellular model. Interestingly, the new bivalent ligand presented higher potency as an A2AR inverse agonist than caffeine alone. We also determined the range of concentrations inducing toxicity both in a heterologous system and in primary striatal cultures. The novel strategy presented here of attaching DHA to caffeine may enable increased effects of the drug at desired sites, which could be of interest for the treatment of PD.
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24
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K. Diversity and bias through dopamine D2R heteroreceptor complexes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 32:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Stoddart LA, White CW, Nguyen K, Hill SJ, Pfleger KDG. Fluorescence- and bioluminescence-based approaches to study GPCR ligand binding. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3028-37. [PMID: 26317175 PMCID: PMC5125978 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding is a vital component of any pharmacologist's toolbox and allows the detailed investigation of how a molecule binds to its receptor. These studies enable the experimental determination of binding affinity of labelled and unlabelled compounds through kinetic, saturation (Kd ) and competition (Ki ) binding assays. Traditionally, these studies have used molecules labelled with radioisotopes; however, more recently, fluorescent ligands have been developed for this purpose. This review will briefly cover receptor ligand binding theory and then discuss the use of fluorescent ligands with some of the different technologies currently employed to examine ligand binding. Fluorescent ligands can be used for direct measurement of receptor-associated fluorescence using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry as well as in assays such as fluorescence polarization, where ligand binding is monitored by changes in the free rotation when a fluorescent ligand is bound to a receptor. Additionally, fluorescent ligands can act as donors or acceptors for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with the development of assays based on FRET and time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET). Finally, we have recently developed a novel bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) ligand binding assay utilizing a small (19 kDa), super-bright luciferase subunit (NanoLuc) from a deep sea shrimp. In combination with fluorescent ligands, measurement of RET now provides an array of methodologies to study ligand binding. While each method has its own advantages and drawbacks, binding studies using fluorescent ligands are now a viable alternative to the use of radioligands. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Stoddart
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carl W White
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kim Nguyen
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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26
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Kato F, Ishida Y, Oishi S, Fujii N, Watanabe S, Vasudevan SG, Tajima S, Takasaki T, Suzuki Y, Ichiyama K, Yamamoto N, Yoshii K, Takashima I, Kobayashi T, Miura T, Igarashi T, Hishiki T. Novel antiviral activity of bromocriptine against dengue virus replication. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:141-7. [PMID: 27181378 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infectious disease is a major public health problem worldwide; however, licensed vaccines or specific antiviral drugs against this infection are not available. To identify novel anti-DENV compounds, we screened 1280 pharmacologically active compounds using focus reduction assay. Bromocriptine (BRC) was found to have potent anti-DENV activity and low cytotoxicity (half maximal effective concentration [EC50], 0.8-1.6 μM; and half maximal cytotoxicity concentration [CC50], 53.6 μM). Time-of-drug-addition and time-of-drug-elimination assays suggested that BRC inhibits translation and/or replication steps in the DENV life cycle. A subgenomic replicon system was used to verify that BRC restricts RNA replication step. Furthermore, a single amino acid substitution (N374H) was detected in the NS3 protein that conferred resistance to BRC. In summary, BRC was found to be a novel DENV inhibitor and a potential candidate for the treatment of DENV infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kato
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishida
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Koji Ichiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- Laboratry of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ikuo Takashima
- Laboratry of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Igarashi
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hishiki
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Viral Infectious Diseases Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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27
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain a major domain of pharmaceutical discovery. The identification of GPCR lead compounds and their optimization are now structure-based, thanks to advances in X-ray crystallography, molecular modeling, protein engineering and biophysical techniques. In silico screening provides useful hit molecules. New pharmacological approaches to tuning the pleotropic action of GPCRs include: allosteric modulators, biased ligands, GPCR heterodimer-targeted compounds, manipulation of polypharmacology, receptor antibodies and tailoring of drug molecules to fit GPCR pharmacogenomics. Measurements of kinetics and drug efficacy are factors influencing clinical success. With the exception of inhibitors of GPCR kinases, targeting of intracellular GPCR signaling or receptor cycling for therapeutic purposes remains a futuristic concept. New assay approaches are more efficient and multidimensional: cell-based, label-free, fluorescence-based assays, and biosensors. Tailoring GPCR drugs to a patient's genetic background is now being considered. Chemoinformatic tools can predict ADME-tox properties. New imaging technology visualizes drug action in vivo. Thus, there is reason to be optimistic that new technology for GPCR ligand discovery will help reverse the current narrowing of the pharmaceutical pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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28
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Hoffmann C, Castro M, Rinken A, Leurs R, Hill SJ, Vischer HF. Ligand Residence Time at G-protein–Coupled Receptors—Why We Should Take Our Time To Study It. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:552-60. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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29
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Stoddart LA, Johnstone EKM, Wheal AJ, Goulding J, Robers MB, Machleidt T, Wood KV, Hill SJ, Pfleger KDG. Application of BRET to monitor ligand binding to GPCRs. Nat Methods 2015; 12:661-663. [PMID: 26030448 PMCID: PMC4488387 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a well-established method for investigating protein-protein interactions. Here we present a novel BRET approach to monitor ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of living cells made possible by the use of fluorescent ligands in combination with a novel bioluminescent protein (NanoLuc) that can be readily expressed on the N-terminus of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Stoddart
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth K M Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheal
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Keith V Wood
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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30
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Ciruela F, Fernández-Dueñas V, Jacobson KA. Lighting up G protein-coupled purinergic receptors with engineered fluorescent ligands. Neuropharmacology 2015; 98:58-67. [PMID: 25890205 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of G protein-coupled receptors fluorescent ligands is undergoing continuous expansion. In line with this, fluorescent agonists and antagonists of high affinity for G protein-coupled adenosine and P2Y receptors have been shown to be useful pharmacological probe compounds. Fluorescent ligands for A1R, A2AR, and A3R (adenosine receptors) and P2Y2R, P2Y4R, P2Y6R, and P2Y14R (nucleotide receptors) have been reported. Such ligands have been successfully applied to drug discovery and to GPCR characterization by flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence polarization, fluorescence resonance energy transfer and scanning confocal microscopy. Here we summarize recently reported and readily available representative fluorescent ligands of purinergic receptors. In addition, we pay special attention on the use of this family of fluorescent ligands revealing two main aspects of purinergic receptor biology, namely ligand binding and receptor oligomerization. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Fluorescent Tools in Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghent, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892 Bethesda, USA.
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31
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Ciruela F, Fernández-Dueñas V. GPCR oligomerization analysis by means of BRET and dFRAP. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1272:133-41. [PMID: 25563182 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2336-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal characterization of protein-protein interactions is essential to understand nearly all cellular events. Several methodological strategies derived from noninvasive luminescence- and fluorescence-based approaches allow the detection of specific protein-protein interactions in living cells. Here, we describe the application of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and donor fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (dFRAP) approaches to the study of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomerization. These technologies alone - or in combination with complementary methods - can become extremely powerful approaches for visualizing these cellular protein-protein interactions, even between more than two proteins. Overall, these methods might become extremely important tools in GPCR drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
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32
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Fernández-Dueñas V, Gómez-Soler M, López-Cano M, Taura JJ, Ledent C, Watanabe M, Jacobson KA, Vilardaga JP, Ciruela F. Uncovering caffeine's adenosine A2A receptor inverse agonism in experimental parkinsonism. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2496-501. [PMID: 25268872 PMCID: PMC4245165 DOI: 10.1021/cb5005383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Caffeine,
the most consumed psychoactive substance worldwide, may
have beneficial effects on Parkinson’s disease (PD) therapy.
The mechanism by which caffeine contributes to its antiparkinsonian
effects by acting as either an adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) neutral antagonist or an inverse agonist is unresolved.
Here we show that caffeine is an A2AR inverse agonist in
cell-based functional studies and in experimental parkinsonism. Thus,
we observed that caffeine triggers a distinct mode, opposite to A2AR agonist, of the receptor’s activation switch leading
to suppression of its spontaneous activity. These inverse agonist-related
effects were also determined in the striatum of a mouse model of PD,
correlating well with increased caffeine-mediated motor effects. Overall,
caffeine A2AR inverse agonism may be behind some of the
well-known physiological effects of this substance both in health
and disease. This information might have a critical mechanistic impact
for PD pharmacotherapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat
de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental,
Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maricel Gómez-Soler
- Unitat
de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental,
Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc López-Cano
- Unitat
de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental,
Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume J. Taura
- Unitat
de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental,
Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department
of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jean-Pierre Vilardaga
- Laboratory
for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology
and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat
de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental,
Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Fernández-Dueñas V, Taura JJ, Cottet M, Gómez-Soler M, López-Cano M, Ledent C, Watanabe M, Trinquet E, Pin JP, Luján R, Durroux T, Ciruela F. Untangling dopamine-adenosine receptor-receptor assembly in experimental parkinsonism in rats. Dis Model Mech 2014; 8:57-63. [PMID: 25398851 PMCID: PMC4283650 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a dopaminergic-related pathology in which functioning of the basal ganglia is altered. It has been postulated that a direct receptor-receptor interaction – i.e. of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) with adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) (forming D2R-A2AR oligomers) – finely regulates this brain area. Accordingly, elucidating whether the pathology prompts changes to these complexes could provide valuable information for the design of new PD therapies. Here, we first resolved a long-standing question concerning whether D2R-A2AR assembly occurs in native tissue: by means of different complementary experimental approaches (i.e. immunoelectron microscopy, proximity ligation assay and TR-FRET), we unambiguously identified native D2R-A2AR oligomers in rat striatum. Subsequently, we determined that, under pathological conditions (i.e. in a rat PD model), D2R-A2AR interaction was impaired. Collectively, these results provide definitive evidence for alteration of native D2R-A2AR oligomers in experimental parkinsonism, thus conferring the rationale for appropriate oligomer-based PD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume J Taura
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Cottet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR5203, Montpellier, France. INSERM, U.661, Montpellier and Université Montpellier 1,2, Montpellier, F-34094, France
| | - Maricel Gómez-Soler
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc López-Cano
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR5203, Montpellier, France. INSERM, U.661, Montpellier and Université Montpellier 1,2, Montpellier, F-34094, France
| | - Rafael Luján
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Dept Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Thierry Durroux
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR5203, Montpellier, France. INSERM, U.661, Montpellier and Université Montpellier 1,2, Montpellier, F-34094, France.
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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34
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Ciruela F, Jacobson KA, Fernández-Dueñas V. Portraying G protein-coupled receptors with fluorescent ligands. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1918-28. [PMID: 25010291 PMCID: PMC4168789 DOI: 10.1021/cb5004042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
thermodynamics of ligand–receptor interactions at the
surface of living cells represents a fundamental aspect of G protein-coupled
receptor (GPCR) biology; thus, its detailed elucidation constitutes
a challenge for modern pharmacology. Interestingly, fluorescent ligands
have been developed for a variety of GPCRs in order to monitor ligand–receptor
binding in living cells. Accordingly, new methodological strategies
derived from noninvasive fluorescence-based approaches, especially
fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), have been successfully
developed to characterize ligand–receptor interactions. Importantly,
these technologies are supplanting more hazardous and expensive radioactive
binding assays. In addition, FRET-based tools have also become extremely
powerful approaches for visualizing receptor–receptor interactions
(i.e., GPCR oligomerization) in living cells. Thus, by means of the
synthesis of compatible fluorescent ligands these novel techniques
can be implemented to demonstrate the existence of GPCR oligomerization
not only in heterologous systems but also in native tissues. Finally,
there is no doubt that these methodologies would also be relevant
in drug discovery in order to develop new high-throughput screening
approaches or to identify new therapeutic targets. Overall, herein,
we provide a thorough assessment of all technical and biological aspects,
including strengths and weaknesses, of these fluorescence-based methodologies
when applied to the study of GPCR biology at the plasma membrane of
living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat
de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental,
Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat
de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental,
Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Jacobson K, Ciruela F. Synthesis of the Adenosine A2A Receptor Fluorescent Agonist MRS5424. Bio Protoc 2014. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO, Tarakanov AO, Romero-Fernandez W, Ferraro L, Tanganelli S, Perez-Alea M, Di Palma M, Agnati LF. Dopamine D2 heteroreceptor complexes and their receptor-receptor interactions in ventral striatum: novel targets for antipsychotic drugs. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 211:113-39. [PMID: 24968778 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63425-2.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on the D2 heteroreceptor complexes within the ventral striatum with their receptor-receptor interactions and relevance for the treatment of schizophrenia. A "guide-and-clasp" manner for receptor-receptor interactions is proposed where "adhesive guides" may be amino acid triplet homologies, which were determined for different kinds of D2 heteroreceptor complexes. The first putative D2 heteroreceptor complex to be discovered in relation to schizophrenia was the A2A-D2 heteroreceptor complex where antagonistic A2A-D2 receptor-receptor interactions were demonstrated after A2A agonist treatment in the ventral striatum. The A2A agonist CGS 21680 with atypical antipsychotic properties may at least in part act by increasing β-arrestin2 signaling over the D2 protomer in the A2A-D2 heteroreceptor complex in the ventral striatum. The antagonistic NTS1-D2 interactions in the NTS1-D2 heteroreceptor complex in the ventral striatum are proposed as one molecular mechanism for the potential antipsychotic effects of NT. Indications were obtained that the psychotic actions of the 5-HT2AR hallucinogens LSD and DOI can involve enhancement of D2R protomer signaling via a biased agonist action at the 5-HT2A protomer in the D2-5-HT2A heteroreceptor complex in the ventral striatum. Facilitatory allosteric D2likeR-OTR interactions in heteroreceptor complexes in nucleus accumbens may have a role in social and emotional behaviors. By blocking the D2 protomers of these heteroreceptor complexes, antipsychotics can fail to reduce the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The discovery of different types of D2 heteroreceptor complexes gives an increased understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in causing schizophrenia and new strategies for its treatment and understanding the side effects of antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Alexander O Tarakanov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automatation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Tanganelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mileidys Perez-Alea
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Physiology, Campus Scientifico 'Enrico Mattei', Urbino, Italy
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37
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Fernández-Dueñas V, Jacobson K, Ciruela F. Adenosine A2A Receptor Ligand Binding Experiments by Using Real-time Single-cell FRET. Bio Protoc 2014. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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38
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Fuxe K, Tarakanov A, Romero Fernandez W, Ferraro L, Tanganelli S, Filip M, Agnati LF, Garriga P, Diaz-Cabiale Z, Borroto-Escuela DO. Diversity and Bias through Receptor-Receptor Interactions in GPCR Heteroreceptor Complexes. Focus on Examples from Dopamine D2 Receptor Heteromerization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:71. [PMID: 24860548 PMCID: PMC4026686 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in GPCR heteromers appeared to introduce an intermolecular allosteric mechanism contributing to the diversity and bias in the protomers. Examples of dopamine D2R heteromerization are given to show how such allosteric mechanisms significantly change the receptor protomer repertoire leading to diversity and biased recognition and signaling. In 1980s and 1990s, it was shown that neurotensin (NT) through selective antagonistic NTR-D2 like receptor interactions increased the diversity of DA signaling by reducing D2R-mediated dopamine signaling over D1R-mediated dopamine signaling. Furthermore, D2R protomer appeared to bias the specificity of the NTR orthosteric binding site toward neuromedin N vs. NT in the heteroreceptor complex. Complex CCK2R-D1R-D2R interactions in possible heteroreceptor complexes were also demonstrated further increasing receptor diversity. In D2R-5-HT2AR heteroreceptor complexes, the hallucinogenic 5-HT2AR agonists LSD and DOI were recently found to exert a biased agonist action on the orthosteric site of the 5-HT2AR protomer leading to the development of an active conformational state different from the one produced by 5-HT. Furthermore, as recently demonstrated allosteric A2A-D2R receptor-receptor interaction brought about not only a reduced affinity of the D2R agonist binding site but also a biased modulation of the D2R protomer signaling in A2A-D2R heteroreceptor complexes. A conformational state of the D2R was induced, which moved away from Gi/o signaling and instead favored β-arrestin2-mediated signaling. These examples on allosteric receptor-receptor interactions obtained over several decades serve to illustrate the significant increase in diversity and biased recognition and signaling that develop through such mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Kjell Fuxe, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, Stockholm 17177, Sweden e-mail:
| | - Alexander Tarakanov
- St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Luca Ferraro
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Tanganelli
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Luigi F. Agnati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Venice Lido, Italy
| | - Pere Garriga
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Diaz-Cabiale
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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39
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Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO, Romero-Fernandez W, Palkovits M, Tarakanov AO, Ciruela F, Agnati LF. Moonlighting proteins and protein-protein interactions as neurotherapeutic targets in the G protein-coupled receptor field. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:131-55. [PMID: 24105074 PMCID: PMC3857668 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is serious interest in understanding the dynamics of the receptor-receptor and receptor-protein interactions in space and time and their integration in GPCR heteroreceptor complexes of the CNS. Moonlighting proteins are special multifunctional proteins because they perform multiple autonomous, often unrelated, functions without partitioning into different protein domains. Moonlighting through receptor oligomerization can be operationally defined as an allosteric receptor-receptor interaction, which leads to novel functions of at least one receptor protomer. GPCR-mediated signaling is a more complicated process than previously described as every GPCR and GPCR heteroreceptor complex requires a set of G protein interacting proteins, which interacts with the receptor in an orchestrated spatio-temporal fashion. GPCR heteroreceptor complexes with allosteric receptor-receptor interactions operating through the receptor interface have become major integrative centers at the molecular level and their receptor protomers act as moonlighting proteins. The GPCR heteroreceptor complexes in the CNS have become exciting new targets for neurotherapeutics in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, drug addiction, and anxiety and depression opening a new field in neuropsychopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet,, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Miklós Palkovits
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexander O Tarakanov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Unitat de Farmacologia, Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Jacobson KA. Crystal structures of the A 2A adenosine receptor and their use in medicinal chemistry. In Silico Pharmacol 2013; 1:22. [PMID: 24660138 PMCID: PMC3956660 DOI: 10.1186/2193-9616-1-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New insights into drug design are derived from the X-ray crystallographic structures of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and the adenosine receptors (ARs) are at the forefront of this effort. The 3D knowledge of receptor binding and activation promises to enable drug discovery for GPCRs in general, and specifically for the ARs. The predictability of modeling based on the X-ray structures of the A2AAR has been well demonstrated in the identification, design and modification of both known and novel AR agonists and antagonists. It is expected that structure-based design of drugs acting through ARs will provide new avenues to clinically useful agents.
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41
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Dalet FGE, Guadalupe TFJ, María del Carmen CH, Humberto GAC, Antonio SUM. Insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors impacts drug design for central nervous system neurodegenerative processes. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:2290-302. [PMID: 25206539 PMCID: PMC4146033 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.24.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been important new insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors. It is now known that allosteric binding sites are involved in the affinity and selectivity of ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, and that signaling by these receptors involves both G-protein dependent and independent pathways. The present review outlines the physiological and pharmacological implications of this perspective for the design of new drugs to treat disorders of the central nervous system. Specifically, new possibilities are explored in relation to allosteric and orthosteric binding sites on dopamine receptors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and on muscarinic receptors for Alzheimer's disease. Future research can seek to identify ligands that can bind to more than one site on the same receptor, or simultaneously bind to two receptors and form a dimer. For example, the design of bivalent drugs that can reach homo/hetero-dimers of D2 dopamine receptor holds promise as a relevant therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Regarding the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the design of dualsteric ligands for mono-oligomeric rinic receptors could increase therapeutic effectiveness by generating potent compounds that could activate more than one signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farfán-García Eunice Dalet
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Trujillo-Ferrara José Guadalupe
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Castillo-Hernández María del Carmen
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Guerra-Araiza Christian Humberto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Corresponding author: Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio, Professor/Researcher, Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico, , (N201304028)
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Fernández-Dueñas V, Gómez-Soler M, Morató X, Núñez F, Das A, Kumar TS, Jaumà S, Jacobson KA, Ciruela F. Dopamine D(2) receptor-mediated modulation of adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist binding within the A(2A)R/D(2)R oligomer framework. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:42-6. [PMID: 23619397 PMCID: PMC3705641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular interaction between adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors (A2ARs and D2Rs, respectively) within an oligomeric complex has been postulated to play a pivotal role in the adenosine-dopamine interplay in the central nervous system, in both normal and pathological conditions (e.g. Parkinson's disease). While the effects of A2AR challenge on D2R functioning have been largely studied, the reverse condition is still unexplored, a fact that might have impact in therapeutics. Here, we aimed to examine in a real-time mode the D2R-mediated allosteric modulation of A2AR binding when an A2AR/D2R oligomer is established. Thus, we synthesized fluorescent A2AR agonists and evaluated, by means of a flow cytometry homogeneous no-wash assay and a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based approach, the effects on A2AR binding of distinct antiparkinsonian drugs in current clinical use (i.e. pramipexole, rotigotine and apomorphine). Our results provided evidence for the existence of a differential D2R-mediated negative allosteric modulation on A2AR agonist binding that was oligomer-formation dependent, and with apomorphine being the best antiparkinsonian drug attenuating A2AR agonist binding. Overall, the here-developed methods were found valid to explore the ability of drugs acting on D2Rs to modulate A2AR binding, thus serving to facilitate the preliminary selection of D2R-like candidate drugs in the management of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maricel Gómez-Soler
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabiana Núñez
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arijit Das
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892 Bethesda, USA
| | - T. Santhosh Kumar
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892 Bethesda, USA
| | - Serge Jaumà
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892 Bethesda, USA
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Jacobson KA. Structure-based approaches to ligands for G-protein-coupled adenosine and P2Y receptors, from small molecules to nanoconjugates. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3749-67. [PMID: 23597047 PMCID: PMC3701956 DOI: 10.1021/jm400422s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine receptor (ARs) and P2Y receptors (P2YRs) that respond to extracellular nucleosides/nucleotides are associated with new directions for therapeutics. The X-ray structures of the A2AAR complexes with agonists and antagonists are examined in relationship to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and applied to drug discovery. Much of the data on AR ligand structure from early SAR studies now are explainable from the A2AAR X-ray crystallography. The ligand-receptor interactions in related GPCR complexes can be identified by means of modeling approaches, e.g., molecular docking. Thus, molecular recognition in binding and activation processes has been studied effectively using homology modeling and applied to ligand design. Virtual screening has yielded new nonnucleoside AR antagonists, and existing ligands have been improved with knowledge of the receptor interactions. New agonists are being explored for central nervous system and peripheral therapeutics based on in vivo activity, such as chronic neuropathic pain. Ligands for receptors more distantly related to the X-ray template, i.e., P2YRs, have been introduced and are mainly used as pharmacological tools for elucidating the physiological role of extracellular nucleotides. Other ligand tools for drug discovery include fluorescent probes, radioactive probes, multivalent probes, and functionalized nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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