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Starik N, Gygax L, Göttert T. Unexpected bat community changes along an urban-rural gradient in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan area. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10552. [PMID: 38720052 PMCID: PMC11078944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Urbanization gradients are increasingly used in ecological studies to discover responses of species communities to different intensities of human-induced habitat transformation. Here, we investigated patterns of bat communities against the background of different urbanization levels using a priori defined urbanization categories based on distance classes (5 km intervals) along a linear transect from the urban core of the city of Berlin westwards into the rural outskirts of the state of Brandenburg. Using linear-mixed effects models, we found that "distance class", as a proxy for urbanization level, is a meaningful and suitable predictor of bat species richness and diversity. We observed an unexpectedly sudden increase in bat species richness and diversity and changes in species-specific activity levels relatively close to the urban center at the transition between urban and peri-urban areas. This change suggests a relevant influence of the peri-urban areas as a "buffer zone" for specific bat species not able to adapt to the heavily modified inner core of the metropolitan area. Although we could demonstrate that anthropogenic noise and artificial light have the potential to predict the variability of bat species activity along the urban-rural gradient, the actual influence on observed shifts in the bat community needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Starik
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10009, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsche Fledermauswarte e.V., Am Juliusturm 63, 13599, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Gygax
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10009, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Göttert
- Research Center [Sustainability-Transformation-Transfer], Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany.
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Fleischer R, Jones C, Ledezma-Campos P, Czirják GÁ, Sommer S, Gillespie TR, Vicente-Santos A. Gut microbial shifts in vampire bats linked to immunity due to changed diet in human disturbed landscapes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167815. [PMID: 37852483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic land-use change alters wildlife habitats and modifies species composition, diversity, and contacts among wildlife, livestock, and humans. Such human-modified ecosystems have been associated with emerging infectious diseases, threatening human and animal health. However, human disturbance also creates new resources that some species can exploit. Common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) in Latin America constitute an important example, as their adaptation to human-modified habitats and livestock blood-feeding has implications for e.g., rabies transmission. Despite the well-known links between habitat degradation and disease emergence, few studies have explored how human-induced disturbance influences wildlife behavioural ecology and health, which can alter disease dynamics. To evaluate links among habitat disturbance, diet shifts, gut microbiota, and immunity, we quantified disturbance around roosting caves of common vampire bats in Costa Rica, measured their long-term diet preferences (livestock or wildlife blood) using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, evaluated innate and adaptive immune markers, and characterized their gut microbiota. We observed that bats from roosting caves with more cattle farming nearby fed more on cattle blood. Moreover, gut microbial richness and the abundance of specific gut microbes differed according to feeding preferences. Interestingly, bats feeding primarily on wildlife blood harboured a higher abundance of the bacteria Edwardsiella sp., which tended to be associated with higher immunoglobulin G levels. Our results highlight how human land-use change may indirectly affect wildlife health and emerging infectious diseases through diet-induced shifts in microbiota, with implications for host immunity and potential consequences for susceptibility to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Fleischer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christie Jones
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Gábor Á Czirják
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Sommer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas R Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Program in Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda Vicente-Santos
- Program in Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Russo-Petrick K, Root KV. Factors impacting bat activity and species richness in protected parks in the oak openings region of Northwest Ohio. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 72:1086-1098. [PMID: 37368019 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas are important for wildlife, especially in heavily developed areas. Bats are one group utilizing protected areas, but it is unclear what makes an ideal place for bats to live in parks, especially since preferences vary between open and forest foraging species and at different scales. The main objective of this study was to determine the landscape and vegetation factors at multiple scales most associated with higher bat activity and species richness in protected parks. Total bat activity, species richness, and activity for open and forested foraging species were compared to small-scale data vegetation structure collected in the field and larger-scale landscape data calculated in ArcGIS and FRAGSTATS. Bat activity and species richness increased with higher percentages of dry and open land cover types such as sand barrens, savanna, cropland, and upland prairie and decreased with higher percentages of forest and wet prairies. Patch richness, understory height, and clutter at the 3-6.5 m level were negatively associated with total bat activity. The most important variables for bats differed depending on spatial scale measured and if species were open or forest adapted. When managing for bats in parks, it would be advantageous to restore open land cover types such as savanna and mid-level clutter, and excessive fragmentation. Whether species are open or forest adapted and scale-specific differences should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Russo-Petrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - Karen V Root
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
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Balčiauskas L, Stirkė V, Garbaras A, Balčiauskienė L. Shrews Under-Represented in Fruit Farms and Homesteads. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061028. [PMID: 36978569 PMCID: PMC10044566 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrews are a less studied group of small mammals than rodents. Between 2018 and 2022, we surveyed 23 sites in Lithuania, including natural and anthropogenic habitats, with the aim to assess the proportion of Soricidae in small mammal communities and their diet based on stable isotope analysis. The average representation of Soricidae was 3.1%, about half the long-term average in other habitats in the country. The highest proportions were in meadows and farmsteads, at 4.9% and 5.0% respectively. Shrews were not trapped on farms or in young orchards, and their relative abundance was very low in intensively managed orchards (0.006 individuals per 100 trap days). Neomys fodiens and N. anomalus were unexpectedly found in homesteads, including in outbuildings. Sorex araneus and S. minutus had similar diets. The trophic carbon/nitrogen discrimination factor between invertebrates and shrew hair was 2.74‰/3.98‰ for S. araneus, 1.90‰/3.78‰ for S. minutus in the orchards. The diet of N. fodiens and N. anomalus at the homesteads requires further investigation. We propose that the under-abundance of shrews may be due to contamination by plant protection products and a lack of invertebrates under intensive agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linas Balčiauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-685-34141
| | | | - Andrius Garbaras
- General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania, Šilo str. 5A, 10322 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Role of Brazilian bats in the epidemiological cycle of potentially zoonotic pathogens. Microb Pathog 2023; 177:106032. [PMID: 36804526 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Bats (Chiroptera) are flying mammals of great biodiversity and habits. These characteristics contribute for them being natural reservoirs and part of the epidemiological cycle of several potentially zoonotic pathogens, such as viruses, protozoa, fungi and bacteria. Brazil hosts approximately 15% of the world's bat diversity, with 181 distinct species, 68 genera and 9 families. About 60% of infectious diseases in humans are of zoonotic origin and, in the last decades, the detection of zoonotic pathogens in bats and their environment has been reported, such as Rabies virus (RABV) and Histoplasma capsulatum. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the reports of zoonotic pathogens associated with bats in Brazil in the past ten years. We reviewed the main pathogenic microorganisms described and the species of bats most frequently involved in the epidemiological cycles of these zoonotic agents. The obtained data show an upward trend in the detection of zoonotic pathogens in Brazilian bats, such as RABV, Bartonella sp., Histoplasma capsulatum and Leishmania spp., with emphasis on the bat species Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Desmodus rotundus and Molossus molossus. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring bat-associated microrganisms to early identify pathogens that may threaten bat populations, including potentially zoonotic microrganisms, emphasizing the importance of the One Health approach to prevent and mitigate the risks of the emergence of zoonotic diseases.
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Aguillon S, Le Minter G, Lebarbenchon C, Hoarau AOG, Toty C, Joffrin L, Ramanantsalama RV, Augros S, Tortosa P, Mavingui P, Dietrich M. A population in perpetual motion: Highly dynamic roosting behavior of a tropical island endemic bat. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9814. [PMID: 36789336 PMCID: PMC9919472 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although island endemic bats are a source of considerable conservation concerns, their biology remains poorly known. Here, we studied the phenology and roosting behavior of a tropical island endemic species: the Reunion free-tailed bat (Mormopterus francoismoutoui). This widespread and abundant species occupies various natural and anthropogenic environments such as caves and buildings. We set up fine-scale monitoring of 19 roosts over 27 months in Reunion Island and analyzed roost size and composition, sexual and age-associated segregation of individuals, as well as the reproductive phenology and body condition of individuals. Based on extensive data collected from 6721 individuals, we revealed a highly dynamic roosting behavior, with marked seasonal sex-ratio variation, linked to distinct patterns of sexual aggregation among roosts. Despite the widespread presence of pregnant females all over the island, parturition was localized in a few roosts, and flying juveniles dispersed rapidly toward all studied roosts. Our data also suggested a 7-month delay between mating and pregnancy, highlighting a likely long interruption of the reproductive cycle in this tropical bat. Altogether, our results suggest a complex social organization in the Reunion free-tailed bat, with important sex-specific seasonal and spatial movements, including the possibility of altitudinal migration. Bat tracking and genetic studies would provide additional insights into the behavioral strategies that shape the biology of this enigmatic bat species. The fine-scale spatiotemporal data revealed by our study will serve to the delineation of effective conservation plans, especially in the context of growing urbanization and agriculture expansion in Reunion Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Aguillon
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical)Université de la Réunion/INSERM1187/CNRS9192/IRD249Sainte‐ClotildeFrance
| | - Gildas Le Minter
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical)Université de la Réunion/INSERM1187/CNRS9192/IRD249Sainte‐ClotildeFrance
| | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical)Université de la Réunion/INSERM1187/CNRS9192/IRD249Sainte‐ClotildeFrance
| | - Axel O. G. Hoarau
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical)Université de la Réunion/INSERM1187/CNRS9192/IRD249Sainte‐ClotildeFrance
| | - Céline Toty
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical)Université de la Réunion/INSERM1187/CNRS9192/IRD249Sainte‐ClotildeFrance
| | - Léa Joffrin
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical)Université de la Réunion/INSERM1187/CNRS9192/IRD249Sainte‐ClotildeFrance
| | - Riana V. Ramanantsalama
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical)Université de la Réunion/INSERM1187/CNRS9192/IRD249Sainte‐ClotildeFrance
| | | | - Pablo Tortosa
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical)Université de la Réunion/INSERM1187/CNRS9192/IRD249Sainte‐ClotildeFrance
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical)Université de la Réunion/INSERM1187/CNRS9192/IRD249Sainte‐ClotildeFrance
| | - Muriel Dietrich
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical)Université de la Réunion/INSERM1187/CNRS9192/IRD249Sainte‐ClotildeFrance
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Martin AE, Lockhart JK, Fahrig L. Are weak dispersers more vulnerable than strong dispersers to land use intensification? Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20220909. [PMID: 36629096 PMCID: PMC9832560 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecologists often state that weak dispersers are particularly at risk from land use intensification, and that they therefore should be prioritized for conservation. We reviewed the empirical evidence, to evaluate whether this idea should be used as a general rule in conservation. While 89% of authors predicted that weak dispersers are more vulnerable to land use intensification (80 out of 90 papers), only 56% of reported tests (235 out of 422) were consistent with this prediction. Thirty per cent of tests (128 out of 422) were consistent with the opposite prediction, that strong dispersers are more vulnerable to intensification, and 60% of articles (45 out of 75) had at least one test where strong dispersers were most vulnerable. The likelihood of finding that weak dispersers are more vulnerable to intensification than strong dispersers varied with latitude, taxonomic group and type of land use intensification. Notably, the odds of finding that weak dispersers are more vulnerable to intensification than strong dispersers was higher if the study was nearer to the equator. Taken together, our results show that the prediction that weak dispersers are more vulnerable than strong dispersers to intensification is not sufficiently supported to justify using weak dispersal as a general indicator of species risk in human-modified landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Martin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Jessica K. Lockhart
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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Laux M, Lv H, Entling MH, Schirmel J, Narang A, Köhler M, Saha S. Native pedunculate oaks support more biodiversity than non-native oaks, but non-native oaks are healthier than native oaks: A study on street and park trees of a city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158603. [PMID: 36089021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trees in cities provide multiple ecosystem services. However, simultaneously ensuring healthy trees with high habitat diversity can be challenging in a harsh urban environment. We compared health, microhabitats, and bat activities between native (Quercus robur L.) and non-native (Quercus rubra L.) oaks growing in different urban habitats (street vs. park) in Karlsruhe, southwestern Germany. We randomly selected 167 oak trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) >20 cm across the city from Urban Tree Registrar. We performed tree health assessment, dendrometric, and microhabitat inventory. We recorded the four-day bat activities on 45 native and non-native oaks with acoustic loggers installed on the trees. We found that non-native oaks were healthier than native oaks but provided less abundance and richness of microhabitats. Tree size (positive effect) and pruning (negative effect) strongly influence microhabitat richness and abundance. In addition, park trees hosted significantly more microhabitats than street trees. We recorded the activities of 9 bat species from 4 genera. Pipistrellus bats were more active in park trees than street trees. Long-eared bats (Plecotus) were more active near the native than non-native oaks. Bats are likely favored by microhabitats such as fork split, lightning scar, and woodpecker "flute" that are more common in less healthy trees. We conclude that non-native red oak can be planted alongside streets, where the conditions are harsher than in parks to better adapt to climatic changes and stay healthy with less maintenance. The preservation of native pedunculate oak trees, especially within parks, is paramount for urban biodiversity conservation because of their potential to provide microhabitats and supporting bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Laux
- Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlstraße 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hailiang Lv
- Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlstraße 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road 5, 163316 Daqing, China.
| | - Martin H Entling
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Jens Schirmel
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Aditya Narang
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Mario Köhler
- City Horticulture Office (Gartenbauamt), Municipality of Karlsruhe, Lammstraße 7a, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Somidh Saha
- Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlstraße 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute for Geography and Geoecology (IfGG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Silva-Souza M, Dias-Silva L, Talamoni SA. How different farming practices influence the activity of insectivorous Neotropical bats. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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McCloy MWD, Andringa RK, Grace JK. Resilience of Avian Communities to Urbanization and Climate Change: an Integrative Review. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.918873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of ecological resilience is widely used to assess how species and ecosystems respond to external stressors but is applied infrequently at the level of the community or to chronic, ongoing disturbances. In this review, we first discuss the concept of ecological resilience and methods for quantifying resilience in ecological studies. We then synthesize existing evidence for the resilience of avian communities to climate change and urbanization, two chronic disturbances that are driving global biodiversity loss, and conclude with recommendations for future directions. We only briefly discuss the theoretical framework behind ecological resilience and species-specific responses to these two major disturbances, because numerous reviews already exist on these topics. Current research suggests strong heterogeneity in the responses and resilience of bird communities to urbanization and climate change, although community disassembly and reassembly is high following both disturbances. To advance our understanding of community resilience to these disturbances, we recommend five areas of future study (1) the development of a standardized, comprehensive community resilience index that incorporates both adaptive capacity and measures of functional diversity, (2) measurement/modeling of both community resistance and recovery in response to disturbance, (3) multi-scale and/or multi-taxa studies that include three-way interactions between plants, animals, and climate, (4) studies that incorporate interactions between disturbances, and (5) increased understanding of interactions between ecological resilience and socio-ecological dynamics. Advancement in these areas will enhance our ability to predict and respond to the rapidly accelerating effects of climate change and urbanization.
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Local Residents’ Social-Ecological Adaptability of the Qilian Mountain National Park Pilot, Northwestern China. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas are critical for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. In the last few years, there has been growing recognition of the role of indigenous peoples and local communities in the management of government designated protected areas, and thus their perceptions and adaptability were paid much attention. Drawing on a survey of 487 residents in the Qilian Mountain National Park Pilot of Northwestern China, this study used the adaptive analysis framework to study the adaptability of local residents. The main contribution of this paper is to select a typical social-ecological system to study the adaptability of local residents, and using Elinor Ostrom’s Social-Ecological System framework to analyze the adaptability mechanism. The results show that different types of residents had different adaptability to environmental change. People whose income mainly depends on work salary with a small part of herding have the highest level of adaptability, while people whose income mostly comes from farming with a small part of herding have the lowest level. This result is related to people’s living location, as people living in the core zone and buffer zone of the reserve mainly earned from grazing, and people living in the experimental zone and peripheral zone earned mainly from outside work. Moreover, people living in the core zone and buffer zone are mostly elders and ethnic groups, while people in the experimental zone and buffer zone are Han people. To improve management effectiveness and to avoid conflict between local residents and managers, this paper suggests that more attention should be paid to these who have lived for a long time in the core zone and buffer zone. They are the most vulnerable groups and show low adaptability in almost all domains. For the long run, education quality should be improved to decrease the population in the reserve.
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Meramo K, Ovaskainen O, Bernard E, Silva CR, Laine VN, Lilley TM. Contrasting Effects of Chronic Anthropogenic Disturbance on Activity and Species Richness of Insectivorous Bats in Neotropical Dry Forest. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.822415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For prioritizing conservation actions, it is vital to understand how ecologically diverse species respond to environmental change caused by human activity. This is particularly necessary considering that chronic human disturbance is a threat to biodiversity worldwide. Depending on how species tolerate and adapt to such disturbance, ecological integrity and ecosystem services will be more or less affected. Bats are a species-rich and functionally diverse group, with important roles in ecosystems, and are therefore recognized as a good model group for assessing the impact of environmental change. Their populations have decreased in several regions, especially in the tropics, and are threatened by increasing human disturbance. Using passive acoustic monitoring, we assessed how the species-rich aerial insectivorous bats—essential for insect suppression services—respond to chronic human disturbance in the Caatinga dry forests of Brazil, an area potentially harboring ca. 100 bat species (nearly 50% are insectivorous), but with > 60% its area composed of anthropogenic ecosystems under chronic pressure. Acoustic data for bat activity was collected at research sites with varying amounts of chronic human disturbance (e.g., livestock grazing and firewood gathering). The intensity of the disturbance is indicated by the global multi-metric CAD index (GMDI). Using Animal Sound Identifier (ASI) software, we identified 18 different bat taxon units. Using Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities (HMSC), we found trends in the association of the disturbance gradient with species richness and bat activity: species richness was higher at sites with higher human disturbance, whereas bat activity decreased with increasing human disturbance. Additionally, we observed taxon-specific responses to human disturbance. We conclude that the effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance on the insectivorous bat fauna in the Caatinga are not homogeneous and a species-specific approach is necessary when assessing the responses of local bats to human disturbances in tropical dry forests, and in other biomes under human pressure.
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Assessing the extent of land-use change around important bat-inhabited caves. BMC ZOOL 2021; 6:31. [PMID: 34840806 PMCID: PMC8605785 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-021-00095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modification and destruction of natural habitats are bringing previously unencountered animal populations into contact with humans, with bats considered important zoonotic transmission vectors. Caves and cave-dwelling bats are under-represented in conservation plans. In South Africa, at least two cavernicolous species are of interest as potential zoonotic hosts: the Natal long-fingered bat Miniopterus natalensis and the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus. Little information is available about the anthropogenic pressures these species face around important roost sites. Both bats are numerous and widespread throughout the country; land-use changes and urban expansions are a rising concern for both conservation and increased bat-human contact. Results Our study addressed this shortfall by determining the extent of land-cover change around 47 roosts between 2014 and 2018 using existing land cover datasets. We determined the land-cover composition around important roost sites (including maternity, hibernacula and co-roosts), distances to urban settlements and assessed the current protection levels of roost localities. We detected an overall 4% decrease in natural woody vegetation (trees) within 5 km buffer zones of all roost sites, with a 10% decrease detected at co-roost sites alone. Agricultural land cover increased the most near roost sites, followed by plantations and urban land-cover. Overall, roosts were located 4.15 ± 0.91 km from urban settlements in 2018, the distances decreasing as urban areas expand. According to the South African National Biodiversity Institute Ecosystem Threat Status assessment, 72% of roosts fall outside of well-protected ecosystems. Conclusions The current lack of regulatory protection of cavernicolous bats and their roosts, increasing anthropogenic expansions and proximity to human settlements raises concerns about increased human-bat contact. Furthermore, uncontrolled roost visitation and vandalism are increasing, contributing to bat health risks and population declines, though the extent of roosts affected is yet to be quantified. In an era where pandemics are predicted to become more frequent and severe due to land-use change, our research is an urgent call for the formal protection of bat-inhabited caves to safeguard both bats and humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40850-021-00095-5.
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Mena JL, Rivero J, Bonifaz E, Pastor P, Pacheco J, Aide TM. The effect of artificial light on bat richness and nocturnal soundscapes along an urbanization gradient in an arid landscape of central Peru. Urban Ecosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-021-01163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Monroy FP, Solari S, Lopez JÁ, Agudelo-Flórez P, Peláez Sánchez RG. High Diversity of Leptospira Species Infecting Bats Captured in the Urabá Region (Antioquia-Colombia). Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091897. [PMID: 34576792 PMCID: PMC8469583 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. This zoonotic disease affects humans, domestic animals and wild animals. Colombia is considered an endemic country for leptospirosis; Antioquia is the second department in Colombia, with the highest number of reported leptospirosis cases. Currently, many studies report bats as reservoirs of Leptospira spp. but the prevalence in these mammals is unknown. The goal of this study was to better understand the role of bats as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species and to evaluate the genetic diversity of circulating Leptospira species in Antioquia-Colombia. We captured 206 bats in the municipalities of Chigorodó (43 bats), Carepa (43 bats), Apartadó (39 bats), Turbo (40 bats), and Necoclí (41 bats) in the Urabá region (Antioquia-Colombia). Twenty bats tested positive for Leptospira spp. infection (20/206—9.70%) and the species of infected bats were Carollia perspicillata, Dermanura rava, Glossophaga soricina, Molossus molossus, Artibeus planirostris, and Uroderma convexum. These species have different feeding strategies such as frugivorous, insectivores, and nectarivores. The infecting Leptospira species identified were Leptospira borgpetersenii (3/20–15%), Leptospira alexanderi (2/20–10%), Leptospira noguchii (6/20–30%), Leptospira interrogans (3/20–15%), and Leptospira kirschneri (6/20–30%). Our results showed the importance of bats in the epidemiology, ecology, and evolution of Leptospira in this host-pathogen association. This is the first step in deciphering the role played by bats in the epidemiology of human leptospirosis in the endemic region of Urabá (Antioquia-Colombia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P. Monroy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-928-523-0042
| | - Sergio Solari
- Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellín 50010, Colombia;
| | - Juan Álvaro Lopez
- Microbiology School, Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín 50010, Colombia;
| | - Piedad Agudelo-Flórez
- Basic Science Research Group, Graduate School—CES University, Medellín 50021, Colombia; (P.A.-F.); (R.G.P.S.)
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Appel G, López‐Baucells A, Rocha R, Meyer CFJ, Bobrowiec PED. Habitat disturbance trumps moonlight effects on the activity of tropical insectivorous bats. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Appel
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
| | - A. López‐Baucells
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- BiBio (Biodiversity and Bioindicators Research Group) Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers Granollers Spain
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - R. Rocha
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources University of Porto Vairão Portugal
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - C. F. J. Meyer
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK
| | - P. E. D. Bobrowiec
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
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Kohyt J, Pierzchała E, Pereswiet-Soltan A, Piksa K. Seasonal Activity of Urban Bats Populations in Temperate Climate Zone-A Case Study from Southern Poland. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051474. [PMID: 34065554 PMCID: PMC8160865 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Urban green areas are essential for many animals inhabiting cities, including bats. They provide food and shelter, and also facilitate migration. Our aim was to identify bat species inhabiting Planty Park in Cracow and determine how their activity differed depending on the weather and season. We recorded bats’ calls on ultrasonic detectors in 2016 and 2017. In total, 2 of 10 observed species were new for this part of Poland: the Kuhl’s pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) and the Savi’s pipistrelle (Hypsugo savii). We divided all species into groups of similar ecology for further analyses. Myotis bats were the least active group. Bats of genera Nyctalus, Eptesicus and Vespertilio were the most active in late summer, similarly to Pipistrellus and Hypsugo, although statistics did not back the outcome for the latter two genera. In spring and early summer, Nyctalus, Eptesicus and Vespertilio bats were more active during warmer nights, while in autumn, they preferred cloudless nights. Interestingly, Pipistrellus and Hypsugo bats decreased their activity at higher temperatures during summer. Our study will lead to a better understanding of bat ecology in urban areas and will contribute to setting urban landscape planning recommendations. Abstract Municipal greenery can mitigate the negative impact of urbanization on biodiversity, including bats, by providing a migration corridor, food base and roosts. Our study aimed to evaluate the species composition and diversity, test the differences in activity between seasons, and identify the atmospheric conditions influencing the bats’ activity in the Planty Park (Cracow). Fieldworks were conducted in 2016 and 2017. We recorded 10 species, two new for this part of Poland: the Kuhl’s pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) and the Savi’s pipistrelle (Hypsugo savii). Taxa were divided into three ecological guilds. Myotis group’s activity was insufficient to perform statistical analyses. The activity of Nyctalus, Eptesicus and Vespertilio group peaked in late summer. A similar insignificant trend was observed for Pipistrellus and Hypsugo. Temperature enhanced the activity of Nyctalus, Eptesicus and Vespertilio group in spring and early summer, while cloud cover suppressed their activity in autumn. Temperature also enhanced Pipistrellus and Hypsugo group activity in spring and autumn, but it suppressed their summer activity. Our study is one of the first to investigate temperate urban bats’ phenology and may serve as a preface for further research to introduce detailed urban landscape planning recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kohyt
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Pierzchała
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Engineering and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 14, 40-007 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Andrea Pereswiet-Soltan
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Piksa
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland;
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White-nose syndrome-related changes to Mid-Atlantic bat communities across an urban-to-rural gradient. BMC ZOOL 2021; 6:12. [PMID: 37170299 PMCID: PMC10127033 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-021-00079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
White-nose Syndrome (WNS) has reduced the abundance of many bat species within the United States’ Mid-Atlantic region. To determine changes within the National Park Service National Capital Region (NCR) bat communities, we surveyed the area with mist netting and active acoustic sampling (2016–2018) and compared findings to pre-WNS (2003–2004) data.
Results
The results indicated the continued presence of the threatened Myotis septentrionalis (Northern Long-eared bat) and species of conservation concern, including Perimyotis subflavus (Tri-colored bat), Myotis leibii (Eastern Small-footed bat) and Myotis lucifugus (Little Brown bat). However, we documented a significant reduction in the abundance and distribution of M. lucifugus and P. subflavus, a decrease in the distribution of M. septentrionalis, and an increase in the abundance of Eptesicus fuscus (Big Brown bat).
Conclusions
Documented post-WNS M. septentrionalis recruitment suggests that portions of the NCR may be important bat conservation areas. Decreases in distribution and abundance of P. subflavus and M. lucifugus indicate probable extirpation from many previously occupied portions of the region.
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Landscape Genetic Connectivity and Evidence for Recombination in the North American Population of the White-Nose Syndrome Pathogen, Pseudogymnoascus destructans. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030182. [PMID: 33802538 PMCID: PMC8001231 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
White-Nose Syndrome is an ongoing fungal epizootic caused by epidermal infections of the fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (P. destructans), affecting hibernating bat species in North America. Emerging early in 2006 in New York State, infections of P. destructans have spread to 38 US States and seven Canadian Provinces. Since then, clonal isolates of P. destructans have accumulated genotypic and phenotypic variations in North America. Using microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we investigated the population structure and genetic relationships among P. destructans isolates from diverse regions in North America to understand its pattern of spread, and to test hypotheses about factors that contribute to transmission. We found limited support for genetic isolation of P. destructans populations by geographic distance, and instead identified evidence for gene flow among geographic regions. Interestingly, allelic association tests revealed evidence for recombination in the North American P. destructans population. Our landscape genetic analyses revealed that the population structure of P. destructans in North America was significantly influenced by anthropogenic impacts on the landscape. Our results have important implications for understanding the mechanism(s) of P. destructans spread.
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Moir M, Richards LR, Rambau RV, Wannenburgh A, Cherry MI. Fragmentation does not affect gene flow in forest populations of the dusky pipistrelle bat on the eastern seaboard of South Africa. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Eastern Cape Province harbors almost half of the indigenous forest in South Africa, but these forests are threatened by large-scale agricultural and urban development planned for the coming decade. Additional anthropogenic development is likely to cause further fragmentation and degradation of forests inhabited by the dusky pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus hesperidus). We used eight microsatellite markers to study the genetic diversity, population structure, and migration, of P. hesperidus (n = 120) across 14 sites in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa. We examined the effect of contemporary land cover types on genetic differentiation to assess whether current levels of urbanization and agricultural development affect gene flow. High gene flow and low population structure were evident across sampled sites, apart from genetic discontinuities at the northern (Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve) and southern (Alexandria Forest) ends of the seaboard. Genetic discontinuity at Oribi Gorge may relate to anthropogenic modification of two rivers surrounding the forest, while the Alexandria-linked barrier is a climatic break known as the Bedford gap. Migration rates generally were low between sites except for one Scarp forest, Manubi State Forest, from which individuals dispersed to other sites. The Amatole Mistbelt forests supported high genetic diversity, and likely served as a refugium for P. hesperidus during the Last Glacial Maximum. The composition of land cover classes between sites was a poor predictor of genetic differentiation, although it seems likely that P. hesperidus uses riparian habitats and wetlands for dispersal. Lastly, urban and agricultural development did not have a significant effect on genetic differentiation, which may reflect the wide niche breadth and intermediate distribution range of the species. This study provides insights into genetic diversity and gene flow of P. hesperidus across the study region prior to agricultural intensification and large-scale urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Moir
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Ramugondo V Rambau
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Andrew Wannenburgh
- Natural Resource Management, Department of Environmental Affairs, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael I Cherry
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Gomes DGE, Appel G, Barber JR. Time of night and moonlight structure vertical space use by insectivorous bats in a Neotropical rainforest: an acoustic monitoring study. PeerJ 2021; 8:e10591. [PMID: 33384906 PMCID: PMC7751414 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has shown diverse vertical space use by various taxa, highlighting the importance of forest vertical structure. Yet, we know little about vertical space use of tropical forests, and we often fail to explore how this three-dimensional space use changes over time. Methods Here we use canopy tower systems in French Guiana and passive acoustic monitoring to measure Neotropical bat activity above and below the forest canopy throughout nine nights. We use a Bayesian generalized linear mixed effect model and kernel density estimates to demonstrate patterns in space-use over time. Results We found that different bats use both canopy and understory space differently and that these patterns change throughout the night. Overall, bats were more active above the canopy (including Cormura brevirostris, Molossus molossus, Peropteryx kappleri and Peropteryx macrotis), but multiple species or acoustic complexes (when species identification was impossible) were more active in the understory (such as Centronycteris maximiliani, Myotis riparius, Pteronotus alitonus and Pteronotus rubiginosus). We also found that most bats showed temporally-changing preferences in hourly activity. Some species were less active (e.g., P. kappleri and P. macrotis), whereas others were more active (Pteronotus gymnonotus, C. brevirostris, and M. molossus) on nights with higher moon illuminance. Discussion Here we show that Neotropical bats use habitat above the forest canopy and within the forest understory differently throughout the night. While bats generally were more active above the forest canopy, we show that individual groups of bats use space differently over the course of a night, and some prefer the understory. This work highlights the need to consider diel cycles in studies of space use, as animals use different habitats during different periods of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G E Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Giulliana Appel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jesse R Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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Melo MA, Braga DDA, Mansho W, Carvalho RR, Oliveira DCD, Rosa AR. Morcegos urbanos de Guarulhos: alta riqueza de espécies e dominância de espécies ecologicamente flexíveis reveladas a partir de dados de monitoramento da raiva. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2021009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Urbanização afeta a composição e funções ecossistêmicas das comunidades de morcegos em várias regiões do planeta. Entretanto, este ainda é um tema pouco explorado no Neotrópico. No Brasil, embora poucas cidades apresentem inventários de quirópteros, órgãos municipais de saúde pública (e.g., Centro de Controle de Zoonoses) realizam a vigilância passiva dos morcegos infectados pelo vírus da raiva. Estas instituições fazem a identificação dos espécimes oriundos principalmente de áreas urbanas e coletam dados biológicos importantes para o manejo ambiental, controle populacional, ecologia e conservação das espécies. O presente estudo analisou os dados de recebimento de morcegos, de 2001 a 2017, oriundos da cidade de Guarulhos, comparando as taxas de recebimento, frequência, riqueza e dominância das espécies com estudos prévios conduzidos em cidades brasileiras. Os dados da vigilância em saúde pública demonstraram uma alta riqueza de espécies (n = 29), representadas por três famílias mais comuns em áreas urbanas brasileiras (Phyllostomidae, Molossidae e Vespertilionidae). Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1766), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766) e Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) representaram a maioria (70%) dos dados da quiropterofauna de Guarulhos. Esta dominância pode estar relacionada com a flexibilidade da dieta dessas espécies (insetívoras e nectarívoras não obrigatórias) e abrigos diurnos em edificações, recursos estes altamente disponíveis nas cidades brasileiras. Assim, para mitigar os efeitos da urbanização sobre a rica quiropterofauna regional, recomenda-se que o planejamento ambiental das cidades considere suas diretrizes urbanísticas e florísticas como uma ferramenta ao manejo integrado da fauna silvestre e saúde pública, além de implantar estratégias para aumentar o potencial de conservação da biodiversidade nestes ambientes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. Melo
- Prefeitura de Guarulhos, Brasil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brasil
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23
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Kurek K, Gewartowska O, Tołkacz K, Jędrzejewska B, Mysłajek RW. Home range size, habitat selection and roost use by the whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus) in human-dominated montane landscapes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237243. [PMID: 33035231 PMCID: PMC7546482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of animal adaptations to human pressure is limited by the focus on rare taxa, despite that common species are more significant in shaping structure, function and service provision of ecosystems. Thus better understanding of their ecology and behavioural adjustments is central for drafting conservation actions. In this study, we used radio-telemetry on 21 individuals (10 females, 11 males) to provide data on spatial ecology, habitat selection and use of roosts of one of the commonest species, the whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus), inhabiting the Carpathian Mountains (southern Poland). We tested, whether this species prefers natural over human-modified landscapes to seek prey and roosts. Mean home range size of the whiskered bat in the Carpathian Mountains was 26.3 ha (SE ± 3.2, Local Convex Hull) and 110 ha (SE ± 22.1, Minimum Convex Polygon with all locations), and included between one and three patches, among which bats moved along linear environmental features, such as scrubby banks of streams or lines of trees. During foraging whiskered bats selected small woodlands within agricultural landscapes, avoided large mountain forests and open areas, and used built-up areas proportionally to their availability. Whiskered bats occupied roosts located mainly in buildings (>97%), at an average altitude of 547.9 m above sea level (SE ± 8.3). Roosts were used for 5.4 days, on average. Our study shows that whiskered bats adapted well to the mosaic of semi-natural and anthropogenic habitats. It highlights the importance of buildings serving as roosts and small woodlands used as foraging areas in human-dominated montane landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korneliusz Kurek
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Olga Gewartowska
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tołkacz
- Department of Antarctic Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Robert W. Mysłajek
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Vivas-Toro I, Murillo-García OE. Diurnal Flying Activity of a Neotropical Bat (Saccopteryx leptura): Effect of Light Intensity, Temperature, and Canopy Cover. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2020.22.1.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Vivas-Toro
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Oscar E. Murillo-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia
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Ramírez‐Mejía AF, Urbina‐Cardona JN, Sánchez F. Functional diversity of phyllostomid bats in an urban–rural landscape: A scale‐dependent analysis. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Ramírez‐Mejía
- Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá Colombia
- ECOTONOS (Research group) Universidad de los Llanos Villavicencio Colombia
| | | | - Francisco Sánchez
- ECOTONOS (Research group) Universidad de los Llanos Villavicencio Colombia
- Museo de Historia Natural‐Unillanos Programa de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad de los Llanos Villavicencio Colombia
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Zamora‐Gutierrez V, Ortega J, Avila‐Flores R, Aguilar‐Rodríguez PA, Alarcón‐Montano M, Avila‐Torresagatón LG, Ayala‐Berdón J, Bolívar‐Cimé B, Briones‐Salas M, Chan‐Noh M, Chávez‐Cauich M, Chávez C, Cortés‐Calva P, Cruzado J, Cuevas JC, Del Real‐Monroy M, Elizalde‐Arellano C, García‐Luis M, García‐Morales R, Guerrero JA, Guevara‐Carrizales AA, Gutiérrez EG, Hernández‐Mijangos LA, Ibarra‐López MP, Iñiguez‐Dávalos LI, León‐Madrazo R, López‐González C, López‐Téllez MC, López‐Vidal JC, Martínez‐Balvanera S, Montiel‐Reyes F, Murrieta‐Galindo R, Orozco‐Lugo CL, Pech‐Canché JM, Pérez‐Pérez L, Ramírez‐Martínez MM, Rizo‐Aguilar A, Robredo‐Esquivelzeta E, Rodas‐Martínez AZ, Rojo‐Cruz MA, Selem‐Salas CI, Uribe‐Bencomo E, Vargas‐Contreras JA, MacSwiney G. MC. The Sonozotz project: Assembling an echolocation call library for bats in a megadiverse country. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4928-4943. [PMID: 32551071 PMCID: PMC7297765 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bat acoustic libraries are important tools that assemble echolocation calls to allow the comparison and discrimination to confirm species identifications. The Sonozotz project represents the first nation-wide library of bat echolocation calls for a megadiverse country. It was assembled following a standardized recording protocol that aimed to cover different recording habitats, recording techniques, and call variation inherent to individuals. The Sonozotz project included 69 species of echolocating bats, a high species richness that represents 50% of bat species found in the country. We include recommendations on how the database can be used and how the sampling methods can be potentially replicated in countries with similar environmental and geographic conditions. To our knowledge, this represents the most exhaustive effort to date to document and compile the diversity of bat echolocation calls for a megadiverse country. This database will be useful to address a range of ecological questions including the effects of anthropogenic activities on bat communities through the analysis of bat sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zamora‐Gutierrez
- CONACYT—Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR)Instituto Politécnico NacionalDurangoMéxico
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Departamento de ZoologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Rafael Avila‐Flores
- División Académica de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoVillahermosaMéxico
| | - Pedro Adrián Aguilar‐Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones TropicalesUniversidad VeracruzanaXalapaMéxico
- Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcala de XicohténcatlMéxico
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Briones‐Salas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral RegionalUnidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR)Instituto Politécnico NacionalOaxacaMéxico
| | - Martha Chan‐Noh
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas‐AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaMéxico
| | - Manuel Chávez‐Cauich
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas‐AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaMéxico
| | - Cuauhtémoc Chávez
- Departamento de Ciencias AmbientalesUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Unidad LermaLermaMéxico
| | - Patricia Cortés‐Calva
- Programa de Planeación Ambiental y ConservaciónCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C.La PazMéxico
| | | | - Jesús Carlo Cuevas
- Ingeniería en Recursos Naturales y AgropecuariosUniversidad de GuadalajaraAutlánMéxico
| | | | - Cynthia Elizalde‐Arellano
- Departamento de ZoologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Margarita García‐Luis
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral RegionalUnidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR)Instituto Politécnico NacionalOaxacaMéxico
- Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de OaxacaXoxocotlánMéxico
| | | | - José Antonio Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMéxico
| | | | - Edgar G. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de ZoologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | | | | | | | - Rafael León‐Madrazo
- División Académica de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoVillahermosaMéxico
| | - Celia López‐González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR)Instituto Politécnico NacionalDurangoMéxico
| | | | - Juan Carlos López‐Vidal
- Departamento de ZoologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | | | - Fernando Montiel‐Reyes
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR)Instituto Politécnico NacionalDurangoMéxico
| | | | - Carmen Lorena Orozco‐Lugo
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMéxico
| | - Juan M. Pech‐Canché
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad VeracruzanaTuxpanMéxico
| | - Lucio Pérez‐Pérez
- División Académica de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoVillahermosaMéxico
| | | | - Areli Rizo‐Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e IngenieríaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMéxico
| | | | - Alba Z. Rodas‐Martínez
- División Académica de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoVillahermosaMéxico
| | | | | | - Elena Uribe‐Bencomo
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas‐AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaMéxico
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Dietz M, Bögelsack K, Krannich A, Simon O. Woodland fragments in urban landscapes are important bat areas: an example of the endangered Bechstein’s bat Myotis bechsteinii. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Laurindo RS, Souza RF, Lemos GO, Teodoro NS, Bonilha LM, Oliveira FL. Feeding habits define habitat use by bats in an agricultural landscape of the Atlantic Forest. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2020.91.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Zamora‐Gutierrez V, Amano T, Jones KE. Spatial and taxonomic biases in bat records: Drivers and conservation implications in a megadiverse country. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:14130-14141. [PMID: 31938508 PMCID: PMC6953659 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biases in data availability have serious consequences on scientific inferences that can be derived. The potential consequences of these biases could be more detrimental in the less-studied megadiverse regions, often characterized by high biodiversity and serious risks of human threats, as conservation and management actions could be misdirected. Here, focusing on 134 bat species in Mexico, we analyze spatial and taxonomic biases and their drivers in occurrence data; and identify priority areas for further data collection which are currently under-sampled or at future environmental risk. We collated a comprehensive database of 26,192 presence-only bat records in Mexico to characterize taxonomic and spatial biases and relate them to species' characteristics (range size and foraging behavior). Next, we examined variables related to accessibility, species richness and security to explain the spatial patterns in occurrence records. Finally, we compared the spatial distributions of existing data and future threats to these species to highlight those regions that are likely to experience an increased level of threats but are currently under-surveyed. We found taxonomic biases, where species with wider geographical ranges and narrow-space foragers (species easily captured with traditional methods), had more occurrence data. There was a significant oversampling toward tropical regions, and the presence and number of records was positively associated with areas of high topographic heterogeneity, road density, urban, and protected areas, and negatively associated with areas which were predicted to have future increases in temperature and precipitation. Sampling efforts for Mexican bats appear to have focused disproportionately on easily captured species, tropical regions, areas of high species richness and security; leading to under-sampling in areas of high future threats. These biases could substantially influence the assessment of current status of, and future anthropogenic impacts on, this diverse species group in a tropical megadiverse country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zamora‐Gutierrez
- CONACYT – Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR) Unidad DurangoInstituto Politécnico NacionalDurangoMexico
- Conservation Science GroupDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentCentre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- Conservation Science GroupDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Centre for the Study of Existential RiskUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Kate E. Jones
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentCentre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
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Hintze F, Arias-Aguilar A, Dias-Silva L, Delgado-Jaramillo M, Silva CR, Jucá T, Mischiatti FL, Almeida M, Bezerra B, Aguiar LMS, Ramos Pereira MJ, Bernard E. Molossid unlimited: extraordinary extension of range and unusual vocalization patterns of the bat, Promops centralis. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The big crested mastiff bat, Promops centralis, occurs in Central and South America, but knowledge of its ecology is limited due to its open space hunting strategy, making captures extremely challenging. Notwithstanding, members of the species produce echolocation calls that are easy to identify. After recording calls of P. centralis 1,500 km away from its known range in Brazil, we hypothesized that the distribution range of this species was probably greatly underestimated. To improve the accuracy of P. centralis’ real distribution, we employed acoustic surveys throughout parts of Brazil, conducted after a bibliographic review to gather additional records, and used MaxEnt to model the species’ potential distribution. We have found that P. centralis has a much wider distribution in South America than previously thought, adding more than 3.8 million km2 to its former known area. We also describe an unusual vocalization pattern of P. centralis, with individuals emitting at least three very distinct but highly variable calls. This study shows that bioacoustic surveys and species distribution models can complement traditional methodologies in studying species that are difficult to capture, such as P. centralis, potentially contributing to more effective conservation and management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Hintze
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brasil
| | - Adriana Arias-Aguilar
- Laboratório de Evolução, Sistemática e Ecologia de Aves e Mamíferos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Prédio 43435, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Dias-Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia & Conservação, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6.627, Campus UFMG, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brasil
| | - Mariana Delgado-Jaramillo
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brasil
| | - Carina Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brasil
| | - Thays Jucá
- Laboratório de Etologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, Recife, PE 50100-130, Brasil
| | - Francyne Lyrio Mischiatti
- Laboratório de Estudos em Quirópteros, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Edifício Lydia Behar, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brasil
| | - Márcio Almeida
- Laboratório de Estudos em Quirópteros, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Edifício Lydia Behar, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brasil
| | - Bruna Bezerra
- Laboratório de Etologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brasil
| | - Ludmilla M S Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia e Conservação de Morcegos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brasil
| | - Maria João Ramos Pereira
- Laboratório de Evolução, Sistemática e Ecologia de Aves e Mamíferos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Prédio 43435, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brasil
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Enrico Bernard
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brasil
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Appel G, López-Baucells A, Magnusson WE, Bobrowiec PED. Temperature, rainfall, and moonlight intensity effects on activity of tropical insectivorous bats. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The extrinsic factors that most influence animal activity are weather and light conditions, which can be assessed at hourly, monthly, and even lunar-cycle timescales. We evaluated the responses of tropical aerial-insectivorous bats to temperature, rainfall, and moonlight intensity within and among nights. Temperature positively affected the activity of two species (Cormura brevirostris and Saccopteryx bilineata). Moonlight reduced Myotis riparius activity and increased the activity of Pteronotus rubiginosus and S. leptura. Rainfall can promote an irregular activity peak during the night compared to nights without rainfall, but the bats in our study were not active for a longer time after a rainfall event. Our findings indicate that moonlight and temperature are the variables with the highest impact on the activity of tropical insectivorous bat species and that some species are sensitive to small variations in rainfall among and within nights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulliana Appel
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Portugal
- Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences, c/Palaudàries, Granollers, Spain
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Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11090148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-flying insectivorous bats, as wide-ranging generalist insectivores, are valuable consumers of high-altitude migrating pests of rice in Southeast Asia. Here, we documented the behavior of relatively low-flying bats over irrigated rice to elucidate their potential role as predators of rice-associated pest insects in the Philippines. Specifically, we tested the local-scale effects of rice stage, particularly seedling and late vegetative stages, and time of night on acoustic activity of bats foraging near ground level within three functional guilds (based on foraging distance from background clutter). We also monitored bat activity from two 50 m-high towers to assess the vertical extent of relatively low-flying guilds, as well as document high-flying bat guild presence and temporal behavior. At ground level, the most active guild biased their activity and feeding over early growth stage fields, but also foraged at tower level. Activity of the bat guild adept at foraging closest to vegetation did not vary with time of night or rice stage and was absent from tower recordings. High-flying bats were predictably rare at rice level, but exhibited high foraging intensity at 50 m. Given the well-documented, sequential arrival of insect guilds with growth stage, these data suggest that at ground level edge-space bats may be important consumers of detritivores (e.g., mosquitoes). Moreover, our data suggest that just as habitat heterogeneity enhances the services of arthropod predators, these management practices also enhance bat activity and, presumably, their contribution to pest suppression.
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Haddock JK, Threlfall CG, Law B, Hochuli DF. Responses of insectivorous bats and nocturnal insects to local changes in street light technology. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K. Haddock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; The University of Sydney; Heydon-Laurence Building, Science Road Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Caragh G. Threlfall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; The University of Sydney; Heydon-Laurence Building, Science Road Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- School of Ecosystem & Forest Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Richmond Victoria Australia
| | - Bradley Law
- NSW; Department Primary Industries; Parramatta New South Wales Australia
| | - Dieter F. Hochuli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; The University of Sydney; Heydon-Laurence Building, Science Road Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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Urbieta GL, Torres JM, Anjos EACD, Carvalho CME, Graciolli G. Parasitism of Bat Flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) on Bats in Urban Environments: Lower Prevalence, Infracommunities, and Specificity. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.2.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo L. Urbieta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Sistemática, Ecologia e Evolução (LSEE), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), 79090-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Jaire M. Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Elaine A. Carvalho Dos Anjos
- Bolsista CAPES - Proc. Number 1218-13-1, University of Manitoba,Biological Sciences Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Gustavo Graciolli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Sistemática, Ecologia e Evolução (LSEE), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), 79090-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Vlaschenko A, Kovalov V, Hukov V, Kravchenko K, Rodenko O. An example of ecological traps for bats in the urban environment. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-019-1252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Santini L, González‐Suárez M, Russo D, Gonzalez‐Voyer A, von Hardenberg A, Ancillotto L. One strategy does not fit all: determinants of urban adaptation in mammals. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:365-376. [PMID: 30575254 PMCID: PMC7379640 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Urbanisation exposes wildlife to new challenging conditions and environmental pressures. Some mammalian species have adapted to these novel environments, but it remains unclear which characteristics allow them to persist. To address this question, we identified 190 mammals regularly recorded in urban settlements worldwide, and used phylogenetic path analysis to test hypotheses regarding which behavioural, ecological and life history traits favour adaptation to urban environments for different mammalian groups. Our results show that all urban mammals produce larger litters; whereas other traits such as body size, behavioural plasticity and diet diversity were important for some but not all taxonomic groups. This variation highlights the idiosyncrasies of the urban adaptation process and likely reflects the diversity of ecological niches and roles mammals can play. Our study contributes towards a better understanding of mammal association to humans, which will ultimately allow the design of wildlife-friendly urban environments and contribute to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Santini
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute of Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Manuela González‐Suárez
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6ASUK
| | - Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research UnitDipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIvia Università 100I‐80055Portici, NapoliItaly
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez‐Voyer
- Instituto de EcologíaDepartamento de Ecología EvolutivaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad México04510México
| | - Achaz von Hardenberg
- Conservation Biology Research GroupDepartment of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChesterParkgate RoadChesterCH1 4BJUK
| | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research UnitDipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIvia Università 100I‐80055Portici, NapoliItaly
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Alpízar P, Rodríguez-Herrera B, Jung K. The effect of local land use on aerial insectivorous bats (Chiroptera) within the two dominating crop types in the Northern-Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210364. [PMID: 30645621 PMCID: PMC6333354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Land transformation into agricultural areas and the intensification of management practices represent two of the most devastating threats to biodiversity worldwide. Within this study, we investigated the effect of intensively managed agroecosystems on bat activity and species composition within two focal areas differing in landscape structure. We sampled bats via acoustic monitoring and insects with flight interception traps in banana and pineapple monoculture plantations and two nearby protected forested areas within the area of Sarapiquí, Costa Rica. Our results revealed that general occurrence and feeding activity of bats was higher above plantations compared to forested areas. We also recorded higher species richness at recording sites in plantations. This trend was especially strong within a fragmented landscape, with only four species recorded in forests, but 12 above pineapple plantations. Several bat species, however, occurred only once or twice above plantations, and forest specialist species such as Centronycteris centralis, Myotis riparius and Pteronotus mesoamericanus were only recorded at forest sites. Our results indicated, that mostly mobile open space and edge foraging bat species can use plantations as potential foraging habitat and might even take advantage of temporal insect outbreaks. However, forests are vital refugia for several species, including slower flying forest specialists, and thus a prerequisite to safeguard bat diversity within agricultural dominated landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Alpízar
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Bernal Rodríguez-Herrera
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Stronger together: Combining automated classifiers with manual post-validation optimizes the workload vs reliability trade-off of species identification in bat acoustic surveys. ECOL INFORM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jung K, Threlfall CG. Trait-dependent tolerance of bats to urbanization: a global meta-analysis. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181222. [PMID: 30135163 PMCID: PMC6125892 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is a severe threat to global biodiversity, often leading to taxonomic and functional homogenization. However, current urban ecology research has focused mostly on urban birds and plants, limiting our ability to make generalizations about the drivers of urban biodiversity globally. To address this gap, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 87 studies, including 180 bat species (Chiroptera) from urban areas in Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America. We aimed to (i) understand the importance of functional traits and phylogeny in driving changes in urban bat assemblages, and (ii) assess the capacity of traits for predicting which types of species are most sensitive to urbanization. Our results indicate that species-specific functional traits explain differences in the intensity of urban habitat use. Urban tolerance mainly occurred within the open and edge space foraging and trawling species as well as in bats with flexible roosting strategies. In addition, across bioregions and independent of phylogeny, urban tolerance correlated with higher aspect ratio, a trait enabling fast flight but less agile manoeuvres during aerial food acquisition. Predictive success varied between bioregions, between 43 and 83%. Our analysis demonstrates that the local extinction of bat species in urban areas is non-random, trait-based and predictable, allowing urban landscape managers to tailor local conservation actions to particular types of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Jung
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Caragh Grace Threlfall
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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A synthesis of ecological and evolutionary determinants of bat diversity across spatial scales. BMC Ecol 2018; 18:18. [PMID: 29890975 PMCID: PMC5996565 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diversity patterns result from ecological to evolutionary processes operating at different spatial and temporal scales. Species trait variation determine the spatial scales at which organisms perceive the environment. Despite this knowledge, the coupling of all these factors to understand how diversity is structured is still deficient. Here, we review the role of ecological and evolutionary processes operating across different hierarchically spatial scales to shape diversity patterns of bats—the second largest mammal order and the only mammals with real flight capability. Main body We observed that flight development and its provision of increased dispersal ability influenced the diversification, life history, geographic distribution, and local interspecific interactions of bats, differently across multiple spatial scales. Niche packing combined with different flight, foraging and echolocation strategies and differential use of air space allowed the coexistence among bats as well as for an increased diversity supported by the environment. Considering distinct bat species distributions across space due to their functional characteristics, we assert that understanding such characteristics in Chiroptera improves the knowledge on ecological processes at different scales. We also point two main knowledge gaps that limit progress on the knowledge on scale-dependence of ecological and evolutionary processes in bats: a geographical bias, showing that research on bats is mainly done in the New World; and the lack of studies addressing the mesoscale (i.e. landscape and metacommunity scales). Conclusions We propose that it is essential to couple spatial scales and different zoogeographical regions along with their functional traits, to address bat diversity patterns and understand how they are distributed across the environment. Understanding how bats perceive space is a complex task: all bats can fly, but their perception of space varies with their biological traits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0174-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Estrada-Villegas S, Halczok TK, Tschapka M, Page RA, Brändel SD, Hiller T. Bats and their Bat Flies: Community Composition and Host Specificity on a Pacific Island Archipelago. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.1.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Estrada-Villegas
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
- Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Colombia PCMCo. Carrera 10 # 65 - 63 - Oficina 201-3, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tanja K. Halczok
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 14, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rachel A. Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Stefan D. Brändel
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Hiller
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Kraker-Castañeda C, Santos-Moreno A, Lorenzo C, MacSwiney G. MC. Effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the variability of echolocation pulses of Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). BIOACOUSTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2018.1461685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Kraker-Castañeda
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico
- Unidad para el Conocimiento, Uso y Valoración de la Biodiversidad, Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (CECON), Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Antonio Santos-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Ecología Animal, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lorenzo
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico
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Bovo AADA, Magioli M, Percequillo AR, Kruszynski C, Alberici V, Mello MAR, Correa LS, Gebin JCZ, Ribeiro YGG, Costa FB, Ramos VN, Benatti HR, Lopes B, Martins MZA, Diniz-Reis TR, Camargo PBD, Labruna MB, Ferraz KMPMDB. Human-modified landscape acts as refuge for mammals in Atlantic Forest. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Human-modified landscapes (HMLs) are composed by small, isolated and defaunated forest fragments, which are surrounded by agricultural and urban areas. Information on species that thrives in these HMLs is essential to direct conservation strategies in local and regional scales. Since HMLs are dominant in the Atlantic Forest, we aimed to assess the mammalian diversity in a HML in southeastern Brazil and to propose conservation strategies. We collected data of terrestrial (small-, medium- and large-sized) and volant mammals in three small forest fragments (10, 14 and 26 ha) and adjacent areas, between 2003 and 2016, using complementary methods: active search, camera trapping, live-traps, mist nets and occasional records (i.e., roadkills). In addition, we used secondary data to complement our species list. We recorded 35 native mammal species (6 small-sized, 16 medium- and large-sized, and 13 bats) and seven exotic species in the HML. The recorded mammal assemblage (non-volant and volant), although mainly composed of common and generalist species, includes three medium- and large-sized species nationally threatened (Leopardus guttulus, Puma concolor and Puma yagouaroundi) and two data deficient species (Galictis cuja and Histiotus velatus), highlighting the importance of this HML for the maintenance and conservation of mammal populations. Despite highly impacted by anthropogenic disturbances, the study area harbors a significant richness of medium- and large-sized mammals, being an important biodiversity refuge in the region. However, this biodiversity is threatened by the low quality of the habitats, roadkills and abundant populations of domestic cats and dogs. Therefore, we stress the need of conservation strategies focusing on the medium- and large-sized mammals as an umbrella group, which could benefit all biodiversity in the landscape. We recommend actions that promotes biological restoration, aiming to increase structural composition and connectivity of the forest fragments, reducing roadkills and controlling the domestic cats and dogs' populations, in order to maintain and improve the diversity of mammals in long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cecilia Kruszynski
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Leibniz Institut fur Zoo und Wildtierforschung eV, Germany
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Uncovering the diversity of dog-faced bats of the genus Cynomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the redescription of C. milleri and the description of two new species. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Suarez-Rubio M, Ille C, Bruckner A. Insectivorous bats respond to vegetation complexity in urban green spaces. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3240-3253. [PMID: 29607021 PMCID: PMC5869212 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural complexity is known to determine habitat quality for insectivorous bats, but how bats respond to habitat complexity in highly modified areas such as urban green spaces has been little explored. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether a recently developed measure of structural complexity is as effective as field‐based surveys when applied to urban environments. We assessed whether image‐derived structural complexity (MIG) was as/more effective than field‐based descriptors in this environment and evaluated the response of insectivorous bats to structural complexity in urban green spaces. Bat activity and species richness were assessed with ultrasonic devices at 180 locations within green spaces in Vienna, Austria. Vegetation complexity was assessed using 17 field‐based descriptors and by calculating the mean information gain (MIG) using digital images. Total bat activity and species richness decreased with increasing structural complexity of canopy cover, suggesting maneuverability and echolocation (sensorial) challenges for bat species using the canopy for flight and foraging. The negative response of functional groups to increased complexity was stronger for open‐space foragers than for edge‐space foragers. Nyctalus noctula, a species foraging in open space, showed a negative response to structural complexity, whereas Pipistrellus pygmaeus, an edge‐space forager, was positively influenced by the number of trees. Our results show that MIG is a useful, time‐ and cost‐effective tool to measure habitat complexity that complemented field‐based descriptors. Response of insectivorous bats to structural complexity was group‐ and species‐specific, which highlights the need for manifold management strategies (e.g., increasing or reinstating the extent of ground vegetation cover) to fulfill different species’ requirements and to conserve insectivorous bats in urban green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Suarez-Rubio
- Institute of Zoology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christina Ille
- Institute of Zoology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Alexander Bruckner
- Institute of Zoology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna Austria
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Dias-Silva L, Duarte GT, Alves R, Pereira MJR, Paglia A. Feeding and social activity of insectivorous bats in a complex landscape: The importance of gallery forests and karst areas. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The brains of bats foraging at wastewater treatment works accumulate arsenic, and have low non-enzymatic antioxidant capacities. Neurotoxicology 2017; 69:232-241. [PMID: 29248512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing rates of urbanisation cause ubiquitous infrastructures that remove anthropogenic contaminants - particularly Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTWs) - to become stressed, and hence pollute surrounding water systems. Neoromicia nana bats are suitable models to study the effects of pollution in these environments because they exploit abundant pollutant-tolerant chironomid midges that breed at WWTWs, and consequently accumulate metals such as iron, copper and zinc in their livers and kidneys. If these metals persist in their circulatory systems, and cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) they can have adverse effects on critical functions such as flight and echolocation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential neurological effects on N. nana foraging at WWTWs versus bats at reference sites in Durban, South Africa. Our objectives were to 1) compare trace metal levels in brain and hair samples (as a proxy for circulating metals) between N. nana foraging at WWTWs and reference sites to determine if excess metals pass through the BBB via the circulatory system; and 2) compare biomarkers of neuron function (acetylcholinesterase activity), protection (antioxidant capacity), DNA integrity (DNA fragmentation), lipid integrity (lipid peroxidation) and cell viability (caspase-3 activity) between N. nana foraging at WWTW and reference sites. We found a significantly higher concentration of arsenic in hair (p < 0.05) and brain tissue (p < 0.1) of WWTW bats compared to bats at reference sites. By contrast, acetylcholinesterase activity did not differ in bats among sites and there was no evidence of significant differences in lipid peroxidation, compromised DNA integrity or apoptosis in the brains between WWTW bats and reference site bats. However, total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in brains of WWTW bats than bats at reference sites suggesting that antioxidant protection may be compromised. Long-term exposure to environmental pollutants at WWTWs may therefore affect cellular processes and protection mechanisms in brains of N. nana bats. It may also affect other mechanisms and functions in the brain such as mitochondrial efficiency and other neurotransmitters but that remains to be tested.
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García-Luis M, Briones-Salas M. Composición y actividad de la comunidad de murciélagos artropodívoros en parques eólicos del trópico mexicano. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Silva CR, Bernard E. Bioacoustics as an Important Complementary Tool in Bat Inventories in the Caatinga Drylands of Brazil. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.2.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Enrico Bernard
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil
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