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Ogrodowczyk AM, Jeż M, Wróblewska B. The Manifold Bioactivity and Immunoreactivity of Microbial Proteins of Cow and Human Mature Milk in Late Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192605. [PMID: 36230344 PMCID: PMC9558504 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The debate over the validity and benefits of breastfeeding children after the age of 1 and the superiority of human over cow’s milk is still ongoing. The recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding as a complementary food source for 1 year or longer, seems justified under many circumstances. The microbiological parameters of the milk play a vital role in this respect. So far, the focus has been on the qualitative profile of the microbiota, bacterial interactions with milk compounds, and the metabolites produced by bacteria. However, the role of bacterial proteins in milk, according to the authors’ knowledge, has been analyzed. It is reported that due to the disruption of the regulatory axis of the immune system in the course of hypersensitivity, organisms may give rise to decreased IgA-mediated (physiological) and increased IgE-mediated (hypersensitive) responses even to host gut microbiota proteins. In this publication, the aim was to compare whether the bacterial proteins in the mature human milk of late lactation and cow’s milk of different breeds can determine the different immunoreactive and bioactive properties of milk. Abstract (1) Human milk (HM) is a source of many microorganisms, whose structure contains microbial protein (MP). In addition to the known health-promoting properties of HM, many activities, including immunoreactivity, may result from the presence of MP. Cow’s milk (CM)-derived MP may be 10 times more abundant than MP derived from HM. (2) Raw cow’s milk samples of Holstein and Jersey breeds, commercially available pasteurized milk, and milk from three human donors in the late lactation phase were subjected to chemical and microbiological analyzes. Microorganisms from the milk material were recovered, cultured, and their activities were tested. MPs were extracted and their immunoreactivity was tested with human high IgE pooled sera. The milk types were subjected to simulated digestion. Milk and microbial proteins were identified with LCMS and subjected to an in silico analysis of their activities. Their antioxidant potential was analysed with the DPPH method. (3) The MP of HM shows a stronger IgE and IgG immunoreactivity in the tests with human sera compared to the MP of CM (p = 0.001; p = 0.02, respectively). There were no significant differences between the microbes in the MP of different cattle breeds. The MS-identification and in silico tests of milk and microbial proteins confirmed the presence of MP with immunoreactivity and antioxidant potential. (4) MPs possess a broad bioactive effect, which was determined by an in silico tools. The balance between an MP’s individual properties probably determines the raw material’s safety, which undoubtedly requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ogrodowczyk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-523-46-57
| | - Maja Jeż
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Wróblewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Li J, Tang L, Wang P, Li G, Jin H, Mo Z. Identification and application of T3SS translocation signal in Edwardsiella piscicida attenuated carrier as a bivalent vaccine. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:513-520. [PMID: 33682163 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Type III secretion system (T3SS)-dependent translocation has been used to deliver heterologous antigens by vaccine carriers into host cells. In this research, we identified the translocation signal of Edwardsiella piscicida T3SS effector EseG and constructed an antibiotic resistance-free balanced-lethal system as attenuated vaccine carrier to present antigens by T3SS. Edwardsiella piscicida LSE40 asd gene deletion mutant was constructed and complemented with pYA3342 harbouring the asd (aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene from Salmonella. Fusion proteins composed of EseG N-terminal 1-108 amino acids and the TEM1-β-lactamase reporter were inserted in plasmid pYA3342. The fusion protein could secrete into the cell culture, translocate into HeLa cells, and localize in the membrane fraction. Then, the double gene deletion mutant LSE40ΔasdΔpurA was constructed as an attenuated vaccine carrier, and Aeromonas hydrophila GapA (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) was fused with the translocation signal, instead of the TEM1-β-lactamase reporter. The bivalent vaccine could protect blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) against E. piscicida and A. hydrophila, with the relative per cent survival of 80.77% and 63.83%, respectively. These results indicated that EseG N-terminal 1-108 amino acid peptide was the translocation signal of E. piscicida T3SS, which could be used to construct bivalent vaccines based on an attenuated E. piscicida carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengmei Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guiyang Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huaiyuan Jin
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Aquaculture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaolan Mo
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Thu Nguyen TT, Nguyen HT, Wang YT, Wang PC, Chen SC. α-Enolase as a novel vaccine candidate against Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection in cobia (Rachycentron canadum L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:899-907. [PMID: 31765793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae is an important pathogenic bacterium that has caused economic loss for the cobia industry in Taiwan, ROC. This study presents a highly effective subunit vaccine composed of a moonlight protein, α-enolase, for the prevention of S. dysgalactiae infection. First, α-enolase was cloned, transformed, and expressed in E. coli for production of recombinant protein. Then, the protective efficacies of α-enolase recombinant protein were evaluated in combination with either a pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, or an oil adjuvant, ISA 763 AVG. The results showed that the combination of α-enolase and ISA 763 AVG was highly protective (RPS = 88.89%), while a negative effect was found in the group immunised with α-enolase adjuvanted with TNF-α (RPS = 22.22%). A further study was conducted with double dose of ISA 763 AVG, which led to an increased RPS value of 97.37%. Moreover, immunised cobia exhibited significantly greater lysozyme activity, antibody responses, and expression of certain immune-related genes post-challenge. Altogether, our results demonstrated that a combination of α-enolase recombinant protein with ISA 763 AVG adjuvant is a promising vaccine that can be employed for protection of cobia against S. dysgalactiae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hai Trong Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC; Southern Taiwan Fish Disease Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Fish Vaccines and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC; Southern Taiwan Fish Disease Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Fish Vaccines and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Ma Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, Jia L, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhang Y. An attenuated Vibrio harveyi surface display of envelope protein VP28 to be protective against WSSV and vibriosis as an immunoactivator for Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:195-202. [PMID: 31604149 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface display can expose foreign antigenic protein on the surface of the vaccine vector, which is promising choice to elicit better immune responses. In this study, we apply this strategy to develop an immunoactivator by using a live attenuated Vibrio harveyi as an antigenic protein carrier with surface displayed VP28, a major envelope protein of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), for two major pathogens of Litopenaeus vannamei. As a result, the immunoactivator showed self-limited growth and attenuation of virulence in shrimp via different inoculation routes either with single-repetitive dose or high dose. Moreover, either intramuscular injection or oral administration of the immunoactivator did not affect growth of shrimp body weight or cause pathologic changes. Additionally, the rapid immunoprotection was induced by the immunoactivator after administration for one week with highly relative percent survival (RPS) more than 90% against both V. harveyi and WSSV. Until 4 weeks post administration, the immunoactivator still possessed efficient immune effect with no less than 60% RPS for both pathogens. Totally, the attenuated V. harveyi surface displaying VP28 could be a potential immunoactivator for WSSV and vibriosis control in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mariculture Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yabo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Tianjin Bohai Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Tianjin, 300221, China.
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mariculture Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mariculture Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mariculture Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Razim A, Pacyga K, Aptekorz M, Martirosian G, Szuba A, Pawlak-Adamska E, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Myc A, Gamian A, Górska S. Epitopes identified in GAPDH from Clostridium difficile recognized as common antigens with potential autoimmunizing properties. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13946. [PMID: 30224677 PMCID: PMC6141484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile (CD) infections are a growing threat due to the strain resistance to antibiotic treatment and the emergence of hypervirulent strains. One solution to this problem is the search for new vaccine antigens, preferably surface-localized that will be recognized by antibodies at an early stage of colonization. The purpose of the study was to assess the usefulness of novel immunoreactive surface proteins (epitopes) as potential vaccine antigens. Such approach might be tough to pursue since pathogens have acquired strategies to subvert adaptive immune response to produce humoral response against non-essential proteins for their survival. In this study CD surface proteins were isolated, immunoreactive proteins identified and mapped to select potential epitopes. The results of the study exclude the use of CD glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a vaccine antigen, especially as a whole protein. Sequences P9 (201AAGNIVPNTTGAAKAI218) and P10 (224KGKLDGAAQRVPVVTG241) recognized by patients sera are conserved and widespread among CD strains. They show cross-reactivity with sera of people suffering from other bacterial infections and are recognized by sera of autoimmune disease patients. Our study documents that special care in analyzing the sequence of new epitope should be taken to avoid side effects prior to consider it as a vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Razim
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Pacyga
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Aptekorz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Gayane Martirosian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Division of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Military Hospital in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Pawlak-Adamska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Therapy, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Myc
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Research Associate Scientist Emeritus, University of Michigan, Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sabina Górska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Wroclaw, Poland
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Thu Nguyen TT, Nguyen HT, Vu-Khac H, Wang PC, Chen SC. Identification of protective protein antigens for vaccination against Streptococcus dysgalactiae in cobia (Rachycentron canadum). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:88-96. [PMID: 29859310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae is considered a causative agent of severe infection and economic loss for the cobia industry in Taiwan. In this study, protective antigens of this pathogenic bacterium were identified and screened in cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Outer surface proteins (OMPs) of this pathogen were extracted using mutanolysin digestion. Immunogenic targets were detected by western blot and then subjected to peptide sequencing using NanoLC-MS/MS. Two surface proteins, namely phosphoenolpyruvate protein phosphotransferase (PtsA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), showed strong reactions with cobia antisera against S. dysgalactiae. Recombinant proteins were produced in Escherichia coli cells and their protective efficacies were investigated in cobia. Fish immunised with recombinant proteins, rPtsA + ISA (ISA 763 AVG) and rGAPDH + ISA, elicited higher levels of specific antibody responses against the recombinant proteins and had high levels of lysozyme activity. Notably, vaccinated fish were protected from lethal challenge with relative percentage of survival (RPS) values for rPtsA + ISA and rGAPDH + ISA groups being 91.67% and 83.33%, while 0% RPS value was found in both ISA injected and control groups. The results presented in the study demonstrate that the GAPDH and PtsA are promising vaccine candidates for preventing S. dysgalactiae disease in cobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Hai Trong Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Hung Vu-Khac
- Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, km 4, 2/4 St., Vinh Hoa, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Xing J, Li P, Tang X, Zhan W. Recombinant Hsp33 and OmpC protein can serve as promising divalent vaccine with protection against Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella tarda in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:341-348. [PMID: 29309834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella tarda are severe aquaculture pathogens shared similar epidemiological characteristics and susceptible to flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In our previous studies, recombinant(r) protein heat shock protein 33 (rHsp33) from V. anguillarum and outer membrane protein C (rOmpC) from E. tarda were proved to have protection against V. anguillarum and E. tarda, respectively. In this paper, the cross protection of rHsp33 against E. tarda and rOmpC against V. anguillarum, and the protection of divalent vaccine candidate (rHsp33 + rOmpC, rHC) against both V. anguillarum and E. tarda were evaluated. RHC, rHsp33, and rOmpC were vaccinated to flounder, respectively, and the percentages of surface immunoglobulin-positive (sIg+) cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), serum IgM, specific antibodies against V. anguillarum or E. tarda, specific antibodies against rHsp33, rOmpC or rHC, the expression of immune-related genes and relative percent survival (RPS) against V. anguillarum or E. tarda were measured. The results showed that: RHC could induced the enhancement of sIg + cells and high levels of specific antibodies against both V. anguillarm and E. tarda; Also a significant increase of specific antibodies against rHsp33, rOmpC or rHC, and up-regulation of gene expression of CD3, CD4-1, CD4-2, CD8α, CD8β and IgM in spleen, head-kidney, and hindgut, RPS of 70 ± 3.45% against V. anguillarum and 60 ± 1.48% against E. tarda, respectively. In addition, rHsp33 induced specific antibodies against E. tarda and rOmpC, and had a RPS of 43.3 ± 3.73% against E. tarda; rOmpC could evoke specific antibodies against V. anguillarum and rHsp33, and had a RPS of 44 ± 1.27% against V. anguillarm; The results demonstrated that there was cross protection of rHsp33 against E. tarda and rOmpC against V. anguillarum, rHC as a divalent vaccine can induce significant immune response and efficient protection against both E. tarda and V. anguillarum in flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Pengwei Li
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao, PR China.
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Puentes B, Balado M, Bermúdez-Crespo J, Osorio CR, Lemos ML. A proteomic analysis of the iron response of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae reveals metabolic adaptations to iron levels changes and novel potential virulence factors. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:257-264. [PMID: 28284618 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is a marine bacterium that can infect numerous species of marine fish as well as other species including humans. Low iron availability is one of the signs that bacterial pathogens can detect in order to begin colonizing their host, and the reduction of iron levels is a nonspecific host defense strategy that prevents bacterial proliferation. In this work a proteomic approach was used to study the gene expression adaptations of a Pdd strain in response to iron availability. A comparative analysis of induced proteins in both high- and low-iron conditions showed profound cellular metabolic adaptations that result, for instance, in amino acid requirement. It also provided important information about the changes that occur in the energetic metabolism induced by the surrounding iron levels, allowing for the identification of novel potential virulence factors. Among others, genes involved in the synthesis and transport of a vibrioferrin-like siderophore were identified for the first time. In addition to plasmid pPHDD1-encoded Dly and HlyA hemolysins, a pPHDD1-borne operon, which may encode a transferrin receptor, was also found. This operon identification suggests that this virulence plasmid could encode so-far unknown additional virulence factors other than hemolysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Puentes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Miguel Balado
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - José Bermúdez-Crespo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Carlos R Osorio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
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9
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Górska S, Dylus E, Rudawska A, Brzozowska E, Srutkova D, Schwarzer M, Razim A, Kozakova H, Gamian A. Immunoreactive Proteins of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCM 7952 and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCDM 372 Identified by Gnotobiotic Mono-Colonized Mice Sera, Immune Rabbit Sera and Non-immune Human Sera. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1537. [PMID: 27746766 PMCID: PMC5040718 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bifidobacteria show great diversity in the cell surface architecture which may influence the physicochemical properties of the bacterial cell and strain specific properties. The immunomodulatory role of bifidobacteria has been extensively studied, however studies on the immunoreactivity of their protein molecules are very limited. Here, we compared six different methods of protein isolation and purification and we report identification of immunogenic and immunoreactive protein of two human Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum strains. We evaluated potential immunoreactive properties of proteins employing polyclonal sera obtained from germ free mouse, rabbit and human. The protein yield was isolation method-dependent and the reactivity of proteins detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting was heterogeneous and varied between different serum samples. The proteins with the highest immunoreactivity were isolated, purified and have them sequenced. Among the immunoreactive proteins we identified enolase, aspartokinase, pyruvate kinase, DnaK (B. longum ssp. longum CCM 7952) and sugar ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, phosphoglycerate kinase, peptidoglycan synthethase penicillin-binding protein 3, transaldolase, ribosomal proteins and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (B. longum ssp. longum CCDM 372).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Górska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Dylus
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Rudawska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzozowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Razim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
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Perez-Casal J, Potter AA. Glyceradehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a suitable vaccine candidate for protection against bacterial and parasitic diseases. Vaccine 2015; 34:1012-7. [PMID: 26686572 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-P-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been identified as having other properties in addition to its key role in glycolysis. The ability of GAPDH to bind to numerous extracellular matrices, modulation of host-immune responses, a role in virulence and surface location has prompted numerous investigators to postulate that GAPDH may be a good vaccine candidate for protection against numerous pathogens. Although immune responses against GAPDH have been described for many microorganisms, vaccines containing GAPDH have been successfully tested in few cases including those against the trematode-Schistosoma mansoni, the helminth-Enchinococcus multilocularis; the nematode filaria- Litomosoides sigmodontis; fish pathogens such as Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., Edwarsiella spp., and Streptococcus iniae; and environmental streptococci, namely, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Before GAPDH-based vaccines are considered viable options for protection against numerous pathogens, we need to take into account the homology between the host and pathogen GAPDH proteins to prevent potential autoimmune reactions, thus protective GAPDH epitopes unique to the pathogen protein must be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Perez-Casal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Rd. , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Andrew A Potter
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Rd. , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada
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11
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Whitworth DE, Morgan BH. Synergism Between Bacterial GAPDH and OMVs: Disparate Mechanisms but Co-Operative Action. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1231. [PMID: 26617577 PMCID: PMC4637417 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David E Whitworth
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Bethan H Morgan
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
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Sun Z, Shen B, Wu H, Zhou X, Wang Q, Xiao J, Zhang Y. The secreted fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase as a broad spectrum vaccine candidate against pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:638-647. [PMID: 26256425 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of aquaculture has been hampered by different aquatic pathogens that can cause edwardsiellosis, vibriosis, or other diseases. Therefore, developing a broad spectrum vaccine against different fish diseases is necessary. In this study, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), a conserved enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, was demonstrated to be located in the non-cytoplasmic components of five aquatic pathogenic bacteria and exhibited remarkable protection and cross-protection against these pathogens in turbot and zebrafish. Further analysis revealed that sera sampled from vaccinated turbot had a high level of specific antibody and bactericidal activity against these pathogens. Meanwhile, the increased expressions of immune response-related genes associated with antigen recognition and presentation indicated that the adaptive immune response was effectively aroused. Taken together, our results suggest that FBA can be utilized as a broad-spectrum vaccine against various pathogenic bacteria of aquaculture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Binbing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mariculture Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingfan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mariculture Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mariculture Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Muniraj IK, Uthandi SK, Hu Z, Xiao L, Zhan X. Microbial lipid production from renewable and waste materials for second-generation biodiesel feedstock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2015.1018340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iniya Kumar Muniraj
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siva Kumar Uthandi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Zhenhu Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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14
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Jiang Y, Liu W, Cheng T, Cao Y, Zhang R, Xian M. Characterization of D-xylonate dehydratase YjhG from Escherichia coli. Bioengineered 2015; 6:227-32. [PMID: 26083940 PMCID: PMC4601382 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
D-xylonate dehydratase YjhG from Escherichia coli can convert D-xylonate into 2-keto-3-deoxy- D-xylonate (KDX), and is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of 1,2,4-butanetriol and other chemicals. However, the biochemical properties of YjhG still remain unknown. In this study, the activity assay method for YjhG was established based on semicarbazide method, in which KDX reacts with semicarbazide reagent, and is further quantified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The effect of reaction conditions on YjhG activity was determined in vitro using purified His-tagged YjhG protein. This enzyme showed maximal activity at 30°C and pH 8.0. Bivalent metal ions such as Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) activated, whereas Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) inhibited the activity of YjhG. Under optimal conditions, the Km and Vmax values were 4.88 mM and 78.62 μM l(-1)h(-1), respectively, when using D-xylonate as a substrate. Amino acids sequence alignments and catalytic properties analysis revealed that YjhG might be a member of IlvD/EDD family. Results obtained in this study may lay a foundation for further investigation on YjhG and will benefit its application in biosynthesis of related chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao, China
| | - Yujin Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao, China
| | - Rubing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao, China
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15
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Yu L, Fan Z, Ma J, Tong C, Song B, Zhu Z, Cui Y. Cross-protective effect of a novel multi-antigen-chimeric vaccine against Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1732-1740. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.073593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal and streptococcal species are the most common pathogens that cause bovine mastitis. Induction of a broad-spectrum protective immunity against staphylococci and streptococci by combining multiple antigens into a single vaccine is highlighted. To develop a universal vaccine candidate, a GapC1-tIsdB-TRAP (GIT) construct was generated. The GIT contained the truncated GapC from Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and truncated IsdB and full-length TRAP from Staphylococcus aureus. The humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by GIT were evaluated in mice. Antibody levels against GIT displayed a consistent tendency with antibody levels against GapC, IsdB and TRAP. The level of IFN-γ was higher in the GIT group than in the IsdB group (P<0.05), and the level of IL-4 was higher in the GIT group than in the GapC or TRAP groups (P<0.05). The GIT group showed an improved protection against Streptococcus in comparison with GapC group. A significant difference in S. aureus challenge test was detected between the GIT group and the IsdB or TRAP groups (P<0.05) in per cent survival of mice, and a synergistic immunoprotection against S. aureus or S. dysgalactiae was produced in the GIT group. These results suggested that the GIT would be a promising common vaccine candidate against S. aureus and Streptococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Yu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Ziyao Fan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Chunyu Tong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Baifen Song
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Yudong Cui
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
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Koh CMJ, Liu Y, Moehninsi, Du M, Ji L. Molecular characterization of KU70 and KU80 homologues and exploitation of a KU70-deficient mutant for improving gene deletion frequency in Rhodosporidium toruloides. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:50. [PMID: 25188820 PMCID: PMC4101874 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rhodosporidium toruloides is a β-carotenoid accumulating, oleaginous yeast that has great biotechnological potential. The lack of reliable and efficient genetic manipulation tools have been a major hurdle blocking its adoption as a biotechnology platform. Results We report for the first time the development of a highly efficient targeted gene deletion method in R. toruloides ATCC 10657 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. To further improve targeting frequency, the KU70 and KU80 homologs in R. toruloides were isolated and characterized in detail. A KU70-deficient mutant (∆ku70e) generated with the hygromycin selection cassette removed by the Cre-loxP recombination system showed a dramatically improved targeted gene deletion frequency, with over 90% of the transformants being true knockouts when homology sequence length of at least 1 kb was used. Successful gene targeting could be made with homologous flanking sequences as short as 100 bp in the ∆ku70e strain. KU70 deficiency did not perturb cell growth although an elevated sensitivity to DNA mutagenic agents was observed. Compared to the other well-known oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, R. toruloides KU70/KU80 genes contain much higher density of introns and are the most GC-rich KU70/KU80 genes reported. Conclusions The KU70-deficient mutant generated herein was effective in improving gene deletion frequency and allowed shorter homology sequences to be used for gene targeting. It retained the key oleaginous and fast growing features of R. toruloides. The strain should facilitate both fundamental and applied studies in this important yeast, with the approaches taken here likely to be applicable in other species in subphylum Pucciniomycotina.
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17
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Ho LP, Chang CJ, Liu HC, Yang HL, Lin JHY. Evaluating the protective efficacy of antigen combinations against Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida infections in cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:51-62. [PMID: 24206018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cobia, Rachycentron canadum L., is a very important aquatic fish that faces the risk of infection with the bacterial pathogen Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida, and there are few protective approaches available that use multiple antigens. In the present study, potent bivalent antigens from P. damselae ssp. piscicida showed more efficient protection than did single antigens used in isolation. In preparations of three antigens that included recombinant heat shock protein 60 (rHSP60), recombinant α-enolase (rENOLASE) and recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (rGAPDH), we analysed the doses that elicited the best immune responses and found that this occurred at a total of 30 μg of antigen per fish. Subsequently, vaccination of fish with rHSP60, rENOLASE and rGAPDH achieved 46.9, 52 and 25% relative per cent survival (RPS), respectively. In addition, bivalent subunit vaccines--combination I (rHSP60 + rENOLASE), combination II (rENOLASE + rGAPDH) and combination III (rHSP60 + rGAPDH)--were administered and the RPS in these groups (65.6, 64.0 and 48.4%, respectively), was higher than that achieved with single-antigen administration. Finally, in combination IV, the trivalent vaccine rHSP60 + rENOLASE + rGAPDH, the RPS was 1.6%. Taken together, our results suggest that combinations of two antigens may achieve a better efficiency than monovalent or trivalent antigens, and this may provide new insights into pathogen prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Ho
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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18
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Wang Y, Yang W, Wang Q, Qu J, Zhang Y. Presenting a foreign antigen on live attenuated Edwardsiella tarda using twin-arginine translocation signal peptide as a multivalent vaccine. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:710-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Xu L, Wang H, Yang X, Lu L. Integrated pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics parameters-based dosing guidelines of enrofloxacin in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella to minimize selection of drug resistance. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:126. [PMID: 23800340 PMCID: PMC3717066 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance has become a serious global problem and is steadily increasing worldwide in almost every bacterial species treated with antibiotics. In aquaculture, the therapeutic options for the treatment of A. hydrophila infection were only limited to several antibiotics, which contributed for the fast-speed emergence of drug tolerance. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to establish a medication regimen to prevent drug resistant bacteria. To determine a rational therapeutic guideline, integrated pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics parameters were based to predict dose and dosage interval of enrofloxacin in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella infected by a field-isolated A. hydrophila strain. RESULTS The pathogenic A. hydrophila strain (AH10) in grass carp was identified and found to be sensitive to enrofloxacin. The mutant selection window (MSW) of enrofloxacin on isolate AH10 was determined to be 0.5-3 μg/mL based on the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. By using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, the Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in grass carp were monitored after a single oral gavage of 10, 20, 30 μg enrofloxacin per g body weight. Dosing of 30 μg/g resulted in serum maximum concentration (Cmax) of 7.151 μg/mL, and concentration in serum was above MPC till 24 h post the single dose. Once-daily dosing of 30 μg/g was determined to be the rational choice for controlling AH10 infection and preventing mutant selection in grass carp. Data of mean residue time (MRT) and body clearance (CLz) indicated that both enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin present similar eliminating rate and pattern in serum, muscle and liver. A withdraw time of more than 32 d was suggested based on the drug eliminating rate and pharmacokinetic model described by a polyexponential equation. CONCLUSIONS Based on integrated PK/PD parameters (AUC/MIC, Cmax/MIC, and T>MPC), the results of this study established a principle, for the first time, on drawing accurate dosing guideline for pharmacotherapy against A. hydrophila strain (AH10) for prevention of drug-resistant mutants. Our approach in combining PK data with PD parameters (including MPC and MSW) was the new effort in aquaculture to face the challenge of drug resistance by drawing a specific dosage guideline of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
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Yu J, Wang C, Hu Y, Dong Y, Wang Y, Tu X, Peng H, Zhang X. Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the marine α-amylase AmyP. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:263-6. [PMID: 23519800 PMCID: PMC3606570 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113001693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AmyP is a raw-starch-degrading α-amylase newly identified from a marine metagenome library. It shares low sequence similarity with characterized glycoside hydrolases and was classified into a new subfamily of GH13. In particular, it showed preferential degradation to raw rice starch. Full-length AmyP was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, then purified and crystallized in the presence of its substrate analogue β-cyclodextrin. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 2.1 Å. The crystal belonged to space group P2₁2₁2, with unit-cell parameters a=129.824, b=215.534, c=79.699 Å, α=β=γ=90°, and was estimated to contain two molecules in one asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjin Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanqiu Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, People’s Republic of China
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Liang S, Wu H, Liu B, Xiao J, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Immune response of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) to a broad spectrum vaccine candidate, recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Edwardsiella tarda. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 150:198-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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