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Shil A, Banerjee A, Roy J, Pal M, Das D, Paul R, Maji BK, Sikdar Nee Bhakta M. The potential antibacterial effects of tea polyphenols. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2024:dmdi-2024-0058. [PMID: 39263725 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2024-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The current review of tea and its parts is focused on the antibacterial properties, considering the possible applications and modes of action against bacterial illnesses. It shows the backdrop of antibiotic resistance and the huge demand for antibacterial treatments out there. From the interactions with bacterial components, the theory presented that tea polyphenols are antibacterial and therefore would be a substitute or supplementary therapy to the usual antibiotics. The study highlighted the role of tea polyphenols as potential antibacterial compounds that may interact with various bacterial components and different polyphenolic compounds occurring in tea. Future research directions may be directed toward testing more plant-based sources for antibacterial properties, in vivo validation of the studies, and possible synergistic effects with classical antibiotics. By addressing the controversies and disagreements involved, the present understanding of the topic of tea's antibacterial properties and enable the entry of new ways for fighting microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. In conclusion, this review adds to the growing body of evidence regarding the antimicrobial properties of tea and emphasizes the need for further studies that will allow the full exploitation of its therapeutic potential for countering the rising problem of antibiotic resistance in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shil
- Department of Physiology, Harimohan Ghose College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayati Roy
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Manisha Pal
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasmita Das
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajarshi Paul
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Mausumi Sikdar Nee Bhakta
- Department of Life Sciences, Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics Laboratory, Physiology Unit, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Hieu NV, Vinh LB, Phong NV, Cong PV, Dat NT, Dan NV, Duc NV, Tao HM, Tam LT, Anh LT, Cuong NC, Tai BH, Yang SY, Tuan Anh HL. Two New Steroidal Saponins with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects from the Aerial Parts of Gnetum formosum Markgr. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2100. [PMID: 39124219 PMCID: PMC11314289 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Gnetum formosum Markgr., a member of the Gnetaceae family, is distributed in Vietnam. This plant remains a botanical enigma with an unexplored diversity of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. In this study, two new steroidal saponins, namely gnetumosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of G. formosum. Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques, including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and NMR, along with chemical hydrolysis and comparison with the reported literature. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage cells. Notably, compound 1 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 14.10 ± 0.75 µM), comparable to dexamethasone. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying the observed anti-inflammatory effects were investigated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins. This study is the first to investigate the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of G. formosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Van Hieu
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (L.B.V.); (N.V.P.); (B.H.T.)
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (L.B.V.); (N.V.P.); (B.H.T.)
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Van Cong
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Nguyen Tien Dat
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Nguyen Van Dan
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Ngo Viet Duc
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Hoang Minh Tao
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Le Thi Tam
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Le Tuan Anh
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Cao Cuong
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Yersin University, Da Lat 66100, Vietnam;
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (L.B.V.); (N.V.P.); (B.H.T.)
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
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Kamal MV, Pai SRK, Hari G, Priya K, Godkhindi VM, Pai A, Dikhit PS, Belle VS. In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity and In Vivo Antiproliferative Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Bunium bulbocastanum Seed Against Prostatic Neoplasia. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, INDIA SECTION B: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-024-01583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/14/2024]
Abstract
AbstractSeveral in vitro investigations of the therapeutic characteristics of B. bulbocastanum have shown that it has cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial effects. It also exhibits antioxidant and anticancer effects. When the ethyl acetate fraction of B. bulbocastanum was examined for its phytochemical composition, it was found to be rich in phenolic compounds and had significant cytotoxic effects on PC-3 cell lines. The prostate length-to-weight ratio was significantly higher in vivo in the ethyl acetate fraction-treated group. Compared to the disease control group, histopathological examination of the ethyl acetate-treated group revealed a reduction in inflammation and malignant lesions, confirming its antiproliferative efficacy. According to serum biochemistry, acid phosphatase and PSA levels in the ethyl acetate fraction treatment group were significantly lower than those in the disease control group. When compared to the disease control group, malondialdehyde levels in the ethyl acetate fraction treatment group were likewise reduced dramatically. However, in the group treated with the ethyl acetate fraction, glutathione levels increased considerably. The ethyl acetate fraction of B. bulbocastanum may have cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Abdel-Kader MS, Saeedan AS, Rehman NU, Faqihi HM, Soliman GA. New flavonoids with multiple bronchodilator activity pathways from Tephrosia purpurea L. (Pers.) growing in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101992. [PMID: 38435847 PMCID: PMC10906533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Total extract of Tephrosia purpurea (T. purpurea) expressed potent ex-vivo bronchodilator effect in isolated Guinea pigs' tracheal muscles. Fractionation of T. purpurea total extract (TPTE) using liquid-liquid technique followed by ex-vivo bronchodilator testing indicated that the activity was trapped to the chloroform (CHCl3) soluble fraction. Phytochemical study of the CHCl3 fraction guided by ex-vivo bronchodilator activity led to the isolation of 7 active flavones of which compounds 1 (epi-Tephroapollin G), 3 (Acetyltephroapollin C), 4 (4''-Dehydroxytephroapollin E), and 5 (epi-Tephroapollin F) were new. Structures were identified using relevant spectroscopic tools including optical rotations and CD data. Compounds 1, 3, 4 and lanceolatin A (6) behaved like papaverine by inhibiting carbachol (CCh) as well as high potassium (K+)-mediated contractions at equivalent concentrations with varied potencies whereas (-)-Tephroapollin G (2) selectively inhibited CCh-mediated contractions but was not found active against high K+. epi-Tephroapollin F (5) and (-)-Pseudosemiglabrin (7) in contrast were significantly more potent to abolish CCh induced contraction when compared with high K+ similar to dicyclomine. Papaverine like dual phosphodiesterase enzyme Ca++ ion inhibitory activities of 1, 3, 4 and 6 were confirmed indirectly by the bolster of the isoprenaline curves against CCh to the left whereas Ca++ inhibitory effect of 1 and 3-7 was confirmed by the rightward deflection of Ca++ concentration-response curves (CRCs) towards right with quashing of the maximum response in same fashion like verapamil. Moreover, compounds 2, 5 and 7 at lower concentrations showed selective blockade of muscarinic receptor similar to atropine. Oral administration of the TPTE, CHCl3 and 7 to guinea pigs significantly protected against bronchospasm induced by 0.2 % histamine aerosol in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged S. Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz S. Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeeb U. Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Faqihi
- Faqihi Commercial Institution, Ahad Al Masariha Governorate, Jizan 86646-6442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Harwansh RK, Bhati H, Deshmukh R. Recent Updates on the Therapeutics Benefits, Clinical Trials, and Novel Delivery Systems of Chlorogenic Acid for the Management of Diseases with a Special Emphasis on Ulcerative Colitis. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:420-439. [PMID: 38299405 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128295753240129074035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial disorder of the large intestine, especially the colon, and has become a challenge globally. Allopathic medicines are primarily available for the treatment and prevention of UC. However, their uses are limited due to several side effects. Hence, an alternative therapy is of utmost importance in this regard. Herbal medicines are considered safe and effective for managing human health problems. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), the herbal-derived bioactive, has been reported for pharmacological effects like antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, etc. This review aims to understand the antiinflammatory and chemopreventive potential of CGA against UC. Apart from its excellent therapeutic potential, it has been associated with low absorption and poor oral bioavailability. In this context, colon-specific novel drug delivery systems (NDDS)are pioneering to overcome these problems. The pertinent literature was compiled from a thorough search on various databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., utilizing numerous keywords, including ulcerative colitis, herbal drugs, CGA, pharmacological activities, mechanism of actions, nanoformulations, clinical updates, and many others. Relevant publications accessed till now were chosen, whereas non-relevant papers, unpublished data, and non-original articles were excluded. The present review comprises recent studies on pharmacological activities and novel drug delivery systems of CGA for managing UC. In addition, the clinical trials of CGA against UC have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit K Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Hemant Bhati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
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6
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Zou G, Li L, Gao L, Zhou Y, Ma Z, Hu Z. Goniothalamin prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and inflammation via TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23461. [PMID: 37477137 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Goniothalamin (GTN) is a natural compound isolated from Goniothalamus species. It is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. However, there is a paucity of scientific data about its toxicity. This study investigated GTN's anti-inflammatory mechanism and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice. Mice were distributed into four groups and injected with GTN intraperitoneally (Dosage-50 and 100 mg/kg). We analyzed the wet/dry weight ratio, infiltrated inflammatory cell count, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histopathological changes in the lung tissues of the mice. Results revealed GTN alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in mice. Western Blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques were used to investigate the effect of GTN on pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins involved in the MAPK and nuclear factor-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Cytokines (macrophage migration inhibitory factor, interleukin [IL]-13, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) were inhibited by GTN. However, IL-10 was upregulated. Western blot analysis indicated that GTN suppressed the phosphorylation of jun N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65, I-kappa-B, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, NF-κB, and p38. GTN also suppressed the expression of TLR-4 protein, thereby, inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, GTN can effectively prevent and cure acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongmin Zou
- Department of Pediatric, Suzhouwuzhong People's Hospital, Jiangsu, Wuzhong, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - LanPing Gao
- Department of Pediatric, Suzhouwuzhong People's Hospital, Jiangsu, Wuzhong, China
| | - YingHong Zhou
- Department of Pediatric, Suzhouwuzhong People's Hospital, Jiangsu, Wuzhong, China
| | - ZeNan Ma
- Department of Pediatric, Suzhouwuzhong People's Hospital, Jiangsu, Wuzhong, China
| | - Zekun Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Fifth Hospital, Hubei Province, Hubei, Wuhan, China
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Shamsabadi S, Nazer Y, Ghasemi J, Mahzoon E, Baradaran Rahimi V, Ajiboye BO, Askari VR. Promising influences of zingerone against natural and chemical toxins: A comprehensive and mechanistic review. Toxicon 2023; 233:107247. [PMID: 37562703 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Zingerone is a flavor phytochemical present in ginger, a flowering plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family used as a condiment and herbal remedy. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties and also exhibits protective effects against radiation, chemicals, biological toxins, and oxidative stress. The current comprehensive literature review was performed in order to assess the therapeutical and protective properties of zingerone against various chemical and natural toxins by considering the mechanisms of action. Extensive searches were performed on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Zingerone lessens oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative DNA damage by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). It prevents alginate production, which increases the cell's susceptibility to macrophages, serum, and antibiotics and dramatically lowers the generation of proinflammatory cytokines brought on by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokine production, MAPK, and NF-κB activation are all inhibited dose-dependently by zingerone. Zingerone also reduces 8-OHdG over-expression in the liver tissue and the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-6, COX-2, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA level), decreases macrophage inflammatory protein cytokines and eliminates free radicals. It also suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 during tumor progression, showing its anti-angiogenic activity. Strong radioprotective properties of zingerone are demonstrated against radiation-induced toxicity. The authors hope this review gives researchers some insight into conducting novel clinical and preclinical studies on pharmaceutical applications and the efficiency of zingerone in cancer treatment, and drug adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yazdan Nazer
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ghasemi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Erfan Mahzoon
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Basiru O Ajiboye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, S.E Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria; Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Roa-Linares VC, Escudero-Flórez M, Vicente-Manzanares M, Gallego-Gómez JC. Host Cell Targets for Unconventional Antivirals against RNA Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030776. [PMID: 36992484 PMCID: PMC10058429 DOI: 10.3390/v15030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of RNA-based viruses. The most prominent members of this group are SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), EBOV (Ebola virus), DENV (dengue virus), HCV (hepatitis C virus), ZIKV (Zika virus), CHIKV (chikungunya virus), and influenza A virus. With the exception of retroviruses which produce reverse transcriptase, the majority of RNA viruses encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerases which do not include molecular proofreading tools, underlying the high mutation capacity of these viruses as they multiply in the host cells. Together with their ability to manipulate the immune system of the host in different ways, their high mutation frequency poses a challenge to develop effective and durable vaccination and/or treatments. Consequently, the use of antiviral targeting agents, while an important part of the therapeutic strategy against infection, may lead to the selection of drug-resistant variants. The crucial role of the host cell replicative and processing machinery is essential for the replicative cycle of the viruses and has driven attention to the potential use of drugs directed to the host machinery as therapeutic alternatives to treat viral infections. In this review, we discuss small molecules with antiviral effects that target cellular factors in different steps of the infectious cycle of many RNA viruses. We emphasize the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Finally, we postulate that the ferruginol analog (18-(phthalimide-2-yl) ferruginol) is a potential host-targeted antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky C Roa-Linares
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Manuela Escudero-Flórez
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan C Gallego-Gómez
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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Gutiérrez Gaitén YI, Felipe González A, Scull Lizama R, Núñez Cairo CR, Álvarez Hernández GL, Díaz Masó V, Noa Rodríguez AC, Herrera Isidrón JA, Pieters L, Foubert K, Herrera Isidrón L. Pharmacognostic Study, Diuretic Activity and Acute Oral Toxicity of the Leaves of Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl. Collected in Two Different Phenological Stages. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1268. [PMID: 36986955 PMCID: PMC10052520 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl. is traditionally used in Cuba as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antilithiatic and diuretic remedy. Here we studied the pharmacognostic parameters of the leaves of X. caeruleum, the preliminary phytochemical composition, diuretic activity and acute oral toxicity of the aqueous extracts from the leaves of plants collected in the vegetative (VE) and flowering (FE) stages. The morphological characteristics and physicochemical parameters of leaves and extracts were determined. The phytochemical composition was assessed by phytochemical screening, TLC, UV, IR and HPLC/DAD profiles. The diuretic activity was evaluated in Wistar rats and compared to furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone. Epidermal cells, stomata and crystals were observed on the leaf surface. Phenolic compounds were identified as the main metabolites, including phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, ferulic and cinnamic acids) and flavonoids (catechin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and quercetin). VE and FE showed diuretic activity. The activity of VE was similar to furosemide, and the activity of FE resembled spironolactone. No acute oral toxicity was observed. The presence of flavonoids and phenols in VE and FE may explain at least in part the traditional use and provide some insight into the reported ethnomedical use as a diuretic. Because of the differences in polyphenol profiles between VE and FE, further studies should be carried out to standardize the harvesting and extraction conditions in order to use X. caeruleum leaf extract as herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramón Scull Lizama
- Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de la Habana, La Habana 17100, Cuba
| | - Carlos R. Núñez Cairo
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas “Victoria de Girón”, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, La Habana 11300, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - José A. Herrera Isidrón
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad de la Habana, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisset Herrera Isidrón
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
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10
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Utility of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Identifying Clinically Significant Interactions Between St. John's Wort and Prescription Drugs. Ther Drug Monit 2023; 45:35-44. [PMID: 36624575 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The general population widely uses herbal medicines, as they are regarded as effective and safe. St. John's wort, which is an effective herbal antidepressant, exhibits both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with several drugs. The aim of this review was to highlight the clinically significant interactions of St. John's wort with drugs that require to be monitored to assess their therapeutic effect. METHODS Published literature was searched using electronic databases, such as MEDLINE, PubMed, and Elsevier ScienceDirect using terms such as "herbal medicine," "herbal toxicity," "legislation herbal medicine," "drug-herb interactions," "St. John's wort," and "St. John's wort-drug interactions." Searches were limited to the English language, and there was no restriction on the date of publication. RESULTS St. John's wort exhibits a number of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with drugs. The most dangerous interactions occurred when used concurrently with the immunosuppressants, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus (treatment failure or organ rejection) or warfarin (treatment failure resulting in thromboembolic events) or antiretroviral agents (treatment failure and the emergence of new viral variants that are resistant to conventional drugs). CONCLUSIONS Patients should consult their health care providers before consuming herbal supplements, especially St. John's wort, to avoid potentially dangerous drug-herb interactions.
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Samira KE, Hossein IV. Chitosan/gelatin/starch-based films plasticized with olive oil and aloe-vera extract as a potential wound dressing. J MACROMOL SCI B 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2022.2145746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Izadi-Vasafi Hossein
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran
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12
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Mahmod AI, Haif SK, Kamal A, Al-Ataby IA, Talib WH. Chemoprevention effect of the Mediterranean diet on colorectal cancer: Current studies and future prospects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924192. [PMID: 35990343 PMCID: PMC9386380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most deadly cancer worldwide. Nevertheless, more than 70% of CRC cases are resulted from sporadic tumorigenesis and are not inherited. Since adenoma-carcinoma development is a slow process and may take up to 20 years, diet-based chemoprevention could be an effective approach in sporadic CRC. The Mediterranean diet is an example of a healthy diet pattern that consists of a combination of nutraceuticals that prevent several chronic diseases and cancer. Many epidemiological studies have shown the correlation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and low incidence of CRC. The goal of this review is to shed the light on the anti-inflammatory and anti-colorectal cancer potentials of the natural bioactive compounds derived from the main foods in the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shatha Khaled Haif
- Department of Pharmacy, Princess Sarvath Community College, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayah Kamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Israa A Al-Ataby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Fast and semiquantitative screening for sildenafil in herbal over-the-counter formulations with atmospheric pressure solid analysis probe (ASAP) to prevent medicinal adulteration. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:619-645. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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COVID-19 pandemic evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:921-937. [PMID: 33782907 PMCID: PMC8006870 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has affected several neglected populations such as the Indigenous peoples, which have suffered a high impact from the pandemic. OBJECTIVES To analyze the impact on the health and disease process according to the COVID-19 evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population. METHODS Data was collected from press releases by the Health Ministry and a descriptive analysis of the numbers of Indigenous individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil was carried out. RESULTS In February 2021, there were 41,855 confirmed cases of Indigenous individuals infected by the SARS-CoV-2, including 4,387 active cases, 36,809 recovered cases, and 549 deaths. The Brazilian Indigenous population is distributed in over 300 ethnic groups and, due to the high number of deaths by the COVID-19, many of these groups are endangered. The elderly are the most affected age group, and they play a fundamental role among the Indigenous population for transmitting their customs mainly orally. Indigenous populations do not have proper access to transport to specialized health centers, since many areas are inaccessible and other cases require air or river transportation, which many times results in late assistance. When managing the COVID-19, it is important to emphasize the need for social isolation to prevent the virus from spreading among the Indigenous groups, mainly due to their contact with other ethnic groups represented by missionaries, hunters, and wood explorers, among others. CONCLUSION The adoption of practices that can reduce the virus transmission among the Indigenous population and provide them with better access to treatment, mainly for the elderly, must be prioritized in Brazil.
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Emeribe AU, Anyanwu SO, Isong IK, Bassey UR, Inyang IJ, Ibeneme EO, Asemota EA, Okhormhe Z, Icha B, Abdullahi IN. Phytochemical analysis and toxicological evaluation of the ethanolic Leaves extract of Hypoestes rosea on the morphology and biochemical indices of the Kidneys of albino Wistar Rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6748-6755. [PMID: 34866973 PMCID: PMC8626298 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoestes rosea (family: Acanthacea), has been harnessed and utilized for treatment of several ailments. However, there is the paucity of available data on nephrotoxicity associated with this herb. Here, we investigated the phytochemical profile and toxicological effect of H. rosea on Wistar Rats. METHODS Twenty rats (weight range: 75-100 g) were assigned into five study groups, viz; (a) control (without treatment) (b) treatment group 1, orally administered with 50 mg/kg (c) treatment group 2, orally administered with 100 mg/kg (d) treatment group 3, orally administered with 250 mg/kg, and (e) treatment group 4, orally administered with 300 mg/kg of H. rosea, respectively for 28 days of four rats per group. The rats were made unconscious by using oral administration of chloroform. Cardiac punctures were made, and blood samples collected into 10 ml labeled plain container, allowed to clot and spun to harvest serum for determination of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea and creatinine using colorimetric, back-titrimetric, Urease-Berthelot and Jaffe's reaction methods respectively. Kidneys of rats were harvested, weighed and immediately fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological analysis. RESULT Mean serum sodium (p = 0.049), potassium (p = 0.007), and urea (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher among the treatment groups compared to controls. Histopathological findings of kidney sections revealed mild glomerular infiltration in treatment groups 2-4. Additionally, sclerosis was observed in groups 3-4. Phytochemical analysis of H. rosea revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroids and reducing sugars. CONCLUSION From the findings in this study, H. rosea leaf extract causes significant damage to the kidneys of Wistar rats at higher doses. Of which, the damages were dose-dependent in direct proportionality manner. To better determine the safe dosage and ideal duration of consumption, there is the need for further studies on H. rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Uchenna Emeribe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Stanley Obialor Anyanwu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Idongesit Kokoabasi Isong
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Uno Remi Bassey
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Imeobong Joseph Inyang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Onyekachukwu Ibeneme
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Enosakhare Aiyudubie Asemota
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Zibril Okhormhe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Bassey Icha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Pathology (Medical Laboratory Services), University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Yahyazadeh R, Baradaran Rahimi V, Yahyazadeh A, Mohajeri SA, Askari VR. Promising effects of gingerol against toxins: A review article. Biofactors 2021; 47:885-913. [PMID: 34418196 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ginger is a medicinal and valuable culinary plant. Gingerols, as an active constituent in the fresh ginger rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, exhibit several promising pharmacological properties. This comprehensive literature review was performed to assess gingerol's protective and therapeutic efficacy against the various chemical, natural, and radiational stimuli. Another objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties of gingerol. It should be noted that the data were gathered from in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. Gingerols can exert their protective activity through different mechanisms and cell signaling pathways. For example, these are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE), transforming growth factor beta1/Smad3 (TGF-β1/Smad3), and extracellular signal-related kinase/cAMP-response element-binding protein (ERK/CREB). We hope that more researchers can benefit from this review to conduct preclinical and clinical studies, treat cancer, inflammation, and attenuate the side effects of drugs and industrial pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Yahyazadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yahyazadeh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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A Review on Antidiabetic Activity of Centaurea spp.: A New Approach for Developing Herbal Remedies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5587938. [PMID: 34285703 PMCID: PMC8275385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5587938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-life metabolic disorder, characterized by high blood glucose levels. The hyperglycemic condition generally leads to irreversible nerve injury and vascular damage. Among different types of diabetes, type 2 is more common and has spread all over the world. Although various therapeutic approaches have been developed to control type 2 DM, regulating blood glucose levels has still remained a controversial challenge for patients. Also, most prescription drugs cause different side effects, such as gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, developing novel and efficient antidiabetic agents possessing fewer adverse effects is in high demand. Method The literature was comprehensively surveyed via search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus using appropriate keywords. Results Medicinal plants, both extracts and isolated active components, have played a significant role in controlling the blood glucose levels. Good-to-excellent results documented in the literature have made them a precious origin for developing and designing drugs and supplements against DM. Centaurea spp. have been traditionally used for controlling high blood glucose levels. Also, the antidiabetic properties of different species of Centaurea have been confirmed in recent studies through in vitro assays as well as in vivo experiments. Conclusion Potent results encouraged us to review their efficacy to open a new horizon for development of herbal antidiabetic agents.
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19
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A garlic oil-based organo-hydrogel for use in pH-sensitive drug release. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021; 75:5759-5772. [PMID: 34230754 PMCID: PMC8252990 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, six different organo-hydrogels containing agar-glycerol (AG)-based garlic oil (GO) were synthesized using two different crosslinkers (N,N, methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), glutaraldehyde (GA)) to ensure the controlled release of ceftriaxone (Ce) and carboplatin (Cp). Synthesized organo-hydrogels were characterized by FT-IR. Afterward, swelling behaviors were investigated in DI, tap water, ethanol, acetone, ethanol/DI water (1:1), acetone/DI water (1:1) and gasoline environments and different pH. As a result of hemolysis, blood clotting and antioxidant analysis, organo-hydrogels have been shown to have blood compatibility and antioxidant properties. Ce and Cp release properties of the prepared organo-hydrogels were also determined. The highest Ce release rate was obtained to be 37.8% for p (AG-g-GO)3 at pH 8.0 after 7 days. However, the highest Cp release rate was found to be 95.4% for p (AG-g-GO)3 at pH 7.4 after 1 day.
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20
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Rehman NU, Ansari MN, Haile T, Karim A, Abujheisha KY, Ahamad SR, Imam F. Possible Tracheal Relaxant and Antimicrobial Effects of the Essential Oil of Ethiopian Thyme Species ( Thymus serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth.): A Multiple Mechanistic Approach. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:615228. [PMID: 33883992 PMCID: PMC8053776 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.615228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Thymus is traditionally used for the treatment of hyperactive airways complaints. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the potential tracheal relaxant effect and possible mechanism(s) of the essential oil of Thymus serrulatus (TS Oil) in isolated guinea pig tracheal tissues. The essential oil was obtained from the fresh erial parts of Thymus serrulatus, and its phyto-components were identified by GC-MS analysis. Guinea pig tracheal preparations were used for testing the tracheal relaxant effect of TS Oil with the determination of the mechanism(s) involved in this relaxation. GC-MS findings reveal that terpenes, fragrance constituents, saponins, and higher fatty acids are present in TS Oil. In isolated guinea pig trachea, TS Oil inhibited carbachol (CCh, 1 µM) and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions in a pattern similar to that of dicyclomine. TS Oil, at 0.3 mg/ml, shifted parallel CCh-curves towards the right, followed by a non-parallel shift at higher concentration (1 mg/ml), thus suppressing maximum response in the same manner as produced by dicyclomine. Pretreatment of tissues with TS Oil (1 and 3 mg/ml) also produced a rightward shift of Ca++ concentration-response curves (CRCs) in the same manner as caused by verapamil. Further, TS Oil at low concentrations (0.3 and 1 mg/ml) shifted isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs towards the left and increased cAMP levels in isolated tracheal homogenates similar to papaverine, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. In the antimicrobial assay performed by the agar well diffusion method, TS Oil was found most active against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus where the zone of inhibition measured was 28 mm. Additionally, there was little difference between standard strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) showed a small zone of inhibition as compared to standard strains (22 mm). From these results, it can be concluded that the essential oil of T. serrulatus has the potential to produce antimicrobial effects while causing tracheal relaxation mediated possibly by anticholinergic effects, Ca++ channel blockade, and PDE inhibition whereas additional mechanism(s) cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tesfay Haile
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Karim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Y Abujheisha
- Faculty of Natural and Health Science, Al Zaytoonh University of Science and Technology, Salfeet, Palestine
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahamad
- Central Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Imam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Why do chronic illness patients decide to use complementary and alternative medicine? A qualitative study. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 43:101363. [PMID: 33740591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A substantial proportion of European and American people now use healthcare options known as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). This study aimed to understand the processes and decisional pathways through which chronic illness patients choose treatments outside of regular allopathic medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS This qualitative study used Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory methods to collect and analyze data. Using theoretical sampling, 21 individuals suffering from chronic illness and who had used CAM treatment participated in face-to-face in-depth interviews conducted in Miami/USA. RESULTS Seven overarching themes emerged from the data to describe how and why people with chronic illness choose CAM treatments. These themes included 1) influences, 2) desperation, 3) being averse to allopathic medicine and allopathic medical practice, 4) curiosity and chance, 5) ease of access, 6) institutional help, and 7) trial and error. CONCLUSION In selecting treatment options that include CAM, individuals draw on their social, economic, and biographical situations. Though exploratory, this study sheds light on some of the less examined reasons for CAM use.
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KamaŞ D, Karatepe A, Soylak M. Vortex-assisted magnetic solid phase extraction of Pb and Cu in some herb samples on magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:210-218. [PMID: 33679164 PMCID: PMC7925297 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2009-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is the development of a new solid phase extraction method based on using magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes impregnated with 1-(2-pyridylazo)2-naphthol (PAN) for separation, preconcentration, and flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of Pb(II) and Cu(II). Optimization of the method was done by investigating pH effect, amount of magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes impregnated with PAN, eluent type and volume, matrix effects, and volume of the sample. The optimum adsorbent amount was found to be 75 mg and the optimum pH value was found as 5.5. The detection limits were 16.6 μg L-1 for Pb(II) and 18.9 μg L-1 for Cu(II). The relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 4%. Two certified reference materials: SPS-WW2 wastewater and NCS-DC73349 (bush branches and leaves) were used to test the validation of the method. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in daisy, mint, paprika, sage, rosemary, daphne leaves, heather, green tea, andViburnum opulussamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek KamaŞ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Karatepe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri Turkey
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Ajebli M, Eddouks M. Eucalyptus globulus possesses antihypertensive activity in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats and relaxes isolated rat thoracic aorta through nitric oxide pathway. Nat Prod Res 2021; 35:819-821. [PMID: 30966776 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1598992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the current study we determined the effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (AEEG) in anesthetized normal and L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats and on rings of isolated thoracic aorta from Wistar rats at a dose of 160 mg/kg. Our results show that AEEG extract reduced systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure after repeated (7 days) oral administration of this extract in hypertensive rats. In addition, it was revealed from the present study that AEEG relaxed aortic rings in a dose-dependent (25-200 µg/ml) manner via the activation of nitric oxide production. Pre-treatment of aortic rings with indomethacin, glibenclamide, nifedipine or propranolol did not attenuate the AEEG-induced vasorelaxation. Our data elucidate the health-orientated virtues of using AEEG which may play an important role as an antihypertensive agent to reduce the burden of cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajebli
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia, Morocco
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Biopreservation and Quality Enhancement of Fish Surimi Using Colorant Plant Extracts. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6624565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The biopreservation, flavoring, and coloration of foodstuffs, e.g., seafoods, with natural plant derivatives are major demands for consumers and overseers. Different colored plant parts, i.e., Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces, Curcuma longa rhizomes, and Rhus coriaria fruits, were extracted and evaluated as biopreservatives, antimicrobial and colorant agents for fish surimi from Oreochromis niloticus. All colorant plant extracts (CPEs) exhibited strong antibacterial activities against screened pathogens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. H. sabdariffa extract (HCE) was the most effectual antimicrobial CPEs. S. aureus was the most sensitive strain to CPEs, whereas S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa were the most resistant strains. The exterior coloration of tilapia surimi with CPEs resulted in great bacterial count reduction in colored products; stored CPEs-colored surimi had enhanced sensorial attributes. HCE-exposed S. aureus indicated bacterial cell lyses in time-dependent manner. CPEs application as colorants and antibacterial and quality enhancing agents is recommended for seafoods’ biopreservation.
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25
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Garg S, Roy A. A Current Perspective of Plants as an Antibacterial Agent: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 21:1588-1602. [PMID: 32568018 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200622121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence and evolution of bacterial strains, it is now becoming difficult for pharmaceutical industries to provide remedies required for the betterment of mankind. Continuous exposure with available medication leads to the development of new strains with a significant amount of resistance, due to which pharmaceutical industries are facing various challenges. Antimicrobial resistance is the phenomenon causing a challenge in new drug development through conventional methods. Therefore, the requirement of alternative medicine is in high demand. Recently, allopathic medicines have seen a disinterest and people are preferring natural solutions due to their fewer side effects comparable to conventional medicine. Worldwide plants are utilized for various disease treatments such as bacterial infection, skin disorders, cancer, asthma, respiratory problems, etc. The presence of a wide range of phytocompounds in different plants provides an alternative to the pharmaceutical industries to counter the problem of bacterial infections. Different plants contain various phytochemicals that possess numerous therapeutic activities and provide a remedy to suppress various bacterial strains. Therefore, in this review, an overview of various plants and their phytocompounds which are responsible for antibacterial activity has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saksham Garg
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
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Tavan M, Azizi A, Sarikhani H, Mirjalili MH, Rigano MM. Phenolics diversity among wild populations of Salvia multicaulis: as a precious source for antimicrobial and antioxidant applications. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:1332-1336. [PMID: 33356575 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1864369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Salvia L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family including several known species rich in natural compounds that are extensively used in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Salvia multicaulis populations contain a broad diversity of flavonoids and phenolic acids. The present study aimed to explore biological and pharmacological effects including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of nineteen S. multicaulis populations (SMPs) grown in Iran for the first time. High content of rosmarinic acid (RA) in SMP12 (Gazan) (5.65 ± 0.33 mg/g DW) caused high antimicrobial activity against two bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli) and the fungus Candida albicans, while methanolic extract of SMP1 (Taleghan) showed high antioxidant activity due to high content of salvianolic acid A (SAA) and quercetin (0.53 ± 0.04 and 0.49 ± 0.12 mg/g DW, respectively). Altogether these results can be considered for further commercial exploitations to meet the demands of the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Tavan
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Azizi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hassan Sarikhani
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Mathias GP, Panigrahi T, Shanbagh S, Sadhana V, P. B, K. R, Sethu S, Ghosh A, Pidathala C, Ghosh A. Combination of Aqueous Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri, Boerhavia diffusa,and Picrorhiza kurroaor Zingiber officinalealone Inhibit Intracellular Inflammatory Signaling Cascade. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sitarek P, Merecz-Sadowska A, Kowalczyk T, Wieczfinska J, Zajdel R, Śliwiński T. Potential Synergistic Action of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts against Skin Infecting Microorganisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145105. [PMID: 32707732 PMCID: PMC7403983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is an important organ that acts as a physical barrier to the outer environment. It is rich in immune cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, mast cells, and T cells, which provide the first line of defense mechanisms against numerous pathogens by activating both the innate and adaptive response. Cutaneous immunological processes may be stimulated or suppressed by numerous plant extracts via their immunomodulatory properties. Several plants are rich in bioactive molecules; many of these exert antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal effects. The present study describes the impact of plant extracts on the modulation of skin immunity, and their antimicrobial effects against selected skin invaders. Plant products remain valuable counterparts to modern pharmaceuticals and may be used to alleviate numerous skin disorders, including infected wounds, herpes, and tineas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.-S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.-S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Evaluation of bronchodialatory and antimicrobial activities of Otostegia fruticosa: A multi-mechanistic approach. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:281-289. [PMID: 32194329 PMCID: PMC7078568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Otostegia fruticosa, a plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, is endemic to Ethiopia. In Ethiopian traditional medicine, O. fruticosa has been used for the treatment of several respiratory-related disorders. The present study was designed to evaluate the bronchodilatory and antimicrobial activities of O. fruticosa leaves crude extract (Of.Cr). Ex-vivo experiments were conducted on guinea-pig trachea provided with physiological oxygenated buffer solution using emkaBath setup. The crude extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Of.Cr, showed the presence of terpenes, fragrance components, saponins, and higher fatty acids. Of.Cr when tested on contracted tracheal chains with carbamylcholine (CCh, 1 µM) and high K+ (80 mM) produced relaxation by showing higher potency against CCh with incomplete inhibition of high K+. Dicyclomine, used as a positive control, also showed selectively higher potency to inhibit CCh when compared with its effect against K+. In the anticholinergic curves, Of.Cr at 1 mg/mL deflected CCh-induced concentration-response curves (CRCs) competitively to the right like dicyclomine (0.03 µM) and atropine whereas a higher dose of Of.Cr (3 mg/mL) produced a non-parallel shift in the CCh curves like a higher dose of dicyclomine (0.1 µM). In the calcium channel inhibitory assay, Of.Cr at 3 & 5 mg/mL, deflected CRCs of Ca++ to the right like verapamil, used as positive control. Of.Cr, at concentrations (1-3 mg/mL) increases cAMP levels in isolated tracheal homogenates, similar to positive control phosphodiesterase inhibitor (papaverine). When tested for antibacterial activity against standard and clinical strains, Of.Cr was found more active (MIC 475 µg/ml) against S. aureus (NCTC 6571), while the maximum inhibition (MIC 625 µg/ml) was observed by the extract when tested against MRSA. These results determine the mechanistic pathways of the observed bronchodilatory effect of Otostegia fruticosa with a combination of anticholinergic and dual inhibition of phosphodiesterase and voltage-gated Ca++ channels.
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Super Critical Fluid Extracted Fatty Acids from Withania somnifera Seeds Repair Psoriasis-Like Skin Lesions and Attenuate Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) Release. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020185. [PMID: 31991752 PMCID: PMC7072271 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Withania somnifera Dunal (Ashwagandha) is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional medicinal systems with extensive research on various plant parts. Surprisingly, seeds of W. somnifera have never been investigated for their therapeutic potential. (2) Methods: W. somnifera seeds were extracted for fatty acids (WSSO) using super critical fluid extraction, and was analyzed by gas chromatography. Its therapeutic potential in psoriasis-like skin etiologies was investigated using a 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced psoriatic mouse model. Psoriatic inflammation along with psoriatic lesions and histopathological scores were recorded. WSSO was also tested on murine macrophage (RAW264.7), human epidermoid (A431), and monocytic (THP-1) cells, stimulated with TPA or lipo poly-saccharide (LPS) to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) release. NFκB promoter activity was also measured by luciferase reporter assay. (3) Results: Topical application of WSSO with concurrent oral doses significantly reduced inflammation-induced edema, and repaired psoriatic lesions and associated histopathological scores. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines release was observed in WSSO-treated A431 and THP-1 cells, along with reduced NFκB expression. WSSO also inhibited reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. (4) Conclusion: Here we show that the fatty acids from W. somnifera seeds have strong anti-inflammatory properties, along with remarkable therapeutic potential on psoriasis-like skin etiologies.
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Pham DC, Shibu MA, Mahalakshmi B, Velmurugan BK. Effects of phytochemicals on cellular signaling: reviewing their recent usage approaches. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3522-3546. [PMID: 31822111 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1699014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the previous studies in last three decades report evidence of interactions between the different phytochemicals and the proteins involved in signal transduction pathways using in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses. However, extrapolation of these findings for clinical purposes has not been that fruitful. The efficacy of the phytochemicals in vivo studies is limited by parameters such as solubility, metabolic degradation, excretion, etc. Various approaches have now been devised to circumvent these limitations. Recently, chemical modification of the phytochemicals are demonstrated to reduce some of the limitations and improve their efficacy. Similar to traditional medicines several combinatorial phytochemical formulations have shown to be more efficient. Further, phytochemicals have been reported to be even more efficient in the form of nanoparticles. However, systematic evaluation of their efficacy, mode of action in pathway modulation, usage and associated challenges is required to be done. The present review begins with basic understanding of how signaling cascades regulate cellular response and the consequences of their dysregulation further summarizing the developments and problems associated with the dietary phytochemicals and also discuss recent approaches in strengthening these compounds in pharmacological applications. Only context relevant studies have been reviewed. Considering the limitations and scope of the article, authors do not claim inclusion of all the early and recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - M A Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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El-Ouady F, Eddouks M. Warionia saharae induces antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities through nitric oxide and KATP channels pathways in rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0024/jcim-2019-0024.xml. [PMID: 31348761 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Warionia saharae Bentham & Cosson. is used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases including hypertension. Method The present study was designed to investigate the antihypertensive activity of aqueous extract of Warionia saharae (WSLAE) in anesthetized L-NAME (Nω-L-arginine methyl ester)-induced rats. The acute and sub-chronic effects of WSLAE on systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were investigated after oral administration of the extract (100 mg/kg body weight of WSLAE) during 6 h for the acute experiment and during 7 days for the sub-chronic test. In addition the effect of WSLAE on the contractile response of isolated rat aortic rings was tested and the role of the vascular receptors was evaluated using several drugs. Results The results showed that WSLAE induced a significant decrease in the systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and HR in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. Furthermore, this extract induced relaxation in rings pre-contracted with Epinephrine (10 µM) or with KCl (100 mM). This vasorelaxant capacity seems to be mediated through inhibition of KATP channels and nitric oxide (NO) synthase pathways. Conclusion This study supports the use of Warionia saharae in the management of hypertension in Moroccan traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa El-Ouady
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, BP 21, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, BP 21, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
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Histological, Biochemical, and Hematological Effects of Goniothalamin on Selective Internal Organs of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Toxicol 2019; 2019:6493286. [PMID: 31178909 PMCID: PMC6507267 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6493286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Goniothalamin (GTN) is an isolated compound from several plants of the genus Goniothalamus, and its anticancer effect against several cancers was reported. However, there is no scientific data about effects of its higher doses on internal organs. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute effects of higher doses of GTN on the hematology, biochemistry, and histology of selected internal organs of male Sprague-Dawley rats. In acute study, 35 rats were distributed in 5 groups (n=7) which were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with a single dose of either 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg/kg of GTN, while extra 7 rats serve as a normal control. In subacute study, 7 rats were IP-injected with a daily dose of 42 mg/kg of GTN for 14 days, while another 7 rats serve as a normal control group. The normal controls in both studies were IP-injected simultaneously with 2 ml/kg of 10% DMSO in PBS. At the end of both tests, rats were sacrificed to collect blood for hematology and biochemistry and harvest livers, kidneys, lungs, hearts, spleens, and brains for histology. During acute and subacute exposure, no abnormal changes were observed in the hematology, biochemistry, and histology of the internal organs. However, the 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg of GTN during acute exposure were associated with morbidities and mortalities. Ultimately, GTN could be safe up to the dose of 200 mg/kg, and the dose of 42 mg/kg of GTN was tolerated well.
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Adejayan AA, Ozolua RI, Uwaya DO, Eze GI, Ezike AC. Evaluation of the anti-asthmatic and antitussive potentials of methanol leaf extract of Napoleona vogelii in rodents. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:120-126. [PMID: 30396068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Napoleona vogelii is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of asthma and cough. This study evaluated antiasthmatic and antitussive properties of its methanol leaf extract (NVE) in rodents. Phytochemical screening was conducted using established methods. Acute oral toxicity test was done in mice and guinea pigs. Ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs were orally pretreated with 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day of NVE or 0.5 mg/kg/day of salbutamol for 14 days before exposure to 0.2% histamine aerosol. Latency to preconvulsive dyspnea (PCD), tracheal fluid volume (TFV), flow rate (FR), and tracheal morphometry (TM) were evaluated. Tracheal rings from sensitized guinea pigs were tested in organ baths for antispasmodic and spasmolytic effects. Citric acid and ammonium hydroxide cough models were used to evaluate antitussive effects in guinea pigs and mice respectively. Tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic substances were found in NVE. LD50 values in mice and guinea pigs were greater than 5000 mg/kg. NVE caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the latency to PCD and a decrease in TFV in the group treated with 200 mg/kg. TM indicated a reduction in airway narrowing in NVE-treated groups. The presence of NVE significantly attenuated responses of tracheal rings to carbachol. Its addition to carbachol precontracted rings resulted in significant relaxation. Emax for calcium concentration-response was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in the presence of NVE. Cough bouts dose-dependently decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in guinea pigs and mice. We conclude that NVE seems safe and possesses anti-asthmatic effect that involves inhibition of calcium influx. It also has antitussive properties that may be peripherally mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola A Adejayan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Raymond I Ozolua
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria.
| | - Dickson O Uwaya
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Gerald I Eze
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Adaobi C Ezike
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Abdolhosseinipoor F, Sadeghi Dinani M, Hosseini-Sharifabad A. The effects of Urtica dioica hydroalcoholic extract on the propylthiouracil induced hypothyroidism in rat. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2018.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Tayel AA, El-Sedfy MA, Ibrahim AI, Moussa SH. Application of Quercus infectoria extract as a natural antimicrobial agent for chicken egg decontamination. Rev Argent Microbiol 2018; 50:391-397. [PMID: 29691109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg contamination with microbial pathogens is an enduring worldwide concern. Natural products are frequently recommended as ideal alternatives to substitute synthetic and chemical antimicrobials. Oak galls (Quercus infectoria) are aberrant growths on oak trees that have many medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. Q. infectoria extract (QIE) antimicrobial action was assessed against many microbial species, and used for eggshell decontamination. QIE antimicrobial activity was evidenced against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium and Candida albicans, using different assay methods. Disinfection of eggshell microbial contamination, by immersion in 1% QIE solution, sharply reduced total colony count, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae. E. coli and S. aureus were completely inhibited after 60min of immersion in QIE. QIE biochemical analysis revealed elevated contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The captured micrographs of S. aureus cells treated with QIE showed strong alterations in cell morphology; cells were entirely lysed and ruptured after 6h of treatment. QIE can be recommended as an effective and natural disinfectant for decontaminating eggshells from pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Tayel
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A El-Sedfy
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Ibrahim
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Shaaban H Moussa
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt; College of Science and Humanitarian Studies, Shaqra University, Qwaieah, Saudi Arabia
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37
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Tayel AA, Almabady NA, Sorour NM, Diab AM. Application of natural plant extracts as colorants, preservatives, and anti-listerial agents in processed fish products. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Tayel
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences; Kafrelsheikh University; Egypt
| | - Nashwa A. Almabady
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute; University of Sadat City; Egypt
| | - Noha M. Sorour
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute; University of Sadat City; Egypt
| | - Amany M. Diab
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences; Kafrelsheikh University; Egypt
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Byard RW, Musgrave I, Maker G, Bunce M. What risks do herbal products pose to the Australian community? Med J Aust 2017; 206:86-90. [PMID: 28152355 DOI: 10.5694/mja16.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional herbal products are widely used in Australia to treat a broad range of conditions and diseases. It is popularly believed that these products are safer than prescribed drugs. While many may be safe, it is worrying that the specific effects and harmful interactions of a number of their components with prescription medications is not well understood. Some traditional herbal preparations contain heavy metals and toxic chemicals, as well as naturally occurring organic toxins. The effects of these substances can be dire, including acute hepatic and renal failure, exacerbation of pre-existing conditions and diseases, and even death. The content and quality of herbal preparations are not tightly controlled, with some ingredients either not listed or their concentrations recorded inaccurately on websites or labels. Herbal products may also include illegal ingredients, such as ephedra, Asarum europaeum (European wild ginger) and endangered animal species (eg, snow leopard). An additional problem is augmentation with prescription medications to enhance the apparent effectiveness of a preparation. Toxic substances may also be deliberately or inadvertently added: less expensive, more harmful plants may be substituted for more expensive ingredients, and processing may not be adequate. The lack of regulation and monitoring of traditional herbal preparations in Australia and other Western countries means that their contribution to illness and death is unknown. We need to raise awareness of these problems with health care practitioners and with the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Bunce
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory (TrEnD), Curtin University, Perth, WA
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Ng PY, Chye SM, Ng CH, Koh RY, Tiong YL, Pui LP, Tan YH, Lim CSY, Ng KY. Clinacanthus Nutans Hexane Extracts Induce Apoptosis Through a Caspase-Dependent Pathway in Human Cancer Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:917-926. [PMID: 28545188 PMCID: PMC5494240 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.4.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinacanthus nutans (C.nutans) is a plant consumed as a cancer treatment in tropical Asia. Despite the availability of numerous anecdotal reports, evaluation of active anticancer effects has remained elusive. Therefore we here examined antiproliferative, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing and apoptosis mechanisms of whole plant extracts in different cancer cell lines. Methods: Antiproliferative actions of five solvent extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) of C.nutans were tested on non-small cell lung cancer (A549), nasopharygeal cancer (CNE1) and liver cancer (HepG2) cells using MTT assay. The most potent anticancer extract was then assessed by flow cytometry to study cell cycle changes. Intracellular levels of ROS were quantified by DCFH-DA assay. Involvement of the caspase pathway in induction of apoptosis was assessed using caspase assay kits. GC-MS analysis was performed to identify phytoconstituents in the extracts. Results: Hexane and chloroform extracts were antiproliferative against all three cell lines, while the ethyl acetate extract, at 300 µg/mL, was antiproliferative in the CNE1 but not A549 and HepG2 cases. Methanol and water extracts did not inhibit cancer cell proliferation. The most potent anticancer hexane extract was selected for further testing. It induced apoptosis in all three cell lines as shown by an increase in the percentage of cell in sub-G1 phase. Dose-dependent increase in ROS levels in all three cell lines indicated apoptosis to be possibly modulated by oxidative stress. At high concentrations (>100 µg/mL), hexane extracts upregulated caspases 8, 9 and 3/7 across all three cell lines. GC-MS analysis of the hexane extract revealed abundance of 31 compounds. Conclusion: Among the five extracts of C.nutans, that with hexane extract demonstrated the highest antiproliferative activity against all three cancer cell lines tested. Action appeared to be via ion of intracellular ROS, and induction of apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ying Ng
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ethnomedicinal assessment of Irula tribes of Walayar valley of Southern Western Ghats, India. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:760-775. [PMID: 29740242 PMCID: PMC5936975 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to explore the traditional knowledge of Irula tribal people who are practicing herbal medicine in Walayar valley, the Southern Western Ghats, India. A total number of 146 species of plants distributed in 122 genera belonging to 58 families were identified as commonly used ethnomedicinal plants by them. Interestingly, 26 new claims were also made in the present study. Through the data obtained from Irula tribal healers, the herbs were mostly used for medicine (40.4%) followed by trees (26.7%) and climbers (18.5%). In addition leaves were highly used for medicinal purposes, collected from 55 species (38%) followed by multiple parts from 18 species (12%). Acorus calamus is the species of higher use value (1.80) assessed to be prescribed most commonly for the treatment of cough. High informant consensus factor (1.0) obtained for insecticidal uses and cooling agent indicates that the usage of Canarium strictum and Melia dubia, and Mimosa pudica and Sesamum indicum respectively for that purposes had obtained high degree of agreement among the healers in using these species for the respective purposes. The most commonly used method of preparation was decoction (63%) followed by raw form (23%), paste (12%) and powder (2%). Therefore, it is suggested to take-up pharmacological and phytochemical studies to evaluate the species to confirm the traditional knowledge of Irulas on medicinal plants.
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Khanna R, Dua N, Kumar A, Khanna R, Khanna PML. LongoVital- An Imminent Therapeutic Modality: An Unseen Drug Review with Advanced Features and Hypothesis. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZE04-7. [PMID: 27190969 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17605.7698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medication still happens to be the backbone of the major world's population essentially because of the assumption that these drugs are free of any side effects and easily available. LongoVital (LV) is a herbal preparation with documented immune-modulatory and immune-stimulatory effects in man. Various studies conducted to date, have shown LV to have prolonged and beneficial impact in the treatment of orofacial diseases, when administered in recommended daily doses. With its combined antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effects, LV can be regarded as an emerging therapeutic modality in the treatment of orofacial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Khanna
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Sukhmani Dental College , Derabassi. Punjab, India
| | - Nisha Dua
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Sukhmani Dental College , Derabassi. Punjab, India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences , Lucknow, India
| | - Ruchit Khanna
- Resident, Department of Pharmacology, MMISR , Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Pyare Mohan Lal Khanna
- Professor and HOD, Department of Pharmacology, Gian Sagar Medical College , Punjab, India
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Salahdeen HM, Idowu GO, Salami SA, Murtala BA, Alada AA. Mechanism of vasorelaxation induced by Tridax procumbens extract in rat thoracic aorta. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:174-9. [PMID: 27104039 PMCID: PMC4835993 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160329030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: Tridax procumbens (Linn) (Asteraceae) is one of the herbs widely distributed in many parts of the world. Its leaves have long been used for the treatment of hypertension in Nigeria. Previous studies have shown that aqueous leaves of T. procumbens extract (TPE) lowers blood pressure through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanism in the aortic rings isolated from normotensive rats. The aim of the present study was to further investigate mechanisms of TPE-induced relaxation in the aortic artery by assessing its mechanistic interactions with nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Materials and Methods: The aortic artery isolated from healthy, young adult normotensive Wistar albino rats (250-300 g) were pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE) (10–7 M) and KCl (60 mM) and were treated with various concentrations of aqueous extract of TPE (0.5-9.0 mg/ml). The changes in arterial tension were recorded using Ugo Basile model 7004 coupled to data capsule acquisition system model 17400. The interaction between TPE with cAMP and cGMP inhibitors was also evaluated. Results: The results showed that the TPE (0.5-9.0 mg/ml) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the contraction induced by PE in a concentration-dependent manner. The vasorelaxant effect caused by the TPE was significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated with pre-incubation of cGMP (Rp-8Br PET cGMPS) and cAMP (Rp-AMP) inhibitor, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that TPE causes vasodilatory effects in a concentration-dependent manner in the isolated rat aortic artery. The mechanism of action of TPE is complex. A part of its relaxing effect is mediated directly by blocking or modulating cGMP and cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gbolahan O Idowu
- Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Shakiru A Salami
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde A Murtala
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Patients' experience of Chinese Medicine Primary Care Services: Implications on Improving Coordination and Continuity of Care. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18853. [PMID: 26686267 PMCID: PMC4685421 DOI: 10.1038/srep18853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicine (CM) is major form of traditional and complementary medicine used by Chinese populations. Evaluation on patients’ experience on CM service is essential for improving service quality. This cross sectional study aims (i) to assess how CM clinics with different administrative model differ in terms of quality from patients’ perspective; and (ii) to investigate how quality varies with patients’ demographic and health characteristics. Five hundred and sixteen patients were sampled from charity and semi-public CM clinics in Hong Kong, and were invited to assess their experience using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT). Results indicated that overall mean PCAT scoring is satisfactory, achieving 70.7% (91.26/129) of total score. Ratings were lower in areas of “coordination of patient information”, “continuity of care”, and “range of service provided”. Impact of administrative models, including involvement of tax-funded healthcare system and outreach delivery, were minimal after adjusting for patient characteristics. Demographic and health characteristics of patients did not contribute to substantial variations in scoring. To improve patient experience, policy makers should consider strengthening care coordination, continuity and comprehensiveness in CM primary care services. Sharing of electronic records and establishing referral system are potential solutions for linking CM and conventional healthcare services.
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Pharmacogenomics Implications of Using Herbal Medicinal Plants on African Populations in Health Transition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:637-63. [PMID: 26402689 PMCID: PMC4588186 DOI: 10.3390/ph8030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The most accessible points of call for most African populations with respect to primary health care are traditional health systems that include spiritual, religious, and herbal medicine. This review focusses only on the use of herbal medicines. Most African people accept herbal medicines as generally safe with no serious adverse effects. However, the overlap between conventional medicine and herbal medicine is a reality among countries in health systems transition. Patients often simultaneously seek treatment from both conventional and traditional health systems for the same condition. Commonly encountered conditions/diseases include malaria, HIV/AIDS, hypertension, tuberculosis, and bleeding disorders. It is therefore imperative to understand the modes of interaction between different drugs from conventional and traditional health care systems when used in treatment combinations. Both conventional and traditional drug entities are metabolized by the same enzyme systems in the human body, resulting in both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics interactions, whose properties remain unknown/unquantified. Thus, it is important that profiles of interaction between different herbal and conventional medicines be evaluated. This review evaluates herbal and conventional drugs in a few African countries and their potential interaction at the pharmacogenomics level.
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A novel natural compound from garlic (Allium sativum L.) with therapeutic effects against experimental polymicrobial sepsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:774-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kshirsagar P, Umdale S, Chavan J, Gaikwad N. Molecular Authentication of Medicinal Plant, Swertia chirayita and its Adulterant Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Anlauf M, Hein L, Hense HW, Köbberling J, Lasek R, Leidl R, Schöne-Seifert B. Complementary and alternative drug therapy versus science-oriented medicine. GERMAN MEDICAL SCIENCE : GMS E-JOURNAL 2015; 13:Doc05. [PMID: 26161049 PMCID: PMC4480118 DOI: 10.3205/000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This opinion deals critically with the so-called complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapy on the basis of current data. From the authors' perspective, CAM prescriptions and most notably the extensive current endeavours to the "integration" of CAM into conventional patient care is problematic in several respects. Thus, several CAM measures are used, although no specific effects of medicines can be proved in clinical studies. It is extensively explained that the methods used in this regard are those of evidence-based medicine, which is one of the indispensable pillars of science-oriented medicine. This standard of proof of efficacy is fundamentally independent of the requirement of being able to explain efficacy of a therapy in a manner compatible with the insights of the natural sciences, which is also essential for medical progress. Numerous CAM treatments can however never conceivably satisfy this requirement; rather they are justified with pre-scientific or unscientific paradigms. The high attractiveness of CAM measures evidenced in patients and many doctors is based on a combination of positive expectations and experiences, among other things, which are at times unjustified, at times thoroughly justified, from a science-oriented view, but which are non-specific (context effects). With a view to the latter phenomenon, the authors consider the conscious use of CAM as unrevealed therapeutic placebos to be problematic. In addition, they advocate that academic medicine should again systematically endeavour to pay more attention to medical empathy and use context effects in the service of patients to the utmost. The subsequent opinion discusses the following after an introduction to medical history: the definition of CAM; the efficacy of most common CAM procedures; CAM utilisation and costs in Germany; characteristics of science-oriented medicine; awareness of placebo research; pro and contra arguments about the use of CAM, not least of all in terms of aspects related to medical ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Anlauf
- Medical Care Centre Cuxhaven GmbH, Medical Office for Internal Medicine, Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität (University), Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department 2, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Hense
- University of Münster, Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Reiner Leidl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (University), Institute for Health Economics and Health Care Management, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Research Centre, Institute for Health Economics and Health Care Management, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schöne-Seifert
- University of Münster, Institute for Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Münster, Germany
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Kim KH, Chung WS, Kim Y, Kim KS, Lee IS, Park JY, Jeong HS, Na YC, Lee CH, Jang HJ. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Wound Healing of Morus alba Root Extract by Up-Regulating Keratin Filament and CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1251-8. [PMID: 26014513 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Facilitation of the wound healing process is important because a prolonged wound site increases pain and the risk of infection. In oriental medicine, an extract of Morus alba root (MA) has usually been prescribed as traditional treatment for accelerating wound healing, and it has been proven to be safe for centuries. To study the molecular mechanism of MA-mediated skin wound healing, we performed a primary cell culture and a skin explant culture and observed significant difference between the groups with and without MA extract. In the cellular system, a real-time cell analysis and real-time quantitative PCR were performed. It was found that MA extract enhanced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner on Kera-308 cell line, and up-regulated keratin expression including wound-induced Krt6a. In skin explant culture, the mRNA level derived from cell outgrowth displayed a tendency toward more up-regulated mRNA associated keratin filaments and toward a more up-regulated mRNA level of C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and a chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis signaling pathway downstream. In this process, we concluded that MA extract had a scientific possibility of wound repair by increasing intracellular and extracellular supports and by inducing a CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chung
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoomi Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Suk Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Soo Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Cheol Na
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Kamdar A, Alsafi A, Halse O. Cerebral sinus thrombosis occurring in a patient with ulcerative colitis treated with the Chinese herbal medicine YanNan BaiYao. QJM 2015; 108:239-40. [PMID: 22797968 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcs102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Kamdar
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - A Alsafi
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - O Halse
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK
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Fan XH, Shi WZ, Cheng YX, Yang XF. Effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on antioxidant and drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:449-54. [PMID: 24969526 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) on the antioxidant enzymes and drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. METHOD Following treatment of rats with BYHWD at 6.42, 12.83, or 25.66 g·kg(-1) per day for 15 days, microsomes and cytosols isolated from the liver tissues were prepared by differential centrifugation according to standard procedures. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes and cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, CYP2E1, UGT, and GST of the rat livers were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. RESULTS The activities of ALT, AST, antioxidant enzymes, and the Hepatosomatic Index in serum were not significantly affected. In cytosols, the activity of CAT was significantly increased at the dosage of 12.83 g·kg(-1), and all the other antioxidant activities and MDA levels were not affected by this treatment. BYHWD had no effect on cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, and UGT. At the highest dose (25.66 g·kg(-1)), the activity of CYP2E1 was significantly inhibited, and the activities of GST and the level of GSH were increased. CONCLUSION BYHWD is safe for the liver, and has the functions of detoxification and antioxidant. Patients should be cautioned about the herb-drug interaction of BYHWD and CYP2E1 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China; Department of pharmacy, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Wei-Zhou Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China.
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