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Liao G, Liu W, Dai Y, Shi X, Liu Y, Li D, Xu T. Beneficial effects of flavonoids on animal models of atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2023; 26:108337. [PMID: 38026172 PMCID: PMC10665821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases that seriously endanger human health. The existing treatment drugs are effective, but they have some side effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have attracted wide attention due to their multiple cardioprotective effects and fewer side effects. PubMed, Web of Science database, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies evaluating the effects of flavonoids against atherosclerosis. 119 studies published from August 1954 to April 2023 were included. Random-effects models were performed for synthesis. Compared with the control group, flavonoids significantly reduced longitudinal and cross-sectional plaque area. The findings indicated that flavonoids significantly reduced the concentrations of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased serum HDL-C concentrations. Besides, flavonoids reduced the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased the serum IL-10 level. This study provides evidence for the potential cardiovascular benefits of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Brazão SC, Lima GF, Autran LJ, Mendes ABA, Dos Santos BA, Magliano DC, de Brito FCF, Motta NAV. Subacute administration of cilostazol modulates PLC-γ/PKC-α/p38/NF-kB pathway and plays vascular protective effects through eNOS activation in early stages of atherosclerosis development. Life Sci 2023; 332:122082. [PMID: 37722587 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for development of cardiovascular disturbances, such as atherosclerosis, and its treatment remains challenging in modern medicine. Cilostazol is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 clinically prescribed for intermittent claudication treatment. Due to its pleiotropic properties, such as lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, the therapeutic repurposing of cilostazol has become a strategic approach for atherosclerosis treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of subacute administration of cilostazol on the aortas of hypercholesterolemic rats, focusing on the signaling pathways involved in these actions. MAIN METHODS A murine model of hypercholesterolemia was employed to mimic the early stages of atherosclerosis development. Vascular reactivity assays were performed on thoracic aorta rings to assess the vascular response, as well as the non-invasive blood pressure was evaluated by plethysmography method. Pro-inflammatory markers and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of cilostazol. Western Blot analysis was performed in aortas homogenates to evaluate the role of cilostazol on PLC-γ/PKC-α/p38-MAPK/IκB-α/NF-кB and PKA/eNOS/PKG pathways. KEY FINDINGS The hypercholesterolemic diet induced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, TXB2, VCAM, and worsened vascular function, marked by increased contractile response, decreased maximum relaxation, and elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Cilostazol seems to counteract the deleterious effects promoted by hypercholesterolemic diet, showing important anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective properties possibly through the inhibition of the PLC-γ/PKC-α/p38-MAPK/IκB-α/NF-кB pathway and activation of the PKA/eNOS/PKG pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Cilostazol suppressed hypercholesterolemia-induced vascular dysfunction and inflammation. Our data suggest the potential repurposing of cilostazol as a pharmacological treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani Correia Brazão
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ferreira Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lis Jappour Autran
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Araújo Mendes
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Department of Morphology Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - Dangelo Carlo Magliano
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Department of Morphology Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carla Ferreira de Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Alice Vieira Motta
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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3
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Sheng Y, Sun Y, Tang Y, Yu Y, Wang J, Zheng F, Li Y, Sun Y. Catechins: Protective mechanism of antioxidant stress in atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1144878. [PMID: 37033663 PMCID: PMC10080012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1144878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea has long been valued for its health benefits, especially its potential to prevent and treat atherosclerosis (AS). Abnormal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are major factors that contribute to the development of AS. Tea, which originated in China, is believed to help prevent AS. Research has shown that tea is rich in catechins, which is considered a potential source of natural antioxidants. Catechins are the most abundant antioxidants in green tea, and are considered to be the main compound responsible for tea's antioxidant activity. The antioxidant properties of catechins are largely dependent on the structure of molecules, and the number and location of hydroxyl groups or their substituents. As an exogenous antioxidant, catechins can effectively eliminate lipid peroxidation products. They can also play an antioxidant role indirectly by activating the endogenous antioxidant system by regulating enzyme activity and signaling pathways. In this review, we summarized the preventive effect of catechin in AS, and emphasized that improving the antioxidant effect and lipid metabolism disorders of catechins is the key to managing AS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yizhuo Sun
- *Correspondence: Fengjie Zheng, ; Yuhang Li, ; Yan Sun,
| | | | | | | | - Fengjie Zheng
- *Correspondence: Fengjie Zheng, ; Yuhang Li, ; Yan Sun,
| | - Yuhang Li
- *Correspondence: Fengjie Zheng, ; Yuhang Li, ; Yan Sun,
| | - Yan Sun
- *Correspondence: Fengjie Zheng, ; Yuhang Li, ; Yan Sun,
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Chen B, Zhang W, Lin C, Zhang L. A Comprehensive Review on Beneficial Effects of Catechins on Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911569. [PMID: 36232871 PMCID: PMC9569714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main sites for oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate in cells, and are known as cellular power factories. The phrase "secondary mitochondrial diseases" essentially refers to any abnormal mitochondrial function other than primary mitochondrial diseases, i.e., the process caused by the genes encoding the electron transport chain (ETC) proteins directly or impacting the production of the machinery needed for ETC. Mitochondrial diseases can cause adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis disorder, an increase in oxygen free radicals, and intracellular redox imbalance. It can also induce apoptosis and, eventually, multi-system damage, which leads to neurodegenerative disease. The catechin compounds rich in tea have attracted much attention due to their effective antioxidant activity. Catechins, especially acetylated catechins such as epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are able to protect mitochondria from reactive oxygen species. This review focuses on the role of catechins in regulating cell homeostasis, in which catechins act as a free radical scavenger and metal ion chelator, their protective mechanism on mitochondria, and the protective effect of catechins on mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This review highlights catechins and their effects on mitochondrial functional metabolic networks: regulating mitochondrial function and biogenesis, improving insulin resistance, regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, and regulating epigenetic processes. Finally, the indirect beneficial effects of catechins on mitochondrial diseases are also illustrated by the warburg and the apoptosis effect. Some possible mechanisms are shown graphically. In addition, the bioavailability of catechins and peracetylated-catechins, free radical scavenging activity, mitochondrial activation ability of the high-molecular-weight polyphenol, and the mitochondrial activation factor were also discussed.
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de Oliveira Lopes R, Lima GF, Mendes ABA, Autran LJ, de Assis Pereira NC, Brazão SC, Alexandre-Santos B, Frantz EDC, Scaramello CBV, Brito FCF, Motta NAV. Cilostazol attenuates cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:789-801. [PMID: 35384464 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic disease associated with pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative cardiovascular states. Cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor (PDE3), is clinically used in the treatment of intermittent claudication and secondary prevention of cerebral infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of cilostazol and the molecular mechanisms involved in hypercholesterolemic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group (C) and control + cilostazol group (C+CILO), that were fed a standard chow diet, and hypercholesterolemic diet group (HCD) and HCD + cilostazol (HCD+CILO) that were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Cilostazol treatment started after 30 days for C+CILO and HCD+CILO groups. Animals were administered cilostazol once a day for 15 days. Subsequently, serum and left ventricles were extracted for evaluation of lipid profile, inflammatory, and oxidative biomarkers. The HCD group displayed increased serum lipid levels, inflammatory cytokines production, and cardiac NF-kB protein expression and decreased cardiac Nrf2-mediated antioxidant activity. Conversely, the cilostazol treatment improved all these cardiac deleterious effects, inhibiting NF-kB activation and subsequently decreasing inflammatory mediators, reestablishing the antioxidant properties through Nrf2-mediated pathway, including increased SOD, GPx, and catalase expression. Taken together, our results indicated that cilostazol protects hypercholesterolemia-induced cardiac damage by molecular mechanisms targeting the crosstalk between Nrf2 induction and NF-kB inhibition in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ferreira Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Araújo Mendes
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil.,Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology Doris Rosenthal, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lis Jappour Autran
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Nikolas Cunha de Assis Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Stephani Correia Brazão
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences (LACE), Department of Morphology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences (LACE), Department of Morphology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christianne Brêtas Vieira Scaramello
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carla Ferreira Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Alice Vieira Motta
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
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Barteková M, Adameová A, Görbe A, Ferenczyová K, Pecháňová O, Lazou A, Dhalla NS, Ferdinandy P, Giricz Z. Natural and synthetic antioxidants targeting cardiac oxidative stress and redox signaling in cardiometabolic diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:446-477. [PMID: 33905865 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are metabolic diseases (e.g., obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, rare genetic metabolic diseases, etc.) associated with cardiac pathologies. Pathophysiology of most CMDs involves increased production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant defense systems, resulting in cardiac oxidative stress (OxS). To alleviate OxS, various antioxidants have been investigated in several diseases with conflicting results. Here we review the effect of CMDs on cardiac redox homeostasis, the role of OxS in cardiac pathologies, as well as experimental and clinical data on the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants (including resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, vitamins A, C, and E, coenzyme Q10, etc.), synthetic antioxidants (including N-acetylcysteine, SOD mimetics, mitoTEMPO, SkQ1, etc.), and promoters of antioxidant enzymes in CMDs. As no antioxidant indicated for the prevention and/or treatment of CMDs has reached the market despite the large number of preclinical and clinical studies, a sizeable translational gap is evident in this field. Thus, we also highlight potential underlying factors that may contribute to the failure of translation of antioxidant therapies in CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Barteková
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kristína Ferenczyová
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Oľga Pecháňová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81371 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, And Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
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Dimitriu T, Bolfa P, Suciu S, Cimpean A, Daradics Z, Catoi C, Armencea G, Baciut G, Bran S, Dinu C, Baciut M. Grape Seed Extract Reduces the Degree of Atherosclerosis in Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Rats - An Experimental Study. J Med Life 2021; 13:580-586. [PMID: 33456610 PMCID: PMC7803317 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases have been intensely studied in recent years. Oxidative stress is involved in the initiation and both progression of periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Antioxidants can reduce the effects of oxidative stress on inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to measure the effects of a grape seed extract (GSE), rich in antioxidants, on atherosclerosis caused by ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10: control group, periodontitis group, and periodontitis group treated with GSE (GSE group). Periodontitis was induced by placing an orthodontic wire around the cervix of the first mandibular molar and keeping it in place for 4 weeks. On days 1, 7 and 28, blood samples were taken to assess oxidative stress and inflammation markers (malondialdehyde and glutathione - MDA, reduced glutathione - GSH, C reactive protein) and lipids. After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and aortas were collected for histopathologic examination. MDA was significantly higher in Periodontitis group compared to the other groups only at day 7. GSH was significantly increased in the Control and GSE groups on days 1 and 7, compared to Periodontitis group and on day 28 higher in GSE vs. Periodontitis groups. C reactive protein was significantly increased in the Periodontitis group on days 1 and 7 compared to both groups. Cholesterol was significantly decreased in the aortas of GSE group at day 28 compared to the Periodontitis group. Oral administration of a grape seed extract reduces the oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Dimitriu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pompei Bolfa
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Soimita Suciu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Cimpean
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zsofia Daradics
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Catoi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Armencea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Reddy AT, Lakshmi SP, Maruthi Prasad E, Varadacharyulu NC, Kodidhela LD. Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses inflammation in human coronary artery endothelial cells by inhibiting NF-κB. Life Sci 2020; 258:118136. [PMID: 32726662 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis, controlling vascular tone and permeability as well as interactions of leukocytes and platelets with blood vessel walls. Consequently, endothelial dysfunction featuring inflammation and reduced vasodilation are considered central to cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis and have become a therapeutic area of focus. Type II endothelial cell (EC) activation by stress-related stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) initiates the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, a master regulator of inflammatory responses. Because dysregulated NF-κB signaling has been tightly linked to several CVDs, EC-specific inhibition of NF-κB represents an attractive pharmacological strategy. As accumulating evidence highlights the clinical benefits of tea catechin for multiple diseases including CVDs, we sought to determine whether the tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) that displays antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, anti-thrombogenic, and anti-hypertensive properties offers protection against CVDs by suppressing the canonical NF-κB pathway. Our findings indicate that EGCG downregulates multiple components of the TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway and thereby reduces the consequent increase in inflammatory gene transcription and protein expression. Furthermore, EGCG blocked type II EC activation, evidenced by diminished EC leakage and monocyte adhesion in EGCG-treated cells. In summary, our study advances knowledge of EGCG's anti-inflammatory effects on the NF-κB pathway and hence its benefits on endothelial health, supporting its therapeutic potential for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind T Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Sowmya P Lakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - E Maruthi Prasad
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - N Ch Varadacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshmi Devi Kodidhela
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Inosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside, avoids early stages of atherosclerosis development associated to eNOS activation and p38 MAPK/NF-kB inhibition in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173289. [PMID: 32565337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic disease, initiated by an endothelial dysfunction. Adenosine and its analogs can change a variety of inflammatory diseases and has shown important effects at different disease models. Inosine is a stable analogous of adenosine, but its effects in inflammatory diseases, like atherosclerosis, have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological properties of inosine, administered sub chronically in a hypercholesterolemic model. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group (C) and control + inosine (C + INO) received standard chow, hypercholesterolemic diet group (HCD) and HCD + inosine (HCD + INO) were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. At 31st experimentation day, the treatment with inosine was performed for C + INO and HCD + INO groups once daily in the last 15 days. We observed that the hypercholesterolemic diet promoted an increase in lipid levels and inflammatory cytokines production, while inosine treatment strongly decreased these effects. Additionally, HCD group presented a decrease in maximum relaxation acetylcholine induced and an increase in contractile response phenylephrine induced when compared to the control group, as well as it has presented an enhancement in collagen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. On the other hand, inosine treatment promoted a decrease in contractile response to phenylephrine, evoked an improvement in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant response and presented antiplatelet properties. Moreover, inosine activated eNOS and reduced p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway in aortic tissues. Taken together, the present results indicate inosine as a potential drug for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis.
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10
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Silva NLC, Motta NAV, Soares MA, Araujo OMO, Espíndola LCP, Colombo APV, Lopes RT, Brito FCF, Miranda ALP, Tributino JLM. Periodontal status, vascular reactivity, and platelet aggregation changes in rats submitted to hypercholesterolemic diet and periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:453-463. [PMID: 31994219 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Periodontitis can corroborate with development and progression of atherosclerosis and a possible bidirectional interaction between both pathologies has been hypothesized. The aim of this work was to study the interactions between diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and ligature-induced periodontitis in Wistar rats submitted to both conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals were divided into four experimental groups: C (control: standard diet without periodontitis), Perio (periodontitis plus standard diet), HC (high cholesterol diet without periodontitis), and HC + Perio (high cholesterol diet plus periodontitis). The diets were offered for 45 days and a silk ligature was applied in the lower first molars of Perio and HC-Perio animals on day 34 and maintained for 11 days until euthanasia. The mandibles were excised, and alveolar bone loss was determined by macroscopic and micro-tomographic (µ-CT) imaging. Blood samples were obtained, and platelet aggregation was induced in plasma rich in platelets by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. Endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity and protein expression of endothelial (eNOS), phosphorylated endothelial (peNOS), and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthases were evaluated in aorta samples. RESULTS The HC diet combined with periodontitis (HC + Perio group) was associated with an increased alveolar bone loss, when compared to the other groups. Both in Perio and HC groups, platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen was increased, while maximum aortic relaxation induced by acetylcholine was decreased. Periodontitis or HC diet alone decreased the expression of peNOS and HC diet increased the expression of iNOS. In contrast, no additive or synergistic effects were found in vascular reactivity or in platelet aggregation when the two conditions were associated (HC + Perio group). CONCLUSION Hypercholesterolemia accelerated the process of bone loss induced by periodontitis while a high cholesterol diet or periodontitis individually increased platelet aggregation and vascular reactivity in rats without additive or synergistic effects, when associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália L C Silva
- Laboratory of Studies in Experimental Pharmacology (LEFEx), Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nadia A V Motta
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Soares
- Laboratory of Studies in Experimental Pharmacology (LEFEx), Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Olga M O Araujo
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Nuclear Engineering Program (PEN), Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering (COPPE-UFRJ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laís Christina P Espíndola
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula V Colombo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Nuclear Engineering Program (PEN), Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering (COPPE-UFRJ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carla F Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa P Miranda
- Laboratory of Studies in Experimental Pharmacology (LEFEx), Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge L M Tributino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology (LFM), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Anbukkarasi M, Sundararajan M, Venkadeswaran K, Ruban VV, Anand T, Geraldine P. Antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of an extract of the plant Tabernaemontana divaricata in experimental rats fed an atherogenic diet. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zhang J, Wu K, Xu T, Wu J, Li P, Wang H, Wu H, Wu G. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances the osteoblastogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1311-1321. [PMID: 31114166 PMCID: PMC6485322 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s192683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol extracted from green tea, on the osteoblastogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Patients and methods hASCs were acquired from human adipose tissue. With informed consent, subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were harvested from periorbital fat pad resections from ten healthy female adults who underwent double eyelid surgery. hASCs were cultured in osteogenic medium with or without EGCG (1 μM, 5 μM, or 10 μM) for 14 days. We evaluated the effects of EGCG by quantifying cell growth, ALP activity (an early osteoblastogenic differentiation marker), BSP, OCN (a late osteoblastogenic differentiation marker), and extracellular matrix mineralization. We also performed Western blots to measure osteoblastogenesis-related proteins such as Runx2 and adipoblastogenesis-related transcription factors, such as STAT3, C/EBP-α, and PPAR-γ. Results EGCG at 5 μM resulted in significantly higher cell proliferation and ALP activity than did the control on days 3, 7, and 14. On day 7, 5 μM EGCG significantly enhanced BSP expression. On day 14, EGCG at all concentrations promoted OCN expression. In addition, EGCG at 5 μM resulted in the highest level of extracellular matrix mineralization. On day 3, the expression levels of Runx2 were significantly higher in the 5 μM EGCG group than in the other groups, whereas later, on days 7 and 14, Runx2 expression levels in the EGCG group were significantly lower than those of the control group. EGCG at all three concentrations was associated with significantly lower levels of phosphorylated STAT3, C/EBP-α, and PPAR-γ. Conclusion EGCG at 5 μM significantly enhanced the osteoblastogenic differentiation of hASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Kai Wu
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, North Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Huiling Wu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, North Holland, the Netherlands,
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Gautam A, Paudel YN, Abidin S, Bhandari U. Guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist lowers plasma trimethylamine- N-oxide levels: An evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:356-370. [PMID: 30526076 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118817862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the role of guggulsterone (GS), a farnesoid X receptor antagonist, in the choline metabolism and its trimethylamine (TMA)/flavin monooxygenases/trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) inhibiting potential in a series of in vitro and in vivo studies as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), and liquid chromatography (LC)-MS techniques. Atherosclerosis (AS) was successfully induced in a group of experimental animals fed with 2% choline diet for 6 weeks. Serum lipid profiles such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. Pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, markers for a hepatic injury, and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Interestingly, GS reduced the level of TMA/TMAO in both in vitro and in vivo studies as demonstrated by the peaks obtained from HPLC, MS, and LC-MS. Furthermore, GS exhibited cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic effects as evidenced by the attenuation of levels of several serum lipid profiles and different atherogenic risk predictor indexes. GS also prevented hepatic injury by successfully restoring the levels of hepatic injury biomarkers to normal. Similarly, GS inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, as well as GS, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and reduced lipid peroxidation. Histopathological study of aortic sections demonstrated that GS maintained the normal architecture in AS-induced rats. On the basis of results obtained from current investigation, we suggest that GS might have a great therapeutic potential for the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gautam
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Y N Paudel
- 3 Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saz Abidin
- 3 Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - U Bhandari
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2155-2172. [PMID: 30551473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of cardiovascular damage presents in diabetic patients independent of the coexistence of ischemic heart disease or hypertension. It is characterized by impaired diastolic relaxation time, myocardial dilatation and hypertrophy and reduced systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle. Molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes in the diabetic heart are most likely multifactorial and include, but not limited to, oxidative/nitrosative stress, increased advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and cell death. The aim of this review is to address the major molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of DCM. In addition, this review provides studies conducted to determine the pharmacological effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, focusing on its therapeutic potential against the processes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of DCM. EGCG has been shown to exert several potential therapeutic properties both in vitro and in vivo. Given its therapeutic potential, EGCG might be a promising drug candidate to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with DCM and other diabetes complications.
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Cui S, Li W, Lv X, Wang P, Huang G, Gao Y. Folic acid attenuates homocysteine and enhances antioxidative capacity in atherosclerotic rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1015-1022. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that can seriously endanger human life. Folic acid supplementation modulates several disorders, including atherosclerosis, via its antiapoptotic and antioxidative properties. This study investigated whether folic acid alleviates atherogenesis by restoring homocysteine levels and antioxidative capacity in atherosclerosis Wistar rats. To this end, 28 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (7 rats/group) as follows: (i) wild-type group, fed only the AIN-93 semi-purified rodent diet (folic acid: 2.1 mg/kg); (ii) high-fat + folic acid-deficient group (HF+DEF) (folic acid: 0.2 mg/kg); (iii) high-fat + normal folic acid group (folic acid: 2.1 mg/kg); and (iv) high-fat + folic acid-supplemented group (folic acid: 4.2 mg/kg). After 12 weeks, histopathological changes in the atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic arch were determined. In addition, serum folate levels, plasma homocysteine levels, plasma S-adenosyl-homocysteine levels, antioxidant status, oxidant status, and lipid profiles were evaluated. The results show aggravated atherosclerotic lesions in the HF+DEF group. Folic acid supplementation increased concentrations of serum folate. Further, folic acid supplementation increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, decreased plasma homocysteine levels, and improved antioxidant capacity in atherogenic rats. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that folic acid alleviates atherogenesis by reducing plasma homocysteine levels and improving antioxidant capacity in rats fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pengyan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
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Othman AI, Elkomy MM, El-Missiry M, Dardor M. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents cardiac apoptosis by modulating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 794:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Simvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers attenuate the atherogenic risk of erythrocytes in hyperlipidemic rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 96:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cruz AB, Pitz HDS, Veber B, Bini LA, Maraschin M, Zeni ALB. Assessment of bioactive metabolites and hypolipidemic effect of polyphenolic-rich red cabbage extract. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3033-3039. [PMID: 27436527 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1200633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and the consumption of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra DC. - Brassicaceae) has been linked with the reduction risk of chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study assesses the bioactive metabolites and hypolipidemic effect of red cabbage on rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The content of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity were assessed, while individual phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Acute hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of red cabbage (RC - 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was investigated using a Triton WR-1339 (400 mg/kg) induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats compared to fenofibrate (65 mg/kg). RESULTS The HPLC analysis of extracts revealed eight phenolic acids, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, m-coumaric, syringic, caffeic, cinnamic, dicaffeoylquinic and three flavonoids, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin. Furthermore, the aqueous extract showed higher amounts of total phenolics (116.00 mg/g), flavonoids (161.32 μg/g) and, antioxidant activity (87.19%) than the hydromethanolic (89.33 mg/g, 123.34 μg/g and 75.07%), respectively. The RC significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins alterations in hyperlipidemic rats without toxicity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Herein, the RC presented the higher amounts of phenolics and flavonoids comparing with the hydromethanolic extract. Additionally, the RC showed as the majority compounds, dicaffeoylquinic and cinnamic acids, and the flavonoids epicatechin and gallocatechin. Furthermore, the RC demonstrated a beneficial effect against hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, demonstrating its potential therapeutic effect on these risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Buss Cruz
- a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil
| | - Heloísa da Silva Pitz
- b Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Itacorubi, Florianópolis , SC , Brazil
| | - Bruno Veber
- a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil
| | - Larissa Alida Bini
- a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- b Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Itacorubi, Florianópolis , SC , Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Bertarello Zeni
- a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil
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Wu D. Green tea EGCG, T-cell function, and T-cell-mediated autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Investig Med 2016; 64:1213-1219. [PMID: 27531904 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are common, disabling immune disorders affecting millions of people. Recent studies indicate that dysregulated balance of different CD4+ T-cell subpopulations plays a key role in immune pathogenesis of several major autoimmune diseases. Green tea and its active ingredient, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have been shown to modulate immune cell functions and improve some autoimmune diseases in animal models. In a series of studies we determined EGCG's effect on T-cell functions and its application in autoimmune diseases. We first observed that EGCG inhibited CD4+ T-cell expansion induced by polyclonal (mitogens or anti-CD3/CD28) or antigen-specific stimulation. We then showed that EGCG suppressed expansion and cell cycle progression of naïve CD4+ T by modulating cell cycle-related proteins. EGCG also inhibited naive CD4+ T-cell differentiation into Th1 and Th17 effector subsets by impacting their respective signaling transducers and transcription factors. These results suggest that EGCG may improve T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, an animal model for human multiple sclerosis, we found that dietary supplementation with EGCG attenuated the disease's symptoms and pathology. These EGCG-induced changes are associated with findings in the immune and inflammation profiles in lymphoid tissues and the central nervous system: a reduction in proliferation of autoreactive T cells, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and Th1 and Th17 subpopulations, and an increase in regulatory T-cell populations. These results suggest that green tea or its active components may have a preventive and therapeutic potential in dealing with T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. However, the translational value of these findings needs to be validated in future human studies.
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de Athayde Moncorvo Collado A, Dupuy FG, Morero RD, Minahk C. Cholesterol induces surface localization of polyphenols in model membranes thus enhancing vesicle stability against lysozyme, but reduces protection of distant double bonds from reactive-oxygen species. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1479-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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An experimental evaluation of the anti-atherogenic potential of the plant, Piper betle, and its active constitutent, eugenol, in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:276-288. [PMID: 27133067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for systemic atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease. Lipoperoxidation-mediated oxidative damage is believed to contribute strongly to the progression of atherogenesis. In the current investigation, putative anti-atherogenic and antioxidative properties of an ethanolic extract of Piper betle and of its active constituent, eugenol, were sought in an experimental animal model of chronic hypercholesterolemia. Atherogenic diet-fed rats that received either Piper betle extract orally (500mg/kg b.wt) or eugenol orally (5mg/kg b.wt) for 15days (commencing 30days after the atherogenic diet had been started) exhibited the following variations in different parameters, when compared to atherogenic diet-fed rats that received only saline: (1) significantly lower mean levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol in both serum and hepatic tissue samples; (2) lower mean serum levels of aspartate amino-transferase, alanine amino-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid-metabolizing enzymes (lipoprotein lipase, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase; (3) significantly lower mean levels of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) and significantly higher mean levels of malondialdehyde in haemolysate and hepatic tissue samples. Histopathological findings suggested a protective effect of the Piper betle extract and a more pronounced protective effect of eugenol on the hepatic and aortic tissues of atherogenic diet-fed (presumed atherosclerotic) rats. These results strongly suggest that the Piper betle extract and its active constituent, eugenol, exhibit anti-atherogenic effects which may be due to their anti-oxidative properties.
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da Motta NAV, de Brito FCF. Cilostazol exerts antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects through AMPK activation and NF-kB inhibition on hypercholesterolemic rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:327-37. [PMID: 26950185 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a model of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, receiving a long-term oral administration of cilostazol, a PDE3-inhibitor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which cilostazol interferes with platelets signaling pathways to avoid atherosclerosis early development. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Control group received standard rat chow (C), hypercholesterolemic group (HCD), and HCD+CIL (cilostazol group) received hypercholesterolemic diet for 45 days. HCD+CIL group received cilostazol (30 mg/kg/p.o.) once daily in the last 15 days. Platelet aggregation, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and cytokine serum levels were assessed. Expression of P-selectin, CD40L, PKC-α, IkB-α, and iNOS and activation of AMPK, NF-κB, and eNOS in the platelets were assessed using Western blot analysis. Cilostazol reduced the levels of total cholesterol (361.0 ± 12.8 vs. 111.5 ± 1.6 mg/dL), triglycerides (186.9 ± 17.7 vs. 55.4 ±3.1 mg/dL), cLDL (330.9 ± 9.7 vs. 61.5 ± 3.5 mg/dL), cVLDL (45.0 ± 4.6 vs. 11.1 ± 0.6 mg/dL), and malondialdehyde (9.4 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.3 nmol/mL) compared to the HCD group. Cilostazol presented antiplatelet properties and decreased inflammatory markers levels. These effects seem to be related to AMPK activation, NF-kB inhibition, and eNOS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Alice Vieira da Motta
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental (LAFE), Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Sala 204-A, 24230-210, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carla Ferreira de Brito
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental (LAFE), Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Sala 204-A, 24230-210, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chowdhury A, Sarkar J, Chakraborti T, Pramanik PK, Chakraborti S. Protective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in health and disease: A perspective. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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LASSBio-1425, an analog of thalidomide, decreases triglyceride and increases HDL cholesterol levels by inhibition of TNF-α production. Int J Cardiol 2015; 202:497-9. [PMID: 26440459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Impact of tea drinking upon tuberculosis: a neglected issue. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:515. [PMID: 26021567 PMCID: PMC4446809 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue posing serious harm to the human health. Many studies have suggested that smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are risk factors for TB. Laboratory evidence suggests that EGCG in tea leaves can arrest the growth of tubercle bacillus. Can drinking tea lead to decreased susceptibility of TB in humans? METHODS A total of 574 TB patients and 582 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this case-control study. Self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. Unconditioned logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the associations between tea drinking and TB. RESULTS Tea drinking has a negative association with TB, with OR = 0.583(0.423, 0.804) and P < 0.05. Drinking black tea, oolong and green tea are all negative association with TB, with OR being 0.683(0.517, 0.902), 0.674(0.508, 0.894) and 0.534(0.349, 0.817) respectively and P < 0.05. Trend χ (2) test indicated a decreasing risk for TB with increased tea consumption, with P < 0.05. CONCLUSION There is a significance negative association between tea drinking and TB. Promoting the consumption of tea as the daily drink among populations, particularly those with high TB risk, may reduce the incidence of TB in the populations.
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Pae M, Wu D. Immunomodulating effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea: mechanisms and applications. Food Funct 2014; 4:1287-303. [PMID: 23835657 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Consuming green tea or its active ingredient, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has been shown consistently to benefit the healthy functioning of several body systems. In the immune system specifically, accumulating evidence has revealed an immunomodulating effect of green tea/EGCG. Several types of immune cells in both the innate and adaptive immune systems are known to be affected in varying degrees by green tea/EGCG. Among them, the dramatic effect on T cell functions has been repeatedly demonstrated, including T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and production of cytokines. In particular, dysregulated T cell function with respect to different subsets of CD4(+) T cells is a critical pathogenic factor in the development of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that EGCG affects the differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells into different effector subsets in a way that would be expected to favorably impact autoimmunity. Consistent with these findings, studies using animal models of autoimmune diseases have reported disease improvement in animals treated with green tea/EGCG. Altogether, these studies identify and support the use of EGCG as a potential therapeutic agent in preventing and ameliorating T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Given the paucity of information in human studies, the translational value of these findings needs to be verified in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkyong Pae
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Jin D, Xu Y, Mei X, Meng Q, Gao Y, Li B, Tu Y. Antiobesity and lipid lowering effects of theaflavins on high-fat diet induced obese rats. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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da Motta NAV, Kümmerle AE, Marostica E, dos Santos CF, Fraga CAM, Barreiro EJ, de Miranda ALP, de Brito FCF. Anti-atherogenic Effects of a New Thienylacylhydrazone Derivative, LASSBio-788, in Rats Fed a Hypercholesterolemic Diet. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 123:47-57. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13016fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Li Y, Zhao S, Zhang W, Zhao P, He B, Wu N, Han P. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) attenuates FFAs-induced peripheral insulin resistance through AMPK pathway and insulin signaling pathway in vivo. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 93:205-214. [PMID: 21514684 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) on free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced peripheral insulin resistance in vivo. Overnight-fasted Wistar rats were subjected to 48-h intravenous infusion of either saline or Intralipid plus heparin (IH) with or without different doses of EGCG co-injection. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed in awake rats to assess peripheral insulin sensitivity. Co-injection with EGCG significantly prevented FFAs-induced peripheral insulin resistance, decreased plasma markers of oxidative stress: malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostaglandin, and increased antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutases (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Furthermore, EGCG treatment reversed IH-induced: (1) decrease in Thr172 phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK); (2) increase in protein kinase Cθ(PKCθ) membrane translocation and Ser307 phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1); (3) decrease in Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt and Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Our data suggest that EGCG treatment ameliorated FFAs-induced peripheral insulin resistance in vivo, and this might be through decreasing oxidative stress and PKCθ membrane translocation, activating the AMPK pathway and improving insulin signaling pathway in vivo. This study suggests the therapeutic value of EGCG in protecting from insulin resistance caused by elevated FFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Fourth Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Record, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Bing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Pae M, Ren Z, Meydani M, Shang F, Smith D, Meydani SN, Wu D. Dietary supplementation with high dose of epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes inflammatory response in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:526-31. [PMID: 21684134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea has been indicated to have anti-inflammatory activity. However, most of the evidence is in vitro studies in which EGCG is often added at levels unachievable by oral intake. With few exceptions, in vivo studies along this line have been conducted in animal models of diseases, and the results are inconclusive. In this study, we fed C57BL/6 mice a diet containing 0%, 0.15%, 0.3% or 1% (w/w) EGCG for 6 weeks. Contrary to the assumption that EGCG would reduce inflammatory response, mice fed 0.15% and 0.3% EGCG diet exhibited no change while those fed 1% EGCG diet produced more proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β and lipid inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E(2) in their splenocytes and macrophages (MΦ) and less IL-4 in splenocytes. Spleens from the mice fed 1% EGCG diet also had higher proportions of regulatory T cells, MΦ, natural killer (NK) cells and NKT cells compared to those from mice fed the other diets. These results suggest that high intake of EGCG may induce a proinflammatory response, and this change may be associated with a disturbed homeostasis of immune cells involving changes in both function and number of specific immune cell populations. While the mechanisms and clinical significance for this effect of EGCG remain to be investigated further, these data suggest the need for defining accurate EGCG dose limits to induce an anti-inflammatory effect since current data indicate that higher doses would produce an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkyong Pae
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Black and green tea improves lipid profile and lipid peroxidation parameters in Wistar rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. J Physiol Biochem 2010; 67:95-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-010-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Korish AA. Multiple antioxidants and L-arginine modulate inflammation and dyslipidemia in chronic renal failure rats. Ren Fail 2010; 32:203-13. [PMID: 20199183 DOI: 10.3109/08860221003592820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is an important source of L-arginine, the endogenous precursor of nitric oxide (NO). Surgical problems requiring extensive renal mass reduction (RMR) decrease renal NO production, leading to multiple hemodynamic and homeostatic disorders manifested by hypertension, oxidative stress, and increased inflammatory cytokines. Using the RMR model of chronic renal failure (CRF), we assessed the effects of twelve weeks' administration of L-arginine and/or a mixture of antioxidants (L-carnitine, catechin, vitamins E and C) on plasma cytokines, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), nitrate and nitrites (NO(2)/NO(3)), lipid profile, blood pressure, and renal function. CRF rats showed increased plasma IL-1 alpha, IL1-beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and sICAM-1 levels and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and 10 levels, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. L-arginine treatment improved kidney functions, decreased systolic blood pressure, and decreased inflammatory cytokines levels. Antioxidants administration decreased inflammatory cytokines and sICAM-1 levels and increased IL-4 levels. Combined use of both L-arginine and the antioxidant mixture were very effective in their tendency to recover normal values of kidney functions, plasma cytokines, sICAM-1, blood pressure, NO(2)/NO(3), cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations. Indeed, the effects of L-arginine and the antioxidants on the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines may open new perspectives in the treatment of uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida A Korish
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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Küçükgergin C, Aydin AF, Ozdemirler-Erata G, Mehmetçik G, Koçak-Toker N, Uysal M. Effect of artichoke leaf extract on hepatic and cardiac oxidative stress in rats fed on high cholesterol diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 135:264-74. [PMID: 19652921 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation play complementary roles in atherosclerosis. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae) leaf extract (ALE), rich in antioxidants, has cholesterol-reducing effect. We investigated the effect of ALE on serum and hepatic lipid levels and pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance in the liver and heart of hypercholesterolemic rats. Rats were fed on 4% (w/w) cholesterol and 1% cholic acid (w/w) supplemented diet for 1 month. ALE (1.5 g/kg/day) was given by gavage during the last 2 weeks. High cholesterol (HC) diet caused significant increases in serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels in both tissues. Hepatic vitamin E levels and hepatic and cardiac glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities decreased, but superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase activities, glutathione, and vitamin C levels remained unchanged due to HC diet. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and ratio of cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased in ALE plus HC-treated rats, but liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels remained unchanged. Significant decreases in hepatic and cardiac MDA and DC levels and increases in hepatic vitamin E and GSH-Px activities were observed in ALE-treated hypercholesterolemic rats. Our results indicate that ALE decreases serum lipids and hypercholesterolemia-induced pro-oxidant state in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Küçükgergin
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Capa, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant activity of chronic epigallocatechin-gallate in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2010; 17:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Abstract
The health benefits of green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins are becoming increasingly recognised. Amongst the proposed benefits are the maintenance of endothelial function and vascular homeostasis and an associated reduction in atherogenesis and CVD risk. The mounting evidence for the influential effect of green tea catechins on vascular function from epidemiological, human intervention and animal studies is subject to review together with exploration of the potential mechanistic pathways involved. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, one of the most abundant and widely studied catechin found in green tea, will be prominent in the present review. Since there is a substantial inconsistency in the published data with regards to the impact of green tea catechins on vascular function, evaluation and interpretation of the inter- and intra-study variability is included. In conclusion, a positive effect of green tea catechins on vascular function is becoming apparent. Further studies in animal and cell models using physiological concentrations of catechins and their metabolites are warranted in order to gain some insight into the physiology and molecular basis of the observed beneficial effects.
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Ramesh E, Geraldine P, Thomas P. Regulatory effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the expression of C-reactive protein and other inflammatory markers in an experimental model of atherosclerosis. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 183:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gingival vascular damage in atherosclerotic rabbits: Hydroxytyrosol and squalene benefits. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2327-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ramesh E, Jayakumar T, Elanchezhian R, Sakthivel M, Geraldine P, Thomas P. Green tea catechins, alleviate hepatic lipidemic-oxidative injury in Wistar rats fed an atherogenic diet. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Sanbe T, Irie K, Azuma T, Maruyama T, Tamaki N, Murakami J, Kokeguchi S, Yamamoto T. Vitamin C intake attenuates the degree of experimental atherosclerosis induced by periodontitis in the rat by decreasing oxidative stress. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:495-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Green tea: beneficial effects on cholesterol and lipid metabolism besides endothelial function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:497. [PMID: 18677179 DOI: 10.1097/hjr.0b013e32830e1e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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