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da Silva SB, Feitosa SGD, de L Alves SM, Santos RCA, Dos Anjos JV, Araújo AV. A Concise and Useful Guide to Understand How Alpha1 Adrenoceptor Antagonists Work. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2383-2405. [PMID: 35507746 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220504141949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adrenoceptors are the receptors for the catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline. They are divided in α (α1 and α2) and β (β1, β2 and β3). α1-Adrenoceptors are subdivided in α1A, α1B and α1D. Most tissues express mixtures of α1-adrenoceptors subtypes, which appear to coexist in different densities and ratios, and in most cases their responses are probably due to the activation of more than one type. The three subtypes of α1-adrenoceptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), specifically coupled to Gq/11. Additionally, the activation of these receptors may activate other signaling pathways or different components of these pathways, which leads to a great variety of possible cellular effects. The first clinically used α1 antagonist was Prazosin, for Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH). It was followed by its congeners, Terazosin and Doxazosin. Nowadays, there are many classes of α-adrenergic antagonists with different selectivity profiles. In addition to SAH, the α1-adrenoceptors are used for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and urolithiasis. This antagonism may be part of the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants. Moreover, the activation of these receptors may lead to adverse effects such as orthostatic hypotension, similar to what happens with the antidepressants and with some antipsychotic. Structure-activity relationships can explain, in part, how antagonists work and how selective they can be for each one of the subtypes. However, it is necessary to develop new molecules which antagonize the α1-adrenoceptors or make chemical modifications in these molecules to improve the selectivity, pharmacokinetic profile and/or reduce the adverse effects of known drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidiane B da Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica - Centro Acadêmico de Vitória - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n Bela Vista - Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 50608-680, Brazil
| | - Sidney G D Feitosa
- Departamento de Química Fundamental - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n, Cidade Universitária - Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Silvia M de L Alves
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica - Centro Acadêmico de Vitória - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n Bela Vista - Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 50608-680, Brazil
| | - Ruth C A Santos
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica - Centro Acadêmico de Vitória - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n Bela Vista - Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 50608-680, Brazil
| | - Janaína V Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n, Cidade Universitária - Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Alice V Araújo
- Núcleo de Saúde Pública, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n Bela Vista - Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 50608-680, Brazil
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Perez DM. Current Developments on the Role of α 1-Adrenergic Receptors in Cognition, Cardioprotection, and Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652152. [PMID: 34113612 PMCID: PMC8185284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors that bind the endogenous catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. They play a key role in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system along with β and α2-AR family members. While all of the adrenergic receptors bind with similar affinity to the catecholamines, they can regulate different physiologies and pathophysiologies in the body because they couple to different G-proteins and signal transduction pathways, commonly in opposition to one another. While α1-AR subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1C) have long been known to be primary regulators of vascular smooth muscle contraction, blood pressure, and cardiac hypertrophy, their role in neurotransmission, improving cognition, protecting the heart during ischemia and failure, and regulating whole body and organ metabolism are not well known and are more recent developments. These advancements have been made possible through the development of transgenic and knockout mouse models and more selective ligands to advance their research. Here, we will review the recent literature to provide new insights into these physiological functions and possible use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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DeLalio LJ, Keller AS, Chen J, Boyce AK, Artamonov M, Askew-Page HR, Keller TS, Johnstone SR, Weaver RB, Good ME, Murphy S, Best AK, Mintz EL, Penuela S, Greenwood I, Machado RF, Somlyo AV, Swayne LA, Minshall R, Isakson BE. Interaction Between Pannexin 1 and Caveolin-1 in Smooth Muscle Can Regulate Blood Pressure. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2065-2078. [PMID: 30026274 PMCID: PMC6202122 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Sympathetic nerve innervation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a major regulator of arteriolar vasoconstriction, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Importantly, α-adrenergic receptor stimulation, which uniquely couples with Panx1 (pannexin 1) channel-mediated ATP release in resistance arteries, also requires localization to membrane caveolae. Here, we test whether localization of Panx1 to Cav1 (caveolin-1) promotes channel function (stimulus-dependent ATP release and adrenergic vasoconstriction) and is important for blood pressure homeostasis. Approach and Results- We use in vitro VSMC culture models, ex vivo resistance arteries, and a novel inducible VSMC-specific Cav1 knockout mouse to probe interactions between Panx1 and Cav1. We report that Panx1 and Cav1 colocalized on the VSMC plasma membrane of resistance arteries near sympathetic nerves in an adrenergic stimulus-dependent manner. Genetic deletion of Cav1 significantly blunts adrenergic-stimulated ATP release and vasoconstriction, with no direct influence on endothelium-dependent vasodilation or cardiac function. A significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (total=4 mm Hg; night=7 mm Hg) occurred in mice deficient for VSMC Cav1. These animals were resistant to further blood pressure lowering using a Panx1 peptide inhibitor Px1IL2P, which targets an intracellular loop region necessary for channel function. Conclusions- Translocalization of Panx1 to Cav1-enriched caveolae in VSMCs augments the release of purinergic stimuli necessary for proper adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction and blood pressure homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J. DeLalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Alexander S. Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew K.J. Boyce
- Division of Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Mykhaylo Artamonov
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Henry R. Askew-Page
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - T.C. Stevenson Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Scott R. Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Rachel B. Weaver
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Miranda E. Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Sara Murphy
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Angela K. Best
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ellen L. Mintz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich Scholl of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London ON, Canada
| | - Iain Greenwood
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s University London UK
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, & Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Avril V. Somlyo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Richard Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Lázaro-Suárez ML, Gómez-Zamudio JH, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Tanoue A, Tsujimoto G, Villalobos-Molina R. Angiotensin II modifies the expression of α(1)-adrenoceptors in aorta smooth muscle cells of α(1D)-adrenoceptor knockout mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:57-63. [PMID: 21951585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2011.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1 The effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on α(1A)-, α(1B)-, and a(1D)-adrenoceptors (α(1)-AR) expression was analyzed in aorta smooth muscle cells obtained from wild-type (WT) and knock out of α(1D)-AR (α(1D)-AR KO) mice. 2 The relative abundance of mRNA for the three α(1)-ARs was determined in WT and α(1D)-AR KO aortic smooth muscle cells. There were no significant differences between WT and α(1D)-AR KO cells. 3 As early as 1 h Ang II increased α(1B)-AR mRNA in WT cells ≈ 2 fold compared with control; in contrast, in α(1D)-AR KO cells the α(1B)-AR transcript was ≈ 50% of control. 4 Western blot assays showed that Ang II incremented protein content for α(1A)-AR, 86% and 107% in WT and α(1D)-AR KO cells, respectively. 5 Protein for α(1B)- and α(1D)-ARs did not change significantly with Ang II in both WT and a(1D)-AR KO cells. 6 The effect of Ang II on α(1B)-AR mRNA seems to be influenced by the absence of α(1D)-AR in aortic smooth muscle cells, which might be important to understand the interactions among α(1)-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Lázaro-Suárez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México
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