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Okoro NO, Odiba AS, Han J, Osadebe PO, Omeje EO, Liao G, Liu Y, Jin C, Fang W, Liu H, Wang B. Ganoderma lucidum methyl ganoderate E extends lifespan and modulates aging-related indicators in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Funct 2024; 15:530-542. [PMID: 38108452 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Methyl Ganoderate E (MGE) is a triterpenoid derived from Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), an edible mushroom, commonly processed into food forms such as soups, drinks, culinary dishes, and supplements. MGE has been shown to inhibit 3T3-L1 murine adipocyte differentiation when combined with other G. lucidum triterpenes. However, the specific effect of MGE on biological processes remains unknown. In this study, we present the first evidence of MGE's anti-aging effect in Caenorhabditis elegans. Through our screening process using the UPRER regulation ability, we evaluated a library of 74 pure compounds isolated from G. lucidum, and MGE exhibited the most promising results. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that MGE extended the lifespan by 26% at 10 μg ml-1 through daf-16, hsf-1, and skn-1-dependent pathways. MGE also enhanced resistance to various molecular stressors, improved healthspan, increased fertility, and reduced the aggregation of alpha-synuclein and amyloid-beta. Transcriptome data revealed that MGE promoted processes associated with proteolysis and neural activity, while not promoting cell death processes. Collectively, our findings suggest that G. lucidum MGE could be considered as a potential anti-aging intervention, adding to the growing list of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkwachukwu Oziamara Okoro
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Arome Solomon Odiba
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
- State Key Lab of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Lab of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | | | - Edwin Ogechukwu Omeje
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Guiyan Liao
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Yichen Liu
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Lab of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wenxia Fang
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Lab of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
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Balampekou EI, Koveos DS, Kapranas A, Menexes GC, Kouloussis NA. The Roles of Mating, Age, and Diet in Starvation Resistance in Bactrocera oleae (Olive Fruit Fly). INSECTS 2023; 14:841. [PMID: 37999040 PMCID: PMC10672083 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae)), although a pest of major economic importance for the olive industry, has not been sufficiently studied with respect to the factors affecting its survival resistance to food deprivation. In the present study, we examined the effect of the interaction between mating status (virgin/mated), age class (11-20/21-30/31-40/41-50), and diet quality (protein plus sugar or only sugar) on starvation resistance in B. oleae under constant laboratory conditions. We conducted a total of 16 treatments (2 × 4 × 2 = 16) for each gender. Our results showed that starvation resistance in B. oleae did not differ significantly between females and males. The main conclusions of our study regarding mating status, age, and diet indicated that mated adults showed much less starvation resistance compared to virgins, younger adults endured longer, and the adults fed a restricted diet endured longer than those fed a full diet. A three-way interaction between mating status, diet, and age class was also identified and was the same for both genders. The interaction between mating status, age class, and diet also had a significant influence on starvation resistance in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nikos A. Kouloussis
- School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.I.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.K.); (G.C.M.)
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3
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Tuo W, Wang S, Shi Y, Cao W, Liu Y, Su Y, Xiu M, He J. Angelica sinensis polysaccharide extends lifespan and ameliorates aging-related diseases via insulin and TOR signaling pathways, and antioxidant ability in Drosophila. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124639. [PMID: 37121419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) is one of the principal active components of Angelica sinensis (AS) that is widely used in natural medicine and has various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and enhancing immunity. However, its pharmacological role of anti-aging needs to be clarified. Here, we detected the beneficial effect and mechanism of ASP on healthy aging and aging-related diseases using the Drosophila melanogaster model. The results showed that oral administration of ASP remarkably extended lifespan, increased reproduction, improved climbing ability, and increased resistance to starvation and oxidative stress in aged flies, mainly via inhibiting insulin signaling (IIS) and TOR signaling and boosting antioxidant ability. Further, ASP supplementation protected against aging-induced intestinal homeostasis imbalance via inhibiting intestinal stem cells (ISCs) hyperproliferation and oxidative damage, improved sleep disorders via rescuing sleep rhythm in aged flies, and had a neuroprotective effect on Aβ42 transgenic flies. Taken together, our findings shed light on the possibility that ASP could increase lifespan, improve healthy aging, and ultimately reduce the incidence of age-related illnesses. It holds promise as a candidate for anti-aging intervention and treatment for aging-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tuo
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wangjie Cao
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Su
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Minghui Xiu
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jianzheng He
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Klüber P, Arous E, Zorn H, Rühl M. Protein- and Carbohydrate-Rich Supplements in Feeding Adult Black Soldier Flies ( Hermetia illucens) Affect Life History Traits and Egg Productivity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020355. [PMID: 36836709 PMCID: PMC9966864 DOI: 10.3390/life13020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (BSF; Diptera: Stratiomyidae), has come into the focus of research over the past decade since its larvae are polyphagous feeders with an exceptional substrate range, making them a promising candidate for the bioconversion of various organic side streams into valuable insect protein. While larval nutritional requirements have been studied in detail, basic information on adult feeding is still lacking. The reproduction of adult flies is a bottleneck and key determinant in rearing BSF, which has extensive potential for improvement. In the present study, we examined the impact of different carbohydrate (honey and d-glucose) and protein sources (Spirulina and Chlorella powder) on a variety of life history traits using a highly standardized single pair approach. Feeding a 5% honey solution was shown to make females live 2.8 d longer, become more fecund (9 egg clutches per 10 females), lay more eggs (increasing 1.7-fold to 182.4 mg per 10 females), reduce the number of failed oviposition events 3-fold and increase multiple oviposition events from 2 to 15. Additionally, female longevity after oviposition improved 1.7-fold from 6.7 to 11.5 d. In order to further optimize adult feeding, mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates with varying ratios should be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Klüber
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-97219289
| | - Emna Arous
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Rühl
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Pogue T, Malod K, Weldon CW. Patterns of Remating Behaviour in Ceratitis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Species of Varying Lifespan. Front Physiol 2022; 13:824768. [PMID: 35197865 PMCID: PMC8859485 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.824768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trade-offs between life-history traits offset the energetic costs of maintaining fitness in complex environments. Ceratitis species have been recorded to have long lifespans, which may have evolved in response to seasonal resource fluctuation. It is thus likely that reproductive patterns have evolved concomitantly as part of the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction. In this study, we investigated how reproductive patterns differ between Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann; Diptera: Tephritidae), two species with different average and maximum lifespans. Females of both species were mated and patterns of female survival, fecundity, remating and sperm storage were tested. Ceratitis cosyra had a higher rate of survival and a lower fecundity when compared with the shorter-lived C. capitata, suggesting that both species exhibit a trade-off between lifespan and reproduction. Both species showed a similar and consistent willingness to remate, despite declines in sperm storage, suggesting that sperm alone does not fully inhibit remating. As expected, C. cosyra transferred high numbers of sperm during the first mating. However, sperm stores declined unexpectedly by 14 days. This indicates that males might transfer large ejaculates as a nuptial gift, that females then later degrade as a source of nutrients. Large declines in sperm storage may also indicate that females discard excess sperm stores due to the toxicity involved with storing sperm. These results do not suggest that patterns of sperm storage and remating align with lifespan and resource seasonality in these species, but a wider range of species needs to be assessed to better understand variation in Ceratitis mating systems.
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Malod K, Roets PD, Bosua H, Archer CR, Weldon CW. Selecting on age of female reproduction affects lifespan in both sexes and age-dependent reproductive effort in female (but not male) Ceratitis cosyra. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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7
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Lin Z, Lopes ME, Müller HG. High-Dimensional MANOVA Via Bootstrapping and Its Application to Functional and Sparse Count Data. J Am Stat Assoc 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2021.1920959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miles E. Lopes
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, CA
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8
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Genotype and Trait Specific Responses to Rapamycin Intake in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050474. [PMID: 34065203 PMCID: PMC8161023 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Rapamycin is commonly used as an immunosuppressant, but also as an anti-aging medicine. Despite its widespread use, results suggest that there is large variability in drug efficiency among patients, and limited knowledge exists about potential side-effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of rapamycin using the common fruit fly as model organism. Six genetically distinct lines were exposed to rapamycin, and the phenotypic consequence on fecundity, longevity and heat stress tolerance was quantified. Flies exposed to rapamycin had increased longevity and heat stress tolerance, however a side effect in the form of decreased fecundity was also observed. Our data clearly show that the costs and benefits of rapamycin treatment is strongly genotype dependent. These observations are important as they imply that a ‘one size fits all’ approach when it comes to rapamycin treatment is not advisable. Future studies should address the underlying genetic component that drive the drug response variability. Abstract Rapamycin is a powerful inhibitor of the TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway, which is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, that plays a central role in plants and animals. Rapamycin is used globally as an immunosuppressant and as an anti-aging medicine. Despite widespread use, treatment efficiency varies considerably across patients, and little is known about potential side effects. Here we seek to investigate the effects of rapamycin by using Drosophila melanogaster as model system. Six isogenic D. melanogaster lines were assessed for their fecundity, male longevity and male heat stress tolerance with or without rapamycin treatment. The results showed increased longevity and heat stress tolerance for male flies treated with rapamycin. Conversely, the fecundity of rapamycin-exposed individuals was lower than for flies from the non-treated group, suggesting unwanted side effects of the drug in D. melanogaster. We found strong evidence for genotype-by-treatment interactions suggesting that a ‘one size fits all’ approach when it comes to treatment with rapamycin is not recommendable. The beneficial responses to rapamycin exposure for stress tolerance and longevity are in agreement with previous findings, however, the unexpected effects on reproduction are worrying and need further investigation and question common believes that rapamycin constitutes a harmless drug.
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Meng X, Hu J, Plant RE, Carpenter TE, Carey JR. Distinctive egg-laying patterns in terminal versus non-terminal periods in three fruit fly species. Exp Gerontol 2021; 145:111201. [PMID: 33316371 PMCID: PMC7855919 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The specific objective of this study was to use a logistic regression model for determining the degree to which egg laying patterns of individual females at the end of life (i.e., terminal segments) in each of three different fruit fly species could be distinguished from the egg-laying patterns over a similar period in midlife (i.e., non-terminal segments). Extracting data from large-scale databases for 11-day terminal and 11-day non-terminal segments in the vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster), the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) and the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) and organizing the model's results in a 2 × 2 contingency table, we found that: (1) daily egg-laying patterns in fruit flies can be used to distinguish terminal from non-terminal periods; (2) the overall performance metrics such as precision, accuracy, false positives and true negatives depended heavily on species; (3) differentiating between terminal and non-terminal segments is more difficult when flies die at younger ages; and (4) among the three species the best performing metrics including accuracy and precision were those produced using data on D. melanogaster. We conclude that, although the reliability of the prediction of whether a segment occurred at the end of life is relatively high for most species, it does not follow precisely predicting remaining life will also be highly reliable since classifying an end of life period is a fundamentally different challenge than is predicting an exact day of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Meng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China; College of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Richard E Plant
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Tim E Carpenter
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - James R Carey
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA; Center for the Economic and Demography of Aging, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA.
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Savola E, Montgomery C, Waldron FM, Monteith KM, Vale P, Walling C. Testing evolutionary explanations for the lifespan benefit of dietary restriction in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Evolution 2021; 75:450-463. [PMID: 33320333 PMCID: PMC8609428 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR), limiting calories or specific nutrients without malnutrition, extends lifespan across diverse taxa. Traditionally, this lifespan extension has been explained as a result of diet-mediated changes in the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction, with survival favored when resources are scarce. However, a recently proposed alternative suggests that the selective benefit of the response to DR is the maintenance of reproduction. This hypothesis predicts that lifespan extension is a side effect of benign laboratory conditions, and DR individuals would be frailer and unable to deal with additional stressors, and thus lifespan extension should disappear under more stressful conditions. We tested this by rearing outbred female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) on 10 different protein:carbohydrate diets. Flies were either infected with a bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas entomophila), injured with a sterile pinprick, or unstressed. We monitored lifespan, fecundity, and measures of aging. DR extended lifespan and reduced reproduction irrespective of injury and infection. Infected flies on lower protein diets had particularly poor survival. Exposure to infection and injury did not substantially alter the relationship between diet and aging patterns. These results do not provide support for lifespan extension under DR being a side effect of benign laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eevi Savola
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Clara Montgomery
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Fergal M Waldron
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Katy M Monteith
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Pedro Vale
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Craig Walling
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
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Rodrigues HS, Haddi K, Campos MO, Ferreira-Filho NA, Guedes RNC, Newland PL, Oliveira EE. Synergism and unintended effects of the association between imidacloprid and sodium chloride (NaCl) on the management of Euschistus heros. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:417-424. [PMID: 32761689 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of insecticidal solutions containing sodium chloride (NaCl) has been proposed as a more environmentally friendly alternative to managing stink bug infestations of Neotropical soybean fields. The potential sublethal and undesirable effects of this practice have, however, been overlooked, especially with novel insecticides. Here, we have evaluated experimentally whether the addition of NaCl (0.5% w/v) to imidacloprid-containing solutions could alter insecticide toxicity and modify the reproductive responses of the Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros. RESULTS Adding NaCl to imidacloprid solutions significantly increased imidacloprid toxicity against E. heros. The exposure to E. heros to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid affected the insect's mating abilities in a concentration-dependent manner. The addition of NaCl to solutions containing imidacloprid at concentrations as low as 0.126 μg a.i. cm-2 (i.e. the equivalent to 3% of field rate recommendation) also impacted the sexual behavior of E. heros, reducing mating duration. NaCl-exposed stink bugs, however, exhibited higher fecundity and fertility rates than those insects that were unexposed to NaCl or those that were exposed to sublethal levels of imidacloprid only. CONCLUSIONS The addition of low amounts of NaCl resulted in a higher toxicity of imidacloprid. This practice, however, can also lead to undesirable effects as increasing reproductive output of E. heros that can potentially compromise the management of these insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hígor S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Khalid Haddi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Mateus O Campos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Departament of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Ruiz-Montoya L, Vallejo RV, Haymer D, Liedo P. Genetic and Ecological Relationships of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations in Southern Mexico. INSECTS 2020; 11:E815. [PMID: 33227892 PMCID: PMC7699260 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the influence of evolutionary factors that promote either the differentiation or cohesion of pest insect populations is critical for the improvement of control strategies. Here, we explore the extent to which genetic differentiation occurs between populations of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, in association with four plant hosts (Citrus sinensis, C. paradisi, Mangifera indica and Casimiroa edulis) in the Soconusco region of Chiapas (Mexico). Using variants from six enzymatic loci, we obtained measures of genetic diversity for three sample arrangements: (1) by sex per locality, (2) by locality and (3) by host. The extent of genetic differentiation in populations was assessed using the Analyses of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) method for each array of samples, and moderate to high levels of genetic variation were observed between the sexes, as well as among localities and host plants. A Bayesian approach was then used to assess any population structure underlying the genetic data we obtained, but this analysis showed no significant structuring due to locality or host plant. We also considered whether the observed genotypic frequencies in male and females matched those expected under a hypothesis of random mating. Here we found significant deviations from expected genotypic frequencies, suggesting that sexual selection is acting on these populations. Overall, our results indicate that sexual selection, along with the presence of some heterogeneity in environments provided by both geographical factors and availability of host plants, has influenced the evolution of pest populations in this region of Mexico. Implications for area-wide pest management strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz-Montoya
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico;
| | - Rodrigo Verónica Vallejo
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico;
| | - David Haymer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 1960 East-West Rd, Biomed T511, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Pablo Liedo
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio e la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico;
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Moatt JP, Savola E, Regan JC, Nussey DH, Walling CA. Lifespan Extension Via Dietary Restriction: Time to Reconsider the Evolutionary Mechanisms? Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900241. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Moatt
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK
| | - Eevi Savola
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK
| | - Jennifer C. Regan
- Institute for Immunology and InfectionSchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK
| | - Daniel H. Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK
| | - Craig A. Walling
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK
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Pieterse W, Manrakhan A, Terblanche JS, Addison P. Comparative demography of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on deciduous fruit. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:185-194. [PMID: 31559937 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) are highly polyphagous fruit fly species and important pests of commercial fruit in regions of the world where they are present. In South Africa, B. dorsalis is now established in the north and northeastern parts of the country. B. dorsalis is currently absent in other parts of the country including the Western Cape Province which is an important area for the production of deciduous fruit. C. capitata is widespread in South Africa and is the dominant pest of deciduous fruit. The demographic parameters of B. dorsalis and C. capitata on four deciduous fruit types Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Prunus domestica L., Malus domestica Borkh. and Pyrus communis L. were studied to aid in predicting the potential population establishment and growth of B. dorsalis in a deciduous fruit growing environment. All deciduous fruit types tested were suitable for population persistence of both B. dorsalis and C. capitata. Development was fastest and survival highest on nectarine for both species. B. dorsalis adults generally lived longer than those of C. capitata, irrespective of the fruit types that they developed from. B. dorsalis had a higher net reproductive rate (Ro) on all deciduous fruit tested compared to C. capitata. However, the intrinsic rate of population increase was estimated to be higher for C. capitata than for B. dorsalis on all fruit types tested primarily due to C. capitata's faster generation time. Provided abiotic conditions are optimal, B. dorsalis would be able to establish and grow in deciduous fruit growing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welma Pieterse
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Plant Quarantine Station, Stellenbosch7600, South Africa
| | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Nelspruit1200, South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pia Addison
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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15
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Alam I, Almajwal AM, Alam W, Alam I, Ullah N, Abulmeaaty M, Razak S, Khan S, Pawelec G, Paracha PI. The immune-nutrition interplay in aging – facts and controversies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/nha-170034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Tübingen Ageing and Tumour Immunology Group, Zentrum für Medizinische Forschung, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ali M. Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Alam
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber Colleg of Dentistry, KPK, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Niamat Ullah
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Agriculture University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Abulmeaaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleem Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Agriculture University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Tübingen Ageing and Tumour Immunology Group, Zentrum für Medizinische Forschung, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Parvez Iqbal Paracha
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Agriculture University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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16
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Goane L, Pereyra PM, Castro F, Ruiz MJ, Juárez ML, Segura DF, Vera MT. Yeast derivatives and wheat germ in the adult diet modulates fecundity in a tephritid pest. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:178-190. [PMID: 29784067 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), a pest of great economic importance in South America, needs urgently to be controlled by environmentally friendly methods such as the sterile insect technique for which mass rearing of insects is required. Because oogenesis takes place during the adult stage, mass-rearing facilities should provide the females a diet that maximizes egg production at the lowest cost. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of artificial protein sources in the adult diet (yeast derivatives of different cost but with similar amino acids profiles, and the addition of wheat germ) on fecundity. Additionally, we evaluated different ratios of yeast derivatives or wheat germ on ovary maturation, fecundity, and fertility as well as their association with the nutrient content of females. Females fed hydrolyzed yeast and yeast extract attained the highest fecundity level, and those fed brewer's yeast the lowest. Reducing the amount of hydrolyzed yeast, an expensive protein source, in the diet negatively affected fecundity and ovary maturation. Increasing the amount of brewer's yeast, a low-cost protein source, did not favor fecundity. The addition of wheat germ in the adult diet improved fecundity regardless of the yeast derivate considered. Percentage of egg hatch was not affected by the diet. Nutrient content of A. fraterculus females varied according to the adult diet provided and mating status. Our findings provide novel baseline information to understand the role of nutrition on reproductive performance of A. fraterculus females and are discussed in the context of resource allocation. They also provide valuable advances in the search for cost-effective adult diets at fruit fly mass rearing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Goane
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - P M Pereyra
- Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - F Castro
- Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - M J Ruiz
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - M L Juárez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - D F Segura
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - M T Vera
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
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17
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Zhang DW, Xiao ZJ, Zeng BP, Li K, Tang YL. Insect Behavior and Physiological Adaptation Mechanisms Under Starvation Stress. Front Physiol 2019; 10:163. [PMID: 30890949 PMCID: PMC6411660 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent food shortages are commonly encountered in the wild. During winter or starvation stress, mammals often choose to hibernate while insects-in the form of eggs, mature larvae, pupae, or adults opt to enter diapause. In response to food shortages, insects may try to find sufficient food to maintain normal growth and metabolism through distribution of populations or even migration. In the face of hunger or starvation, insect responses can include changes in behavior and/or maintenance of a low metabolic rate through physiological adaptations or regulation. For instance, in order to maintain homeostasis of the blood sugar, trehalose under starvation stress, other sugars can be transformed to sustain basic energy metabolism. Furthermore, as the severity of starvation increases, lipids (especially triglycerides) are broken down to improve hunger resistance. Starvation stress simultaneously initiates a series of neural signals and hormone regulation processes in insects. These processes involve neurons or neuropeptides, immunity-related genes, levels of autophagy, heat shock proteins and juvenile hormone levels which maintain lower levels of physiological metabolic activity. This work focuses on hunger stress in insects and reviews its effects on behavior, energy reserve utilization, and physiological regulation. In summary, we highlight the diversity in adaptive strategies of insects to hunger stress and provides potential ideas to improve hunger resistance and cold storage development of natural enemy insects. This gist of literature on insects also broadens our understanding of the factors that dictate phenotypic plasticity in adjusting development and life histories around nutritionally optimal environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Wei Zhang
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
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18
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Lee SH, Min KJ. Drosophila melanogaster as a model system in the study of pharmacological interventions in aging. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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19
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Geographic variation and plasticity in climate stress resistance among southern African populations of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Sci Rep 2018; 8:9849. [PMID: 29959431 PMCID: PMC6026165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traits of thermal sensitivity or performance are typically the focus of species distribution modelling. Among-population trait variation, trait plasticity, population connectedness and the possible climatic covariation thereof are seldom accounted for. Here, we examine multiple climate stress resistance traits, and the plasticity thereof, for a globally invasive agricultural pest insect, the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). We also accounted for body size and population genetic connectivity among distinct populations from diverse bioclimatic regions across southern Africa. Desiccation resistance, starvation resistance, and critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and maximum (CTmax) of C. capitata varied between populations. For thermal tolerance traits, patterns of flexibility in response to thermal acclimation were suggestive of beneficial acclimation, but this was not the case for desiccation or starvation resistance. Population differences in measured traits were larger than those associated with acclimation, even though gene flow was high. Desiccation resistance was weakly but positively affected by growing degree-days. There was also a weak positive relationship between CTmin and temperature seasonality, but CTmax was weakly but negatively affected by the same bioclimatic variable. Our results suggest that the invasive potential of C. capitata may be supported by adaptation of tolerance traits to local bioclimatic conditions.
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20
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Wang F, Chambi C, Li Z, Huang C, Ma Y, Li C, Tian X, Sangija F, Ntambo MS, Kankonda OM, Hafeez S, Anwar T, Sharif R. Influence of Supplemental Protein on the Life Expectancy and Reproduction of the Chinese Citrus Fruit Fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Tetradacus minax) (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:4924853. [PMID: 29718487 PMCID: PMC5842393 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major citrus pest in China, whose artificial rearing technology of the adult is not well documented to date. In this study, we tried to determine if supplementing proteins to the adult diet could result in the enhancement of some fitness parameters of B. minax. Four feeds with varying protein source were provided as F0 (water), F1 (sucrose), F2 (sucrose + yeast), and F3 (sucrose + peptone). F0 and F1 being the control, F2 and F3 were protein food types. The results showed that adults fed by F2 and F3 lived longer with 40.1 d and 32.8 d, respectively, had reduced death rates (death peaks were delayed for 5.6 d and 4.1 d, respectively), increased mating frequencies (8.1 and 5.3 per females, 4.7 and 7.3 per males, respectively), and longer mating durations (with 42 d and 34 d). In addition, females recorded an increased adult ovary development, more egg load (with 94.8 and 77.3 brood eggs per ovary) and to greater oviposition rates of 63.2 eggs/female and 19.3 eggs/female. Based on our results, protein supplements enhanced B. minax survival, mating, and fecundity. This study does not only provide basic knowledge to implement artificial rearing of B. minax, but also deepens our understanding on its physiology that could be used to enhance the management of the pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulian Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Consolatha Chambi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Department of Land use Planning and Management, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Zaiyuan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yuekun Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chuanren Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaohai Tian
- Engineering Research of Ecology and Agricultural Uses of Wetlands (China Ministry of Education), Yangtze University Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Frank Sangija
- College of food science, Southwest University, Beibei Chongqing, China PRC
| | - Mbuya Sylvain Ntambo
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Onesime M Kankonda
- Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Sciences and Biodiversity Monitoring Center, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Sumaira Hafeez
- Engineering Research of Ecology and Agricultural Uses of Wetlands (China Ministry of Education), Yangtze University Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Toheed Anwar
- Engineering Research of Ecology and Agricultural Uses of Wetlands (China Ministry of Education), Yangtze University Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
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21
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Mason JS, Wileman T, Chapman T. Lifespan extension without fertility reduction following dietary addition of the autophagy activator Torin1 in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190105. [PMID: 29329306 PMCID: PMC5766080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism for cellular repair that becomes progressively down-regulated during normal ageing. Hence, manipulations that activate autophagy could increase lifespan. Previous reports show that manipulations to the autophagy pathway can result in longevity extension in yeast, flies, worms and mammals. Under standard nutrition, autophagy is inhibited by the nutrient sensing kinase Target of Rapamycin (TOR). Therefore, manipulations of TOR that increase autophagy may offer a mechanism for extending lifespan. Ideally, such manipulations should be specific and minimise off-target effects, and it is important to discover additional methods for 'clean' lifespan manipulation. Here we report an initial study into the effect of up-regulating autophagy on lifespan and fertility in Drosophila melanogaster by dietary addition of Torin1. Activation of autophagy using this selective TOR inhibitor was associated with significantly increased lifespan in both sexes. Torin1 induced a dose-dependent increase in lifespan in once-mated females. There was no evidence of a trade-off between longevity and fecundity or fertility. Torin1-fed females exhibited significantly elevated fecundity, but also elevated egg infertility, resulting in no net change in overall fertility. This supports the idea that lifespan can be extended without trade-offs in fertility and suggest that Torin1 may be a useful tool with which to pursue anti-ageing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S. Mason
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Wileman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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22
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Parry NJ, Pieterse E, Weldon CW. Longevity, Fertility and Fecundity of Adult Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Held at Varying Densities: Implications for Use in Bioconversion of Waste. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:2388-2396. [PMID: 29040631 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large numbers of flies are needed to produce the quantity of larvae required for insect bioconversion of waste. However, this 'mass-rearing' may negatively affect adult survival and reproductive output. This study assessed the suitability for mass-rearing of four blow fly species, Chrysomya chloropyga, Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (F.), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen). Flies were kept at densities of 20, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 flies per 30 × 30 × 30 cm cage with an even sex ratio. Time to 50% mortality (LT50) was recorded, and the effects of density, species, and sex on LT50, fecundity, and fertility were determined. Females survived longer than males across all species. There was evidence for a trade-off between survival and high fecundity in L. sericata and C. chloropyga at density 250. C. megacephala had low fecundity across all densities. At high densities, C. putoria had the lowest mortality and highest fecundity, making it the most suitable for mass-rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsje Pieterse
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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23
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Tejeda MT, Arredondo‐Gordillo J, Orozco‐Dávila D, Quintero‐Fong L, Díaz‐Fleischer F. Directional selection to improve the sterile insect technique: Survival and sexual performance of desiccation resistant Anastrepha ludens strains. Evol Appl 2017; 10:1020-1030. [PMID: 29151857 PMCID: PMC5680626 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an effective, environmentally friendly method for insect control whose success depends on the sexual performance and survival of sterile males. These two parameters are influenced by environmental conditions of target areas, and releasing insects with a higher tolerance to stressful environments can improve SIT efficiency. Directional selection can be used to produce insect strains with higher tolerance to extreme environmental conditions, such as low humidity, for extended periods. We evaluated, under field cage conditions, the sexual competitiveness, sexual compatibility, and survival of strains of Anastrepha ludens (Loew) selected for desiccation resistance to determine the value of directional selection as a possible approach to enhance SIT efficiency. Fly strains (selected and unselected and those mass-reared) were exposed to stressful conditions of low humidity and food and water deprivation for 24 hr before test. As a control, mild conditions without the stressors were used. No differences in sexual competitiveness and sexual compatibility between selected, nonselected, and mass-reared strains were observed when previously exposed to mild conditions. Thus, selection for desiccation resistance does not modified negatively the sexual performance. However, when insects were exposed to stressful conditions, males of selected strains sexually outperform mass-reared males. Additionally, selected strains presented higher survival than mass-reared flies. The approach to integrate directional selection with other technologies in the SIT as well as the implications of using a desiccation-selected strain in the current pest management program is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco T. Tejeda
- INBIOTECAUniversidad VeracruzanaXalapaMéxico
- Departamento de Filtrado GenéticoPrograma Moscamed acuerdo SAGARPA‐IICAMetapa de DomínguezMéxico
| | - José Arredondo‐Gordillo
- Departamento de Biología, Ecología y Comportamiento, Desarrollo de MétodosPrograma Moscafrut Acuerdo SAGARPA‐IICAMetapa de DomínguezMéxico
| | - Dina Orozco‐Dávila
- Subdirección de ProducciónPrograma Moscafrut Acuerdo SAGARPA‐IICAMetapa de DomínguezMéxico
| | - Luis Quintero‐Fong
- Departamento de Validación Tecnológica, Desarrollo de MétodosPrograma Moscafrut Acuerdo SAGARPA‐IICAMetapa de DomínguezMéxico
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24
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Moatt JP, Hambly C, Heap E, Kramer A, Moon F, Speakman JR, Walling CA. Body macronutrient composition is predicted by lipid and not protein content of the diet. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10056-10065. [PMID: 29238536 PMCID: PMC5723615 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is an important determinant of fitness-related traits including growth, reproduction, and survival. Recent work has suggested that variation in protein:lipid ratio and particularly the amount of protein in the diet is a key nutritional parameter. However, the traits that mediate the link between dietary macronutrient ratio and fitness-related traits are less well understood. An obvious candidate is body composition, given its well-known link to health. Here, we investigate the relationship between dietary and body macronutrient composition using a first-generation laboratory population of a freshwater fish, the three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Carbohydrate is relatively unimportant in the diet of predatory fish, facilitating the exploration of how dietary protein-to-lipid ratio affects their relative deposition in the body. We find a significant effect of lipid intake, rather than protein, on body protein:lipid ratio. Importantly, this was not a result of absorbing macronutrients in relation to their relative abundance in the diet, as the carcass protein:lipid ratios differed from those of the diets, with ratios usually lower in the body than in the diet. This indicates that individuals can moderate their utilization, or uptake, of ingested macronutrients to reach a target balance within the body. We found no effect of diet on swimming endurance, activity, or testes size. However, there was an effect of weight on testes size, with larger males having larger testes. Our results provide evidence for the adjustment of body protein:lipid ratio away from that of the diet. As dietary lipid intake was the key determinant of body composition, we suggest this occurs via metabolism of excess protein, which conflicts with the predictions of the protein leverage hypothesis. These results could imply that the conversion and excretion of protein is one of the causes of the survival costs associated with high-protein diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Moatt
- School of Biological SciencesInstitute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Elizabeth Heap
- Edinburgh GenomicsRoslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Anna Kramer
- School of Biological SciencesInstitute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Fiona Moon
- School of Biological SciencesInstitute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - John R. Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou ShiChina
| | - Craig A. Walling
- School of Biological SciencesInstitute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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25
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Malod K, Archer CR, Hunt J, Nicolson SW, Weldon CW. Effects of macronutrient intake on the lifespan and fecundity of the marula fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Tephritidae): Extreme lifespan in a host specialist. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:9808-9817. [PMID: 29188010 PMCID: PMC5696426 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, lifespan and reproduction are strongly associated with nutrition. The ratio and amount of nutrients individuals consume affect their life expectancy and reproductive investment. The geometric framework (GF) enables us to explore how animals regulate their intake of multiple nutrients simultaneously and determine how these nutrients interact to affect life-history traits of interest. Studies using the GF on host-generalist tephritid flies have highlighted trade-offs between longevity and reproductive effort in females, mediated by the protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio that individuals consume. Here, we tested how P and C intake affect lifespan (LS) in both sexes, and female lifetime (LEP), and daily (DEP) egg production, in Ceratitis cosyra, a host-specialist tephritid fly. We then determined the P:C ratio that C. cosyra defends when offered a choice of foods. Female LS was optimized at a 0:1 P:C ratio, whereas to maximize their fecundity, females needed to consume a higher P:C ratio (LEP = 1:6 P:C; DEP = 1:2.5 P:C). In males, LS was also optimized at a low P:C ratio of 1:10. However, when given the opportunity to regulate their intake, both sexes actively defended a 1:3 P:C ratio, which is closer to the target for DEP than either LS or LEP. Our results show that female C. cosyra experienced a moderate trade-off between LS and fecundity. Moreover, the diets that maximized expression of LEP and DEP were of lower P:C ratio than those required for optimal expression of these traits in host-generalist tephritids or other generalist insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Malod
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall UK
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall UK.,School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Susan W Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
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Chen EH, Hou QL, Wei DD, Jiang HB, Wang JJ. Phenotypes, antioxidant responses, and gene expression changes accompanying a sugar-only diet in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:194. [PMID: 28814277 PMCID: PMC5559826 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet composition (yeast:carbohydrate ratio) is an important determinant of growth, development, and reproduction. Recent studies have shown that decreased yeast intake elicits numerous transcriptomic changes and enhances somatic maintenance and lifespan, which in turn reduces reproduction in various insects. However, our understanding of the responses leading to a decrease in yeast ratio to 0% is limited. RESULTS In the present study, we investigated the effects of a sugar-only diet (SD) on the gene expression patterns of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), one of the most economically important pests in the family Tephritidae. RNA sequencing analyses showed that flies reared on an SD induced significant changes in the expression levels of genes associated with specific metabolic as well as cell growth and death pathways. Moreover, the observed upregulated genes in energy production and downregulated genes associated with reproduction suggested that SD affects somatic maintenance and reproduction in B. dorsalis. As expected, we observed that SD altered B. dorsalis phenotypes by significantly increasing stress (starvation and desiccation) resistance, decreasing reproduction, but did not extend lifespan compared to those that received a normal diet (ND) regime. In addition, administration of an SD resulted in a reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities and an increase in MDA concentrations, thereby suggesting that antioxidants cannot keep up with the increase in oxidative damage induced by SD regime. CONCLUSIONS The application of an SD diet induces changes in phenotypes, antioxidant responses, and gene expressions in B. dorsalis. Previous studies have associated extended lifespan with reduced fecundity. The current study did not observe a prolongation of lifespan in B. dorsalis, which instead incurred oxidative damage. The findings of the present study improve our understanding of the molecular, biochemical, and phenotypic response of B. dorsalis to an SD diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Li Hou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Chen EH, Hou QL, Wei DD, Jiang HB, Wang JJ. Phenotypic plasticity, trade-offs and gene expression changes accompanying dietary restriction and switches in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Sci Rep 2017; 7:1988. [PMID: 28512316 PMCID: PMC5434071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary restriction (DR) and variable diets on phenotypes and gene expression in oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), one of the most economically important pests in the family Tephritidae around the world. As expected, we found that DR altered the B. dorsalis phenotypes by significantly increasing stress resistance and lifespan, but reduced egg production when compared with the control diet. The results suggested a trade-off between reproduction versus somatic maintenance (stress resistance) and lifespan in B. dorsalis. Diet also had a significant effect on hatchability, and DR could increase the egg hatching success of B. dorsalis. Furthermore, DR up-regulated metabolic pathways involved in energy homeostasis and down-regulated pathways in egg production, which might mediate trade-offs between somatic maintenance and reproduction under DR regimes. The gene expression profiles in response to the acute dietary switches indicated that the digestive and metabolic pathways maybe involved in the adaptability of flies to variable dietary resources. In summary, the research facilitates a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the B. dorsalis’ phenotypic adjustments to the different qualities of the available diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Li Hou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Kumar A, Christian PK, Panchal K, Guruprasad BR, Tiwari AK. Supplementation of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Improves Lifespan and Locomotor Activity in Paraquat-Sensitive DJ-1β Δ93 Flies, a Parkinson's Disease Model in Drosophila melanogaster. J Diet Suppl 2017; 14:573-588. [PMID: 28166438 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1275917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) consumed by humans and other animals because of its nutritional values and pharmacological properties. Apart from high protein contents, it also contains high levels of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as carotenoids, β-carotene, phycocyanin, and phycocyanobilin, indicating its possible pharmaco-therapeutic utility. In the present study using DJ-1βΔ93 flies, a Parkinson's disease model in Drosophila, we have demonstrated the therapeutic effect of spirulina and its active component C-phycocyanin (C-PC) in the improvement of lifespan and locomotor behavior. Our findings indicate that dietary supplementation of spirulina significantly improves the lifespan and locomotor activity of paraquat-fed DJ-1βΔ93 flies. Furthermore, supplementation of spirulina and C-PC individually and independently reduced the cellular stress marked by deregulating the expression of heat shock protein 70 and Jun-N-terminal kinase signaling in DJ-1βΔ93 flies. A significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in spirulina-fed DJ-1βΔ93 flies tends to indicate the involvement of antioxidant properties associated with spirulina in the modulation of stress-induced signaling and improvement in lifespan and locomotor activity in Drosophila DJ-1βΔ93 flies. Our results suggest that antioxidant boosting properties of spirulina can be used as a nutritional supplement for improving the lifespan and locomotor behavior in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- a Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory , School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Pearl K Christian
- a Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory , School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Komal Panchal
- a Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory , School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research , Gandhinagar , India
| | - B R Guruprasad
- b Department of Zoology , Regional Institute of Education (NCERT) , Mysore , India
| | - Anand K Tiwari
- a Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory , School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research , Gandhinagar , India
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Nestel D, Papadopoulos NT, Pascacio-Villafán C, Righini N, Altuzar-Molina AR, Aluja M. Resource allocation and compensation during development in holometabolous insects. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 95:78-88. [PMID: 27650504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We provide an extensive review on current knowledge and future research paths on the topic of resource allocation and compensation during development in holometabolous insects, emphasizing the role of resource management during development, and how compensatory mechanisms may be acting to remediate nutritional deficiencies carried over from earlier stages of development. We first review resource allocation in "open" and "closed" developmental stages and then move on to the topic of modelling resource allocation and its trade-offs. In doing so, we review novel methodological developments such as response-surface methods and mixture experiments as well as nutritional geometry. We also dwell on the fascinating topic of compensatory physiology and behavior. We finish by discussing future research paths, among them the emerging field of nutrigenomics and gut microbiome, which will shed light into the yet poorly understood role of the symbiotic microbiota in nutrient compensation or assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nestel
- Institute of Plant Protection, Dept. of Entomology, ARO, The Volcani Ctr., Beit Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Nikos T Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Dept. of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Volos, Greece
| | - Carlos Pascacio-Villafán
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Nicoletta Righini
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Alma R Altuzar-Molina
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Martín Aluja
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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Moatt JP, Nakagawa S, Lagisz M, Walling CA. The effect of dietary restriction on reproduction: a meta-analytic perspective. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:199. [PMID: 27717308 PMCID: PMC5054627 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary restriction (DR), a reduction in the amount of food or particular nutrients eaten, is the most consistent environmental manipulation to extend lifespan and protect against age related diseases. Current evolutionary theory explains this effect as a shift in the resolution of the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction. However, recent studies have questioned the role of reproduction in mediating the effect of DR on longevity and no study has quantitatively investigated the effect of DR on reproduction across species. RESULTS Here we report a comprehensive comparative meta-analysis of the effect of DR on reproduction. In general, DR reduced reproduction across taxa, but several factors moderated this effect. The effect of DR on reproduction was greater in well-studied model species (yeast, nematode worms, fruit flies and rodents) than non-model species. This mirrors recent results for longevity and, for reproduction, seems to result from a faster rate of decline with decreasing resources in model species. Our results also suggested that not all reproductive traits are affected equally by DR. High and moderate cost reproductive traits suffered a significant reduction with DR, but low cost traits, such as ejaculate production, did not. Although the effect of DR on reproduction was stronger in females than males, this sex difference reduced to near zero when accounting for other co-factors such as the costliness of the reproductive trait. Thus, sex differences in the effect of DR on longevity may be due to a failure to expose males to as complete a range of the costs of reproduction as females. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that to better understand the generality of the effect of DR, future studies should attempt to address the cause of the apparent model species bias and ensure that individuals are exposed to as many of the costs of reproduction as possible. Furthermore, our meta-analytic approach reveals a general shortage of DR studies that record reproduction, particularly in males, as well as a lack of direct side-by-side comparisons of the effect of DR on males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Moatt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Labs, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Craig A Walling
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Labs, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
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31
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Tejeda MT, Arredondo J, Liedo P, Pérez-Staples D, Ramos-Morales P, Díaz-Fleischer F. Reasons for success: Rapid evolution for desiccation resistance and life-history changes in the polyphagous flyAnastrepha ludens. Evolution 2016; 70:2583-2594. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco T. Tejeda
- INBIOTECA; Universidad Veracruzana; Xalapa Veracruz 91090 México
- Departamento de Cría; Programa Moscamed acuerdo SAGARPA-IICA; Metapa de Domínguez Chiapas 30860 México
| | - José Arredondo
- Departamento de Biología, Ecología y Comportamiento; Desarrollo de Métodos; Programa Moscafrut acuerdo SAGARPA-IICA Metapa de Domínguez Chiapas 30860 México
| | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; Tapachula Chiapas 30700 México
| | | | - Patricia Ramos-Morales
- UNAM, Facultad de Ciencias; Laboratorio de Genética y Toxicología Ambiental and Drosophila Stock Center México; Distrito Federal 04510 México
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32
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Mason JS, Rostant WG, Chapman T. Resource limitation and responses to rivals in males of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2010-2021. [PMID: 27338014 PMCID: PMC5082519 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diet has a profound direct and indirect effect on reproductive success in both sexes. Variation in diet quality and quantity can significantly alter the capacity of females to lay eggs and of males to deliver courtship. Here, we tested the effect of dietary resource limitation on the ability of male Drosophila melanogaster to respond adaptively to rivals by extending their mating duration. Previous work carried out under ad libitum diet conditions showed that males exposed to rivals prior to mating significantly extend mating duration, transfer more ejaculate proteins and achieve higher reproductive success. Such adaptive responses are predicted to occur because male ejaculate production may be limited. Hence, ejaculate resources require allocation across different reproductive bouts, to balance current vs. future reproductive success. However, when males suffer dietary limitation, and potentially have fewer reproductive resources to apportion, we expect adaptive allocation of responses to rivals to be minimized. We tested this prediction and found that males held on agar‐only diets for 5–7 days lost the ability to extend mating following exposure to rivals. Interestingly, extended mating was retained in males held on low yeast/sugar: no sugar/yeast diet treatments, but was mostly lost when males were maintained on ‘imbalanced’ diets in which there was high yeast: no sugar and vice versa. Overall, the results show that males exhibit adaptive responses to rivals according to the degree of dietary resource limitation and to the ratio of individual diet components.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Mason
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - W G Rostant
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - T Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Arredondo J, Ruiz L, Hernández E, Montoya P, Díaz-Fleischer F. Comparison of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Bisexual and Genetic Sexing (Tapachula-7) Strains: Effect of Hypoxia, Fly Density, Chilling Period, and Food Type on Fly Quality. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:572-579. [PMID: 26685109 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of genetic sexing strain (GSS) insects in the sterile insect technique (SIT) makes necessary the revision of quality parameters of some stressful steps used during the packing process for aerial release because of possible differences in tolerance between fly strains. Here, we determined the effect of three periods of hypoxia (12, 24, and 36 h at pupal stage), three cage densities (1.0, 1.3, and 1.5 flies/cm2), two different foods (protein/sugar (1/24) and Mubarqui), and three chilling times (20 min [control], 90, and 180 min) on the quality parameters of flies of two Anastrepha ludens (Loew) strains (bisexual and GSS Tapachula-7). In general, the response to stressful conditions of both fly strains was qualitatively equivalent but quantitatively different, as flies of both strains responded equally to the stressful factors; however, flies of Tapachula-7 exhibited lower quality parameters than the control flies. Thus, hypoxia affected the flying ability but not the emergence or longevity of flies. The food type affected the adult weight; protein/sugar produced heavier flies that also survived longer and had a greater mating propensity. Flies under the lowest density were better fliers that those at the other two densities. Increasing chilling time reduced flight ability but not longevity or mating propensity. The implications of these findings for the use of A. ludens GSS in SIT programs are discussed herein.
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Le Couteur DG, Solon-Biet S, Cogger VC, Mitchell SJ, Senior A, de Cabo R, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ. The impact of low-protein high-carbohydrate diets on aging and lifespan. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1237-52. [PMID: 26718486 PMCID: PMC11108352 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Most research on nutritional effects on aging has focussed on the impact of manipulating single dietary factors such as total calorie intake or each of the macronutrients individually. More recent studies using a nutritional geometric approach called the Geometric Framework have facilitated an understanding of how aging is influenced across a landscape of diets that vary orthogonally in macronutrient and total energy content. Such studies have been performed using ad libitum feeding regimes, thus taking into account compensatory feeding responses that are inevitable in a non-constrained environment. Geometric Framework studies on insects and mice have revealed that diets low in protein and high in carbohydrates generate longest lifespans in ad libitum-fed animals while low total energy intake (caloric restriction by dietary dilution) has minimal effect. These conclusions are supported indirectly by observational studies in humans and a heterogeneous group of other types of interventional studies in insects and rodents. Due to compensatory feeding for protein dilution, low-protein, high-carbohydrate diets are often associated with increased food intake and body fat, a phenomenon called protein leverage. This could potentially be mitigated by supplementing these diets with interventions that influence body weight through physical activity and ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, 2139, Australia.
| | - Samantha Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, 2139, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, 2139, Australia
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute ON Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alistair Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
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Sánchez JE, Jiménez-Pérez G, Liedo P. Can consumption of antioxidant rich mushrooms extend longevity?: antioxidant activity of Pleurotus spp. and its effects on Mexican fruit flies' (Anastrepha ludens) longevity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:107. [PMID: 26499817 PMCID: PMC5005851 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The variability of antioxidant capacity of 14 strains of the edible oyster mushroom Pleurotus spp. was determined, and the effect of selected mushroom supplements on the longevity of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, was evaluated. The antioxidant capacity of the fruiting bodies was determined by three different methods, measuring the free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extracts, the OH radical scavenging capacity, and the total phenol content. The inhibition percentage of the DPPH radical varied between 32.6 and 85.7% and total phenols varied between 30.6 and 143.3 mg/g. The strains with the highest (Pleurotus djamor ECS-0142) and lowest (Pleurotus ostreatus ECS-1123) antioxidant capacity were selected to study their effect on the survival, life expectancy, and mortality of the Mexican fruit fly A. ludens. The results demonstrated differing responses between male and female flies. High concentrations of mushrooms (5 and 20%) in the diet resulted in a decrease in life expectancy. However, flies on the diet with 1% P. djamor ECS-0142 showed slightly but significantly greater survival than those on the control diet. The possible adverse effect of protein content in mushroom extracts is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Sánchez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Apdo, Postal 36, Tapachula, Chiapas, México.
- Km 2.5 Carretera al Antiguo Aeropuerto, 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | | | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Apdo, Postal 36, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
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36
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Perea-Castellanos C, Pérez-Staples D, Liedo P, Díaz-Fleischer F. Escape of Mexican Fruit Flies from Traps Baited with CeraTrap and Effect of Lure Feeding on Reproduction and Survival. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1720-1727. [PMID: 26470313 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
McPhail type traps are commonly used to catch tephritid pests using liquid baits as attractants. Unfortunately, these traps allow that some flies escape after feeding on the bait. Recently, a long-lasting and nontoxic enzymatic-hydrolyzed protein, known commercially as CeraTrap, has been introduced as a novel liquid bait. Because feeding on hydrolyzed proteins can improve reproduction in many tephritids, questions remain as to whether CeraTrap could provide a nutritious meal to flies that ingest the bait but escape the trap. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of CeraTrap baited traps in capturing Anastrepha ludens flies of two different physiological states and two different diets. We also explored the effect of feeding on CeraTrap on the mating performance of males, ovarian development and fecundity of females and fly survival. Results demonstrated that CeraTrap attracted more protein-deprived and immature flies of both sexes and 2-30% of flies that entered the trap managed to escape. However, after feeding on the bait for 24 h, males exhibited lower mating success, longer latency to mate and longer copula durations than males fed on either sugar or sugar+ protein. Interestingly, females fed CeraTrap for 24 h developed ovaries as large as those females fed on sugar+ protein, however, they laid no eggs. When feeding continuously on CeraTrap, flies exhibited shorter lifespans and females laid no eggs. These findings indicate that, although some flies can ingest the bait and escape from the trap, their reproductive traits are negatively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cruz Perea-Castellanos
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. De las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, C.P. 91090, Mexico
| | - Diana Pérez-Staples
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. De las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, C.P. 91090, Mexico
| | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700 Mexico
| | - Francisco Díaz-Fleischer
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. De las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, C.P. 91090, Mexico.
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37
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Scofield HN, Mattila HR. Honey bee workers that are pollen stressed as larvae become poor foragers and waggle dancers as adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121731. [PMID: 25853902 PMCID: PMC4390236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative effects on adult behavior of juvenile undernourishment are well documented in vertebrates, but relatively poorly understood in invertebrates. We examined the effects of larval nutritional stress on the foraging and recruitment behavior of an economically important model invertebrate, the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Pollen, which supplies essential nutrients to developing workers, can become limited in colonies because of seasonal dearths, loss of foraging habitat, or intensive management. However, the functional consequences of being reared by pollen-stressed nestmates remain unclear, despite growing concern that poor nutrition interacts with other stressors to exacerbate colony decline. We manipulated nurse bees' access to pollen and then assessed differences in weight, longevity, foraging activity, and waggle-dance behavior of the workers that they reared (who were co-fostered as adults). Pollen stress during larval development had far-reaching physical and behavioral effects on adult workers. Workers reared in pollen-stressed colonies were lighter and shorter lived than nestmates reared with adequate access to pollen. Proportionally fewer stressed workers were observed foraging and those who did forage started foraging sooner, foraged for fewer days, and were more likely to die after only a single day of foraging. Pollen-stressed workers were also less likely to waggle dance than their unstressed counterparts and, if they danced, the information they conveyed about the location of food was less precise. These performance deficits may escalate if long-term pollen limitation prevents stressed foragers from providing sufficiently for developing workers. Furthermore, the effects of brief pollen shortages reported here mirror the effects of other environmental stressors that limit worker access to nutrients, suggesting the likelihood of their synergistic interaction. Honey bees often experience the level of stress that we created, thus our findings underscore the importance of adequate nutrition for supporting worker performance and their potential contribution to colony productivity and quality pollination services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey N. Scofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heather R. Mattila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Harwood JF, Chen K, Liedo P, Müller HG, Wang JL, Morice AE, Carey JR. Female access and diet affect insemination success, senescence, and the cost of reproduction in male Mexican fruit flies Anastrepha ludens. PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 40:65-71. [PMID: 25709143 PMCID: PMC4335655 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypotheses exploring the influence of dietary conditions on the life history trade-off between survival and reproductive success are extensively tested in female insects, but are rarely explored in males. Here, the impact of dietary quality and female access on age-specific reproduction and survival of male Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), are examined. There is a clear cost of female access for males with access to dietary protein, measurable as a decrease in life expectancy, which is further influenced by the age when females are introduced. A protein deficient diet reduces the lifespan benefit of virginity and masks the detrimental effect of female access on male life expectancy. Dietary protein is not necessary for reproductive success, but access to protein at eclosion improves the lifetime reproductive success of males compared to when it is delayed. Overall, reproductive success diminishes as the male flies age, regardless of the dietary conditions, providing evidence for reproductive senescence in males. Delaying the males' access to a protein source fails to influence the negative effect of age on reproductive ability. Because age specific reproductive rates decline with age, regardless of diet, male fitness does not benefit from lifespan extension. Therefore, males can be expected to allocate available resources towards reproductive effort in favour of extended lifespan, regardless of mate and protein availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Harwood
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A
| | - Kehui Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Pablo Liedo
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Hans-Georg Müller
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A
| | - Jane-Ling Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A
| | - Amy E Morice
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A
| | - James R Carey
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A
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39
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Ruden DM, Cingolani PE, Sen A, Qu W, Wang L, Senut MC, Garfinkel MD, Sollars VE, Lu X. Epigenetics as an answer to Darwin's "special difficulty," Part 2: natural selection of metastable epialleles in honeybee castes. Front Genet 2015; 6:60. [PMID: 25759717 PMCID: PMC4338822 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent perspective in this journal, Herb (2014) discussed how epigenetics is a possible mechanism to circumvent Charles Darwin's "special difficulty" in using natural selection to explain the existence of the sterile-fertile dimorphism in eusocial insects. Darwin's classic book "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" explains how natural selection of the fittest individuals in a population can allow a species to adapt to a novel or changing environment. However, in bees and other eusocial insects, such as ants and termites, there exist two or more castes of genetically similar females, from fertile queens to multiple sub-castes of sterile workers, with vastly different phenotypes, lifespans, and behaviors. This necessitates the selection of groups (or kin) rather than individuals in the evolution of honeybee hives, but group and kin selection theories of evolution are controversial and mechanistically uncertain. Also, group selection would seem to be prohibitively inefficient because the effective population size of a colony is reduced from thousands to a single breeding queen. In this follow-up perspective, we elaborate on possible mechanisms for how a combination of both epigenetics, specifically, the selection of metastable epialleles, and genetics, the selection of mutations generated by the selected metastable epialleles, allows for a combined means for selection amongst the fertile members of a species to increase colony fitness. This "intra-caste evolution" hypothesis is a variation of the epigenetic directed genetic error hypothesis, which proposes that selected metastable epialleles increase genetic variability by directing mutations specifically to the epialleles. Natural selection of random metastable epialleles followed by a second round of natural selection of random mutations generated by the metastable epialleles would allow a way around the small effective population size of eusocial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M. Ruden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development and Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State UniversityDetroit, MI, USA
| | - Pablo E. Cingolani
- School of Computer Science and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arko Sen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State UniversityDetroit, MI, USA
| | - Wen Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State UniversityDetroit, MI, USA
| | - Luan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State UniversityDetroit, MI, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Senut
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State UniversityDetroit, MI, USA
| | - Mark D. Garfinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsville, AL, USA
| | - Vincent E. Sollars
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntington, WV, USA
| | - Xiangyi Lu
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State UniversityDetroit, MI, USA
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40
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Lee D, Hwang W, Artan M, Jeong DE, Lee SJ. Effects of nutritional components on aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14:8-16. [PMID: 25339542 PMCID: PMC4326908 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals regulate various physiological processes and are essential for the survival of organisms. Reduced overall caloric intake delays aging in various organisms. However, the role of each nutritional component in the regulation of lifespan is not well established. In this review, we describe recent studies focused on the regulatory role of each type of nutrient in aging. Moreover, we will discuss how the amount or composition of each nutritional component may influence longevity or health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Lee
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Wooseon Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Murat Artan
- Information Technology Convergence Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
- Information Technology Convergence Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 South Korea
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41
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Tejeda MT, Arredondo J, Pérez-Staples D, Ramos-Morales P, Liedo P, Díaz-Fleischer F. Effects of size, sex and teneral resources on the resistance to hydric stress in the tephritid fruit fly Anastrepha ludens. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 70:73-80. [PMID: 25239667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is recognized as one of the most important factors in the distribution and activity of terrestrial organisms. In the case of insects, hydric stress imposes a major challenge for survival because of the small surface-area-to-volume ratio they exhibit. In general, stress resistance is expected to co-vary positively with size; however, this pattern can become obscured in insects that exhibit sexual size dimorphism, as sexes differ in size and/or shape and have dissimilar resource allocations. In the present study, we use an allometric-based approach to (i) assess the desiccation and starvation stress resistance of teneral Anastrepha ludens flies, (ii) disentangle the relationships between resistance, size and sex and (iii) examine the adult fly body differences in water and lipid contents before and after exposure to stress. After controlling for sexual size dimorphism, an allometric increase of resistance with overall size was observed for all stress-based treatments. The scaling exponents that define the proportion of increase resistance varied with size traits and with type and degree of hydric stress. In this allometric relationship, and also in the relationships between mass and wing length and between size and teneral resources, the sexes maintained similar scaling exponents but differed in the intercepts. Males were more resistant to stress than females; this competitive advantage is probably linked to greater amounts of teneral lipids and more water use during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Tejeda
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101, Col. E. Zapata, CP 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - J Arredondo
- Departamento de Biología, Ecología y Comportamiento, Desarrollo de métodos, Programa Moscafrut acuerdo SAGARPA-IICA, Camino a cacahoatales S/N, CP 30860 Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - D Pérez-Staples
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101, Col. E. Zapata, CP 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - P Ramos-Morales
- Laboratorio de Genética y Toxicología Ambiental & Drosophila Stock Center México, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Universidad 3000 Circuito Exterior S/N, C.P. 04510 Ciudad Universitaria, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - P Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, CP 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - F Díaz-Fleischer
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101, Col. E. Zapata, CP 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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42
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Sun X, Wheeler CT, Yolitz J, Laslo M, Alberico T, Sun Y, Song Q, Zou S. A mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit interacts with TOR signaling to modulate protein homeostasis and lifespan in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1781-1792. [PMID: 25220459 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet composition is a critical determinant of lifespan, and nutrient imbalance is detrimental to health. However, how nutrients interact with genetic factors to modulate lifespan remains elusive. We investigated how diet composition influences mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit d (ATPsyn-d) in modulating lifespan in Drosophila. ATPsyn-d knockdown extended lifespan in females fed low carbohydrate-to-protein (C:P) diets but not the high C:P ratio diet. This extension was associated with increased resistance to oxidative stress; transcriptional changes in metabolism, proteostasis, and immune genes; reduced protein damage and aggregation, and reduced phosphorylation of S6K and ERK in TOR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, respectively. ATPsyn-d knockdown did not extend lifespan in females with reduced TOR signaling induced genetically by Tsc2 overexpression or pharmacologically by rapamycin. Our data reveal a link among diet, mitochondria, and MAPK and TOR signaling in aging and stresses the importance of considering genetic background and diet composition in implementing interventions for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Sun
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Charles T Wheeler
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jason Yolitz
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mara Laslo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Thomas Alberico
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yaning Sun
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sige Zou
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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43
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Kulminski AM. Unraveling genetic origin of aging-related traits: evolving concepts. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:304-12. [PMID: 23768105 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering the genetic origin of aging-related traits could greatly advance strategies aiming to extend health span. The results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) addressing this problem are controversial, and new genetic concepts have been fostered to advance the progress in the field. A limitation of GWAS and new genetic concepts is that they do not thoroughly address specifics of aging-related traits. Integration of theoretical concepts in genetics and aging research with empirical evidence from different disciplines highlights the conceptual problems in studies of genetic origin of aging-related traits. To address these problems, novel approaches of systemic nature are required. These approaches should adopt the non-deterministic nature of linkage of genes with aging-related traits and, consequently, reinforce research strategies for improving our understanding of mechanisms shaping genetic effects on these traits. Investigation of mechanisms will help determine conditions that activate specific genetic variants or profiles and explore to what extent these conditions that shape genetic effects are conserved across human lives and generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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44
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Colinet H, Renault D. Dietary live yeast alters metabolic profiles, protein biosynthesis and thermal stress tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 170:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Chiu JC, Kaub K, Zou S, Liedo P, Altamirano-Robles L, Ingram D, Carey JR. Deleterious effect of suboptimal diet on rest-activity cycle in Anastrepha ludens manifests itself with age. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1773. [PMID: 23639915 PMCID: PMC3642661 DOI: 10.1038/srep01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity patterns and sleep-wake cycles are among the physiological processes that change most prominently as animals age, and are often good indicators of healthspan. In this study, we used the video-based high-resolution Behavioral Monitoring System (BMS) to monitor the daily activity cycle of tephritid fruit flies Anastrepha ludens over their lifetime. Surprisingly, there was no dramatic change in activity profile with respect to age if flies were consistently fed with a nutritionally balanced diet. However, if flies were fed with sugar-only diet, their activity profile decreased in amplitude at old age, suggesting that suboptimal diet affected activity patterns, and its detrimental effect may not manifest itself until the animal ages. Moreover, by simulating different modes of behavior monitoring with a range of resolution and comparing the resulting conclusions, we confirmed the superior performance of video-based monitoring using high-resolution BMS in accurately representing activity patterns in an insect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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46
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Wang C, Yolitz J, Alberico T, Laslo M, Sun Y, Wheeler CT, Sun X, Zou S. Cranberry interacts with dietary macronutrients to promote healthy aging in Drosophila. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:945-54. [PMID: 24149429 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals possess numerous bioactivities, and some promote healthy aging. Dietary macronutrients are major determinants of life span. The interaction between botanicals and macronutrients that modulates life span is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effect of a cranberry-containing botanical on life span and the influence of macronutrients on the longevity-related effect of cranberry in Drosophila. Flies were supplemented with cranberry on three dietary conditions: standard, high sugar-low protein, and low sugar-high protein diets. We found that cranberry slightly extended life span in males fed with the low sugar-high protein diet but not with other diets. Cranberry extended life span in females fed with the standard diet and more prominently the high sugar-low protein diet but not with the low sugar-high protein diet. Life-span extension was associated with increased reproduction and higher expression of oxidative stress and heat shock response genes. Moreover, cranberry improved survival of sod1 knockdown and dfoxo mutant flies but did not increase wild-type fly's resistance to acute oxidative stress. Cranberry slightly extended life span in flies fed with a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that cranberry promotes healthy aging by increasing stress responsiveness. Our study reveals an interaction of cranberry with dietary macronutrients and stresses the importance of considering diet composition in designing interventions for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Wang
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason Yolitz
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Alberico
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mara Laslo
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yaning Sun
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles T Wheeler
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sige Zou
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland.
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47
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Chen EH, Wei D, Wei DD, Yuan GR, Wang JJ. The effect of dietary restriction on longevity, fecundity, and antioxidant responses in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:1008-1016. [PMID: 23911350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in fruit flies have imposed dietary restriction (DR) by diluting yeast and have reported increased lifespan as the yeast-to-sugar ratio decreased. In this study, the effects of DR on the lifespan of Bactrocera dorsalis were investigated using constant-feeding diets with different yeast:sugar ratios and an intermittent-feeding diet in which flies ate every sixth day. Antioxidant enzyme activities and the malondialdehyde concentration were also measured in virgin females under constant-feeding DR protocols to investigate their relationships with lifespan. The results showed that B. dorsalis lifespan was significantly extended by DR, and carbohydrate-enriched diet may be important for lifespan-extension. Female flies lived significantly longer than males at all dietary levels under both feeding regimes, indicating no interaction between diet and sex in determining lifespan. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased with the amount of yeast increased in the diets (0-4.76%) between starvation and DR treatments, indicating that the antioxidants may have influences in determining lifespan in B. dorsalis under starvation and DR treatments. However, antioxidants cannot keep up with increased oxidative damage induced by the high yeast diet (25%). These results revealed that the extension of lifespan by DR is evolutionarily conserved in B. dorsalis and that yeast:sugar ratios significantly modulate lifespan in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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48
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Manfredini F, Riba-Grognuz O, Wurm Y, Keller L, Shoemaker D, Grozinger CM. Sociogenomics of cooperation and conflict during colony founding in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003633. [PMID: 23950725 PMCID: PMC3738511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental questions in biology is how cooperative and altruistic behaviors evolved. The majority of studies seeking to identify the genes regulating these behaviors have been performed in systems where behavioral and physiological differences are relatively fixed, such as in the honey bee. During colony founding in the monogyne (one queen per colony) social form of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta, newly-mated queens may start new colonies either individually (haplometrosis) or in groups (pleometrosis). However, only one queen (the “winner”) in pleometrotic associations survives and takes the lead of the young colony while the others (the “losers”) are executed. Thus, colony founding in fire ants provides an excellent system in which to examine the genes underpinning cooperative behavior and how the social environment shapes the expression of these genes. We developed a new whole genome microarray platform for S. invicta to characterize the gene expression patterns associated with colony founding behavior. First, we compared haplometrotic queens, pleometrotic winners and pleometrotic losers. Second, we manipulated pleometrotic couples in order to switch or maintain the social ranks of the two cofoundresses. Haplometrotic and pleometrotic queens differed in the expression of genes involved in stress response, aging, immunity, reproduction and lipid biosynthesis. Smaller sets of genes were differentially expressed between winners and losers. In the second experiment, switching social rank had a much greater impact on gene expression patterns than the initial/final rank. Expression differences for several candidate genes involved in key biological processes were confirmed using qRT-PCR. Our findings indicate that, in S. invicta, social environment plays a major role in the determination of the patterns of gene expression, while the queen's physiological state is secondary. These results highlight the powerful influence of social environment on regulation of the genomic state, physiology and ultimately, social behavior of animals. The characterization of the genomic basis for complex behaviors is one of the major goals of biological research. The genomic state of an individual results from the interplay between its internal condition (the “nature”) and the external environment (the “nurture”), which may include the social environment. Colony founding in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta is a complex process that serves as a useful model for investigating how the interplay between genes and social environment shapes social behavior. Unrelated, newly mated S. invicta queens may start a new colony as a group, but ultimately only one queen will survive and gain full reproductive dominance. By uncovering the genetic basis for founding behavior in fire ants we therefore provide useful insights into how cooperative behavior evolved in a context that might be considered primitively eusocial, because newly mated queens in a founding association are morphologically, physiologically and genetically very similar and display no evident division of labor. Our results suggest that social environment (founding singly or in pairs, switching dominance rank vs. maintaining rank) is a much greater driver of gene expression changes than social rank itself, suggesting that social environment, and not reproductive state, is a key regulator of gene expression, physiology and ultimately, behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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49
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Ahmed AM. Mosquito autogeny in Aedes caspius (Diptera: Culicidae): alterations of larval nourishments reservation upon bacterial infection. INSECT SCIENCE 2013; 20:472-484. [PMID: 23955943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2012.01544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study recorded mosquito autogeny for the first time amongst Aedes caspius species in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Laboratory rearing showed an obligatory autogenous species of Ae. caspius since it foregoes blood feeding during its first ovarian cycle, even in the presence of the hosts (CD mouse), but produces its second egg batch only if ingested a blood meal. Both morphological and molecular identification confirmed that both autogenous and anautogenous strains belong to the same species of Ae. caspius. Data from biochemical analysis showed significant 2, 1.6, and 1.4 folds higher total carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids reserves respectively in the fourth larval instar of the autogenous strain compared to that of the anautogenous ones. In addition, exposing the fourth larval instars of autogenous strain to the infection stress by the mosquito larvicidal bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki has significantly reduced total carbohydrates, proteins and lipids reserves by 29%, 35%, and 46%, respectively, at 12 h postinfection compared to those of uninfected ones. These reductions in nourishment reserves were more pronounced at 24 h postinfection in the case of proteins and lipids, but not carbohydrates. These results may indicate that bacterial infection is a health stress that significantly reduced nourishments reservation, which may interrupt the success of adult autogeny. However, the impact of infection-induced decline in larval nourishments reservation on successful adult autogeny is still to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Ahmed
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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50
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Fanson BG, Petterson IE, Taylor PW. Diet quality mediates activity patterns in adult Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:676-681. [PMID: 23623835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies linking resource acquisition and trait expression have traditionally treated nutritional resources as a single currency, but recent research has shown that trait expression can depend as much on diet quality (nutrient composition) as on diet quantity (calories). Here, we investigate the role of nutrient composition and diet concentration on activity levels of adult Queensland fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt: Tephritidae). Male and female flies were fed diets that varied in the proportion of protein and carbohydrate as well as total amounts of protein and carbohydrate. Daily activity levels were then quantified using locomotor activity monitors during both light and dark phases. During the light phase, both sexes increased the proportion of time spent active and their rate of activity as diets became more carbohydrate-rich and concentrated. In contrast, during the dark phase, nutrient composition and concentration had no effect on the proportion of time spent active for either sex, although when active during the dark phase, activity rates were higher for flies fed more carbohydrate-rich and concentrated diets. Overall, nutritional composition of the diet affected activity levels to a greater extent than the total energetic content of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Fanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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