1
|
Baralle M, Romano M. Age-Related Alternative Splicing: Driver or Passenger in the Aging Process? Cells 2023; 12:2819. [PMID: 38132139 PMCID: PMC10742131 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing changes are closely linked to aging, though it remains unclear if they are drivers or effects. As organisms age, splicing patterns change, varying gene isoform levels and functions. These changes may contribute to aging alterations rather than just reflect declining RNA quality control. Three main splicing types-intron retention, cassette exons, and cryptic exons-play key roles in age-related complexity. These events modify protein domains and increase nonsense-mediated decay, shifting protein isoform levels and functions. This may potentially drive aging or serve as a biomarker. Fluctuations in splicing factor expression also occur with aging. Somatic mutations in splicing genes can also promote aging and age-related disease. The interplay between splicing and aging has major implications for aging biology, though differentiating correlation and causation remains challenging. Declaring a splicing factor or event as a driver requires comprehensive evaluation of the associated molecular and physiological changes. A greater understanding of how RNA splicing machinery and downstream targets are impacted by aging is essential to conclusively establish the role of splicing in driving aging, representing a promising area with key implications for understanding aging, developing novel therapeutical options, and ultimately leading to an increase in the healthy human lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baralle
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 28, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bellou E, Escott-Price V. Are Alzheimer's and coronary artery diseases genetically related to longevity? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1102347. [PMID: 36684006 PMCID: PMC9859055 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade researchers have attempted to investigate the shared genetic architecture of longevity and age-related diseases and assess whether the increased longevity in certain people is due to protective alleles in the risk genes for a particular condition or whether there are specific "longevity" genes increasing the lifespan independently of age-related conditions' risk genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the shared genetic component between longevity and two age-related conditions. METHODS We performed a cross-trait meta-analysis of publicly available genome-wide data for Alzheimer's disease, coronary artery disease and longevity using a subset-based approach provided by the R package ASSET. RESULTS Despite the lack of strong genetic correlation between longevity and the two diseases, we identified 38 genome-wide significant lead SNPs across 22 independent genomic loci. Of them 6 were found to be potentially shared among the three traits mapping to genes including DAB2IP, DNM2, FCHO1, CLPTM1, and SNRPD2. We also identified 19 novel genome-wide associations for the individual traits in this study. Functional annotations and biological pathway enrichment analyses suggested that pleiotropic variants are involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and plasma lipoprotein and neurotransmitter clearance processes. DISCUSSION In summary, we have been able to advance in the knowledge of the genetic overlap existing among longevity and the two most common age-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eftychia Bellou
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Melekhova A, Baniahmad A. ING Tumour Suppressors and ING Splice Variants as Coregulators of the Androgen Receptor Signalling in Prostate Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102599. [PMID: 34685579 PMCID: PMC8533759 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention and overcoming castration resistance of prostate cancer (PC) remains one of the main unsolved problems in modern oncology. Hence, many studies are focused on the investigation of novel androgen receptor (AR) regulators that could serve as potential drug targets in disease therapy. Among such factors, inhibitor of growth (ING) proteins were identified. Some ING proteins act as AR transcriptional coregulators, indicating their relevance for PC research. The ING family consists of five protein-coding genes from ING1 to ING5 and pseudogene INGX. The ING genes were revealed through their sequence homology to the first identified ING1 from an in vivo screen. ING factors are a part of histone modification complexes. With the help of the conserved plant homeodomain (PHD) motif, ING factors bind to Histone 3 Lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation mark with a stronger affinity to the highest methylation grade H3K4me3 and recruit histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) to chromatin. ING1 and ING2 are core subunits of mSIN3a-HDAC corepressor complexes, whereas ING3–5 interact with different HAT complexes that serve as coactivators. ING members belong to type II tumour suppressors and are frequently downregulated in many types of malignancies, including PC. As the family name indicates, ING proteins are able to inhibit cell growth and tumour development via regulation of cell cycle and cancer-relevant pathways such as apoptosis, cellular senescence, DNA repair, cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Many ING splice variants that enhance the diversity of ING activity were discovered. However, it seems that the existence of multiple ING splice variants is underestimated, since alternative splice variants, such as the AR coregulators ING1 and ING3, counteract full-length ING and thus play an opposite functional role. These results open a novel prospective investigation direction in understanding ING factors biology in PC and other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9396-820; Fax: +49-3641-9396-822
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rusu AD, Cornhill ZE, Coutiño BC, Uribe MC, Lourdusamy A, Markus Z, May ST, Rahman R, Georgiou M. CG7379 and ING1 suppress cancer cell invasion by maintaining cell-cell junction integrity. Open Biol 2021; 11:210077. [PMID: 34493070 PMCID: PMC8424350 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths can be attributed to a tumour's ability to spread. We have identified CG7379, the fly orthologue of human ING1, as a potent invasion suppressor. ING1 is a type II tumour suppressor with well-established roles in the transcriptional regulation of genes that control cell proliferation, response to DNA damage, oncogene-induced senescence and apoptosis. Recent work suggests a possible role for ING1 in cancer cell invasion and metastasis, but the molecular mechanism underlying this observation is lacking. Our results show that reduced expression of CG7379 promotes invasion in vivo in Drosophila, reduces the junctional localization of several adherens and septate junction components, and severely disrupts cell-cell junction architecture. Similarly, ING1 knockdown significantly enhances invasion in vitro and disrupts E-cadherin distribution at cell-cell junctions. A transcriptome analysis reveals that loss of ING1 affects the expression of several junctional and cytoskeletal modulators, confirming ING1 as an invasion suppressor and a key regulator of cell-cell junction integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Rusu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK,Leicester Institute for Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Zoe E. Cornhill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Brenda Canales Coutiño
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zsuzsa Markus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sean T. May
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ruman Rahman
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Marios Georgiou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shin EY, Soung NK, Schwartz MA, Kim EG. Altered endocytosis in cellular senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101332. [PMID: 33753287 PMCID: PMC8131247 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence occurs in response to diverse stresses (e.g., telomere shortening, DNA damage, oxidative stress, oncogene activation). A growing body of evidence indicates that alterations in multiple components of endocytic pathways contribute to cellular senescence. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME) represent major types of endocytosis that are implicated in senescence. More recent research has also identified a chromatin modifier and tumor suppressor that contributes to the induction of senescence via altered endocytosis. Here, molecular regulators of aberrant endocytosis-induced senescence are reviewed and discussed in the context of their capacity to serve as senescence-inducing stressors or modifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang-eup, Cheongju, 28116, South Korea
| | - Martin Alexander Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, And Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Midha A, Pan H, Abarca C, Andle J, Carapeto P, Bonner-Weir S, Aguayo-Mazzucato C. Unique Human and Mouse β-Cell Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) Reveal Conserved Signaling Pathways and Heterogeneous Factors. Diabetes 2021; 70:1098-1116. [PMID: 33674410 PMCID: PMC8173799 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aging of pancreatic β-cells may undermine their ability to compensate for insulin resistance, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aging β-cells acquire markers of cellular senescence and develop a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that can lead to senescence and dysfunction of neighboring cells through paracrine actions, contributing to β-cell failure. In this study, we defined the β-cell SASP signature based on unbiased proteomic analysis of conditioned media of cells obtained from mouse and human senescent β-cells and a chemically induced mouse model of DNA damage capable of inducing SASP. These experiments revealed that the β-cell SASP is enriched for factors associated with inflammation, cellular stress response, and extracellular matrix remodeling across species. Multiple SASP factors were transcriptionally upregulated in models of β-cell senescence, aging, insulin resistance, and T2D. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of islets from an in vivo mouse model of reversible insulin resistance indicated unique and partly reversible changes in β-cell subpopulations associated with senescence. Collectively, these results demonstrate the unique secretory profile of senescent β-cells and its potential implication in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Midha
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Cristian Abarca
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua Andle
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Priscila Carapeto
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang D, Wei G, Long F, Nie H, Tian X, Qu L, Wang S, Li P, Qiu Y, Wang Y, Hong W, Ni T, Liu X, Zhu YZ. Histone methyltransferase Smyd3 is a new regulator for vascular senescence. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13212. [PMID: 32779886 PMCID: PMC7511874 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell senescence is one of the main risk factors contributing to vascular diseases. As increasing number of “epigenetic drugs” entering clinical trials, understanding the mechanism of epigenetic regulation in vascular aging has significant implications in finding targets to cure vascular diseases. However, the epigenetic regulation of endothelial senescence remains unclear. Based on the findings that increased protein level of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase Smyd3 and elevated H3K4me3 modification happened in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced senescence in rat endothelial cells, we are curious about whether and how Smyd3 can regulate endothelial senescence. We found that an increase of Smyd3 alone promoted senescence‐associated phenotypes, while knockdown of Smyd3 blocked senescence in endothelial cells. Furthermore, Smyd3‐specific inhibitor reversed vascular senescence‐associated phenotypes at cellular level. Importantly, Ang II‐induced vascular senescence can be greatly alleviated in Smyd3 knockout (KO) mice and those treated with Smyd3 inhibitor. Mechanistically, Smyd3 directly bound to the promoter region of Cdkn1a (coding for p21), then caused its increased H3K4me3 level and elevated gene expression, and ultimately gave rise to senescence‐associated phenotypes. Intriguingly, Smyd3‐mediated p21 upregulated expression also exists in human tissues of vascular disease, indicating it is probably an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in regulating vascular senescence. Thus, Smyd3 can act as a novel factor regulating endothelial senescence through transcriptionally promoting p21 expression. Blocking the Smyd3‐p21 signaling axis may also have potential medical implications in treating diseases related to vascular aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Department of Pharmacology Human Phenome Institute School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa China
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering & MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development Human Phenome Institute School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Fen Long
- Department of Pharmacology Human Phenome Institute School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Hongbo Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering & MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development Human Phenome Institute School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Human Aging Research Institute School of Life Sciences Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Lefeng Qu
- Department of Vascular Surgery Changzheng Hospital Second Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - ShuangXi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Qilu HospitalShandong University Jinan China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharmacy Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yue Qiu
- College of Pharmacy Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Pharmacy Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Singapore City Singapore
| | - Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering & MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development Human Phenome Institute School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology Human Phenome Institute School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology Human Phenome Institute School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao S, Zheng HC. mRNA and protein of p33ING1 in normal and cancer tissues. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:3623-3633. [PMID: 35117725 PMCID: PMC8798731 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.04.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Inhibitor growth protein 1 (ING1) is a tumor suppressor, and its down-regulation is involved in the progression and aggressive phenotypes of human malignancies through its interactions with the H3K4me3 and p53. Methods We collected datasets to analyze the relationship between ING1b mRNA expression and accumulative survival rate, and carried out immunohistochemistry analyses to determine the expression profiles of the p33ING1 protein on the mouse, normal human, and human cancer tissue microarrays. Results Compared with normal tissues, the ING1b mRNA was highly expressed in various types of cancer tissues, including, colorectal, lung, and breast cancers, and was positively correlated with the overall survival rate of gastric cancer patients. In mouse tissues, the subcellular location of p33ING1 was frequently nuclear; however, it was occasionally cytoplasmic or nucleocytoplasmic. There was a positive detection in the neuron body, a part of glial cells, the glandular epithelium of the stomach, intestines, breast, hepatocytes, heart, skeletal muscle cells, the bronchial and alveolar epithelium, and nephric tubules. In human tissues, the p33ING1 protein, apart from its cytoplasmic distribution, was distributed in the nuclei of the tongue, esophagus, stomach, intestine, lung, trachea, skin, appendix, cervix, endometrium, ovary, and breast. p33ING1 immunoreactivity was strongly detected in the stomach, trachea, skin, cervix, and breast, while it was weak in the other tissues. The positive rate of p33ING1 was 41.0% in the tested cancer entities (489/1,194). In general, p33ING1 expression was restricted to only the cytoplasm for all cancers, whereas it was found in the nucleus of renal clear cells, ovarian and colorectal cancers. Among them, p33ING1 was expressed in more than half of squamous cell carcinomas derived from the esophagus and cervix, while it was rarely expressed in hepatocellular (21.0%) and renal clear cell carcinoma (19.4%). Conclusions The findings suggest that p33ING1 might be participated in the repair and regeneration of organs or tissues the repair and regeneration of organs or tissue, and the carcinogenesis of the highly proliferative epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Emerging Role of C/EBPβ and Epigenetic DNA Methylation in Ageing. Trends Genet 2020; 36:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
10
|
Deschênes M, Chabot B. The emerging role of alternative splicing in senescence and aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:918-933. [PMID: 28703423 PMCID: PMC5595669 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of precursor mRNA splicing is associated with many illnesses and has been linked to age-related chronic diseases. Here we review recent progress documenting how defects in the machinery that performs intron removal and controls splice site selection contribute to cellular senescence and organismal aging. We discuss the functional association linking p53, IGF-1, SIRT1, and ING-1 splice variants with senescence and aging, and review a selection of splicing defects occurring in accelerated aging (progeria), vascular aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Overall, it is becoming increasingly clear that changes in the activity of splicing factors and in the production of key splice variants can impact cellular senescence and the aging phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Deschênes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecJ1E 4K8Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecJ1E 4K8Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghorbani A, Esmaeilizadeh M. Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:433-440. [PMID: 29034191 PMCID: PMC5634728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis (Sage) is a plant in the family of Labiatae/Lamiaceae. It is native to Middle East and Mediterranean areas, but today has been naturalized throughout the world. In folk medicine, S. officinalis has been used for the treatment of different kinds of disorders including seizure, ulcers, gout, rheumatism, inflammation, dizziness, tremor, paralysis, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. In recent years, this plant has been a subject of intensive studies to document its traditional use and to find new biological effects. These studies have revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities for S. officinalis. Present review highlights the up-to-date information on the pharmacological findings that have been frequently reported for S. officinalis. These findings include anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Also, chemical constituents responsible for pharmacological effects of S. officinalis and the clinical studies on this plant are presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Esmaeilizadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
- Corresponding author. Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran. Fax: +98 5837238757.Esfarayen Faculty of Medical SciencesEsfarayenIran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Esmaeili M, Jennek S, Ludwig S, Klitzsch A, Kraft F, Melle C, Baniahmad A. The tumor suppressor ING1b is a novel corepressor for the androgen receptor and induces cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:207-20. [PMID: 26993046 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critical for prostate cancer (PCa) progression to the castration-resistant stage with poor clinical outcome. Altered function of AR-interacting factors may contribute to castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa). Inhibitor of growth 1 (ING1) is a tumor suppressor that regulates various cellular processes including cell proliferation. Interestingly, ING1 expression is upregulated in senescent primary human prostate cells; however, its role in AR signaling in PCa was unknown. Using a proteomic approach by surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (SELDI-MS) combined with immunological techniques, we provide here evidence that ING1b interacts in vivo with the AR. The interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro GST-pull-down, and quantitative intracellular colocalization analyses. Functionally, ING1b inhibits AR-responsive promoters and endogenous key AR target genes in the human PCa LNCaP cells. Conversely, ING1b knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit enhanced AR activity, suggesting that the interaction with ING1b represses the AR-mediated transcription. Also, data suggest that ING1b expression is downregulated in CRPCa cells compared with androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Interestingly, its ectopic expression induces cellular senescence and reduces cell migration in both androgen-dependent and CRPCa cells. Intriguingly, ING1b can also inhibit androgen-induced growth in LNCaP cells in a similar manner as AR antagonists. Moreover, ING1b upregulates different cell cycle inhibitors including p27(KIP1), which is a novel target for ING1b. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel corepressor function of ING1b on various AR functions, thereby inhibiting PCa cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Esmaeili
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Jennek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Susann Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Melle
- Biomolecular Photonics Group, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adrados I, Larrasa-Alonso J, Galarreta A, López-Antona I, Menéndez C, Abad M, Gil J, Moreno-Bueno G, Palmero I. The homeoprotein SIX1 controls cellular senescence through the regulation of p16INK4A and differentiation-related genes. Oncogene 2015; 35:3485-94. [PMID: 26500063 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an antiproliferative response with essential functions in tumor suppression and tissue homeostasis. Here we show that SIX1, a member of the SIX family of homeobox transcriptional factors, is a novel repressor of senescence. Our data show that SIX1 is specifically downregulated in fibroblasts upon oncogenic stress and other pro-senescence stimuli, as well as in senescent skin premalignant lesions. Silencing of SIX1 in human fibroblasts suffices to trigger senescence, which is mediated by p16INK4A and lacks a canonical senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Interestingly, SIX1-associated senescence is further characterized by the expression of a set of development and differentiation-related genes that significantly overlap with genes associated with SIX1 in organogenesis or human tumors, and show coincident regulation in oncogene-induced senescence. Mechanistically, we show that gene regulation by SIX1 during senescence is mediated, at least in part, by cooperation with Polycomb repressive complexes. In summary, our results identify SIX1, a key development regulator altered in human tumors, as a critical repressor of cellular senescence, providing a novel connection between senescence, differentiation and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Adrados
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Larrasa-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Galarreta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - I López-Antona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Menéndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Abad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - G Moreno-Bueno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, IdiPAZ (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz) and Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Palmero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thakur S, Nabbi A, Klimowicz A, Riabowol K. Stromal ING1 expression induces a secretory phenotype and correlates with breast cancer patient survival. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:164. [PMID: 26306560 PMCID: PMC4549945 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have established that levels of the Inhibitor of Growth 1(ING1) tumor suppressor are reduced in a significant proportion of different cancer types. Here we analyzed levels of ING1 in breast cancer patients to determine its prognostic significance as a biomarker for breast cancer prognosis. METHODS We used automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) to determine the levels of ING1 in the tumor associated stromal cells of 462 breast cancer samples. To better understand how high ING1 levels affect nearby epithelium, we measured the levels of cytokines and secreted matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), using an ELISA based assay in mammary fibroblasts overexpressing ING1. These cells were also used in a 3-dimensional co-culture with MCF7 cells to determine the effect of released MMPs and other cytokines on growing colonies. RESULTS We find that high levels of ING1 in stroma are associated with tumor grade (p = 0.001) and size (p = 0.02), and inversely associated with patient survival (p = 0.0001) in luminal, but not in non-luminal cancers, suggesting that high stromal ING1 promotes cancer development. In this group of patients ING1 could also predict patient survival and act as a biomarker (HR = 2.125). While ING1 increased or decreased the expression of different cytokines, ING1 also increased the levels of MMP1, MMP3 and MMP10 by 5-8 fold, and concomitantly decreased levels of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases TIMP2, TIMP3 and TIMP4 by 1.5-3.3 fold, resulting in significant increases in MMP activity as determined by zymography. Co-culturing of MCF7 cells with stromal cells expressing ING1 in 3-dimensional organoid cultures suggested that MCF7 colonies were less well defined, suggesting that secreted MMPs might promote migration. CONCLUSION These data indicate that stromal ING1 expression can predict the survival of patients with luminal breast cancer. High levels of ING1 in stromal cells can promote the development of breast cancer through increased expression and release of MMPs and down regulation of TIMPs, which may be an underlying mechanism of reduced patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satbir Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada
| | - Arash Nabbi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander Klimowicz
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Center, 1331- 29 street NW, Calgary, T2N 4N2, AB, Canada.,Present Address: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Karl Riabowol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, 311 HMRB, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liang X, Zeng J, Wang L, Shen L, Li S, Ma L, Ci X, Yu J, Jia M, Sun Y, Liu Z, Liu S, Li W, Yu H, Chen C, Jia J. Histone demethylase RBP2 induced by Helicobactor Pylori CagA participates in the malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5798-807. [PMID: 25015565 PMCID: PMC4170602 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric epithelial cell malignant transformation induced by Helicobactor Pylori contributes to tumor development, but the underlying mechanisms for this remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that RBP2, a newly identified histone demethylase, can be induced by CagA via PI3K/AKT-Sp1 pathway depending on AKT phosphorylation. Sp1 directly binds to RBP2 promoter and enhances its expression then the upregulated RBP2 significantly increases Cyclin D1 transcription, which contributes to gastric epithelial cell malignant transformation. Further data indicate that knockdown of endogenous RBP2 dominantly inhibits gastric cancer (GC) development both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this CagA- PI3K/AKT-Sp1-RBP2-Cyclin D1 pathway may serve as a novel mechanism for gastric epithelial cell malignant transformation and then gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, RBP2 may link chronic inflammation to tumor development and its inhibition may have potential therapeutic advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Liang
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jiping Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xinyu Ci
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jingya Yu
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Mutian Jia
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yundong Sun
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shili Liu
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guérillon C, Larrieu D, Pedeux R. ING1 and ING2: multifaceted tumor suppressor genes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3753-72. [PMID: 23412501 PMCID: PMC11113716 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of Growth 1 (ING1) was identified and characterized as a "candidate" tumor suppressor gene in 1996. Subsequently, four more genes, also characterized as "candidate" tumor suppressor genes, were identified by homology search: ING2, ING3, ING4, and ING5. The ING proteins are characterized by a high homology in their C-terminal domain, which contains a Nuclear Localization Sequence and a Plant HomeoDomain (PHD), which has a high affinity to Histone 3 tri-methylated on lysine 4 (H3K4Me3). The ING proteins have been involved in the control of cell growth, senescence, apoptosis, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair. Within the ING family, ING1 and ING2 form a subgroup since they are evolutionarily and functionally close. In yeast, only one gene, Pho23, is related to ING1 and ING2 and possesses also a PHD. Recently, the ING1 and ING2 tumor suppressor status has been fully established since several studies have described the loss of ING1 and ING2 protein expression in human tumors and both ING1 and ING2 knockout mice were reported to have spontaneously developed tumors, B cell lymphomas, and soft tissue sarcomas, respectively. In this review, we will describe for the first time what is known about the ING1 and ING2 genes, proteins, their regulations in both human and mice, and their status in human tumors. Furthermore, we explore the current knowledge about identified functions involving ING1 and ING2 in tumor suppression pathways especially in the control of cell cycle and in genome stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Guérillon
- INSERM U917, Faculté de Médecine de Rennes, Microenvironnement et Cancer, Building 2, Room 117, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Delphine Larrieu
- The Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM U917, Faculté de Médecine de Rennes, Microenvironnement et Cancer, Building 2, Room 117, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gómez-Cabello D, Adrados I, Gamarra D, Kobayashi H, Takatsu Y, Takatsu K, Gil J, Palmero I. DGCR8-mediated disruption of miRNA biogenesis induces cellular senescence in primary fibroblasts. Aging Cell 2013; 12:923-31. [PMID: 23773483 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) is critical for normal development and physiology. Conversely, miRNA function is frequently impaired in cancer, and other pathologies, either by aberrant expression of individual miRNAs or dysregulation of miRNA synthesis. Here, we have investigated the impact of global disruption of miRNA biogenesis in primary fibroblasts of human or murine origin, through the knockdown of DGCR8, an essential mediator of the synthesis of canonical miRNAs. We find that the inactivation of DGCR8 in these cells results in a dramatic antiproliferative response, with the acquisition of a senescent phenotype. Senescence triggered by DGCR8 loss is accompanied by the upregulation of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21CIP1. We further show that a subset of senescence-associated miRNAs with the potential to target p21CIP1 is downregulated during DGCR8-mediated senescence. Interestingly, the antiproliferative response to miRNA biogenesis disruption is retained in human tumor cells, irrespective of p53 status. In summary, our results show that defective synthesis of canonical microRNAs results in cell-cycle arrest and cellular senescence in primary fibroblasts mediated by specific miRNAs, and thus identify global miRNA disruption as a novel senescence trigger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Adrados
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ CSIC-UAM; Madrid; Spain
| | - David Gamarra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ CSIC-UAM; Madrid; Spain
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ CSIC-UAM; Madrid; Spain
| | - Yoshihiro Takatsu
- Cell Proliferation Group; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Imperial College London; London; UK
| | - Kyoko Takatsu
- Cell Proliferation Group; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Imperial College London; London; UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Imperial College London; London; UK
| | - Ignacio Palmero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ CSIC-UAM; Madrid; Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bose P, Thakur S, Thalappilly S, Ahn BY, Satpathy S, Feng X, Suzuki K, Kim SW, Riabowol K. ING1 induces apoptosis through direct effects at the mitochondria. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e788. [PMID: 24008732 PMCID: PMC3789179 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ING family of tumor suppressors acts as readers and writers of the histone epigenetic code, affecting DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, cellular senescence, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. The best characterized member of the ING family, ING1,interacts with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in a UV-inducible manner. ING1 also interacts with members of the14-3-3 family leading to its cytoplasmic relocalization. Overexpression of ING1 enhances expression of the Bax gene and was reported to alter mitochondrial membrane potential in a p53-dependent manner. Here we show that ING1 translocates to the mitochondria of primary fibroblasts and established epithelial cell lines in response to apoptosis inducing stimuli, independent of the cellular p53 status. The ability of ING1 to induce apoptosis in various breast cancer cell lines correlates well with its degree of translocation to the mitochondria after UV treatment. Endogenous ING1 protein specifically interacts with the pro-apoptotic BCL2 family member BAX, and colocalizes with BAX in a UV-inducible manner. Ectopic expression of a mitochondria-targeted ING1 construct is more proficient in inducing apoptosis than the wild type ING1 protein. Bioinformatic analysis of the yeast interactome indicates that yeast ING proteins interact with 64 mitochondrial proteins. Also, sequence analysis of ING1 reveals the presence of a BH3-like domain. These data suggest a model in which stress-induced cytoplasmic relocalization of ING1 by14-3-3 induces ING1-BAX interaction to promote mitochondrial membrane permeability and represent a paradigm shift in our understanding of ING1 function in the cytoplasm and its contribution to apoptosis [corrected].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Bose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
ING4 regulates a secretory phenotype in primary fibroblasts with dual effects on cell proliferation and tumor growth. Oncogene 2013; 33:1945-53. [PMID: 23604125 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ING proteins have an essential role in the control of a variety of cellular functions whose deregulation is associated with tumor formation and dissemination, such as proliferation, apoptosis, senescence or invasion. Accordingly, loss of function of ING proteins is a frequent event in many types of human tumors. In this report, we have studied the function of ING4, a member of the ING family of tumor suppressors, in the context of normal, non-transformed primary fibroblasts. We show that ING4 negatively regulates cell proliferation in this cell type. The antiproliferative action of ING4 requires its ability to recognize chromatin marks, it is p53-dependent at least in part, and it is lost in an ING4 cancer-associated mutant. Gene expression analysis shows that ING4 regulates the expression and release of soluble factors of the chemokine family. The secretory phenotype regulated by ING4 in primary fibroblasts displays a selective paracrine effect on proliferation, fostering the division of tumor cells, while inhibiting division in primary fibroblasts. Consistently, ING4-expressing fibroblasts promoted tumor growth in vivo in co-injection tumorigenesis assays. Collectively, our results show that ING4 not only can regulate the proliferation of primary non-transformed human fibroblasts, but also orchestrates a secretory phenotype in these cells that promotes tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These findings support a critical role for ING4 expression in normal cells in the non-cell-autonomous regulation of tumor growth.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The INhibitor of Growth 1 (ING1) is stoichiometric member of histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes and functions as an epigenetic regulator and a type II tumor suppressor. It impacts cell growth, aging, apoptosis, and DNA repair, by affecting chromatin conformation and gene expression. Down regulation and mislocalization of ING1 have been reported in diverse tumor types and Ser/Thr phosphorylation has been implicated in both of these processes. Here we demonstrate that both in vitro and in vivo, the tyrosine kinase Src is able to physically associate with, and phosphorylate ING1, which results in a nuclear to cytoplasmic relocalization of ING1 in cells and a decrease of ING1 stability. Functionally, Src antagonizes the ability of ING1 to induce apoptosis, most likely through relocalization of ING1 and down regulation of ING1 levels. These effects were due to both kinase-dependent and kinase-independent properties of Src, and were most apparent at elevated levels of Src expression. These findings suggest that Src may play a major role in regulating ING1 levels during tumorigenesis in those cancers in which high levels of Src expression or activity are present. These data represent the first report of tyrosine kinase-mediated regulation of ING1 levels and suggest that kinase activation can impact chromatin structure through the ING1 epigenetic regulator.
Collapse
|
21
|
The ING1a tumor suppressor regulates endocytosis to induce cellular senescence via the Rb-E2F pathway. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001502. [PMID: 23472054 PMCID: PMC3589274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An age-associated isoform of ING1, ING1a, induces cell senescence by altering endocytosis, subsequently activating the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor. The INhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins act as type II tumor suppressors and epigenetic regulators, being stoichiometric members of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase complexes. Expression of the alternatively spliced ING1a tumor suppressor increases >10-fold during replicative senescence. ING1a overexpression inhibits growth; induces a large flattened cell morphology and the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase; increases Rb, p16, and cyclin D1 levels; and results in the accumulation of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci. Here we identify ING1a-regulated genes and find that ING1a induces the expression of a disproportionate number of genes whose products encode proteins involved in endocytosis. Intersectin 2 (ITSN2) is most affected by ING1a, being rapidly induced >25-fold. Overexpression of ITSN2 independently induces expression of the p16 and p57KIP2 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, which act to block Rb inactivation, acting as downstream effectors of ING1a. ITSN2 is also induced in normally senescing cells, consistent with elevated levels of ING1a inducing ITSN2 as part of a normal senescence program. Inhibition of endocytosis or altering the stoichiometry of endosome components such as Rab family members similarly induces senescence. Knockdown of ITSN2 also blocks the ability of ING1a to induce a senescent phenotype, confirming that ITSN2 is a major transducer of ING1a-induced senescence signaling. These data identify a pathway by which ING1a induces senescence and indicate that altered endocytosis activates the Rb pathway, subsequently effecting a senescent phenotype. Alternative splicing of several genes including the p16 and p53 tumor suppressors has been reported to increase during replicative senescence of normal diploid cells, but the biological functions of most alternative transcripts are unknown. We have found that a splicing product of the ING1 epigenetic regulator, ING1a, also increases during senescence; moreover, forced expression of ING1a at these levels in otherwise growth-competent cells can induce senescence. In this study we have determined that a major mechanism by which ING1a induces senescence is through inhibiting endocytosis; this subsequently activates the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor pathway by increasing Rb levels and preventing its inactivation through multiple mechanisms. Our study also establishes a link between endocytosis and oxidative stress and suggests that multiple mechanisms that induce cellular senescence may do so by inhibiting normal endocytic processes, thereby affecting normal signal transduction pathways including those mitogenic pathways required for cell growth.
Collapse
|
22
|
Inhibitor of growth 1 (ING1) acts at early steps of multiple DNA repair pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 378:117-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
23
|
RegulatING chromatin regulators: post-translational modification of the ING family of epigenetic regulators. Biochem J 2013; 450:433-42. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The five human ING genes encode at least 15 splicing isoforms, most of which affect cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis through their ability to alter gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms. Since their discovery in 1996, ING proteins have been classified as type II tumour suppressors on the basis of reports describing their down-regulation and mislocalization in a variety of cancer types. In addition to their regulation by transcriptional mechanisms, understanding the range of PTMs (post-translational modifications) of INGs is important in understanding how ING functions are fine-tuned in the physiological setting and how they add to the repertoire of activities affected by the INGs. In the present paper we review the different PTMs that have been reported to occur on INGs. We discuss the PTMs that modulate ING function under normal conditions and in response to a variety of stresses. We also describe the ING PTMs that have been identified by several unbiased MS-based PTM enrichment techniques and subsequent proteomic analysis. Among the ING PTMs identified to date, a subset has been characterized for their biological significance and have been shown to affect processes including subcellular localization, interaction with enzymatic complexes and ING protein half-life. The present review aims to highlight the emerging role of PTMs in regulating ING function and to suggest additional pathways and functions where PTMs may effect ING function.
Collapse
|
24
|
De Biasio A, Blanco FJ. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Structure and Interactions. PROTEIN-NUCLEIC ACIDS INTERACTIONS 2013; 91:1-36. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411637-5.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
25
|
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) interactions in solution studied by NMR. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48390. [PMID: 23139781 PMCID: PMC3491057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PCNA is an essential factor for DNA replication and repair. It forms a ring shaped structure of 86 kDa by the symmetric association of three identical protomers. The ring encircles the DNA and acts as a docking platform for other proteins, most of them containing the PCNA Interaction Protein sequence (PIP-box). We have used NMR to characterize the interactions of PCNA with several other proteins and fragments in solution. The binding of the PIP-box peptide of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 to PCNA is consistent with the crystal structure of the complex. A shorter p21 peptide binds with reduced affinity but retains most of the molecular recognition determinants. However the binding of the corresponding peptide of the tumor suppressor ING1 is extremely weak, indicating that slight deviations from the consensus PIP-box sequence dramatically reduce the affinity for PCNA, in contrast with a proposed less stringent PIP-box sequence requirement. We could not detect any binding between PCNA and the MCL-1 or the CDK2 protein, reported to interact with PCNA in biochemical assays. This suggests that they do not bind directly to PCNA, or they do but very weakly, with additional unidentified factors stabilizing the interactions in the cell. Backbone dynamics measurements show three PCNA regions with high relative flexibility, including the interdomain connector loop (IDCL) and the C-terminus, both of them involved in the interaction with the PIP-box. Our work provides the basis for high resolution studies of direct ligand binding to PCNA in solution.
Collapse
|
26
|
Jafarnejad SM, Li G. Regulation of p53 by ING family members in suppression of tumor initiation and progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 31:55-73. [PMID: 22095030 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-011-9329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The INhibitor of Growth (ING) family is an evolutionarily conserved set of proteins, implicated in suppression of initiation and progression of cancers in various tissues. They promote cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence and apoptosis, participate in stress responses, regulate DNA replication and DNA damage responses, and inhibit cancer cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of the tumors. At the molecular level, ING proteins are believed to participate in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation of their target genes. However, the best known function of ING proteins is their cooperation with p53 tumor suppressor protein in tumor suppression. All major isoforms of ING family members can promote the transactivition of p53 and the majority of them are shown to directly interact with p53. In addition, ING proteins are thought to interact with and modulate the function of auxiliary members of p53 pathway, such as MDM2, ARF , p300, and p21, indicating their widespread involvement in the regulation and function of this prominent tumor suppressor pathway. It seems that p53 pathway is the main mechanism by which ING proteins exert their functions. Nevertheless, regulation of other pathways which are not relevant to p53, yet important for tumorigenesis such as TGF-β and NF-κB, by ING proteins is also observed. This review summarizes the current understanding of the mutual interactions and cooperation between different members of ING family with p53 pathway and implications of this cooperation in the suppression of cancer initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
The tumor suppressor p33ING1bupregulates p16INK4aexpression and induces cellular senescence. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
28
|
Ludwig S, Klitzsch A, Baniahmad A. The ING tumor suppressors in cellular senescence and chromatin. Cell Biosci 2011; 1:25. [PMID: 21767350 PMCID: PMC3154856 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-1-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Inhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins represent a type II tumor suppressor family comprising five conserved genes, ING1 to ING5. While ING1, ING2 and ING3 proteins are stable components of the mSIN3a-HDAC complexes, the association of ING1, ING4 and ING5 with HAT protein complexes was also reported. Among these the ING1 and ING2 have been analyzed more deeply. Similar to other tumor suppressor factors the ING proteins are also involved in many cellular pathways linked to cancer and cell proliferation such as cell cycle regulation, cellular senescence, DNA repair, apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and modulation of chromatin. A common structural feature of ING factors is the conserved plant homeodomain (PHD), which can bind directly to the histone mark trimethylated lysine of histone H3 (H3K4me3). PHD mutants lose the ability to undergo cellular senescence linking chromatin mark recognition with cellular senescence. ING1 and ING2 are localized in the cell nucleus and associated with chromatin modifying enzymes, linking tumor suppression directly to chromatin regulation. In line with this, the expression of ING1 in tumors is aberrant or identified point mutations are mostly localized in the PHD finger and affect histone binding. Interestingly, ING1 protein levels increase in replicative senescent cells, latter representing an efficient pathway to inhibit cancer proliferation. In association with this, suppression of p33ING1 expression prolongs replicative life span and is also sufficient to bypass oncogene-induced senescence. Recent analyses of ING1- and ING2-deficient mice confirm a tumor suppressive role of ING1 and ING2 and also indicate an essential role of ING2 in meiosis. Here we summarize the activity of ING1 and ING2 as tumor suppressors, chromatin factors and in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|