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Foroutan Z, Cicero AFG, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Curcuminoids as natural modulators of necroptosis: therapeutic implications. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03455-3. [PMID: 39287673 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis is an emerging form of programmed cell death characterized by necrosis, an inflammatory type of cell death. Necroptosis is primarily initiated by specific mediators that interact with receptor proteins, leading to the activation of protein kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3. These kinases transmit death signals and recruit and phosphorylate mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), which ultimately triggers cell death and necroptosis. Curcuminoids, natural compounds derived from turmeric, have been shown to possess various therapeutic benefits, including neuroprotective, anti-metabolic syndrome, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. In this concise overview, we aim to explore the relationship between curcuminoids and the molecular mechanisms of the necroptosis pathway based on recent in vivo and in vitro studies. The available literature indicates that curcuminoids, mainly curcumin, can act as inhibitors of necroptosis in tissue damage scenarios while serving as a necroptosis inducer in cancer cells. Curcuminoids significantly influence key indicators of necroptosis, highlighting their potential to enhance disease treatment. Future studies should focus on further investigating this important component of turmeric to advance therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Foroutan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Khan S, Bano N, Ahamad S, John U, Dar NJ, Bhat SA. Excitotoxicity, Oxytosis/Ferroptosis, and Neurodegeneration: Emerging Insights into Mitochondrial Mechanisms. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0125-1. [PMID: 39122453 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the development of age-related diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. The etiology of mitochondrial dysfunction involves a multitude of factors that remain elusive. This review centers on elucidating the role(s) of excitotoxicity, oxytosis/ferroptosis and neurodegeneration within the context of mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis, mitophagy and oxidative stress and explores their intricate interplay in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The effective coordination of mitochondrial turnover processes, notably mitophagy and biogenesis, is assumed to be critically important for cellular resilience and longevity. However, the age-associated decrease in mitophagy impedes the elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, consequently impairing mitochondrial biogenesis. This deleterious cascade results in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and deterioration of cellular functions. Both excitotoxicity and oxytosis/ferroptosis have been demonstrated to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Excitotoxicity, characterized by excessive glutamate signaling, initiates a cascade of events involving calcium dysregulation, energy depletion, and oxidative stress and is intricately linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, emerging concepts surrounding oxytosis/ferroptosis underscore the importance of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial engagement in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. This review not only discusses the individual contributions of excitotoxicity and ferroptosis but also emphasizes their convergence with mitochondrial dysfunction, a key driver of neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the intricate crosstalk between excitotoxicity, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction holds potential to pave the way for mitochondrion-targeted therapeutic strategies. Such strategies, with a focus on bioenergetics, biogenesis, mitophagy, and oxidative stress, emerge as promising avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Khan
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Nargis Bano
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Urmilla John
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nawab John Dar
- CNB, SALK Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Ficiarà E, Stura I, Vernone A, Silvagno F, Cavalli R, Guiot C. Iron Overload in Brain: Transport Mismatches, Microbleeding Events, and How Nanochelating Therapies May Counteract Their Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2337. [PMID: 38397013 PMCID: PMC10889007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron overload in many brain regions is a common feature of aging and most neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the causes, mechanisms, mathematical models, and possible therapies are summarized. Indeed, physiological and pathological conditions can be investigated using compartmental models mimicking iron trafficking across the blood-brain barrier and the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Brain exchange membranes located in the choroid plexus. In silico models can investigate the alteration of iron homeostasis and simulate iron concentration in the brain environment, as well as the effects of intracerebral iron chelation, determining potential doses and timing to recover the physiological state. Novel formulations of non-toxic nanovectors with chelating capacity are already tested in organotypic brain models and could be available to move from in silico to in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ficiarà
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Stura
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Annamaria Vernone
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Caterina Guiot
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
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4
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Han WM, Hong YX, Xiao GS, Wang RY, Li G. NMDARs activation regulates endothelial ferroptosis via the PP2A-AMPK-HMGB1 axis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:34. [PMID: 38233385 PMCID: PMC10794209 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ligand-gated, voltage-dependent channels of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family. The present study explored whether NMDAR activation induced ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells and its complicated mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Various detection approaches were used to determine the ferroptosis-related cellular iron content, lipid reactive oxygen species (LOS), siRNA molecules, RNA-sequence, MDA, GSH, and western blotting. The AMPK activator Acadesine (AICAR), HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin (GLY), PP2A inhibitor LB-100, and NMDAR inhibitor MK801 were used to investigate the involved in vivo and in vitro pathways. The activation of NMDAR with L-glutamic acid (GLU) or NMDA significantly promoted cellular ferroptosis, iron content, MDA, and the PTGS2 expression, while decreasing GPX4 expression and GSH concentration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which was reversed by ferroptosis inhibitors Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1), Liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1), or Deferoxamine (DFO). RNA-seq revealed that ferroptosis and SLC7A11 participate in NMDA or GLU-mediated NMDAR activation. The PP2A-AMPK-HMGB1 pathway was majorly associated with NMDAR activation-induced ferroptosis, validated using the PP2A inhibitor LB-100, AMPK activator AICAR, or HMGB1 siRNA. The role of NMDAR in ferroptosis was validated in HUVECs induced with the ferroptosis activator errasin or RSL3 and counteracted by the NMDAR inhibitor MK-801. The in vivo results showed that NMDA- or GLU-induced ferroptosis and LOS production was reversed by MK-801, LB-100, AICAR, MK-801, and GLY, confirming that the PP2A-AMPK-HMGB1 pathway is involved in NMDAR activation-induced vascular endothelium ferroptosis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated a novel role of NMDAR in endothelial cell injury by regulating ferroptosis via the PP2A-AMPK-HMGB1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Han
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Hong
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Xiao
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China.
| | - Rui-Ying Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China.
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Cheng HP, Feng DD, Li XH, Gao LH, Qiu YJ, Liang XY, Zhou Y, Huang P, Shao M, Zhang YN, Chang YF, Fu JF, Huang YH, Liu W, Tang SY, Li C, Luo ZQ. NMDA receptor activation induces damage of alveolar type II cells and lung fibrogenesis through ferroptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119535. [PMID: 37451346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a newly discovered type of regulated cell death, has been implicated in numerous human diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Emerging evidence has linked ferroptosis and glutamate-determined cell fate which is considered a new light on the etiology of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we observed that N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation promoted cell damage and iron deposition in MLE-12 cells in a dose-, time-, and receptor-dependent manner. This mediated substantial Ca2+ influx, upregulated the expression levels of nNOS and IRP1, and affected intracellular iron homeostasis by regulating the expression of iron transport-related proteins (i.e., TFR1, DMT1, and FPN). Excessive iron load promoted the continuous accumulation of total intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which ultimately led to ferroptosis. NMDAR inhibition reduced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-induced mice. Bleomycin stimulation upregulated the expression of NMDAR1, nNOS, and IRP1 in mouse lung tissues, which ultimately led to iron deposition via regulation of the expression of various iron metabolism-related genes. NMDAR activation initiated the pulmonary fibrosis process by inducing iron deposition in lung tissues and ferroptosis of alveolar type II cells. Our data suggest that NMDAR activation regulates the expression of iron metabolism-related genes by promoting calcium influx, increasing nNOS and IRP1 expression, and increasing iron deposition by affecting cellular iron homeostasis, ultimately leading to mitochondrial damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ferroptosis. NMDAR activation-induced ferroptosis of alveolar type II cells might be a key event to the initiation of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Feng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Hua Gao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Jia Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing-Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Na Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Fen Chang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Feng Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zi-Qiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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6
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Zeng T, Li J, Xie L, Dong Z, Chen Q, Huang S, Xie S, Lai Y, Li J, Yan W, Wang Y, Xie Z, Hu C, Zhang J, Kuang S, Song Y, Gao L, Lv Z. Nrf2 regulates iron-dependent hippocampal synapses and functional connectivity damage in depression. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:212. [PMID: 37735410 PMCID: PMC10512501 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal iron overload contributes to synaptic damage and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying iron deposition in depression remain largely unexplored. Our study aims to investigate how nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) ameliorates hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and reduces brain functional connectivity (FC) associated with excessive iron in depression. We treated mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) with the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM) and a high-iron diet (2.5% carbonyl iron) to examine the role of iron overload in synaptic plasticity. The involvement of Nrf2 in iron metabolism and brain function was assessed using molecular biological techniques and in vivo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) through genetic deletion or pharmacologic activation of Nrf2. The results demonstrated a significant correlation between elevated serum iron levels and impaired hippocampal functional connectivity (FC), which contributed to the development of depression-induced CUMS. Iron overload plays a crucial role in CUMS-induced depression and synaptic dysfunction, as evidenced by the therapeutic effects of a high-iron diet and DFOM. The observed iron overload in this study was associated with decreased Nrf2 levels and increased expression of transferrin receptors (TfR). Notably, inhibition of iron accumulation effectively attenuated CUMS-induced synaptic damage mediated by downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Nrf2-/- mice exhibited compromised FC within the limbic system and the basal ganglia, particularly in the hippocampus, and inhibition of iron accumulation effectively attenuated CUMS-induced synaptic damage mediated by downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Activation of Nrf2 restored iron homeostasis and reversed vulnerability to depression. Mechanistically, we further identified that Nrf2 deletion promoted iron overload via upregulation of TfR and downregulation of ferritin light chain (FtL), leading to BDNF-mediated synapse damage in the hippocampus. Therefore, our findings unveil a novel role for Nrf2 in regulating iron homeostasis while providing mechanistic insights into poststress susceptibility to depression. Targeting Nrf2-mediated iron metabolism may offer promising strategies for developing more effective antidepressant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Brain Diseases, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingpeng Xie
- Department of Hepatology, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Zhaoyang Dong
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - YuHua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeping Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Changlei Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Kuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhong Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University (SMU), Sha Tai Nan Road No. 1063, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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7
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Wang D, Yin K, Zhang Y, Lu H, Hou L, Zhao H, Xing M. Fluoride induces neutrophil extracellular traps and aggravates brain inflammation by disrupting neutrophil calcium homeostasis and causing ferroptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 331:121847. [PMID: 37209896 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Endemic fluorosis (EF) has been listed as one of the serious public health problems in many countries. Long-term exposure to high fluoride can lead to severe neuropathological damage to the brain. Although long-term research has revealed the mechanism of some brain inflammation caused by excessive fluoride, the role of intercellular interactions, especially immune cells, in brain damage is still unclear. Fluoride can induce ferroptosis and inflammation in the brain in our study. A co-culture system of neutrophil extranets and primary neuronal cells showed that fluoride can aggravate neuronal cell inflammation by causing neutrophil extranets (NETs). In terms of the mechanism of action, we found that fluoride leads to the opening of calcium ion channels by causing neutrophil calcium imbalance, which in turn leads to the opening of L-type calcium ion channels (LTCC). Extracellular free iron enters the cell from the open LTCC, leading to neutrophil ferroptosis, which releases NETs. Blocking LTCC (nifedipine) rescued neutrophil ferroptosis and reduced the generation of NETs. Inhibition of ferroptosis (Fer-1) did not block cellular calcium imbalance. In summary, our study explores the role of NETs in fluoride-induced brain inflammation and suggests that blocking calcium channels may be one of the possibilities to rescue fluoride-induced ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Kai Yin
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongmin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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8
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Tena-Morraja P, Riqué-Pujol G, Müller-Sánchez C, Reina M, Martínez-Estrada OM, Soriano FX. Synaptic Activity Regulates Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism to Enhance Neuronal Bioenergetics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020922. [PMID: 36674431 PMCID: PMC9864932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic activity is the main energy-consuming process in the central nervous system. We are beginning to understand how energy is supplied and used during synaptic activity by neurons. However, the long-term metabolic adaptations associated with a previous episode of synaptic activity are not well understood. Herein, we show that an episode of synaptic activity increases mitochondrial bioenergetics beyond the duration of the synaptic activity by transcriptionally inducing the expression of iron metabolism genes with the consequent enhancement of cellular and mitochondrial iron uptake. Iron is a necessary component of the electron transport chain complexes, and its chelation or knockdown of mitochondrial iron transporter Mfrn1 blocks the activity-mediated bioenergetics boost. We found that Mfrn1 expression is regulated by the well-known regulator of synaptic plasticity CREB, suggesting the coordinated expression of synaptic plasticity programs with those required to meet the associated increase in energetic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tena-Morraja
- Celltec-UB, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Riqué-Pujol
- Celltec-UB, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Müller-Sánchez
- Celltec-UB, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Reina
- Celltec-UB, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ofelia M. Martínez-Estrada
- Celltec-UB, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc X. Soriano
- Celltec-UB, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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9
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Role of amyloid beta (25-35) neurotoxicity in the ferroptosis and necroptosis as modalities of regulated cell death in Alzheimer's disease. Neurotoxicology 2023; 94:71-86. [PMID: 36347329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell death as a prominent pathological feature contributes to cognitive decline and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the role of two forms of cell death pathways, ferroptosis and necroptosis, and their interactions following entorhinal cortex (EC) amyloidopathy. The Aβ25-35 was bilaterally injected into the rat's EC, and Morris Water Maze was applied to determine spatial performance one week after Aβ injection. For evaluation of ferroptosis and necroptosis involvement in Aβ induced pathology, ferroptosis inhibitor, Ferrostatin (Fer-1), and necroptosis inhibitor, Necrostatin (Nec-1), were injected into the EC during training days of behavioral test. Our behavioral and histological assessment showed spatial learning and memory impairment, along with neuropathology changes such as cell survival and intracellular Aβ deposits in response to EC amyloidopathy, which were ameliorated by treatment with Fer-1 or Nec-1. The expression of ferroptosis key factors GPX4 and SLC7A11 were decreased and the level of TfR was increased following Aβ toxicity. Also, Necroptosis pathway related factors RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL were modulated by Aβ neurotoxicity. However, application of Fer-1 or Nec-1 could inhibit the hippocampal ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways due to EC amyloidopathy. Our data also demonstrated that Aβ-induced necroptosis suppressed by Fer-1, although Nec-1 had no effect on ferroptosis, indicating that ferroptosis pathway is upstream of necroptosis process in the Aβ neurotoxicity. Moreover, Aβ induced hippocampal mGLUR5 overexpression and reduced level of STIM1/2 recovered by Fer-1 or Nec-1. According to our findings ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways are involved in Aβ neurotoxicity through modulation of mGLUR5 and STIM1/2 signaling.
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10
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Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Elicit Acute and Chronic Itch via Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 Activation in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:373-385. [PMID: 35294713 PMCID: PMC9068852 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) that are overproduced by mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to pathological conditions including sensory abnormalities. Here, we explored whether mROS overproduction induces itch through transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3), which is sensitive to ROS. Intradermal injection of antimycin A (AA), a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III for mROS overproduction, produced robust scratching behavior in naïve mice, which was suppressed by MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-selective ROS scavenger, and Pyr10, a TRPC3-specific blocker, but not by blockers of TRPA1 or TRPV1. AA activated subsets of trigeminal ganglion neurons and also induced inward currents, which were blocked by MitoTEMPO and Pyr10. Besides, dry skin-induced chronic scratching was relieved by MitoTEMPO and Pyr10, and also by resveratrol, an antioxidant. Taken together, our results suggest that mROS elicit itch through TRPC3, which may underlie chronic itch, representing a potential therapeutic target for chronic itch.
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Zhao J, Wu Y, Liang S, Piao X. Activation of SSAT1/ALOX15 axis aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via triggering neuronal ferroptosis. Neuroscience 2022; 485:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Lu C, Tan C, Ouyang H, Chen Z, Yan Z, Zhang M. Ferroptosis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Panoramic Perspective of the Metabolism, Mechanism and Theranostics. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1348-1364. [PMID: 36186133 PMCID: PMC9466971 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is one of the most crucial elements in the human body. In recent years, a kind of programmed, non-apoptotic cell death closely related to iron metabolism-called ferroptosis- has aroused much interest among many scientists. Ferroptosis also interacts with other pathways involved in cell death including iron abnormality, the cystine/glutamate antiporter and lipid peroxidation. Together these pathological pathways exert great impacts on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a lethal cerebrovascular disease with a high incidence rate and mortality rate. Furthermore, the ferroptosis also affects different brain cells (neurons and neuroglial cells) and different organelles (mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum). Clinical treatments for ferroptosis in ICH have been closely investigated recently. This perspective provides a comprehensive summary of ferroptosis mechanisms after ICH and its interaction with other cell death patterns. Understanding the role of ferroptosis in ICH will open new windows for the future treatments and preventions for ICH and other intracerebral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410031, China
| | - Changwu Tan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410031, China
| | - Hongfei Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410031, China
| | - Zhuohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhouyi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Mengqi Zhang, Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. ..
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13
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Irrsack E, Schuller J, Petters C, Willmann W, Dringen R, Koch M. Effects of Local Administration of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Prefrontal Cortex, Striatum, and Hippocampus of Rats. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2056-2071. [PMID: 34705254 PMCID: PMC8639550 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are used for diverse medical approaches, although the potential health risks, for example adverse effects on brain functions, are not fully clarified. Several in vitro studies demonstrated that the different types of brain cells are able to accumulate IONPs and reported a toxic potential for IONPs, at least for microglia. However, little information is available for the in vivo effects of direct application of IONPs into the brain over time. Therefore, we examined the cellular responses and the distribution of iron in the rat brain at different time points after local infusion of IONPs into selected brain areas. Dispersed IONPs or an equivalent amount of low molecular weight iron complex ferric ammonium citrate or vehicle were infused into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the caudate putamen (CPu), or the dorsal hippocampus (dHip). Rats were sacrificed 1 day, 1 week, or 4 weeks post-infusion and brain sections were histologically examined for treatment effects on astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. Glial scar formation was observed in the mPFC and CPu 1 week post-infusion independent of the substance and probably resulted from the infusion procedure. Compared to vehicle, IONPs did not cause any obvious additional adverse effects and no additional tissue damage, while the infusion of ferric ammonium citrate enhanced neurodegeneration in the mPFC. Results of iron staining indicate that IONPs were mainly accumulated in microglia. Our results demonstrate that local infusions of IONPs in selected brain areas do not cause any additional adverse effects or neurodegeneration compared to vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Irrsack
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Centre for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Julia Schuller
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Centre for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Petters
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), and Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Willmann
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), and Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), and Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Centre for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
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14
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Gleitze S, Paula-Lima A, Núñez MT, Hidalgo C. The calcium-iron connection in ferroptosis-mediated neuronal death. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:28-41. [PMID: 34461261 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron, through its participation in oxidation/reduction processes, is essential for the physiological function of biological systems. In the brain, iron is involved in the development of normal cognitive functions, and its lack during development causes irreversible cognitive damage. Yet, deregulation of iron homeostasis provokes neuronal damage and death. Ferroptosis, a newly described iron-dependent cell death pathway, differs at the morphological, biochemical, and genetic levels from other cell death types. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation, depletion of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione and altered mitochondrial morphology. Although iron promotes the emergence of Ca2+ signals via activation of redox-sensitive Ca2+ channels, the role of Ca2+ signaling in ferroptosis has not been established. The early dysregulation of the cellular redox state observed in ferroptosis is likely to disturb Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling, facilitating ferroptotic neuronal death. This review presents an overview of the role of iron and ferroptosis in neuronal function, emphasizing the possible involvement of Ca2+ signaling in these processes. We propose, accordingly, that the iron-ferroptosis-Ca2+ association orchestrates the progression of cognitive dysfunctions and memory loss that occurs in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, to prevent iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis, we suggest the use of drugs that target the abnormal Ca2+ signaling caused by excessive iron levels as therapy for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gleitze
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco T Núñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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Zimmer TS, David B, Broekaart DWM, Schidlowski M, Ruffolo G, Korotkov A, van der Wel NN, van Rijen PC, Mühlebner A, van Hecke W, Baayen JC, Idema S, François L, van Eyll J, Dedeurwaerdere S, Kessels HW, Surges R, Rüber T, Gorter JA, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Seizure-mediated iron accumulation and dysregulated iron metabolism after status epilepticus and in temporal lobe epilepsy. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:729-759. [PMID: 34292399 PMCID: PMC8423709 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal dysfunction due to iron accumulation in conjunction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) could represent an important, yet underappreciated, component of the epileptogenic process. However, to date, alterations in iron metabolism in the epileptogenic brain have not been addressed in detail. Iron-related neuropathology and antioxidant metabolic processes were investigated in resected brain tissue from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS), post-mortem brain tissue from patients who died after status epilepticus (SE) as well as brain tissue from the electrically induced SE rat model of TLE. Magnetic susceptibility of the presumed seizure-onset zone from three patients with focal epilepsy was compared during and after seizure activity. Finally, the cellular effects of iron overload were studied in vitro using an acute mouse hippocampal slice preparation and cultured human fetal astrocytes. While iron-accumulating neurons had a pyknotic morphology, astrocytes appeared to acquire iron-sequestrating capacity as indicated by prominent ferritin expression and iron retention in the hippocampus of patients with SE or TLE. Interictal to postictal comparison revealed increased magnetic susceptibility in the seizure-onset zone of epilepsy patients. Post-SE rats had consistently higher hippocampal iron levels during the acute and chronic phase (when spontaneous recurrent seizures are evident). In vitro, in acute slices that were exposed to iron, neurons readily took up iron, which was exacerbated by induced epileptiform activity. Human astrocyte cultures challenged with iron and ROS increased their antioxidant and iron-binding capacity, but simultaneously developed a pro-inflammatory phenotype upon chronic exposure. These data suggest that seizure-mediated, chronic neuronal iron uptake might play a role in neuronal dysfunction/loss in TLE-HS. On the other hand, astrocytes sequester iron, specifically in chronic epilepsy. This function might transform astrocytes into a highly resistant, pro-inflammatory phenotype potentially contributing to pro-epileptogenic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastian David
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Schidlowski
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Department Cell Biology and Histology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van Rijen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Centre, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth François
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Jonathan van Eyll
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Helmut W Kessels
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Surges
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theodor Rüber
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands.
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16
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Involvement of Hepcidin in Cognitive Damage Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8520967. [PMID: 34394834 PMCID: PMC8357469 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8520967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients exhibit different degrees of cognitive impairment, which is related to the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and the deposition of iron in the brain. As a central regulator of iron homeostasis, whether hepcidin is involved in OSA-induced cognitive impairment has not been clarified. In order to simulate OSA, we established the mouse model by reducing the percentage of inspired O2 (FiO2) from 21% to 5%, 20 times/h for 8 h/day. We found hepcidin was rising during CIH, along with increasing iron levels and neuron loss. Then, we constructed a mouse with astrocyte-specific knockdown hepcidin gene (shHamp). During CIH exposure, the shHamp mice showed a lower level of total iron and neuronal iron in the hippocampus, via stabilizing ferroportin 1 (FPN1) and decreasing L-ferritin (FTL) levels, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, the shHamp mice showed a decrease of ROS by downregulating the elevated NADPH oxidase (NOX2) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels mediated by CIH. In addition, the shHamp mice presented improved cognitive deficit by improving synaptic plasticity and BDNF expression in the hippocampus when subjected to CIH. Therefore, our data revealed that highly expressed hepcidin might promote the degradation of FPN1, resulting in neuronal iron deposition, oxidative stress damage, reduced synaptic plasticity, and impaired cognitive performance during CIH exposure.
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17
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Tarnacka B, Jopowicz A, Maślińska M. Copper, Iron, and Manganese Toxicity in Neuropsychiatric Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157820. [PMID: 34360586 PMCID: PMC8346158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper, manganese, and iron are vital elements required for the appropriate development and the general preservation of good health. Additionally, these essential metals play key roles in ensuring proper brain development and function. They also play vital roles in the central nervous system as significant cofactors for several enzymes, including the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other enzymes that take part in the creation and breakdown of neurotransmitters in the brain. An imbalance in the levels of these metals weakens the structural, regulatory, and catalytic roles of different enzymes, proteins, receptors, and transporters and is known to provoke the development of various neurological conditions through different mechanisms, such as via induction of oxidative stress, increased α-synuclein aggregation and fibril formation, and stimulation of microglial cells, thus resulting in inflammation and reduced production of metalloproteins. In the present review, the authors focus on neurological disorders with psychiatric signs associated with copper, iron, and manganese excess and the diagnosis and potential treatment of such disorders. In our review, we described diseases related to these metals, such as aceruloplasminaemia, neuroferritinopathy, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) and other very rare classical NBIA forms, manganism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ephedrone encephalopathy, HMNDYT1-SLC30A10 deficiency (HMNDYT1), HMNDYT2-SLC39A14 deficiency, CDG2N-SLC39A8 deficiency, hepatic encephalopathy, prion disease and “prion-like disease”, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Tarnacka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-603944804
| | - Anna Jopowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Maślińska
- Department of Early Arthritis, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
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18
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Gossypitrin, A Naturally Occurring Flavonoid, Attenuates Iron-Induced Neuronal and Mitochondrial Damage. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113364. [PMID: 34199597 PMCID: PMC8199700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of iron homeostasis is an important factor in the loss of mitochondrial function in neural cells, leading to neurodegeneration. Here, we assessed the protective action of gossypitrin (Gos), a naturally occurring flavonoid, on iron-induced neuronal cell damage using mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells and mitochondria isolated from rat brains. Gos was able to rescue HT22 cells from the damage induced by 100 µM Fe(II)-citrate (EC50 8.6 µM). This protection was linked to the prevention of both iron-induced mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and ATP depletion. In isolated mitochondria, Gos (50 µM) elicited an almost complete protection against iron-induced mitochondrial swelling, the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP depletion. Gos also prevented Fe(II)-citrate-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation with an IC50 value (12.45 µM) that was about nine time lower than that for the tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidation. Furthermore, the flavonoid was effective in inhibiting the degradation of both 15 and 1.5 mM 2-deoxyribose. It also decreased Fe(II) concentration with time, while increasing O2 consumption rate, and impairing the reduction of Fe(III) by ascorbate. Gos-Fe(II) complexes were detected by UV-VIS and IR spectroscopies, with an apparent Gos-iron stoichiometry of 2:1. Results suggest that Gos does not generally act as a classical antioxidant, but it directly affects iron, by maintaining it in its ferric form after stimulating Fe(II) oxidation. Metal ions would therefore be unable to participate in a Fenton-type reaction and the lipid peroxidation propagation phase. Hence, Gos could be used to treat neuronal diseases associated with iron-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.
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Meyer C, Kettner A, Hochenegg U, Rubi L, Hilber K, Koenig X, Boehm S, Hotka M, Kubista H. On the Origin of Paroxysmal Depolarization Shifts: The Contribution of Ca v1.x Channels as the Common Denominator of a Polymorphous Neuronal Discharge Pattern. Neuroscience 2021; 468:265-281. [PMID: 34015369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1960s, the term paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS) has been applied to a wide variety of reinforced neuronal discharge patterns. Occurrence of PDS as cellular correlates of electrographic spikes during latent phases of insult-induced rodent epilepsy models and their resemblance to giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs) nourished the idea that PDS may be involved in epileptogenesis. Both GDPs and - in analogy - PDS may lead to progressive changes of neuronal properties by generation of pulsatile intracellular Ca2+ elevations. Herein, a key element is the gating of L-type voltage gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs, Cav1.x family), which may convey Ca2+ signals to the nucleus. Accordingly, the present study investigates various insult-associated neuronal challenges for their propensities to trigger PDS in a LTCC-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that diverse disturbances of neuronal function are variably suited to induce PDS-like events, and the contribution of LTCCs is essential to evoke PDS in rat hippocampal neurons that closely resemble GDPs. These PDS appear to be initiated in the dendritic sub-compartment. Their morphology critically depends on the position of recording electrodes and on their rate of occurrence. These results provide novel insight into induction mechanisms, origin, variability, and co-existence of PDS with other discharge patterns and thereby pave the way for future investigations regarding the role of PDS in epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Meyer
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Annika Kettner
- University of Applied Sciences (FH Campus Wien), Favoritenstrasse 226, 1100 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ulla Hochenegg
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Rubi
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matej Hotka
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Su J, Wang Q, Li Z, Feng Y, Li Y, Yang S, Feng Y. Different Metabolites in the Roots, Seeds, and Leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus and Their Role in Alleviating Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:6628880. [PMID: 33954008 PMCID: PMC8064801 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the metabolites from different parts of Acanthopanax senticosus and their role in alleviating damage caused by oxidative stress. We used UHPLC-QTOF-MS to analyze the chemical components in the root, seed, and leaf extracts of A. senticosus. Two multivariate statistical analysis methods-namely, principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis-were used to distinguish the samples obtained from different parts of the plant. Using univariate statistics, 130 different metabolites were screened out. Among these, the relative content of flavonoids and terpenoids was found to be highest in the leaves, the lignin and phenolic acid content was highest in the roots, and the amino acid and phenolic acid levels were highest in seeds. An MTT assay was used to test the anti-H2O2 oxidative damage to PC12 cells in different parts of the sample. Lastly, using Pearson's correlation analysis, various metabolites from different parts of A. senticosus were correlated with their antioxidant effects from the corresponding parts. Fifty-two related different metabolites were found, of which 20 metabolites that were positively correlated to oxidative stress were present at a relatively higher level in the roots, whereas 32 metabolites that were negatively correlated were present at relatively higher levels in the seeds and leaves. The results of this study reveal the distribution characteristics and the antioxidant activity of different metabolites of A. senticosus and provide a reference for the rational development of its medicinal parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China
| | - Shinlin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang 330006, China
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21
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Jouini N, Saied Z, Ben Sassi S, Nebli F, Messaoud T, Hentati F, Belal S. Impacts of Iron Metabolism Dysregulation on Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1439-1450. [PMID: 33682709 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron plays an important role in maintaining cell survival, with normal iron trafficking known to be regulated by the ceruloplasmin-transferrin (Cp-Tf) antioxidant system. Disruption to this system is thought to be detrimental to normal brain function. OBJECTIVE To determine whether an imbalance of iron and the proteins involved in its metabolism (ceruloplasmin and transferrin) are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to the expression of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42), which is a major species of Aβ, and the most toxic. METHODS We evaluated the concentrations of iron, calcium, magnesium, and Aβ1-42 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD and cognitively normal controls. Correlations between the components of the Cp-Tf antioxidant system in plasma were studied to determine the role of peripheral blood in the onset and/or development of AD. We used commercial ELISA immunoassays to measure Aβ1-42, immunoturbidimetry to quantify ceruloplasmin and transferrin, and colorimetry to quantify iron, calcium, and magnesium. RESULTS We found that the AD group had lower CSF concentrations of Aβ1-42 (p < 0.001) and calcium (p < 0.001), but a higher CSF concentration of iron (p < 0.001). Significantly lower plasma concentrations of ceruloplasmin (p = 0.003), transferrin (mean, p < 0.001), and iron (p < 0.001) were observed in the AD group than in cognitively normal adults. Moreover, we found a strong interdependence between most of these components. CONCLUSION Iron dyshomeostasis has a crucial role in the onset of AD and/or its development. Correcting metal misdistribution is an appealing therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Jouini
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Neurosciences Department, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Biology Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Current address: Institute of Technology, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Zakaria Saied
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Neurosciences Department, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Ben Sassi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Neurosciences Department, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Nebli
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Neurosciences Department, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Faycel Hentati
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Neurosciences Department, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samir Belal
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Neurosciences Department, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
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Astragaloside IV protects against retinal iron overload toxicity through iron regulation and the inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 410:115361. [PMID: 33285147 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload toxicity has been implicated in retinal pigment epithelial cell injury in age-related macular degeneration. This study investigates the effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a potential retinal protective agent, on the toxicity process of retinal iron overload in vivo and in vitro. AS-IV partially restored the retinal expression of rhodopsin and retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein, suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and alleviated iron deposition and retinal pathological changes in vivo. Also, AS-IV inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, AS-IV prevented cell death by decreasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 expression in vitro. Although there are no chelation effects between AS-IV and iron, AS-IV can reduce intracellular iron by regulating iron-handling proteins in ARPE-19 cells (Cav1.2, divalent metal transporter-1, transferrin receptor 1, and heavy-chain ferritin). In conclusion, the results show that AS-IV has significant protective effects against retinal iron overload toxicity and suggest that iron regulation and the inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB activation might be mechanisms underlying the effects of AS-IV.
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23
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Zhang C, Liu Z, Zhang L, Zhu A, Liao F, Wan J, Zhou J, Tian Y. A Robust Au−C≡C Functionalized Surface: Toward Real‐Time Mapping and Accurate Quantification of Fe
2+
in the Brains of Live AD Mouse Models. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanping Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Anwei Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Fumin Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
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24
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Zhang C, Liu Z, Zhang L, Zhu A, Liao F, Wan J, Zhou J, Tian Y. A Robust Au-C≡C Functionalized Surface: Toward Real-Time Mapping and Accurate Quantification of Fe 2+ in the Brains of Live AD Mouse Models. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20499-20507. [PMID: 32857422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Described here is that Au-C≡C bonds showed the highest stability under biological conditions, with abundant thiols, and the best electrochemical performance compared to Au-S and Au-Se bonds. The new finding was also confirmed by theorical calculations. Based on this finding, a specific molecule for recognition of Fe2+ was designed and synthesized, and used to create a selective and accurate electrochemical sensor for the quantification of Fe2+ . The present ratiometric strategy demonstrates high spatial resolution for real-time tracking of Fe2+ in a dynamic range of 0.2-120 μM. Finally, a microelectrode array with good biocompatibility was applied in imaging and biosensing of Fe2+ in the different regions of live mouse brains. Using this tool, it was discovered that the uptake of extracellular Fe2+ into the cortex and striatum was largely mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) through the CREB-related pathway in the brain of a mouse with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanping Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Anwei Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fumin Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
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25
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Dysfunction of Iron Metabolism and Iron-Regulatory Proteins in the Rat Hippocampus After Heat Stroke. Shock 2020; 51:780-786. [PMID: 29757912 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat stroke, the most serious type of heat illness, refers to the presence of hyperthermia (core temperature >40°C), accompanied by central nervous system dysfunction. The hippocampus is a particularly vulnerable region in the early stage of heat stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of brain iron metabolism is involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether heat stroke causes dysfunction of iron metabolism, as well as iron-regulatory proteins, in the hippocampus remains unknown. The present study was conducted to explore the effects on spatial learning and memory, as well as iron content, ferroportin 1 (Fpn1), and hepcidin expression in the hippocampus after heat stroke in rats. Compared with the Sham group, learning ability and memory declined in rats after heat stroke. Iron concentration was significantly increased in the hippocampus. Expression of Fpn1 protein significantly decreased in the hippocampus, while expression of hepcidin increased. Interestingly, Fpn1 mRNA expression in the hippocampus increased. Our data thereby indicate that heat stroke can decrease learning ability and memory in rats. The mechanism may be related to changes of iron levels, as well as Fpn1 and hepcidin expression, in the hippocampus. Furthermore, hepcidin may rapidly decrease cellular Fpn1 protein levels, even under conditions of iron loading, indicating that hepcidin is a more dominant regulator of Fpn1 than is iron.
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NMDA Receptor Modulates Spinal Iron Accumulation Via Activating DMT1(-)IRE in Remifentanil-Induced Hyperalgesia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2020; 22:32-47. [PMID: 32574785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation is known to be critical in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Evidence indicates that iron accumulation participates in NMDA neurotoxicity. This study aims to investigate the role of iron accumulation in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Remifentanil was delivered intravenously in rats to induce hyperalgesia. The NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 was intrathecally administrated. The levels of divalent metal transporter 1 without iron-responsive element [DMT1(-)IRE] and iron were detected. Behavior testing was performed in DMT1(-)IRE knockdown rats and rats treated with iron chelator DFO. Meanwhile, the spinal dorsal horn neurons were cultured and transfected with DMT1(-)IRE siRNA, and then respectively incubated with remifentanil and MK-801. The levels of intracellular Ca2+ and iron were assessed by fluorescence imaging. Our data revealed that spinal DMT1(-)IRE and iron content significantly increased in remifentanil-treated rats, and MK-801 inhibited the enhancements. DMT1(-)IRE knockdown and DFO prevented against remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Notably, the levels of Ca2+ and iron increased in remifentanil-incubated neurons, and these growths can be blocked by MK-801. DMT1(-)IRE knockdown attenuated iron accumulation but did not influence Ca2+ influx. This study suggests that DMT1(-)IRE-mediated iron accumulation is likely to be the downstream event following NMDA receptor activation and Ca2+ influx, contributing to remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. PERSPECTIVE: Remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia is common even when used within clinical accepted doses. This study presents that aberrant iron accumulation is involved in the development of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in vivo and in vitro. Iron chelation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of hyperalgesia in populations at high risk.
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27
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Wu J, Yang JJ, Cao Y, Li H, Zhao H, Yang S, Li K. Iron overload contributes to general anaesthesia-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:110. [PMID: 32276637 PMCID: PMC7149901 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests that multiple or long-time exposure to general anaesthesia (GA) could be detrimental to cognitive development in young subjects and might also contribute to accelerated neurodegeneration in the elderly. Iron is essential for normal neuronal function, and excess iron in the brain is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of iron in GA-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits remains elusive. Methods We used the primary hippocampal neurons and rodents including young rats and aged mice to examine whether GA impacted iron metabolism and whether the impact contributed to neuronal outcomes. In addition, a pharmacological suppression of iron metabolism was performed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying GA-mediated iron overload in the brain. Results Our results demonstrated that GA, induced by intravenous ketamine or inhalational sevoflurane, disturbed iron homeostasis and caused iron overload in both in vitro hippocampal neuron culture and in vivo hippocampus. Interestingly, ketamine- or sevoflurane-induced cognitive deficits, very likely, resulted from a novel iron-dependent regulated cell death, ferroptosis. Notably, iron chelator deferiprone attenuated the GA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and further cognitive deficits. Moreover, we found that GA-induced iron overload was activated by NMDAR-RASD1 signalling via DMT1 action in the brain. Conclusion We conclude that disturbed iron metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of GA-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits. Our study provides new vision for consideration in GA-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hongting Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuofei Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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28
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Deferoxamine regulates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in rats with diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:575-583. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Upregulation of Peroxiredoxin 3 Protects Afg3l2-KO Cortical Neurons In Vitro from Oxidative Stress: A Paradigm for Neuronal Cell Survival under Neurodegenerative Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4721950. [PMID: 31781336 PMCID: PMC6875171 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4721950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative disorders exhibit selective vulnerability, with subsets of
neurons more affected than others, possibly because of the high expression of an altered
gene or the presence of particular features that make them more susceptible to insults. On
the other hand, resilient neurons may display the ability to develop antioxidant defenses,
particularly in diseases of mitochondrial origin, where oxidative stress might contribute
to the neurodegenerative process. In this work, we investigated the oxidative stress
response of embryonic fibroblasts and cortical neurons obtained from
Afg3l2-KO mice. AFG3L2 encodes a subunit of a protease
complex that is expressed in mitochondria and acts as both quality control and regulatory
enzyme affecting respiration and mitochondrial dynamics. When cells were subjected to an
acute oxidative stress protocol, the survival of AFG3L2-KO MEFs was not significantly
influenced and was comparable to that of WT; however, the basal level of the antioxidant
molecule glutathione was higher. Indeed, glutathione depletion strongly affected the
viability of KO, but not of WT MEF, thereby indicating that oxidative stress is more
elevated in KO MEF even though well controlled by glutathione. On the other hand, when
cortical KO neurons were put in culture, they immediately appeared more vulnerable than WT
to the acute oxidative stress condition, but after few days in vitro, the situation was
reversed with KO neurons being more resistant than WT to acute stress. This compensatory,
protective competence was not due to the upregulation of glutathione, rather of two
mitochondrial antioxidant proteins: superoxide dismutase 2 and, at an even higher level,
peroxiredoxin 3. This body of evidence sheds light on the capability of neurons to
activate neuroprotective pathways and points the attention to peroxiredoxin 3, an
antioxidant enzyme that might be critical for neuronal survival also in other disorders
affecting mitochondria.
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30
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Xu YY, Wan WP, Zhao S, Ma ZG. L-type Calcium Channels are Involved in Iron-induced Neurotoxicity in Primary Cultured Ventral Mesencephalon Neurons of Rats. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:165-173. [PMID: 31482520 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the mediation of iron transport by L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) in primary cultured ventral mesencephalon (VM) neurons from rats. We found that co-treatment with 100 µmol/L FeSO4 and MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) significantly increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, decreased the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and increased the caspase-3 activation compared to MPP+ treatment alone. Co-treatment with 500 µmol/L CaCl2 further aggravated the FeSO4-induced neurotoxicity in MPP+-treated VM neurons. Co-treatment with 10 µmol/L isradipine, an LTCC blocker, alleviated the neurotoxicity induced by co-application of FeSO4 and FeSO4/CaCl2. Further studies indicated that MPP+ treatment accelerated the iron influx into VM neurons. In addition, FeSO4 treatment significantly increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. These effects were blocked by isradipine. These results suggest that elevated extracellular Ca2+ aggravates iron-induced neurotoxicity. LTCCs mediate iron transport in dopaminergic neurons and this, in turn, results in elevated intracellular Ca2+ and further aggravates iron-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wen-Ping Wan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ze-Gang Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Institute of Brain Science and Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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31
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Iron Pathophysiology in Alzheimer’s Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1173:67-104. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9589-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Neely CLC, Lippi SLP, Lanzirotti A, Flinn JM. Localization of Free and Bound Metal Species through X-Ray Synchrotron Fluorescence Microscopy in the Rodent Brain and Their Relation to Behavior. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E74. [PMID: 30925761 PMCID: PMC6523809 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biometals in the brain, such as zinc, copper, and iron, are often discussed in cases of neurological disorders; however, these metals also have important regulatory functions and mediate cell signaling and plasticity. With the use of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence, our lab localized total, both bound and free, levels of zinc, copper, and iron in a cross section of one hemisphere of a rat brain, which also showed differing metal distributions in different regions within the hippocampus, the site in the brain known to be crucial for certain types of memory. This review discusses the several roles of these metals in brain regions with an emphasis on hippocampal cell signaling, based on spatial mapping obtained from X-ray fluorescence microscopy. We also discuss the localization of these metals and emphasize different cell types and receptors in regions with metal accumulation, as well as the potential relationship between this physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L C Neely
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Stephen L P Lippi
- Department of Psychology & Sociology, Angelo State University, 2601 W. Avenue N, ASU Station #10907, San Angelo, TX 76909, USA.
| | - Antonio Lanzirotti
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Jane M Flinn
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
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Abstract
Most cells in the body acquire iron via receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin, the circulating iron transport protein. When cellular iron levels are sufficient, the uptake of transferrin decreases to limit further iron assimilation and prevent excessive iron accumulation. In iron overload conditions, such as hereditary hemochromatosis and thalassemia major, unregulated iron entry into the plasma overwhelms the carrying capacity of transferrin, resulting in non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), a redox-active, potentially toxic form of iron. Plasma NTBI is rapidly cleared from the circulation primarily by the liver and other organs (e.g., pancreas, heart, and pituitary) where it contributes significantly to tissue iron overload and related pathology. While NTBI is usually not detectable in the plasma of healthy individuals, it does appear to be a normal constituent of brain interstitial fluid and therefore likely serves as an important source of iron for most cell types in the CNS. A growing body of literature indicates that NTBI uptake is mediated by non-transferrin-bound iron transporters such as ZIP14, L-type and T-type calcium channels, DMT1, ZIP8, and TRPC6. This review provides an overview of NTBI uptake by various tissues and cells and summarizes the evidence for and against the roles of individual transporters in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Knutson
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Chen P, Totten M, Zhang Z, Bucinca H, Erikson K, Santamaría A, Bowma AB, Aschner M. Iron and manganese-related CNS toxicity: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:243-260. [PMID: 30759034 PMCID: PMC6422746 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1581608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are essential nutrients for humans. They act as cofactors for a variety of enzymes. In the central nervous system (CNS), these two metals are involved in diverse neurological activities. Dyshomeostasis may interfere with the critical enzymatic activities, hence altering the neurophysiological status and resulting in neurological diseases. Areas covered: In this review, the authors cover the molecular mechanisms of Fe/Mn-induced toxicity and neurological diseases, as well as the diagnosis and potential treatment. Given that both Fe and Mn are abundant in the earth crust, nutritional deficiency is rare. In this review the authors focus on the neurological disorders associated with Mn and Fe overload. Expert commentary: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the primary molecular mechanism that mediates Fe/Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Although increased Fe or Mn concentrations have been found in brain of patients, it remains controversial whether the elevated metal amounts are the primary cause or secondary consequence of neurological diseases. Currently, treatments are far from satisfactory, although chelation therapy can significantly decrease brain Fe and Mn levels. Studies to determine the primary cause and establish the molecular mechanism of toxicity may help to adapt more comprehensive and satisfactory treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Totten
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hana Bucinca
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keith Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratory of Excitatory Amino Acids, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aaron B. Bowma
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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DeGregorio-Rocasolano N, Martí-Sistac O, Gasull T. Deciphering the Iron Side of Stroke: Neurodegeneration at the Crossroads Between Iron Dyshomeostasis, Excitotoxicity, and Ferroptosis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:85. [PMID: 30837827 PMCID: PMC6389709 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, iron represents a double-edged sword in metabolism in most tissues, especially in the brain. Although the high metabolic demands of brain cells require iron as a redox-active metal for ATP-producing enzymes, the brain is highly vulnerable to the devastating consequences of excessive iron-induced oxidative stress and, as recently found, to ferroptosis as well. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from fluctuations in systemic iron. Under pathological conditions, especially in acute brain pathologies such as stroke, the BBB is disrupted, and iron pools from the blood gain sudden access to the brain parenchyma, which is crucial in mediating stroke-induced neurodegeneration. Each brain cell type reacts with changes in their expression of proteins involved in iron uptake, efflux, storage, and mobilization to preserve its internal iron homeostasis, with specific organelles such as mitochondria showing specialized responses. However, during ischemia, neurons are challenged with excess extracellular glutamate in the presence of high levels of extracellular iron; this causes glutamate receptor overactivation that boosts neuronal iron uptake and a subsequent overproduction of membrane peroxides. This glutamate-driven neuronal death can be attenuated by iron-chelating compounds or free radical scavenger molecules. Moreover, vascular wall rupture in hemorrhagic stroke results in the accumulation and lysis of iron-rich red blood cells at the brain parenchyma and the subsequent presence of hemoglobin and heme iron at the extracellular milieu, thereby contributing to iron-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death. This review summarizes recent progresses made in understanding the ferroptosis component underlying both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria DeGregorio-Rocasolano
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Octavi Martí-Sistac
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Teresa Gasull
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
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Núñez MT, Hidalgo C. Noxious Iron-Calcium Connections in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:48. [PMID: 30809110 PMCID: PMC6379295 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron and calcium share the common feature of being essential for normal neuronal function. Iron is required for mitochondrial function, synaptic plasticity, and the development of cognitive functions whereas cellular calcium signals mediate neurotransmitter exocytosis, axonal growth and synaptic plasticity, and control the expression of genes involved in learning and memory processes. Recent studies have revealed that cellular iron stimulates calcium signaling, leading to downstream activation of kinase cascades engaged in synaptic plasticity. The relationship between calcium and iron is Janus-faced, however. While under physiological conditions iron-mediated reactive oxygen species generation boosts normal calcium-dependent signaling pathways, excessive iron levels promote oxidative stress leading to the upsurge of unrestrained calcium signals that damage mitochondrial function, among other downstream targets. Similarly, increases in mitochondrial calcium to non-physiological levels result in mitochondrial dysfunction and a predicted loss of iron homeostasis. Hence, if uncontrolled, the iron/calcium self-feeding cycle becomes deleterious to neuronal function, leading eventually to neuronal death. Here, we review the multiple cell-damaging responses generated by the unregulated iron/calcium self-feeding cycle, such as excitotoxicity, free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, and the oxidative modification of crucial components of iron and calcium homeostasis/signaling: the iron transporter DMT1, plasma membrane, and intracellular calcium channels and pumps. We discuss also how iron-induced dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium contributes to the generation of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tulio Núñez
- Iron and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, CEMC, Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
The key molecular events that provoke Parkinson's disease (PD) are not fully understood. Iron deposit was found in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of PD patients and animal models, where dopaminergic neurons degeneration occurred selectively. The mechanisms involved in disturbed iron metabolism remain unknown, however, considerable evidence indicates that iron transporters dysregulation, activation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCC) and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, as well as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) contribute to this process. There is emerging evidence on the structural links and functional modulations between iron and α-synuclein, and the key player in PD which aggregates in Lewy bodies. Iron is believed to modulate α-synuclein synthesis, post-translational modification, and aggregation. Furthermore, glia, especially activated astroglia and microglia, are involved in iron deposit in PD. Glial contributions were largely dependent on the factors they released, e.g., neurotrophic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, lactoferrin, and those undetermined. Therefore, iron chelation using iron chelators, the extracts from many natural foods with iron chelating properties, may be an effective therapy for prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Niwa M, Hirayama T, Oomoto I, Wang DO, Nagasawa H. Fe(II) Ion Release during Endocytotic Uptake of Iron Visualized by a Membrane-Anchoring Fe(II) Fluorescent Probe. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1853-1861. [PMID: 29297678 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential transition metal species for all living organisms and plays various physiologically important roles on the basis of its redox activity; accordingly, the disruption of iron homeostasis triggers oxidative stress and cellular damage. Therefore, cells have developed sophisticated iron-uptake machinery to acquire iron while protecting cells from uncontrolled oxidative damage during the uptake process. To examine the detailed mechanism of iron uptake while controlling the redox status, it is necessary to develop useful methods with redox state selectivity, sensitivity, and organelle specificity to monitor labile iron, which is weakly bound to subcellular ligands. Here, we report the development of Mem-RhoNox to monitor local Fe(II) at the surface of the plasma membrane of living cells. The redox state-selective fluorescence response of the probe relies on our recently developed N-oxide strategy, which is applicable to fluorophores with dialkylarylamine in their π-conjugation systems. Mem-RhoNox consists of the N-oxygenated rhodamine scaffold, which has two arms, both of which are tethered with palmitoyl groups as membrane-anchoring domains. In an aqueous buffer, Ac-RhoNox, a model compound of Mem-RhoNox, shows a fluorescence turn-on response to the Fe(II) redox state-selectively. An imaging study with Mem-RhoNox and its derivatives reveals that labile Fe(II) is transiently generated during the major iron-uptake pathways: endocytotic uptake and direct transport. Furthermore, Mem-RhoNox is capable of monitoring endosomal Fe(II) in primary cultured neurons during endocytotic uptake. This report is the first example that identifies the generation of Fe(II) over the course of cellular iron-uptake processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Niwa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Ikumi Oomoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- The Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research (K-CONNEX) Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Vannocci T, Notario Manzano R, Beccalli O, Bettegazzi B, Grohovaz F, Cinque G, de Riso A, Quaroni L, Codazzi F, Pastore A. Adding a temporal dimension to the study of Friedreich's ataxia: the effect of frataxin overexpression in a human cell model. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm032706. [PMID: 29794127 PMCID: PMC6031361 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disease Friedreich's ataxia is caused by lower than normal levels of frataxin, an important protein involved in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis. An important step in designing strategies to treat this disease is to understand whether increasing the frataxin levels by gene therapy would simply be beneficial or detrimental, because previous studies, mostly based on animal models, have reported conflicting results. Here, we have exploited an inducible model, which we developed using the CRISPR/Cas9 methodology, to study the effects of frataxin overexpression in human cells and monitor how the system recovers after overexpression. Using new tools, which range from high-throughput microscopy to in cell infrared, we prove that overexpression of the frataxin gene affects the cellular metabolism. It also leads to a significant increase of oxidative stress and labile iron pool levels. These cellular alterations are similar to those observed when the gene is partly silenced, as occurs in Friedreich's ataxia patients. Our data suggest that the levels of frataxin must be tightly regulated and fine-tuned, with any imbalance leading to oxidative stress and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Vannocci
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Roberto Notario Manzano
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Ombretta Beccalli
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bettegazzi
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Grohovaz
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Luca Quaroni
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, PL-30387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Franca Codazzi
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, UK
- Molecular Medicine Department, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Chiang GC, Hu J, Morris E, Wang Y, Gauthier SA. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Thalamus: Relationships with Thalamic Volume, Total Gray Matter Volume, and T2 Lesion Burden. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:467-472. [PMID: 29371258 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Both thalamic iron deposition and atrophy have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with healthy controls, but how they are related is unclear. The purpose of this study was to understand the pathophysiologic basis for this iron deposition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-five patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis underwent 3T MR imaging with a standardized protocol that included quantitative susceptibility mapping to measure iron concentration and a 3D T1 echo-spoiled gradient-echo sequence to obtain thalamic volumes. Volumes of interest were manually delineated on the quantitative susceptibility map to encompass both thalami. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify the association between thalamic susceptibility and volume. Associations between thalamic susceptibility and total gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and T2 lesion volume were also assessed. RESULTS The relative susceptibility of the thalamus was associated with T2 lesion volume (P = .015) and was higher in the presence of enhancing lesions (P = .013). The relative susceptibility of the thalami was not associated with thalamic volumes, total gray matter volumes, or cortical thickness (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Iron levels in the thalami are associated with T2 lesion burden and the presence of enhancing lesions, but not with thalamic or gray matter volumes, suggesting that iron accumulation is associated with white matter inflammation rather than gray matter neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Chiang
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.C.C., J.H., Y.W.)
| | - J Hu
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.C.C., J.H., Y.W.)
| | - E Morris
- Neurology (E.M., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Y Wang
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.C.C., J.H., Y.W.)
| | - S A Gauthier
- Neurology (E.M., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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Why should neuroscientists worry about iron? The emerging role of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive diseases. Behav Brain Res 2017; 341:154-175. [PMID: 29289598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a unique form of programmed death, characterised by cytosolic accumulation of iron, lipid hydroperoxides and their metabolites, and effected by the fatal peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane. It is a major driver of cell death in neurodegenerative neurological diseases. Moreover, cascades underpinning ferroptosis could be active drivers of neuropathology in major psychiatric disorders. Oxidative and nitrosative stress can adversely affect mechanisms and proteins governing cellular iron homeostasis, such as the iron regulatory protein/iron response element system, and can ultimately be a source of abnormally high levels of iron and a source of lethal levels of lipid membrane peroxidation. Furthermore, neuroinflammation leads to the upregulation of divalent metal transporter1 on the surface of astrocytes, microglia and neurones, making them highly sensitive to iron overload in the presence of high levels of non-transferrin-bound iron, thereby affording such levels a dominant role in respect of the induction of iron-mediated neuropathology. Mechanisms governing systemic and cellular iron homeostasis, and the related roles of ferritin and mitochondria are detailed, as are mechanisms explaining the negative regulation of ferroptosis by glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 4, the cysteine/glutamate antiporter system, heat shock protein 27 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. The potential role of DJ-1 inactivation in the precipitation of ferroptosis and the assessment of lipid peroxidation are described. Finally, a rational approach to therapy is considered, with a discussion on the roles of coenzyme Q10, iron chelation therapy, in the form of deferiprone, deferoxamine (desferrioxamine) and deferasirox, and N-acetylcysteine.
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Healy S, McMahon JM, FitzGerald U. Modelling iron mismanagement in neurodegenerative disease in vitro: paradigms, pitfalls, possibilities & practical considerations. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 158:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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eIF4B phosphorylation at Ser504 links synaptic activity with protein translation in physiology and pathology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10563. [PMID: 28874824 PMCID: PMC5585320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal physiology requires activity-driven protein translation, a process in which translation initiation factors are key players. We focus on eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B), a regulator of protein translation, whose function in neurons is undetermined. We show that neuronal activity affects eIF4B phosphorylation and identify Ser504 as a phosphorylation site regulated by casein kinases and sensitive to the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Ser504 phosphorylation increases eIF4B recruitment to the pre-initiation complex and influences eIF4B localization at synapses. Moreover, Ser504 phosphorylation modulates the translation of protein kinase Mζ. Therefore, by sensing synaptic activity, eIF4B could adjust translation to neuronal needs, promoting adaptive changes in synaptic plasticity. We also show that Ser504 phosphorylation is increased in vivo in a rat model of epilepsy during epileptogenesis i.e. when translation drives maladaptive synaptic changes. We propose eIF4B as a mediator between neuronal activity and translation, with relevance in the control of synaptic plasticity.
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Wang P, Wang ZY. Metal ions influx is a double edged sword for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:265-290. [PMID: 27829171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia in aged people, which is defined by two pathological characteristics: β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the mechanisms of AD development are still being debated, a series of evidence supports the idea that metals, such as copper, iron, zinc, magnesium and aluminium, are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, the processes of Aβ deposition in senile plaques (SP) and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are markedly influenced by alterations in the homeostasis of the aforementioned metal ions. Moreover, the mechanisms of oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy and apoptosis mediate the effects of metal ions-induced the aggregation state of Aβ and phosphorylated tau on AD development. More importantly, imbalance of these mechanisms finally caused cognitive decline in different experiment models. Collectively, reconstructing the signaling network that regulates AD progression by metal ions may provide novel insights for developing chelators specific for metal ions to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
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Xu H, Jiang H, Xie J. New Insights into the Crosstalk between NMDARs and Iron: Implications for Understanding Pathology of Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:71. [PMID: 28360837 PMCID: PMC5352910 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both iron dyshomeostasis and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs)-mediated neurotoxicity have been shown to have an important role in neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Evidence proved that activation of NMDARs could promote iron overload and iron-induced neurotoxicity by enhancing iron importer divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)-mediated iron uptake and iron releasing from lysosome. Also, iron overload could regulate NMDARs-mediated synaptic transmission. This indicates that there might be a possible relationship between iron and activation of NMDARs in neurological diseases. Understanding this interaction between iron and activation of NMDARs may provide new therapeutic avenues for a more targeted neurotherapeutic strategy for these diseases. Therefore, in this review article, we will describe the dysfunction of iron metabolism and NMDARs in neurological diseases including PD and AD, and summarize the new insight into the mechanisms underlying the interaction between iron and activation of NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
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Wan W, Jin L, Wang Z, Wang L, Fei G, Ye F, Pan X, Wang C, Zhong C. Iron Deposition Leads to Neuronal α-Synuclein Pathology by Inducing Autophagy Dysfunction. Front Neurol 2017; 8:1. [PMID: 28138322 PMCID: PMC5237641 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has indicated that iron deposition in the substantia nigra plays an important role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Using primary dopaminergic neurons and SH-SY5Y cells cultured in vitro, we observed that iron loading increased α-synuclein and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in these cells but did not affect the intracellular α-synuclein mRNA levels. Furthermore, iron loading significantly downregulated Beclin-1 levels and decreased the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 isoforms (LC3 II/LC3 I). However, a significant change in the levels of autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) was not observed in either neurons or SH-SY5Y cells after iron treatment. After treatment with rapamycin, the iron loading-induced increase in the α-synuclein level was significantly reversed and ROS generation was alleviated in both cultured neurons and SH-SY5Y cells. These results indicate that the inhibition of autophagy is critical for the pathological alterations in α-synuclein induced by iron loading. Moreover, treatment with vitamin E did not affect the increase in the α-synuclein levels but significantly eliminated the iron-induced ROS production. Together, our study shows that autophagy dysfunction contributes to iron-induced α-synuclein pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lirong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zigao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology, Jingshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Experimental Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Guoqiang Fei
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Fanlong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Changpeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Su CK, Chen YT, Sun YC. Using on-line solid phase extraction for in vivo speciation of diffusible ferrous and ferric iron in living rat brain extracellular fluid. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 953:87-94. [PMID: 28010747 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of brain extracellular non-protein-bound/diffusible iron species remains a critically important issue in investigations of free radical biology and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, a facile sample pretreatment scheme, involving poly(vinyl chloride)-metal ion interactions as a selective extraction procedure, was optimized in conjunction with microdialysis (MD) sampling and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in cool-plasma mode for in vivo online monitoring of rat brain extracellular Fe(II) and Fe(III) species. Optimization of the system provided detection limits in the range 0.9-6.9 μg Fe L-1, based on a 12-μL microdialysate, for the tested iron species; relative standard deviations of the signal intensities during 7.8 h of continuous measurement were less than 9.4%-sufficient to determine the basal concentrations of rat brain extracellular Fe(II) and Fe(III) species and to describe their dynamic actions. The method's applicability was verified through (i) spike analyses of offline-collected rat brain microdialysates, (ii) determination of the basal Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations of living rat brain extracellular fluids, and (iii) monitoring of the dynamic changes in the Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations in response to perfusion of a high-K+ medium. This proposed sample pretreatment scheme, based on polymer-metal ion interactions and hyphenation to an MD sampling device and an ICP-MS system, appears to have great practicality for the online monitoring of rat brain extracellular diffusible iron species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Codazzi F, Hu A, Rai M, Donatello S, Salerno Scarzella F, Mangiameli E, Pelizzoni I, Grohovaz F, Pandolfo M. Friedreich ataxia-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons show a cellular phenotype that is corrected by a benzamide HDAC inhibitor. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4847-4855. [PMID: 28175303 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons obtained from Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) patients and healthy subjects, FRDA neurons and CT neurons, respectively, to unveil phenotypic alterations related to frataxin (FXN) deficiency and investigate if they can be reversed by treatments that upregulate FXN. FRDA and control iPSCs were equally capable of differentiating into a neuronal or astrocytic phenotype. FRDA neurons showed lower levels of iron–sulfur (Fe–S) and lipoic acid-containing proteins, higher labile iron pool (LIP), higher expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and enhanced sensitivity to oxidants compared with CT neurons, indicating deficient Fe–S cluster biogenesis, altered iron metabolism, and oxidative stress. Treatment with the benzamide HDAC inhibitor 109 significantly upregulated FXN expression and increased Fe–S and lipoic acid-containing protein levels, downregulated SOD2 levels, normalized LIP and ROS levels, and almost fully protected FRDA neurons from oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Our findings suggest that correction of FXN deficiency may not only stop disease progression, but also lead to clinical improvement by rescuing still surviving, but dysfunctional neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Codazzi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Amelié Hu
- Laboratoire de Neurologie Expérimentale, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myriam Rai
- Laboratoire de Neurologie Expérimentale, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simona Donatello
- Laboratoire de Neurologie Expérimentale, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Grohovaz
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Laboratoire de Neurologie Expérimentale, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Tian Q, Wu S, Dai Z, Yang J, Zheng J, Zheng Q, Liu Y. Iron overload induced death of osteoblasts in vitro: involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2611. [PMID: 27843711 PMCID: PMC5103817 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron overload is recognized as a new pathogenfor osteoporosis. Various studies demonstrated that iron overload could induce apoptosis in osteoblasts and osteoporosis in vivo. However, the exact molecular mechanisms involved in the iron overload-mediated induction of apoptosis in osteoblasts has not been explored. PURPOSE In this study, we attempted to determine whether the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is involved in iron-induced osteoblastic cell death and to investigate the beneficial effect of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in iron-induced cytotoxicity. METHODS The MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell line was treated with various concentrations of ferric ion in the absence or presence of NAC, and intracellular iron, cell viability, reactive oxygen species, functionand morphology changes of mitochondria and mitochondrial apoptosis related key indicators were detected by commercial kits. In addition, to further explain potential mechanisms underlying iron overload-related osteoporosis, we also assessed cell viability, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation potential in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stemcells(MSCs) by commercial kits. RESULTS Ferric ion demonstrated concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on osteoblasts. After incubation with iron, an elevation of intracelluar labile iron levels and a concomitant over-generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry in osteoblasts. Nox4 (NADPH oxidase 4), an important ROS producer, was also evaluated by western blot. Apoptosis, which was evaluated by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, Hoechst 33258 staining, and the activation of caspase-3, was detected after exposure to iron. Iron contributed to the permeabilizatio of mitochondria, leading to the release of cytochrome C (cyto C), which, in turn, induced mitochondrial apoptosis in osteoblasts via activation of Caspase-3, up-regulation of Bax, and down-regulation of Bcl-2. NAC could reverse iron-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and blocked the apoptotic events through inhibit the generation of ROS. In addition, iron could significantly promote apoptosis and suppress osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in bone marrow-derived MSCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings firstly demonstrate that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway involved in iron-induced osteoblast apoptosis. NAC could relieved the oxidative stress and shielded osteoblasts from apoptosis casused by iron-overload. We also reveal that iron overload in bone marrow-derived MSCs results in increased apoptosis and the impairment of osteogenesis and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shilei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhipeng Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Child Health, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qixin Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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50
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Tao LX, Huang XT, Chen YT, Tang XC, Zhang HY. Acetylcholinesterase-independent protective effects of huperzine A against iron overload-induced oxidative damage and aberrant iron metabolism signaling in rat cortical neurons. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1391-1400. [PMID: 27498774 PMCID: PMC5099413 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Iron dyshomeostasis is one of the primary causes of neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Huperzine A (HupA), a natural inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is a licensed anti-AD drug in China and a nutraceutical in the United Sates. Here, we investigated the protective effects of HupA against iron overload-induced injury in neurons. METHODS Rat cortical neurons were treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), and cell viability was assessed with MTT assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assays were performed to assess mitochondrial function. The labile iron pool (LIP) level, cytosolic-aconitase (c-aconitase) activity and iron uptake protein expression were measured to determine iron metabolism changes. The modified Ellman's method was used to evaluate AChE activity. RESULTS HupA significantly attenuated the iron overload-induced decrease in neuronal cell viability. This neuroprotective effect of HupA occurred concurrently with a decrease in ROS and an increase in ATP. Moreover, HupA treatment significantly blocked the upregulation of the LIP level and other aberrant iron metabolism changes induced by iron overload. Additionally, another specific AChE inhibitor, donepezil (Don), at a concentration that caused AChE inhibition equivalent to that of HupA negatively, influenced the aberrant changes in ROS, ATP or LIP that were induced by excessive iron. CONCLUSION We provide the first demonstration of the protective effects of HupA against iron overload-induced neuronal damage. This beneficial role of HupA may be attributed to its attenuation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and elevation of LIP, and these effects are not associated with its AChE-inhibiting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-xue Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-tian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi-can Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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