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Immunomodulatory Effects of Macrolides Considering Evidence from Human and Veterinary Medicine. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122438. [PMID: 36557690 PMCID: PMC9784682 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolide antimicrobial agents have been in clinical use for more than 60 years in both human and veterinary medicine. The discovery of the non-antimicrobial properties of macrolides and the effect of immunomodulation of the inflammatory response has benefited patients with chronic airway diseases and impacted morbidity and mortality. This review examines the evidence of antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial properties of macrolides in human and veterinary medicine with a focus toward veterinary macrolides but including important and relevant evidence from the human literature. The complete story for these complex and important molecules is continuing to be written.
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2
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1218-1227. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gierlikowska B, Gierlikowski W, Demkow U. Alantolactone Enhances the Phagocytic Properties of Human Macrophages and Modulates Their Proinflammatory Functions. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1339. [PMID: 33013371 PMCID: PMC7494907 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Study Phagocytosis is a crucial element of innate immune defense involved in bacterial killing. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of alantolactone on phagocytosis and cytokines release by THP1-derived macrophages. We assessed whether antimicrobial compound alantolactone (a sesquiterpene lactone present in Inula helenium L.) is able to stimulate immune functions of macrophages by increase of S. aureus uptake, phagosome acidification and further stimulation of phago-lysosomes formation. Simultaneously, we tested influence of alantolactone on cytokines/chemokines production and p65 NF-κB concentration. The activity of alantolactone was compared with clarithromycin at concentration 20 µM. Methods The cytotoxicity of alantolactone as well as S. aureus uptake, pH of phagosomes and phago-lysosomes fusion were analysed with flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species and superoxide production were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The efficiency of phagocytosis was evaluated via quantifying viable bacteria (CFU). The effect on p65 protein concentration and cytokine production by macrophages were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Alantolactone enhanced phagocytosis via increase of S. aureus uptake, acidification of phagosomes, and later stimulation of phago-lysosomes fusion. Alantolactone treatment resulted in ROS and superoxide production decrease. Furthermore, alantolactone inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 as well as decreased p65 concentration, the subunit responsible for NF-κB activation and cytokine production and simultaneously stimulated release of anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10 and TGF-β). Conclusion Results of our study indicate that alantolactone enhances clearance of S. aureus, and simultaneously modulates immune response, preventing collateral damage of the surrounding tissues. Considering the importance of phagocytosis in the pathogen killing, alantolactone may have a great potential as the supportive treatment of S. aureus infections. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gierlikowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gierlikowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Gierlikowska B, Gierlikowski W, Bekier K, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Czerwińska ME, Kiss AK. Inula helenium and Grindelia squarrosa as a source of compounds with anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils and cultured human respiratory epithelium. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112311. [PMID: 31644941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE During the epidemic season, over 90% of acute wheezing disease is associated with bronchial inflammation. Both neutrophil- and eosinophil-mediated inflammation have been involved in the pathophysiology of acute bronchitis, but neutrophil cell recruitment has been shown to be dominant. The ongoing inflammation increases the chemotaxis of neutrophils to inflamed site providing to their overaccumulation. The pharmacological reduction of neutrophil migration can be limited by suppression of major chemo-attractants and cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α) release and downregulation of adhesive molecules. AIM OF THE STUDY During a screening of plants traditionally used in respiratory tracts diseases (e.g. cough, rhinitis, bronchitis, throat infection, fever, influenza) in Europe, we have selected roots of Inula helenium and aerial parts of Grindelia squarrosa as a potential source of compounds limiting neutrophil migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect on IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α release by neutrophils and respiratory epithelium cell line (A549) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The surface expression of adhesive molecules was analyzed with flow cytometry, and the neutrophil attachment to the epithelial cells was assessed fluorimetrically. RESULTS We confirmed the ability of selected extracts and compounds to suppress neutrophil binding to the epithelium surface via downregulation of β2 integrin. Alantolactone and grindelic acid have shown significant suppression of IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β release comparable with budesonide, used as a positive control. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that Inula helenium and Grindelia squarrosa, which have been traditionally used in Europe as medicinal plants, are a valuable source of active compounds with anti-inflammatory activity. Our observations justify the traditional use of I. helenium and G. squarrosa for a treatment of inflammation-based diseases in respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gierlikowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Gierlikowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bekier
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika E Czerwińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Davidson RJ. In vitro activity and pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic parameters of clarithromycin and azithromycin: why they matter in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:585-596. [PMID: 30881064 PMCID: PMC6413744 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s187226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clarithromycin and azithromycin are second-generation macrolides established and widely used for treating a range of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Extensive clinical trials data indicate that these drugs are highly effective in these applications and broadly comparable in their clinical and microbiological effectiveness. However, consideration of pharmacokinetic, metabolic, and tissue-penetration data, including the significant antibacterial activity of the metabolite 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, plus the findings of pharmacodynamic modeling, provide evidence that the long half-life and lower potency of azithromycin predispose this agent to select for resistant isolates. Comparison of the “mutant-prevention concentrations” of clarithromycin and azithromycin, and examination of large-scale epidemiological data from Canada, also support the view that these drugs differ materially in their propensity to promote resistance among bacterial strains implicated in common respiratory infections, and that clarithromycin may offer important advantages over azithromycin that should be considered when choosing a macrolide to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, NS, Canada, .,Department of Medicine, .,Department of Pathology, .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,
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6
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Michalak B, Piwowarski JP, Granica S, Waltenberger B, Atanasov AG, Khan SY, Breuss JM, Uhrin P, Żyżyńska-Granica B, Stojakowska A, Stuppner H, Kiss AK. Eupatoriopicrin Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Functions of Neutrophils via Suppression of IL-8 and TNF-alpha Production and p38 and ERK 1/2 MAP Kinases. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:375-385. [PMID: 30653318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During chronic inflammation, neutrophils acting locally as effector cells not only activate antibacterial defense but also promote the inflammatory response. Interleukin 8 (IL-8), the main cytokine produced by activated neutrophils, positively correlates with the severity of respiratory tract diseases. By screening European plants traditionally used for treating respiratory tract diseases, we found that extracts of aerial parts of Eupatorium cannabinum inhibit IL-8 release from neutrophils. Using bioassay-guided fractionation, we identified five sesquiterpene lactones, eupatoriopicrin (1), 5'-deoxyeupatoriopicrin (2), hiyodorilactone A (3), 3-hydroxy-5'- O-acetyleupatoriopicrin = hiyodorilactone D (4), and hiyodorilactone B (5), that efficiently (IC50 < 1 μM) inhibited IL-8 and TNF-α release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils. Moreover, all these sesquiterpene lactones suppressed the adhesion of human neutrophils to an endothelial monolayer by downregulating the expression of the β2 integrin CD11b/CD18 on the neutrophil surface. Furthermore, eupatoriopicrin efficiently suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK and attenuated neutrophil infiltration in the thioglycolate-induced peritonitis model in mice. Altogether, these results demonstrate the potential of the sesquiterpene lactone eupatoriopicrin as a lead substance for targeting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Michalak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-097 , Poland
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-097 , Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-097 , Poland
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI) , University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Science , Jastrzębiec 05-552 , Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy , University of Vienna , Vienna 1010 , Austria
| | - Shafaat Y Khan
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna 1090 , Austria
- Department of Zoology , University of Sargodha , Sargodha 40010 , Pakistan
| | - Johannes M Breuss
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna 1090 , Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna 1090 , Austria
| | - Barbara Żyżyńska-Granica
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-097 , Poland
| | - Anna Stojakowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Phytochemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków 30-024 , Poland
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI) , University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria
| | - Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-097 , Poland
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7
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Huang Z, Zhou B. Clarithromycin for the treatment of adult chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 9:545-555. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing 100730 China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing 100730 China
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8
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Woźniak M, Michalak B, Wyszomierska J, Dudek MK, Kiss AK. Effects of Phytochemically Characterized Extracts From Syringa vulgaris and Isolated Secoiridoids on Mediators of Inflammation in a Human Neutrophil Model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:349. [PMID: 29695965 PMCID: PMC5904404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of phytochemically characterized extracts connected with the traditional use (infusions and ethanolic extracts) of different parts of Syringa vulgaris (common lilac) on the pro-inflammatory functions of neutrophils. Active compounds were isolated from the most promising extract(s) using bioassay-guided fractionation, and their activity and molecular mechanisms of action were determined. Methods: The extracts were characterized using a HPLC-DAD- MSn method. The effects on ROS, MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1 production by neutrophils were measured using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The effects on p38MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK phosphorylation, and NF-kB p65 translocation were determined using western blots. Results: The major compounds detected in the extracts and infusions belong to structural groups, including caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and iridoids. All extracts and infusions were able to significantly reduce ROS and IL-8 production. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of the following secoiridoids: 2″-epiframeroside, oleonuezhenide, oleuropein, ligstroside, neooleuropein, hydroxyframoside, and framoside. Neooleuropein appeared to be the most active compound in the inhibition of cytokine production by attenuating the MAP kinase pathways. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that common lilac, which is a traditionally used medicinal plant in Europe, is a valuable source of active compounds, especially neooleuropein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Michalak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wyszomierska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta K Dudek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Zimmermann P, Ziesenitz VC, Curtis N, Ritz N. The Immunomodulatory Effects of Macrolides-A Systematic Review of the Underlying Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:302. [PMID: 29593707 PMCID: PMC5859047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying the non-antimicrobial immunomodulatory properties of macrolides are not well understood. Objectives To systematically review the evidence for the immunomodulatory properties of macrolides in humans and to describe the underlying mechanism and extent of their influence on the innate and adaptive immune system. Methods A systematic literature search was done in MEDLINE using the OVID interface from 1946 to December 2016 according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Original articles investigating the influence of four macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and roxithromycin) on immunological markers in humans were included. Results We identified 22 randomized, controlled trials, 16 prospective cohort studies, and 8 case–control studies investigating 47 different immunological markers (186 measurements) in 1,834 participants. The most frequently reported outcomes were a decrease in the number of neutrophils, and the concentrations of neutrophil elastase, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, eosinophilic cationic protein, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Inhibition of neutrophil function was reported more frequently than eosinophil function. A decrease in T helper (Th) 2 cells cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6) was reported more frequently than a decrease in Th1 cytokines (IL-2, INF-gamma). Conclusion Macrolides influence a broad range of immunological mechanisms resulting in immunomodulatory effects. To optimize the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases by macrolides, further studies are necessary, particularly comparing different macrolides and dose effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zimmermann
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria C Ziesenitz
- Paediatric Pharmacology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole Ritz
- Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Paediatric Pharmacology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Deng J, Chen F, Lai Y, Luo Q, Xu R, Ou C, Fu Q, Shi J. Lack of additional effects of long-term, low-dose clarithromycin combined treatment compared with topical steroids alone for chronic rhinosinusitis in China: a randomized, controlled trial. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2017; 8:8-14. [PMID: 29195025 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Fenghong Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - YinYan Lai
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qing Luo
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Rui Xu
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Chunquan Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qingling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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11
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Sireci F, Speciale R, Gallina S, Sorrentino R, Canevari FR. Clarithromycin in the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Preliminary Results of a Possible Its New Use. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 70:87-91. [PMID: 29456949 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-017-1153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prolonged therapy with low-dose clarithromycin in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwP) after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). A total of 10 patients with CRSwP were identified and subjected to bilateral ESS. In post-operative patients they were treated with nasal wash with saline solution and steroid sprays (beclomethasone). During follow-up, after 30-40 days after the operation (M = 35.4 SD = +4.33), patients reported a worsening of symptoms with onset of nasal obstruction; reduction/loss of smell; headache; onset of viscous secretions and therefore all patients continued therapy with saline nasal irrigation, topical steroid therapy and started macrolide (clarithromycin 500 mg/pill: 1 pill/day for 3 days a week for 1 month). 22-item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and a score to the endoscopic evaluation (endoscopic appearance score, EAS) before and after treatment were performed to evaluate efficacy of treatment. The results of the SNOT-22 and EAS showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) for some parameters such as: the need to blow nose, sneezing, hyposmia, viscous mucous secretions about the SNOT-22 and reduction of secretions and edema of the nasal mucosa about the EAS. The preliminary results of our study show that the low-dose clarithromycin for a period of 1 month can improve patient complaints with CRSwP not only through the antibacterial properties but also for the immunomodulatory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sireci
- 1Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, (BioNeC), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - R Speciale
- 1Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, (BioNeC), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - S Gallina
- 1Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, (BioNeC), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - R Sorrentino
- Otorinolaryngology Section, SS Antonio Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - F R Canevari
- Otorinolaryngology Section, SS Antonio Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
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12
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Orlandi RR, Kingdom TT, Hwang PH, Smith TL, Alt JA, Baroody FM, Batra PS, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Bhattacharyya N, Chandra RK, Chiu A, Citardi MJ, Cohen NA, DelGaudio J, Desrosiers M, Dhong HJ, Douglas R, Ferguson B, Fokkens WJ, Georgalas C, Goldberg A, Gosepath J, Hamilos DL, Han JK, Harvey R, Hellings P, Hopkins C, Jankowski R, Javer AR, Kern R, Kountakis S, Kowalski ML, Lane A, Lanza DC, Lebowitz R, Lee HM, Lin SY, Lund V, Luong A, Mann W, Marple BF, McMains KC, Metson R, Naclerio R, Nayak JV, Otori N, Palmer JN, Parikh SR, Passali D, Peters A, Piccirillo J, Poetker DM, Psaltis AJ, Ramadan HH, Ramakrishnan VR, Riechelmann H, Roh HJ, Rudmik L, Sacks R, Schlosser RJ, Senior BA, Sindwani R, Stankiewicz JA, Stewart M, Tan BK, Toskala E, Voegels R, Wang DY, Weitzel EK, Wise S, Woodworth BA, Wormald PJ, Wright ED, Zhou B, Kennedy DW. International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 6 Suppl 1:S22-209. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.21695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valerie Lund
- Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital; London UK
| | - Amber Luong
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston
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13
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Zeng M, Li ZY, Ma J, Cao PP, Wang H, Cui YH, Liu Z. Clarithromycin and dexamethasone show similar anti-inflammatory effects on distinct phenotypic chronic rhinosinusitis: an explant model study. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:37. [PMID: 26047816 PMCID: PMC4456709 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may be an important determining factor of the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments. Although both glucocorticoids and macrolide antibiotics have been recommended for the treatment of CRS, whether they have different anti-inflammatory functions for distinct phenotypic CRS has not been completely understood. The aim of this study is to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of clarithromycin and dexamethasone on sinonasal mucosal explants from different phenotypic CRS ex vivo. METHODS Ethmoid mucosal tissues from CRSsNP patients (n = 15), and polyp tissues from eosinophilic (n = 13) and non-eosinophilic (n = 12) CRSwNP patients were cultured in an ex vivo explant model with or without dexamethasone or clarithromycin treatment for 24 h. After culture, the production and/or expression of anti-inflammatory molecules, epithelial-derived cytokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, T helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines, chemokines, dendritic cell relevant markers, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and tissue remodeling factors were detected in tissue explants or culture supernatants by RT-PCR or ELISA, respectively. RESULTS We found that both clarithromycin and dexamethasone up-regulated the production of anti-inflammatory mediators (Clara cell 10-kDa protein and interleukin (IL)-10), whereas down-regulated the production of Th2 response and eosinophilia promoting molecules (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25, IL-33, CD80, CD86, OX40 ligand, programmed cell death ligand 1, CCL17, CCL22, CCL11, CCL5, IL-5, IL-13, and eosinophilic cationic protein) and Th1 response and neutrophilia promoting molecules (CXCL8, CXCL5, CXCL10, CXCL9, interferon-γ, and IL-12), from sinonasal mucosa from distinct phenotypic CRS. In contrast, they had no effect on IL-17A production. The expression of PRRs (Toll-like receptors and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5) was induced, and the production of tissue remodeling factors (transforming growth factor-β1, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase 9) was suppressed, in different phenotypic CRS by dexamethasone and clarithromycin in comparable extent. CONCLUSIONS Out of our expectation, our explant model study discovered herein that glucocorticoids and macrolides likely exerted similar regulatory actions on CRS and most of their effects did not vary by the phenotypes of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping-Ping Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Hua Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Haxel BR, Clemens M, Karaiskaki N, Dippold U, Kettern L, Mann WJ. Controlled trial for long-term low-dose erythromycin after sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2014; 125:1048-55. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.25052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris R. Haxel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; AMEOS Klinikum Haldensleben; Haldensleben Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Meike Clemens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Niki Karaiskaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Uta Dippold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Lisanne Kettern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Wolf J. Mann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
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15
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Varvyanskaya A, Lopatin A. Efficacy of long-term low-dose macrolide therapy in preventing early recurrence of nasal polyps after endoscopic sinus surgery. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014; 4:533-41. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.21318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Varvyanskaya
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Clinic; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - Andrey Lopatin
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Clinic; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russia
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16
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High and low doses of clarithromycin treatment are associated with different clinical efficacies and immunomodulatory properties in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2014; 128:236-41. [PMID: 24555753 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215114000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose clarithromycin has been recommended for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. However, it is uncertain whether a high dose of clarithromycin is more effective than a low dose. METHODS Forty-three chronic rhinosinusitis patients were randomised to low-dose or high-dose clarithromycin groups, and clinical efficacy was evaluated. Pre- and post-treatment measures included: nasal symptom assessment, endoscopic inspection (Lund-Kennedy system), a quality of life questionnaire (the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20) and examination of cytokine levels (interleukin-5 and -8) in nasal secretions. RESULTS The high dose of clarithromycin was significantly better in terms of clinical efficacy than the low dose for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (p < 0.025). Significant differences in nasal cytokine levels (interleukin-5 and -8) were also observed between the low-dose and high-dose groups after short-term clarithromycin treatment (p < 0.025). CONCLUSION Short-term, high-dose clarithromycin appears to be more effective for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis than low-dose clarithromycin.
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17
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What is the proper role of oral antibiotics in the treatment of patients with chronic sinusitis? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 21:61-8. [PMID: 23299120 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32835ac625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common illness for which systemic antibiotics are frequently prescribed, although high-level evidence for this practice is largely lacking. We review the available literature addressing the proper role of oral antibiotics in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. RECENT FINDINGS Chronic rhinosinusitis is an incompletely understood disease process for which the role of antibiotics remains difficult to define despite its historical prominence. There is no high-level evidence to support the use of oral antibiotics in chronic rhinosinusitis. Placebo-controlled studies of macrolide antibiotics indicate either no effect or limited degrees of improvement. Recent literature has identified that sinusitis refractory to medical therapy may represent an odontogenic source, and this should be addressed by dental surgery rather than by additional antibiotics. SUMMARY Oral antibiotics can be prescribed most confidently for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis when purulent exacerbations of disease are detected endoscopically and antibiotic choices are directed by culture. Long-term macrolide antibiotic therapy, acting through immunomodulatory pathways, may be of benefit in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with low immmunoglobulin E levels. Odontogenic sources of sinusitis are best detected by a computed tomography scan and treated through dental surgery. There is no high-level experimental evidence to support the use of oral antibiotics in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. The challenge continues to be the inability to perform double-blinded studies, as both patients and physicians are generally unwilling to participate in chronic sinusitis treatment studies with a placebo arm, given the deep-seated belief of oral antibiotic efficacy in treatment.
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18
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Effect of long-term, low-dose clarithromycin on T helper 2 cytokines, eosinophilic cationic protein and the 'regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted' chemokine in the nasal secretions of patients with nasal polyposis. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2012; 126:495-502. [PMID: 22559798 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215112000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effects of macrolides on the cytokines and chemokines that modulate the function of eosinophils in nasal polyposis. METHODS Twenty-two non-allergic and 18 allergic patients with nasal polyps were administered clarithromycin 500 mg/day (single oral dose) for eight weeks. We measured the nasal secretion levels of the T helper 2 (also known as Th2) cytokines interleukin 4, 5 and 6, the 'regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted' (also known as RANTES) chemokine, and the eosinophilic cationic protein, before and after treatment. RESULTS After clarithromycin treatment, we found reduced levels of the 'regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted' chemokine in samples from both non-allergic and allergic patients (p < 0.05). Clarithromycin treatment decreased the levels of eosinophilic cationic protein only in non-allergic patients (p < 0.05), and decreased the level of interleukin 6 only in allergic patients (p < 0.05). Decreased levels of the 'regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted' chemokine were associated with a reduction in polyp size both in non-allergic and allergic patients. CONCLUSION Clarithromycin has a strong anti-inflammatory effect in nasal polyposis, but has different immunomodulatory effects in allergic and non-allergic nasal polyposis patients.
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19
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Soler ZM, Oyer SL, Kern RC, Senior BA, Kountakis SE, Marple BF, Smith TL. Antimicrobials and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyposis in adults: an evidenced-based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2012; 3:31-47. [PMID: 22736403 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The role of bacterial or fungal infection in CRS is unclear, yet antimicrobials are commonly prescribed for this condition. Published guidelines offer little direction regarding antibiotic strategies for CRS. The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence-based approach to the use of antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics in the management of CRS. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed following recommendations of the Clinical Practice Guideline Manual, Conference on Guideline Standardization (COGS), and the Appraisal of Guidelines and Research Evaluation (AGREE). Inclusion criteria were: age ≥18 years old, chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps, antibiotic treatment as the experimental group, and clearly defined primary clinical endpoint. Studies involving patients with cystic fibrosis or acute invasive fungal sinusitis were excluded. RESULTS The review identified and evaluated the literature on 8 classes of antimicrobials for CRS: oral antibacterial antibiotics ≤3 weeks, oral antibacterial antibiotics >3 weeks, macrolide antibiotics, intravenous antibacterial antibiotics, topical antibacterial antibiotics, oral antifungals, intravenous antifungals, and topical antifungals. CONCLUSION Based on the available evidence, oral antibacterial antibiotics and prolonged macrolide antibiotics are considered therapeutic options in the treatment of CRS while the use of topical antibacterial antibiotics, intravenous antibacterial antibiotics and oral, topical, or intravenous antifungals would be recommended against. These evidence-based recommendations should not necessarily be applied to all patients with CRS and are not intended to supersede clinical judgment based on individual patient circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Soler
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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20
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Zeng M, Long XB, Cui YH, Liu Z. Comparison of efficacy of mometasone furoate versus clarithromycin in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in Chinese adults. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2012; 25:e203-7. [PMID: 22185725 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both nasal steroids and macrolide antibiotics have been recommended for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNPs), whether there is any difference in their clinical efficacy remains unexplored. In addition, few studies have investigated their clinical efficacy in a Chinese population living in China, who present distinct inflammatory patterns compared with white patients in western countries. This study compares the efficacy of mometasone furoate and clarithromycin treatment in CRSsNP in Chinese adults in a preliminary prospective, open-label, randomized trial. METHODS Forty-three CRSsNP patients were randomized to receive mometasone furoate nasal spray at 200 μg (n = 21) or clarithromycin tablet at 250 mg (n = 22) once daily for 12 weeks. Patients were assessed before the treatment and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. Subjective symptoms were scored on a visual analog scale. Endoscopy physical findings were scored according to Lanza-Kennedy scoring system. Moreover, smoking and atopic status and coexistence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma were recorded. RESULTS Before the treatment, no significant difference in symptoms and nasal endoscopic physical findings were found between mometasone furoate and clarithromycin group. As early as 4 weeks after dosing, a significant reduction of total symptom scores, nasal obstruction, headache, rhinorrhea and overall burden scores, and mucosal swelling and nasal discharge scores were observed in both groups. No significant difference in symptom or endoscopic scores was observed between these two groups at any posttreatment observation time point. The coexistence of AR was correlated with lower scores of mucosal edema and nasal secretion in the mometasone furoate group after 12-week treatment. CONCLUSION Mometasone furoate and clarithromycin show a comparable clinical effect for CRSsNPs in Chinese adults. Mometasone furoate is more effective in improving edema and secretion for CRSsNP patients with concomitant AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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21
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Kariyawasam HH, Scadding GK. Chronic rhinosinusitis: therapeutic efficacy of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic approaches. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011; 3:226-35. [PMID: 21966602 PMCID: PMC3178820 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.4.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) worldwide, the exact pathogenesis of the disease remains unknown. Even with therapeutic intervention, treatment response is often only partial and frequently ineffective. The inability to define exact disease phenotypes in relation to specific disease mechanisms has led to a broad based approach with both anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial intervention. The clinical efficacy of such current therapeutic strategies is highlighted and the urgent need for further robust therapeutic intervention studies in CRS is discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha H Kariyawasam
- Department of Allergy and Medical Rhinology, Royal National Throat Nose Ear Hospital London, University College London, London, UK
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22
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Luo Q, Chen F, Liu W, Li Z, Xu R, Fan Y, Chen R, Xu Y, Liu Z, Xu G, Fu Q, Zuo K, Shi J, Li H. Evaluation of long-term clarithromycin treatment in adult Chinese Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2011; 73:206-11. [PMID: 21757966 DOI: 10.1159/000328342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of long-term clarithromycin (CAM) treatment in adult Chinese patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSnNP). METHODS Thirty-three CRSnNP patients were enrolled and subjected to CAM treatment for 12 weeks (250 mg daily). The total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), nasal resistance and inflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)-8 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were evaluated at weeks 0 and 12. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed in all patients by using the Sinonasal Outcome Test 20 and Short Form 36 questionnaires. RESULTS CAM treatment significantly improved TNSS, nasal resistance and QoL, and it inhibited IL-8 and MPO production in CRSnNP patients (p < 0.05). CAM treatment was more effective for IL-8(high) CRSnNP patients than for IL-8(low) CRSnNP patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Long-term, low-dose CAM treatment is effective and safe for the treatment of CRSnNP in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Jang YJ, Kim HC, Lee JH, Kim JH. Maxillary sinus hypoplasia with a patent ostiomeatal complex: A therapeutic dilemma. Auris Nasus Larynx 2011; 39:175-9. [PMID: 21571467 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maxillary sinus hypoplasia (MSH) is a radiologically detectable abnormality of the maxillary sinus that can be associated with sinusitis. Symptomatic MSH patients with a patent ostiomeatal complex (MSHPO) constitute a particular therapeutic challenge. METHODS Ostiomeatal unit CT scans of 1293 patients with various sinonasal symptoms such as purulent discharge, postnasal drip, facial pain or headache were reviewed to determine the incidence, clinical symptoms and outcomes of MSHPO following medical treatment. RESULTS Seventy-five cases (5.8%) were found to have MSHPO. Excluding patients with nasal septal deviation and positive allergy test, 37 of those 75 patients (2.86% of the original cohort) had MSHPO as the only definable sinonasal abnormality. Radiographs showed all patients had antral mucosal thickening. Postnasal drip (43.2%) was the most common symptom, followed by nasal obstruction (40.5%), purulent rhinorrhea (32.4%), hyposmia or anosmia (32.4%), cough (21.6%) and headache (18.9%). Medical treatment consisted of clarithromycin and ebastine for all patients. Medical treatment resulted in complete symptom resolution in only 24.3% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Primary MSHPO was present in approximately 3% of patients with sinonasal symptoms. The response rate to medical treatment was poor. MSHPO should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with non-specific sinonasal complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ju Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Pungnap 2-dong, 388-1, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:267-70. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32833aa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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