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Huang J, Wang B, Tao S, Hu Y, Wang N, Zhang Q, Wang C, Chen C, Gao B, Cheng X, Li Y. D-tagatose protects against oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats by activating PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928312. [PMID: 36189316 PMCID: PMC9520915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by disruption of the alveolar–capillary barrier, resulting in severe alveolar edema and inflammation. D-tagatose (TAG) is a low-calorie fructose isomer with diverse biological activities whose role in ARDS has never been explored. We found that TAG protects lung tissues from injury in the oleic acid-induced rat model of ARDS. Seventeen male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Sham (n = 5), ARDS (n = 6), and TAG + ARDS (n = 6). The treatment groups were injected with oleic acid to induce ARDS, and the TAG + ARDS group was given TAG 3 days before the induction. After the treatments, the effect of TAG was evaluated by blood gas analysis and observing the gross and histological structure of the lung. The results showed that TAG significantly improved the oxygenation function, reduced the respiratory acidosis and the inflammatory response. TAG also improved the vascular permeability in ARDS rats and promoted the differentiation of alveolar type II cells, maintaining the stability of the alveolar structure. This protective effect of TAG on the lung may be achieved by activating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, TAG protects against oleic acid-induced ARDS in rats, suggesting a new clinical strategy for treating the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shaoyi Tao
- Department of Plastic Repair Burn Surgery Dermatology, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuexia Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bingren Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongnan Li, ; Xingdong Cheng, ; Bingren Gao,
| | - Xingdong Cheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongnan Li, ; Xingdong Cheng, ; Bingren Gao,
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongnan Li, ; Xingdong Cheng, ; Bingren Gao,
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PTEN: An Emerging Potential Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Respiratory Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4512503. [PMID: 35814272 PMCID: PMC9262564 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4512503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor that regulates several key cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, genomic integrity, migration, and invasion, via PI3K-dependent and independent mechanisms. A subtle decrease in PTEN levels or catalytic activity is implicated not only in cancer but also in a wide spectrum of other diseases, including various respiratory diseases. A systemic overview of the advances in the molecular and cellular mechanisms of PTEN involved in the initiation and progression of respiratory diseases may offer novel targets for the development of effective therapeutics for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In the present review, we highlight the novel findings emerging from current research on the role of PTEN expression and regulation in airway pathological conditions such as asthma/allergic airway inflammation, pulmonary hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and other acute lung injuries (ALI). Moreover, we discuss the clinical implications of PTEN alteration and recently suggested therapeutic possibilities for restoration of PTEN expression and function in respiratory diseases.
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Ragunathan V, Chithra K, Shivanika C, Sudharsan MS. Modelling and targeting mitochondrial protein tyrosine phosphatase 1: a computational approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2022; 10:3. [PMID: 35111562 PMCID: PMC8762535 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-022-00119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research scintillates on the homology modelling of rat mitochondrial protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (PTPMT1) and targeting its activity using flavonoids through a computational docking approach. PTPMT1 is a dual-specificity phosphatase responsible for protein phosphorylation and plays a vital role in the metabolism of cardiolipin biosynthesis, insulin regulation, etc. The inhibition of PTPMT1 has also shown enhanced insulin levels. The three-dimensional structure of the protein is not yet known. The homology modelling was performed using SWISS-MODEL and Geno3D webservers to compare the efficiencies. The PROCHECK for protein modelled using SWISS-MODEL showed 91.6% of amino acids in the most favoured region, 0.7% residues in the disallowed region that was found to be significant compared to the model built using Geno3D. 210 common flavonoids were docked in the modelled protein using the AutoDock 4.2.6 along with a control drug alexidine dihydrochloride. Our results show promising candidates that bind protein tyrosine phosphatase 1, including, prunin (- 8.66 kcal/mol); oroxindin (- 8.56 kcal/mol); luteolin 7-rutinoside (- 8.47 kcal/mol); 3(2H)-isoflavenes (- 8.36 kcal/mol); nicotiflorin (- 8.29 kcal/mol), ranked top in the docking experiments. We predicted the pharmacokinetic and Lipinski properties of the top ten compounds with the lowest binding energies. To further validate the stability of the modelled protein and docked complexes molecular dynamics simulations were performed using Desmond, Schrodinger for 150 ns in conjunction with MM-GBSA. Thus, flavonoids could act as potential inhibitors of PTPMT1, and further, in-vitro and in-vivo studies are essential to complete the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataraghavan Ragunathan
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Nanomaterials and Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - K. Chithra
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Nanomaterials and Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - C. Shivanika
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - Meenambiga Setti Sudharsan
- grid.412815.b0000 0004 1760 6324Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai, 600117 India
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Oxypaeoniflorin Prevents Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide through the PTEN/AKT Pathway in a Sirt1-Dependent Manner. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6878026. [PMID: 34394832 PMCID: PMC8357472 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6878026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is featured by pulmonary edema, alveolar barrier injury, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. The activation of Sirt1 could relieve lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced murine ALI by maintaining pulmonary epithelial barrier function. Oxypaeoniflorin (Oxy) serves as a major component of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., exerting cardioprotection by activating Sirt1. However, the role of Oxy in ALI induced by LPS remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to illustrate the modulatory effects and molecular mechanisms by which Oxy operates in ALI induced by LPS. The intraperitoneal injection of LPS was performed to establish the murine ALI model while LPS-treated alveolar epithelial cells were used to mimic the in vitro ALI model. Levels of lung injury, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response were detected to observe the potential effects of Oxy on ALI. Oxy treatment mitigated lung edema, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in mouse response to LPS, apart from improving 7-day survival. Meanwhile, Oxy also increased the expression and activity of Sirt1. Intriguingly, Sirt1 deficiency or inhibition counteracted the protective effects of Oxy treatment in LPS-treated mice or LPS-treated alveolar epithelial cells by regulating the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. These results demonstrated that Oxy could combat ALI in vivo and in vitro through inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress in a Sirt1-dependent manner. Oxy owns the potential to be a promising candidate against ALI.
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The protective effect of PPARγ in sepsis-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting PTEN/β-catenin pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224379. [PMID: 32420586 PMCID: PMC7256673 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to reveal the molecular mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). To do that, the rat injury model was established using cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) method, followed by different treatments, and the rats were divided into Sham group, CLP group, CLP + rosiglitazone (PPARγ agonist) group, CLP + GW9662 (PPARγ inhibitor) group, CLP + bpV (phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitor) group, CLP + GW9662 + bpV group. Compared with Sham group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ were down-regulated, the inflammation levels were elevated, and the apoptosis was increased in CLP group. After treatment with rosiglitazone, the protein expression level of PPARγ was significantly up-regulated, the phosphorylation level of PTEN/β-catenin pathway was decreased, the PTEN/β-catenin pathway was inhibited, the lung injury, inflammation and apoptosis were reduced. The opposite effect was observed after treatment with GW9662. Besides, bpV inhibited PTEN/β-catenin pathway, and relieved the lung tissue injury. The overexpression of PPARγ reduced inflammatory response and inhibited apoptosis in sepsis-induced ALI. Furthermore, PPARγ relieved the sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting the PTEN/β-catenin pathway.
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PTEN inhibitor bpV(HOpic) confers protection against ionizing radiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1720. [PMID: 33462262 PMCID: PMC7814022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to Ionizing radiation (IR) poses a severe threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop potent and safe radioprotective agents for radio-nuclear emergencies. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) mediates its cytoprotective signaling against IR by phosphorylating membrane phospholipids to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 triphosphate, PIP3, that serve as a docking site for AKT. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) antagonizes PI3K activity by dephosphorylating PIP3, thus suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling that could prevent IR induced cytotoxicity. The current study was undertaken to investigate the radioprotective potential of PTEN inhibitor (PTENi), bpV(HOpic). The cell cytotoxicity, proliferation index, and clonogenic survival assays were performed for assessing the radioprotective potential of bpV(HOpic). A safe dose of bpV(HOpic) was shown to be radioprotective in three radiosensitive tissue origin cells. Further, bpV(HOpic) significantly reduced the IR-induced apoptosis and associated pro-death signaling. A faster and better DNA repair kinetics was also observed in bpV(HOpic) pretreated cells exposed to IR. Additionally, bpV(HOpic) decreased the IR-induced oxidative stress and significantly enhanced the antioxidant defense mechanism in cells. The radioprotective effect of bpV(HOpic) was found to be AKT dependant and primarily regulated by the enhanced glycolysis and associated signaling. Furthermore, this in-vitro observation was verified in-vivo, where administration of bpV(HOpic) in C57BL/6 mice resulted in AKT activation and conferred survival advantage against IR-induced mortality. These results imply that bpV(HOpic) ameliorates IR-induced oxidative stress and cell death by inducing AKT signaling mediated antioxidant defense system and DNA repair pathways, thus strengthening its potential to be used as a radiation countermeasure.
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de Oliveira C, Khatua B, Noel P, Kostenko S, Bag A, Balakrishnan B, Patel KS, Guerra AA, Martinez MN, Trivedi S, McCullough A, Lam-Himlin DM, Navina S, Faigel DO, Fukami N, Pannala R, Phillips AE, Papachristou GI, Kershaw EE, Lowe ME, Singh VP. Pancreatic triglyceride lipase mediates lipotoxic systemic inflammation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1931-1947. [PMID: 31917686 DOI: 10.1172/jci132767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue plays a critical role in numerous diseases. Although imaging studies often show adipose involvement in abdominal diseases, their outcomes may vary from being a mild self-limited illness to one with systemic inflammation and organ failure. We therefore compared the pattern of visceral adipose injury during acute pancreatitis and acute diverticulitis to determine its role in organ failure. Acute pancreatitis-associated adipose tissue had ongoing lipolysis in the absence of adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Pancreatic lipase injected into mouse visceral adipose tissue hydrolyzed adipose triglyceride and generated excess nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), which caused organ failure in the absence of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PNLIP) increased in adipose tissue during pancreatitis and entered adipocytes by multiple mechanisms, hydrolyzing adipose triglyceride and generating excess NEFAs. During pancreatitis, obese PNLIP-knockout mice, unlike obese adipocyte-specific ATGL knockouts, had lower visceral adipose tissue lipolysis, milder inflammation, less severe organ failure, and improved survival. PNLIP-knockout mice, unlike ATGL knockouts, were protected from adipocyte-induced pancreatic acinar injury without affecting NEFA signaling or acute pancreatitis induction. Therefore, during pancreatitis, unlike diverticulitis, PNLIP leaking into visceral adipose tissue can cause excessive visceral adipose tissue lipolysis independently of adipocyte-autonomous ATGL, and thereby worsen organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ann McCullough
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Dora M Lam-Himlin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Evans Phillips
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Erin E Kershaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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García-Rayado G, Varela-Moreiras G, Lanas Á, Ferrández Á, Balza-Lareu N, Cervera JI, Bodenlle-Bello MP, Argüelles-Arias AM, Latorre P, Udaondo-Cascante MA, Soria-de-la-Cruz MJ, Lariño-Noia J, García-Figueiras R, Gil-García-Ollauri C, Ituarte-Uriarte R, Rosales-Alexander CL, Soriano J, Rodríguez-Peláez M, Mesa-Álvarez A, Oblitas E, Menso MM, Bertoletti F, Rodríguez-Prada JI, Guzmán-Suárez S, Closa D, de-Madaria E. Dietary Fat Patterns and Outcomes in Acute Pancreatitis in Spain. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:126. [PMID: 32328495 PMCID: PMC7160296 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Evidence from basic and clinical studies suggests that unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) might be relevant mediators of the development of complications in acute pancreatitis (AP). Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes in patients with AP from regions in Spain with different patterns of dietary fat intake. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed with data from 1,655 patients with AP from a Spanish prospective cohort study and regional nutritional data from a Spanish cross-sectional study. Nutritional data considered in the study concern the total lipid consumption, detailing total saturated fatty acids, UFAs and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) consumption derived from regional data and not from the patient prospective cohort. Two multivariable analysis models were used: (1) a model with the Charlson comorbidity index, sex, alcoholic etiology, and recurrent AP; (2) a model that included these variables plus obesity. Results: In multivariable analysis, patients from regions with high UFA intake had a significantly increased frequency of local complications, persistent organ failure (POF), mortality, and moderate-to-severe disease in the model without obesity and a higher frequency of POF in the model with obesity. Patients from regions with high MUFA intake had significantly more local complications and moderate-to-severe disease; this significance remained for moderate-to-severe disease when obesity was added to the model. Conclusions: Differences in dietary fat patterns could be associated with different outcomes in AP, and dietary fat patterns may be a pre-morbid factor that determines the severity of AP. UFAs, and particulary MUFAs, may influence the pathogenesis of the severity of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo García-Rayado
- Service of Digestive Diseases, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), CIBERehd, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Lanas
- Service of Digestive Diseases, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), CIBERehd, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Ferrández
- Service of Digestive Diseases, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), CIBERehd, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Juan I Cervera
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Patricia Latorre
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - José Lariño-Noia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto García-Figueiras
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Soriano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Peláez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alicia Mesa-Álvarez
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elida Oblitas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María M Menso
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Bertoletti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Closa
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de-Madaria
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
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Gao J, Liu Q, Li J, Hu C, Zhao W, Ma W, Yao M, Xing L. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 dependent TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling activation is involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106219. [PMID: 31991373 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) has been reported to reduce inflammation and apoptosis. Inflammation and apoptosis are both the essential mechanisms during development of acute lung injury. This study evaluated whether pre-treatment of FGF21 could alleviate acute lung injury. Mice were pre-treated with FGF21 prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. 24 h later, the lung tissues and BALF were obtained to detect H&E pathology, W/D ratio, pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and apoptosis. In vitro, Human BEAS-2B and THP-1 cells were overexpressed with TLR4 or MYD88 or NF-κB plasmid to detect the inflammation or apoptosis. Data showed that FGF21 was proved to be beneficial for inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in the LPS- induced Balb/c mice or LPS induced BEAS-2B or THP-1 cells. Furthermore, the data showed that FGF21 suppressed inflammation and apoptosis via inhibition of TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, FGF21 provides a possibility for the treatment of LPS induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Qiuhong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Junlu Li
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Wentao Ma
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Mengying Yao
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Lihua Xing
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China.
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Gong Y, Xu W, Chen Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang B, Lu Z, Lin HC, Zhou X, Zhou X. miR-20a-5p regulates pulmonary surfactant gene expression in alveolar type II cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7664-7672. [PMID: 31490024 PMCID: PMC6815916 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) critically controls gene expression in many biological processes, including lung growth and pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis. The present study was conducted to investigate whether miR‐20a‐5p had such regulatory functions on alveolar type II (AT‐II) cells. To accomplish this, miR‐20a‐5p–overexpressed and miR‐20a‐5p–inhibited adenoviral vectors were constructed and transfected into cultured AT‐II cells that were isolated from rat foetal lungs of 19 days' gestation. Transfection efficiency was confirmed by observing the fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) carried by the viral vector, whereas miR‐20a‐5p levels were verified by real‐time PCR. The CCK‐8 assay was used to compare the proliferation ability of AT‐II cells that had over‐ or underexpressed miR‐20a‐5p. The expression of surfactant‐associated proteins (SPs) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was measured by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. In AT‐II cells, transfection resulted in over‐ or under‐regulation of miR‐20a‐5p. While overexpression of miR‐20a‐5p promoted pulmonary surfactant gene expression, its underexpression inhibited it. Consistent with its role in negatively regulating the pulmonary surfactant gene, an opposite pattern was observed for miR‐20a‐5p regulation of PTEN. As a result, when miR‐20a‐5p was rendered overexpressed, PTEN was down‐regulated. By contrast, when miR‐20a‐5p was underexpressed, PTEN was up‐regulated. Neither overexpression nor underexpression of miR‐20a‐5p altered the cell proliferation. miR‐20a‐5p plays no role in proliferation of foetal AT‐II cells but is a critical regulator of surfactant gene expression. The latter appears to be achieved through a regulatory process that implicates expression of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Gong
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Zhangjiagang City, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhitao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Zhangjiagang City, China
| | - Hung-Chih Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhou
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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de Oliveira C, Khatua B, Bag A, El-Kurdi B, Patel K, Mishra V, Navina S, Singh VP. Multimodal Transgastric Local Pancreatic Hypothermia Reduces Severity of Acute Pancreatitis in Rats and Increases Survival. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:735-747.e10. [PMID: 30518512 PMCID: PMC6368865 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute pancreatitis (AP) of different etiologies is associated with the activation of different signaling pathways in pancreatic cells, posing challenges to the development of targeted therapies. We investigated whether local pancreatic hypothermia, without systemic hypothermia, could lessen the severity of AP induced by different methods in rats. METHODS A urethane balloon with 2 polyurethane tubes was placed inside the stomach of rats. AP was induced in Wistar rats by the administration of cerulein or glyceryl tri-linoleate (GTL). Then, cold water was infused into the balloon to cool the pancreas. Pancreatic temperatures were selected based on those found to decrease acinar cell injury. An un-perfused balloon was used as a control. Pancreatic and rectal temperatures were monitored, and an infrared lamp or heating pad was used to avoid generalized hypothermia. We collected blood, pancreas, kidney, and lung tissues and analyzed them by histology, immunofluorescence, immunoblot, cytokine and chemokine magnetic bead, and DNA damage assays. The effect of hypothermia on signaling pathways initiated by cerulein and GTL was studied in acinar cells. RESULTS Rats with pancreatic cooling developed less severe GTL-induced AP compared with rats that received the control balloon. In acinar cells, cooling decreased the lipolysis induced by GTL, increased the micellar form of its fatty acid, lowered the increase in cytosolic calcium, prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (by 70%-80%), and resulted in a 40%-50% decrease in the uptake of a fatty acid tracer. In rats with AP, cooling decreased pancreatic necrosis by 48%, decreased serum levels of cytokines and markers of cell damage, and decreased markers of lung and renal damage. Pancreatic cooling increased the proportions of rats surviving 6 hours after induction of AP (to 90%, from <10% of rats that received the control balloon). In rats with cerulein-induced AP, pancreatic cooling decreased pancreatic markers of apoptosis and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS In rats with AP, transgastric local pancreatic hypothermia decreases pancreatic necrosis, apoptosis, inflammation, and markers of pancreatitis severity and increases survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane de Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Biswajit Khatua
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Arup Bag
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bara El-Kurdi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Krutika Patel
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vivek Mishra
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sarah Navina
- Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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12
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Tan Z, Wang H, Sun J, Li M. Effects of propofol pretreatment on lung morphology and heme oxygenase-1 expression in oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2018; 33:250-258. [PMID: 29668779 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180030000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of propofol pretreatment on lung morphology and heme oxygenase-1 expression in oleic acid -induced acute lung injury in rats. METHODS A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300g) were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=8/group): group C, group OA, group OA+PR, and group OA+IX to compare related parameter changes. RESULTS PaO2, PCO2, and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly different among the four treatment groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Lung wet/dry weight ratio and HO-1 protein expression also significantly differed among the groups (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of HO-1 in group OA+PR was stronger than those in groups OA, OA+IX, and C. Light microscopy revealed that pathological changes in lung tissues in group OA+PR were milder than those in group OA and group OA+IX. Electron microscopy showed that alveolar type II epithelial cell ultrastructure in group OA was relatively irregular with cell degeneration and disintegration and cytoplasmic lamellar bodies were vacuolized. Changes in group OA+PR were milder than those in group OA; however, they were more severe in group OA+IX than in group OA. CONCLUSION Propofol significantly increases the expression of HO-1 in the lung tissueand prevents changes in lung morphology due to ALI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Huaizhou Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Tai'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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13
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Pulido R. PTEN Inhibition in Human Disease Therapy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020285. [PMID: 29385737 PMCID: PMC6017825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor PTEN is a major homeostatic regulator, by virtue of its lipid phosphatase activity against phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3], which downregulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR prosurvival signaling, as well as by its protein phosphatase activity towards specific protein targets. PTEN catalytic activity is crucial to control cell growth under physiologic and pathologic situations, and it impacts not only in preventing tumor cell survival and proliferation, but also in restraining several cellular regeneration processes, such as those associated with nerve injury recovery, cardiac ischemia, or wound healing. In these conditions, inhibition of PTEN catalysis is being explored as a potentially beneficial therapeutic intervention. Here, an overview of human diseases and conditions in which PTEN inhibition could be beneficial is presented, together with an update on the current status of specific small molecule inhibitors of PTEN enzymatic activity, their use in experimental models, and their limitations as research or therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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Lai CC, Huang PH, Yang AH, Chiang SC, Tang CY, Tseng KW, Huang CH. Baicalein Attenuates Lung Injury Induced by Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:791-811. [PMID: 28521514 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is an active component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has traditionally been used to treat cardiovascular diseases in China. In this study, we investigated if treatment with baicalein can attenuate the lung injury induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Myocardial I/R, induced by a 40-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and a 3-h reperfusion, significantly increased histological damage and the wet-to-dry weight ratio of lungs in rats. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive nuclei and caspase-3 activation was significantly increased in the lungs. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]), interleukin-1[Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text]), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated, as were TNF-[Formula: see text] levels in the lung. Intravenous administration with baicalein at doses of 3, 10, and 30[Formula: see text]mg/kg for ten minutes before myocardial I/R significantly reduced histological damage, the wet-to-dry weight ratio, and apoptosis in the lung. Baicalein also significantly inhibited the increase in levels of TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-1[Formula: see text], and IL-6. Moreover, baicalein increased Bcl-2 and decreased p53, Bax, and cytochrome [Formula: see text] in lungs. Phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinases, including Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), was increased, while the phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic mitogen-activated protein kinases, including p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), was decreased. In conclusion, treatment with baicalein attenuates the lung injury induced by myocardial I/R. The mechanisms might be related to the limiting of apoptosis, possibly via the inhibition of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, including the inhibition of TNF-[Formula: see text] production and modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chi Lai
- * Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,† Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,∥ Department of Physical Education and Health, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- † Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,‡ Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,** Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Han Yang
- § Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chiung Chiang
- ¶ Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Tang
- * Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,† Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- ∥ Department of Physical Education and Health, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiung Huang
- * Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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MiR-26a inhibits proliferation and migration of HaCaT keratinocytes through regulating PTEN expression. Gene 2016; 594:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Zhao Z, Xu D, Li S, He B, Huang Y, Xu M, Ren S, Li S, Wang H, Xie W. Activation of Liver X Receptor Attenuates Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2614-22. [PMID: 27520356 PMCID: PMC5222979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) were identified as receptors that sense oxidized cholesterol derivatives. LXRs are best known for their hepatic functions in regulating cholesterol metabolism and triglyceride synthesis, but whether and how LXRs play a role in the lung diseases is less understood. To study the function of LXRs in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we applied the oleic acid (OA) model of ARDS to mice whose LXR was genetically or pharmacologically activated. The VP-LXRα knock-in (LXR-KI) mice, in which a constitutively activated LXRα (VP-LXRα) was inserted into the mouse LXRα locus, were used as the genetic gain-of-function model. We showed that the OA-induced lung damages, including the cytokine levels and total cell numbers and neutrophil numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the wet/dry weight ratio, and morphological abnormalities were reduced in the LXR-KI mice and wild-type mice treated with the LXR agonist GW3965. The pulmonoprotective effect of GW3965 was abolished in the LXR-null mice. Consistent with the pulmonoprotective effect of LXR and the induction of antioxidant enzymes by LXR, the OA-induced suppression of superoxide dismutase and catalase was attenuated in LXR-KI mice and GW3965-treated wild-type mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that activation of LXRs can alleviate OA-induced ARDS by attenuating the inflammatory response and enhancing antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanmei Zhao
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Occupational Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Department of Occupational Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bei He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixian Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Meishu Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Songrong Ren
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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17
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Chakrabarty S, Banerjee R. Oxidation of l
-Methionine by Bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)oxovanadate(V): A Mechanistic Study. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Noel P, Patel K, Durgampudi C, Trivedi RN, de Oliveira C, Crowell MD, Pannala R, Lee K, Brand R, Chennat J, Slivka A, Papachristou GI, Khalid A, Whitcomb DC, DeLany JP, Cline RA, Acharya C, Jaligama D, Murad FM, Yadav D, Navina S, Singh VP. Peripancreatic fat necrosis worsens acute pancreatitis independent of pancreatic necrosis via unsaturated fatty acids increased in human pancreatic necrosis collections. Gut 2016; 65:100-11. [PMID: 25500204 PMCID: PMC4869971 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peripancreatic fat necrosis occurs frequently in necrotising pancreatitis. Distinguishing markers from mediators of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is important since targeting mediators may improve outcomes. We evaluated potential agents in human pancreatic necrotic collections (NCs), pseudocysts (PCs) and pancreatic cystic neoplasms and used pancreatic acini, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and an acute pancreatitis (AP) model to determine SAP mediators. METHODS We measured acinar and PBMC injury induced by agents increased in NCs and PCs. Outcomes of caerulein pancreatitis were studied in lean rats coadministered interleukin (IL)-1β and keratinocyte chemoattractant/growth-regulated oncogene, triolein alone or with the lipase inhibitor orlistat. RESULTS NCs had higher fatty acids, IL-8 and IL-1β versus other fluids. Lipolysis of unsaturated triglyceride and resulting unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) oleic and linoleic acids induced necro-apoptosis at less than half the concentration in NCs but other agents did not do so at more than two times these concentrations. Cytokine coadministration resulted in higher pancreatic and lung inflammation than caerulein alone, but only triolein coadministration caused peripancreatic fat stranding, higher cytokines, UFAs, multisystem organ failure (MSOF) and mortality in 97% animals, which were prevented by orlistat. CONCLUSIONS UFAs, IL-1β and IL-8 are elevated in NCs. However, UFAs generated via peripancreatic fat lipolysis causes worse inflammation and MSOF, converting mild AP to SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Noel
- Departments of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Krutika Patel
- Departments of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Chandra Durgampudi
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pasavant, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ram N Trivedi
- Departments of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Rahul Pannala
- Departments of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Randall Brand
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Chennat
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Slivka
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Asif Khalid
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Whitcomb
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James P DeLany
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel A Cline
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chathur Acharya
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pasavant, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deepthi Jaligama
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pasavant, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Faris M Murad
- Departments of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Navina
- Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Departments of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Role of Oleic Acid-Triggered Lung Injury and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:260465. [PMID: 26640323 PMCID: PMC4660020 DOI: 10.1155/2015/260465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung injury especially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be triggered by diverse stimuli, including fatty acids and microbes. ARDS affects thousands of people worldwide each year, presenting high mortality rate and having an economic impact. One of the hallmarks of lung injury is edema formation with alveoli flooding. Animal models are used to study lung injury. Oleic acid-induced lung injury is a widely used model resembling the human disease. The oleic acid has been linked to metabolic and inflammatory diseases; here we focus on lung injury. Firstly, we briefly discuss ARDS and secondly we address the mechanisms by which oleic acid triggers lung injury and inflammation.
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20
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Targeting PTEN using small molecule inhibitors. Methods 2015; 77-78:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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21
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Endogeous sulfur dioxide protects against oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in association with inhibition of oxidative stress in rats. J Transl Med 2015; 95:142-56. [PMID: 25581610 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2), an efficient gasotransmitter maintaining homeostasis, in the development of acute lung injury (ALI) remains unidentified. We aimed to investigate the role of endogenous SO2 in the pathogenesis of ALI. An oleic acid (OA)-induced ALI rat model was established. Endogenous SO2 levels, lung injury, oxidative stress markers and apoptosis were examined. OA-induced ALI rats showed a markedly downregulated endogenous SO2/aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1)/AAT2 pathway and severe lung injury. Chemical colorimetry assays demonstrated upregulated reactive oxygen species generation and downregulated antioxidant capacity in OA-induced ALI rats. However, SO2 increased endogenous SO2 levels, protected against oxidative stress and alleviated ALI. Moreover, compared with OA-treated cells, in human alveolar epithelial cells SO2 downregulated O2(-) and OH(-) generation. In contrast, L-aspartic acid-β-hydroxamate (HDX, Sigma-Aldrich Corporation), an inhibitor of endogenous SO2 generating enzyme, promoted free radical generation, upregulated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expression, activated caspase-3, as well as promoted cell apoptosis. Importantly, apoptosis could be inhibited by the free radical scavengers glutathione (GSH) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The results suggest that SO2/AAT1/AAT2 pathway might protect against the development of OA-induced ALI by inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Patel K, Trivedi RN, Durgampudi C, Noel P, Cline RA, DeLany JP, Navina S, Singh VP. Lipolysis of visceral adipocyte triglyceride by pancreatic lipases converts mild acute pancreatitis to severe pancreatitis independent of necrosis and inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:808-19. [PMID: 25579844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visceral fat necrosis has been associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) for over 100 years; however, its pathogenesis and role in SAP outcomes are poorly understood. Based on recent work suggesting that pancreatic fat lipolysis plays an important role in SAP, we evaluated the role of pancreatic lipases in SAP-associated visceral fat necrosis, the inflammatory response, local injury, and outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP). For this, cerulein pancreatitis was induced in lean and obese mice, alone or with the lipase inhibitor orlistat and parameters of AP induction (serum amylase and lipase), fat necrosis, pancreatic necrosis, and multisystem organ failure, and inflammatory response were assessed. Pancreatic lipases were measured in fat necrosis and were overexpressed in 3T3-L1 cells. We noted obesity to convert mild cerulein AP to SAP with greater cytokines, unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and multisystem organ failure, and 100% mortality without affecting AP induction or pancreatic necrosis. Increased pancreatic lipase amounts and activity were noted in the extensive visceral fat necrosis of dying obese mice. Lipase inhibition reduced fat necrosis, UFAs, organ failure, and mortality but not the parameters of AP induction. Pancreatic lipase expression increased lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells. We conclude that UFAs generated via lipolysis of visceral fat by pancreatic lipases convert mild AP to SAP independent of pancreatic necrosis and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krutika Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Ram N Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Chandra Durgampudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pawan Noel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Rachel A Cline
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James P DeLany
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Navina
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang L, Qiao L, Liang J, Yan H, Zhao K, Liu X, Wang L. Identification and examination of a novel 9-bp insert/deletion polymorphism on porcine SFTPA1 exon 2 associated with acute lung injury using an oleic acid-acute lung injury model. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:573-8. [PMID: 25442010 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary surfactant-associated protein (SFTPA1, SP-A) gene has been studied as a candidate gene for lung disease resistance in humans and livestock. The objective of the present study was to identify polymorphisms of the porcine SFTPA1 gene coding region and its association with acute lung injury (ALI). Through DNA sequencing and the PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism method, a novel 9-bp nucleotide insertion (+) or deletion (-) was detected on exon 2 of SFTPA1, which causes a change in three amino acids, namely, alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly) and proline (Pro). Individuals of three genotypes (-/-, +/- and +/+) were divided into equal groups from 60 Rongchang pigs that were genotyped. These pigs were selected for participation in the oleic acid (OA)-ALI model by 1-h and 3-h injections of OA, and there were equal numbers of pigs in the control and injection groups. The lung water content, a marker for acute lung injury, was measured in this study; there is a significant correlation between high lung water content and the presence of the 9-bp indel polymorphism (P < 0.01). The lung water content of the OA injection group was markedly higher than that of the control group and lung water content for the +/+ genotype was significantly higher than that of the others in the 1-h group (P < 0.01). No differences in the expression of the SFTPA1 gene were found among individuals with different SFTPA1 genotypes, indicating that the trait is not caused by a linked polymorphism causing altered expression of the gene. The individuals with the -/- genotype showed lower lung water content than the +/+ genotype pigs, which suggests that polymorphism could be a potential marker for lung disease-resistant pig breeding and that pig can be a potential animal model for human lung disease resistance in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kebin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li FJ, Hsu T, Li HX, Shi JZ, Du ML, Wang XY, Zhang WT. Protective effect and mechanism of lithium chloride pretreatment on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Obeidat M, Li L, Ballermann BJ. TIMAP promotes angiogenesis by suppressing PTEN-mediated Akt inhibition in human glomerular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F623-33. [PMID: 25007873 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00070.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of TIMAP, an endothelial cell (EC)-predominant protein phosphatase 1-regulatory subunit, is poorly understood. We explored the potential role of TIMAP in the Akt-dependent regulation of glomerular EC proliferation, survival, and in vitro angiogenesis. To deplete TIMAP, the EC were transfected with TIMAP-specific or nonspecific small interfering (si) RNA. The rate of electrical impedance development across subconfluent EC monolayers, a measure of the time-dependent increase in EC number, was 93 ± 2% lower in TIMAP-depleted than in control EC. This effect on cell proliferation was associated with reduced DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis: TIMAP silencing reduced 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation by 38 ± 2% during the exponential phase of EC proliferation, and cleaved caspase 3 as well as caspase 3 activity increased in TIMAP-depleted relative to control cells. Furthermore, TIMAP depletion inhibited the formation of angiogenic sprouts by glomerular EC in three-dimensional culture. TIMAP depletion strongly diminished growth factor-stimulated Akt phosphorylation without altering ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting a specific effect on the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway. Endogenous TIMAP and PTEN colocalized in EC and coimmunoprecipitated from EC lysates. The inhibitory PTEN phosphorylation on S370 was significantly reduced in TIMAP-depleted compared with control EC, while phosphorylation of PTEN on the S380/T382/T383 cluster remained unchanged. Finally, the PTEN inhibitor bpV(phen) fully reversed the suppressive effect of TIMAP depletion on Akt phosphorylation. The data indicate that in growing EC, TIMAP is necessary for Akt-dependent EC proliferation, survival, and angiogenic sprout formation and that this effect of TIMAP is mediated by inhibition of the tumor suppressor PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Obeidat
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laiji Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Lee SM, Choi H, Yang G, Park KC, Jeong S, Hong S. microRNAs mediate oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in rats using an alternative injury mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:292-300. [PMID: 24736893 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) infusion of oleic acid (OA) distributes OA microemboli in the pulmonary capillaries, which results in severe vascular congestion, hemorrhage vascular congestion, interstitial edema, intravascular coagulation and bleeding. The immune response to acute lung injury (ALI) is known to be associated with rapid and widespread changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression in the lung. The present study of a model of rat lung injury aimed to investigate how the lung miRNA profile changes to mediate ALI. For the induction of ALI, OA (200 µl/kg) suspended in 20% ethyl alcohol was injected through the tail vein for 20 min. Lung tissue samples were acquired at 3, 6 and 24 h, and miRNA microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed using these samples. The activation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) were analyzed by western blot analysis. There were 75 miRNAs that demonstrated >1.5‑fold changes in expression levels. miR-101a was highly upregulated at 3 h. miR-21 was upregulated in the OA group throughout the 24 h following OA challenge. miR-1 was the most downregulated miRNA at 24 h. In order to examine the expression levels of PTEN and Akt as targets of miR-21, western blot analysis was performed. At 3 h, the levels of PTEN were attenuated in the OA group as compared with those in the control group; however, p-Akt/Akt levels were increased at 3 h for the OA group. PTEN and p-Akt/Akt were significantly higher in the OA group at 3 h and were rapidly decreased at 6 h. The immunohistochemical stain of α-smooth muscle actin in the bronchial and alveolar wall increased 24 h after OA‑induced ALI. These results indicated that the profile of miRNAs dynamically changed throughout the OA-induced ALI process, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, PTEN/Akt pathway alteration and smooth muscle actin activation were observed in this ALI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mook Lee
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Choi
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumjin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sikyoung Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoup Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
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Pérez de Sevilla Müller L, Sargoy A, Rodriguez AR, Brecha NC. Melanopsin ganglion cells are the most resistant retinal ganglion cell type to axonal injury in the rat retina. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93274. [PMID: 24671191 PMCID: PMC3966869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that the most common retinal ganglion cell type that remains after optic nerve transection is the M1 melanopsin ganglion cell. M1 ganglion cells are members of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell population that mediates non-image-forming vision, comprising ∼2.5% of all ganglion cells in the rat retina. In the present study, M1 ganglion cells comprised 1.7±1%, 28±14%, 55±13% and 82±8% of the surviving ganglion cells 7, 14, 21 and 60 days after optic nerve transection, respectively. Average M1 ganglion cell somal diameter and overall morphological appearance remained unchanged in non-injured and injured retinas, suggesting a lack of injury-induced degeneration. Average M1 dendritic field size increased at 7 and 60 days following optic nerve transection, while average dendritic field size remained similar in non-injured retinas and in retinas at 14 and 21 days after optic nerve transection. These findings demonstrate that M1 ganglion cells are more resistant to injury than other ganglion cell types following optic nerve injury, and provide an opportunity to develop pharmacological or genetic therapeutic approaches to mitigate ganglion cell death and save vision following optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Pérez de Sevilla Müller
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Allison Sargoy
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Allen R. Rodriguez
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas C. Brecha
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Bai L, Ren F, Zheng SJ, Zhang J, Chen Y, Duan ZP. Regulatory role of PTEN/PI3K in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:203-209. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the regulatory role of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and the possible mechanism involved.
METHODS: C57BL6/J mice were subjected to 90 minutes of ischemia in the left/middle liver lobe followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. To investigate the role of PTEN/PI3K in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice, specific PTEN inhibitor BPV (HOpic) and PI3K inhibitor wortmannin (WM) were injected intraperitoneally prior to the ischemia insult. Serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) levels and histological changes of the liver were used to assess the liver damage. To explore the regulatory mechanism of PTEN/PI3K, we analyzed the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β, the key downstream effector molecules of PTEN/PI3K, by Western blot. In light of the importance of TLR4-triggered inflammatory response in IRI, we compared the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-12p40, TNF-α and IL-10 before and after pretreatment.
RESULTS: Inhibition of PTEN protected the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury, whereas liver damage was aggravated markedly by the administration of PI3K inhibitor, which were evidenced by sALT and liver histology [Salt IR: 7673 U/L ± 738.2 U/L, BPV+IR: 2682 U/L ± 367.0 U/L, WM+IR: 12670 U/L ± 1027.0 U/L, P < 0.01]. The dephosphorylated AKT/GSK3β by ischemia itself restored their phosphorylation activity during the reperfusion phase. Loss of PTEN enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT/GSK3β triggered by reperfusion, which was quite opposite to the effects induced by PI3K inhibition (p-AKT/Actin: IR, 0.52 ± 0.02; BPV+IR, 0.89 ± 0.05; WM+IR, 0.19 ± 0.01; p-GSK3β/GSK3β: IR, 0.61 ± 0.01; BPV+IR, 0.90 ± 0.03; WM+IR, 0.32 ± 0.03). PTEN blockade suppressed the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p40 and TNF-α, and the IL-12 p40/IL-10 ratio was reduced significantly. Conversely, PI3K inhibition boosted pro-inflammatory response strikingly.
CONCLUSION: PTEN inhibition and/or PI3K activation protect the liver against IRI via the up-regulation of AKT/GSK3β phosphorylation and the inhibition of the inflammatory response, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of liver IRI.
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Pulido R, Stoker AW, Hendriks WJAJ. PTPs emerge as PIPs: protein tyrosine phosphatases with lipid-phosphatase activities in human disease. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:R66-76. [PMID: 23900072 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a family of key homeostatic regulators, with wide implications on physiology and disease. Recent findings have unveiled that the biological activity of PTPs goes beyond the dephosphorylation of phospho-proteins to shut down protein tyrosine kinase-driven signaling cascades. Substrates dephosphorylated by clinically relevant PTPs extend to phospholipids and phosphorylated carbohydrates as well. In addition, non-catalytic functions are also used by PTPs to regulate essential cellular functions. Consequently, PTPs have emerged as novel potential therapeutic targets for human diseases, including cancer predispositions, myopathies and neuropathies. In this review, we highlight recent advances on the multifaceted role of lipid-phosphatase PTPs in human pathology, with an emphasis on hereditary diseases. The involved PTP regulatory networks and PTP modulatory strategies with potential therapeutic application are discussed.
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Burgers TA, Hoffmann MF, Collins CJ, Zahatnansky J, Alvarado MA, Morris MR, Sietsema DL, Mason JJ, Jones CB, Ploeg HL, Williams BO. Mice lacking pten in osteoblasts have improved intramembranous and late endochondral fracture healing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63857. [PMID: 23675511 PMCID: PMC3652860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of an osseous fracture to heal (development of a non-union) is a common and debilitating clinical problem. Mice lacking the tumor suppressor Pten in osteoblasts have dramatic and progressive increases in bone volume and density throughout life. Since fracture healing is a recapitulation of bone development, we investigated the process of fracture healing in mice lacking Pten in osteoblasts (Ocn-cretg/+;Ptenflox/flox). Mid-diaphyseal femoral fractures induced in wild-type and Ocn-cretg/+;Ptenflox/flox mice were studied via micro-computed tomography (µCT) scans, biomechanical testing, histological and histomorphometric analysis, and protein expression analysis. Ocn-cretg/+;Ptenflox/flox mice had significantly stiffer and stronger intact bones relative to controls in all cohorts. They also had significantly stiffer healing bones at day 28 post-fracture (PF) and significantly stronger healing bones at days 14, 21, and 28 PF. At day 7 PF, the proximal and distal ends of the Pten mutant calluses were more ossified. By day 28 PF, Pten mutants had larger and more mineralized calluses. Pten mutants had improved intramembranous bone formation during healing originating from the periosteum. They also had improved endochondral bone formation later in the healing process, after mature osteoblasts are present in the callus. Our results indicate that the inhibition of Pten can improve fracture healing and that the local or short-term use of commercially available Pten-inhibiting agents may have clinical application for enhancing fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A. Burgers
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Martin F. Hoffmann
- Grand Rapids Medical Education Partners, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
- Trauma Center, Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Caitlyn J. Collins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Juraj Zahatnansky
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Martin A. Alvarado
- Creston High School, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
- Grand Rapids Area Pre-College Engineering Program, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Morris
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Debra L. Sietsema
- Trauma Center, Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James J. Mason
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Clifford B. Jones
- Trauma Center, Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Heidi L. Ploeg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bart O. Williams
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Miyoshi K, Yanagi S, Kawahara K, Nishio M, Tsubouchi H, Imazu Y, Koshida R, Matsumoto N, Taguchi A, Yamashita SI, Suzuki A, Nakazato M. Epithelial Pten controls acute lung injury and fibrosis by regulating alveolar epithelial cell integrity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 187:262-75. [PMID: 23239155 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201205-0851oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Injury to alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and to their repair process is integral to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The mechanisms regulating the integrity of AECs and their intrinsic regulators remain unclear. Pten is a tumor suppressor, and its function in epithelial cells during organ fibrosis is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of epithelial Pten in ALI and lung fibrosis. METHODS Bronchioalveolar epithelium-specific Pten-deleted SP-C-rtTA/(tetO)(7)-Cre/Pten(Δ/Δ) (SOPten(Δ/Δ)) mice were studied by structural, biochemical, and physiologic analyses and compared with wild-type mice. Further mechanistic studies were performed in vivo, in vitro, and on samples from patients with IPF. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SOPten(Δ/Δ) mice demonstrated exacerbated alveolar flooding and subsequent augmented lung scarring with enhanced disassembly of tight junctions (TJs) of AECs and degradation of basement membranes. The induction of dominant negative PTEN gene in lung epithelial cells led to augmented transforming growth factor-1-induced disruptions of TJs. Epithelial-derived myofibroblasts were increased in the epithelium-specific Pten-deficient mice. The lungs of bleomycin-treated SOPten(Δ/Δ) mice showed increased pAkt, pS6K, Snail, and matrix metalloproteinase expressions and decreased claudin-4, E-cadherin, and laminin-β1 expressions. Akt inactivation definitively saved SOPten(Δ/Δ) mice through amelioration of ALI and retention of AEC integrity. We detected a reduction of PTEN expression and AKT hyperactivation in the AECs of human IPF lungs. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight epithelial Pten as a crucial gatekeeper controlling ALI and lung fibrosis by modulating AEC integrity, and the Pten/PI3K/Akt pathway as a potential therapeutic target in these intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahori Miyoshi
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Zheng L, Chen X, Guo J, Sun H, Liu L, Shih DQ, Zhang X. Differential expression of PTEN in hepatic tissue and hepatic stellate cells during rat liver fibrosis and its reversal. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:1424-30. [PMID: 23041795 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the change in phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) expression in liver fibrogenesis, particularly the reversal of fibrogenic liver tissues, and to investigate the relation with the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vivo, a rat model of hepatic fibrosis was established by hypodermic injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mixed with olive oil at the concentration of 40% for 5 weeks (2 ml/kg, twice a week). Reversal of fibrosis was achieved with normal feedings for 4 weeks after CCl4 injection for 5 weeks. The expression of PTEN was measured by immunofluorescence, western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Co-expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) with PTEN and α-SMA with terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results displayed that the expression of PTEN was reduced with fibrosis in both rat liver tissues and activated HSCs. By contrast, PTEN expression was increased with the reversal of liver fibrosis. Compared to the fibrogenic state, there were increased numbers of apoptotic activated HSCs during reversal of fibrosis. These data suggest that the dynamic expression of PTEN in rat liver tissues is negatively correlated with liver fibrosis and activated HSCs and is positively correlated with reversal of fibrosis and apoptotic activated HSCs. Modulation of PTEN expression may be an effective and novel method for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Navina S, Acharya C, DeLany JP, Orlichenko LS, Baty CJ, Shiva SS, Durgampudi C, Karlsson JM, Lee K, Bae KT, Furlan A, Behari J, Liu S, McHale T, Nichols L, Papachristou GI, Yadav D, Singh VP. Lipotoxicity causes multisystem organ failure and exacerbates acute pancreatitis in obesity. Sci Transl Med 2012; 3:107ra110. [PMID: 22049070 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of adverse outcomes during acute critical illnesses such as burns, severe trauma, and acute pancreatitis. Although individuals with more body fat and higher serum cytokines and lipase are more likely to experience problems, the roles that these characteristics play are not clear. We used severe acute pancreatitis as a representative disease to investigate the effects of obesity on local organ function and systemic processes. In obese humans, we found that an increase in the volume of intrapancreatic adipocytes was associated with more extensive pancreatic necrosis during acute pancreatitis and that acute pancreatitis was associated with multisystem organ failure in obese individuals. In vitro studies of pancreatic acinar cells showed that unsaturated fatty acids were proinflammatory, releasing intracellular calcium, inhibiting mitochondrial complexes I and V, and causing necrosis. Saturated fatty acids had no such effects. Inhibition of lipolysis in obese (ob/ob) mice with induced pancreatitis prevented a rise in serum unsaturated fatty acids and prevented renal injury, lung injury, systemic inflammation, hypocalcemia, reduced pancreatic necrosis, and mortality. Thus, therapeutic approaches that target unsaturated fatty acid-mediated lipotoxicity may reduce adverse outcomes in obese patients with critical illnesses such as severe acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Navina
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Leikauf GD, Pope-Varsalona H, Concel VJ, Liu P, Bein K, Berndt A, Martin TM, Ganguly K, Jang AS, Brant KA, Dopico RA, Upadhyay S, Di YPP, Li Q, Hu Z, Vuga LJ, Medvedovic M, Kaminski N, You M, Alexander DC, McDunn JE, Prows DR, Knoell DL, Fabisiak JP. Integrative assessment of chlorine-induced acute lung injury in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:234-44. [PMID: 22447970 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0026oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis for the underlying individual susceptibility to chlorine-induced acute lung injury is unknown. To uncover the genetic basis and pathophysiological processes that could provide additional homeostatic capacities during lung injury, 40 inbred murine strains were exposed to chlorine, and haplotype association mapping was performed. The identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations were evaluated through transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling. Using ≥ 10% allelic frequency and ≥ 10% phenotype explained as threshold criteria, promoter SNPs that could eliminate putative transcriptional factor recognition sites in candidate genes were assessed by determining transcript levels through microarray and reverse real-time PCR during chlorine exposure. The mean survival time varied by approximately 5-fold among strains, and SNP associations were identified for 13 candidate genes on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 9, and 15. Microarrays revealed several differentially enriched pathways, including protein transport (decreased more in the sensitive C57BLKS/J lung) and protein catabolic process (increased more in the resistant C57BL/10J lung). Lung metabolomic profiling revealed 95 of the 280 metabolites measured were altered by chlorine exposure, and included alanine, which decreased more in the C57BLKS/J than in the C57BL/10J strain, and glutamine, which increased more in the C57BL/10J than in the C57BLKS/J strain. Genetic associations from haplotype mapping were strengthened by an integrated assessment using transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling. The leading candidate genes associated with increased susceptibility to acute lung injury in mice included Klf4, Sema7a, Tns1, Aacs, and a gene that encodes an amino acid carrier, Slc38a4.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3130, USA.
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Mihai C, Bao S, Lai JP, Ghadiali SN, Knoell DL. PTEN inhibition improves wound healing in lung epithelia through changes in cellular mechanics that enhance migration. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 302:L287-99. [PMID: 22037358 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00037.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt pathway is a vital survival axis in lung epithelia. We previously reported that inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a major suppressor of this pathway, results in enhanced wound repair following injury. However, the precise cellular and biomechanical mechanisms responsible for increased wound repair during PTEN inhibition are not yet well established. Using primary human lung epithelia and a related lung epithelial cell line, we first determined whether changes in migration or proliferation account for wound closure. Strikingly, we observed that cell migration accounts for the majority of wound recovery following PTEN inhibition in conjunction with activation of the Akt and ERK signaling pathways. We then used fluorescence and atomic force microscopy to investigate how PTEN inhibition alters the cytoskeletal and mechanical properties of the epithelial cell. PTEN inhibition did not significantly alter cytoskeletal structure but did result in large spatial variations in cell stiffness and in particular a decrease in cell stiffness near the wound edge. Biomechanical changes, as well as migration rates, were mediated by both the Akt and ERK pathways. Our results indicate that PTEN inhibition rapidly alters biochemical signaling events that in turn provoke alterations in biomechanical properties that enhance cell migration. Specifically, the reduced stiffness of PTEN-inhibited cells promotes larger deformations, resulting in a more migratory phenotype. We therefore conclude that increased wound closure consequent to PTEN inhibition occurs through enhancement of cell migration that is due to specific changes in the biomechanical properties of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Mihai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Abstract
Studies of epilepsy have mainly focused on the membrane proteins that control neuronal excitability. Recently, attention has been shifting to intracellular proteins and their interactions, signaling cascades and feedback regulation as they relate to epilepsy. The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signal transduction pathway, especially, has been suggested to play an important role in this regard. These pathways are involved in major physiological processes as well as in numerous pathological conditions. Here, involvement of the mTOR pathway in epilepsy will be reviewed by presenting; an overview of the pathway, a brief description of key signaling molecules, a summary of independent reports and possible implications of abnormalities of those molecules in epilepsy, a discussion of the lack of experimental data, and questions raised for the understanding its epileptogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Cho
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Wang Q, Wei Y, Mottamal M, Roberts MF, Krilov G. Understanding the stereospecific interactions of 3-deoxyphosphatidylinositol derivatives with the PTEN phosphatase domain. J Mol Graph Model 2010; 29:102-14. [PMID: 20538496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is an important control element of PI3K/AKT signaling involved in controlling the processes of embryonic development, cell migration and apoptosis. While its dysfunction is implicated in a large fraction of cancers, PTEN activity in the same pathway may also contribute to metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. In those cases, selective inhibitors of PTEN may be useful. A new class of chiral PTEN inhibitors based on the 3-deoxy-phosphatidylinositol derivatives was recently identified (Wang et al. [17]). However, lack of detailed understanding of protein-ligand interactions has hampered efforts to develop effective agonists or antagonists of PTEN. Here, we use computational modeling to characterize the interactions of the diverse 3-deoxyphosphatidylinositol inhibitors with the PTEN protein. We show that, while each of the compounds binds with the inositol headgroup inserting into the proposed active site of the PTEN phosphatase domain, hydrogen bonding restrictions lead to distinct binding geometries for ligand pairs of opposite chirality. We furthermore demonstrate that the binding modes differ primarily in the orientation of acyl tails of the ligands and that the activity of the compounds is primarily controlled by the effectiveness of tail-protein contacts. These findings are confirmed by binding affinity calculations which are in good agreement with experiment. Finally, we show that while more potent d-series ligands bind in a manner similar to that of the native substrate, an alternate hydrophobic pocket suitable for binding the opposite chirality l-series inhibitors exists, offering the possibility of designing highly selective PTEN-targeting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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Doughty-Shenton D, Joseph JD, Zhang J, Pagliarini DJ, Kim Y, Lu D, Dixon JE, Casey PJ. Pharmacological targeting of the mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 333:584-92. [PMID: 20167843 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.163329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play integral roles in the regulation of cell signaling. There is a need for new tools to study these phosphatases, and the identification of inhibitors potentially affords not only new means for their study, but also possible therapeutics for the treatment of diseases caused by their dysregulation. However, the identification of selective inhibitors of the protein phosphatases has proven somewhat difficult. PTP localized to mitochondrion 1 (PTPMT1) is a recently discovered dual-specificity phosphatase that has been implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion. Screening of a commercially available small-molecule library yielded alexidine dihydrochloride, a dibiguanide compound, as an effective and selective inhibitor of PTPMT1 with an in vitro concentration that inhibits response by 50% of 1.08 microM. A related dibiguanide analog, chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, also significantly inhibited PTPMT1, albeit with lower potency, while a monobiguanide analog showed very weak inhibition. Treatment of isolated rat pancreatic islets with alexidine dihydrochloride resulted in a dose-dependent increase in insulin secretion, whereas treatment of a pancreatic beta-cell line with the drug affected the phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins in a manner similar to genetic inhibition of PTPMT1. Furthermore, knockdown of PTPMT1 in rat islets rendered them insensitive to alexidine dihydrochloride treatment, providing evidence for mechanism-based activity of the inhibitor. Taken together, these studies establish alexidine dihydrochloride as an effective inhibitor of PTPMT1, both in vitro and in cells, and support the notion that PTPMT1 could serve as a pharmacological target in the treatment of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Doughty-Shenton
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710-3813, USA
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Church JE, Qian J, Kumar S, Black SM, Venema RC, Papapetropoulos A, Fulton DJR. Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by the lipid phosphatase PTEN. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 52:191-8. [PMID: 19962452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is a lipid phosphatase that functions as a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. The present study sought to examine in depth the interaction between PTEN and eNOS activity. Co-expression of eNOS and PTEN in COS-7 cells significantly decreased NO production compared to eNOS alone, while co-expression of eNOS and the dominant negative mutant PTEN(C124A) significantly increased NO production. Upon examination of the putative eNOS phosphorylation sites, phosphorylation of S116, T497, S617, S635 and S1179 was decreased by PTEN co-expression, while the dominant negative PTEN(C124A) produced an increase in phosphorylation of all sites except S116 and S635. A myristoylation-deficient eNOS construct with little dependence on phosphorylation state (G2AeNOS) was not significantly affected by co-expression with either PTEN or PTEN(C124A). Likewise, an eNOS construct with a triple phospho-null mutation (S617A, S635A and S1179A) was also unaffected by co-expression with either PTEN or PTEN(C124A). Purified PTEN or PTEN(C124A) failed to interact with purified eNOS in vitro, arguing against a direct interaction between PTEN and eNOS. When the PTEN constructs were expressed in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), PTEN significantly decreased NO production and PTEN(C124A) increased it, and both S617 and S1179 were altered by co-expression with the PTEN constructs. Increased expression of PTEN in endothelial cells did not influence superoxide production. We conclude that PTEN is a regulator of eNOS function both when expressed in COS-7 cells and in human endothelial cells, and does so via its effects on the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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