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Murad H, Ahmed O, Alqurashi T, Hussien M. Olmesartan medoxomil self-microemulsifying drug delivery system reverses apoptosis and improves cell adhesion in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2017-2028. [PMID: 35766160 PMCID: PMC9246205 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2086939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) is an angiotensin receptor blocker. This study aimed to investigate the effects of OM self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (OMS) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis in rats. Besides two control groups, five TNBS-colitic-treated groups (n = 8) were given orally sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/day), low and high doses of OM (3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day) (OML and OMH) and of OMS (OMSL and OMSH) for seven days. A colitis activity score was calculated. The colon was examined macroscopically. Colonic levels of myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione were measured. Plasma and colonic olmesartan levels were measured. Colonic sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, caspase-3, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Protein expression of E-cadherin, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and cleaved caspase-3 by Western blot was done. TNBS-colitic rats showed increased colonic myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, IL-6, and malondialdehyde, decreased colonic glutathione, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and protein expression alterations. OMS, compared with OM, dose-dependently achieved higher colonic free olmesartan concentration, showed better anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects, improved intestinal barrier, and decreased mucolytic activity. OMS more effectively up-regulated the reduced Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and E-cadherin expression, and down-regulated the overexpressed Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and MMP-9. OMSL exerted effects comparable to OMH. Sulfasalazine exerted maximal colonic protective effects and almost completely reversed colonic damage, and OMSH showed nearly similar effects with non-significant differences in-between or compared with the normal control group. In conclusion, OMS could be a potential additive treatment for Crohn's disease colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Shi WK, Liu YX, Qiu XY, Zhou JY, Zhou JL, Lin GL. Construction and validation of a novel Ferroptosis-related gene signature predictive model in rectal Cancer. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:764. [DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death, which plays an important role in various cancers. However, the correlation between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and prognosis in RC remains unclear.
Methods
Gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Rectum adenocarcinoma (TCGA-READ) and GSE87211 were downloaded. Clustering and functional enrichment were evaluated. A FRGs risk score was established based on the univariate Cox analysis and the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. K-M analysis and ROC analysis were conducted to determine prognostic values. qRT-PCR was performed to validate levels of mRNA expression. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to build a prognostic prediction model based on the risk score.
Results
Based on FRGs, RC patients were grouped into two clusters. In the functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes between the two clusters, immune-related pathways dominated. A novel FRGs signature with 14 genes related to the overall survival (OS) of RC was established. qRT-PCR of the 14 genes identified TP63, ISCU, PLIN4, MAP3K5, OXSR, FANCD2 and ATM were overexpressed in RC tissue; HSPB1, MAPK1, ABCC1, PANX1, MAPK9 and ATG7 were underexpressed; TUBE1 had no difference. The high-risk group had a significantly lower OS than the low-risk group (P < 0.001), and ROC curve analysis confirmed the signature’s predictive capacity. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the risk score and age were independent prognostic factors.
Conclusion
A novel FRGs model can be used to predict the prognosis in RC, as well as to guide individual treatment.
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Li Y, Chen QQ, Zhu WY, Deng F, Li DW, Li J, Wan J, Ling Hu EQ. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation worsens intestinal inflammation and microenvironment in PI3Kγ-knockout mice. Cell Immunol 2022; 380:104573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase γ Plays a Critical Role in Acute Kidney Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050772. [PMID: 35269396 PMCID: PMC8909888 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cells contribute to the pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the kidney are not well understood. In this study, we examined the effects of phosphoinositide 3 kinase γ (PI3Kγ) on inflammatory cells infiltration into the kidney in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Compared with wild-type mice, PI3Kγ knockout mice displayed less IRI in the kidney with fewer tubular apoptotic cell. Furthermore, PI3Kγ deficiency decreased the number of infiltrated neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells in the kidney, which was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the kidney. Moreover, wild-type mice treated with AS-605240, a selective PI3Kγ inhibitor, displayed less tubular damage, accumulated fewer inflammatory cells, and expressed less proinflammatory molecules in the kidney following IRI. These results demonstrate that PI3Kγ has a critical role in the pathogenesis of kidney damage in IRI, indicating that PI3Kγ inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury.
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Zhang S, Dai Q, Zhang B, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen D, Zong N, Wang H, Ding J, Gao Q, Wen Y. Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in combination with PI3K inhibitor reversed hyperglycemia in later-stage streptozotocin-induced diabetes. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1642. [PMID: 34988151 PMCID: PMC8667114 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multiple factor autoimmune disease characterized by T cell-mediated immune destruction of islet β cells. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has been a novel strategy for patients with new-onset T1D, but not for those with a later diagnosis. Disturbance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) likely contributes to poor response after transplantation in later-stage T1D. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt signaling maintains Tregs’ homeostasis. Methods We built a later-stage streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mouse model. Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (syn-BMT) was performed 20 days after the onset of diabetes in combination with BKM120 (a PI3K inhibitor). Meanwhile, another group of STZ-diabetic mice were transplanted with bone marrow cells cocultured with BKM120 in vitro for 24 h. Fasting glucose and glucose tolerance were recorded during the entire experimental observation after syn-BMT. Samples were collected 126 days after syn-BMT. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the effect of PI3K inhibitor combined with syn-BMT on morphology of the T1D pancreas. CD4+CD25− T cells and CD4+CD25+ T cells were sorted by magnetic cell sorting (MACS), then fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to detect the effect of PI3K inhibitor on modulating immune disorder and restoring the function of Treg cells. Results Our investigation showed syn-BMT in combination with BKM120 effectively maintained normoglycemia in later-stage T1D. The disease remission effects may be induced by the rebalance of Th17/Tregs dysregulation and restoration of Tregs’ immunosuppressive function by BKM120 after syn-BMT. Conclusions These results may reveal important connections for PI3K/Akt inhibition and Tregs’ homeostasis in T1D after transplantation. AHSCT combining immunoregulatory strategies such as PI3K inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach in later-stage T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Dai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixue Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongyue Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningning Zong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanting Wen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Fu Y, Ma G, Zhang Y, Wang W, Shi T, Zhu J, Zhang J, Huang Z, Chen J. HG-9-91-01 Attenuates Murine Experimental Colitis by Promoting Interleukin-10 Production in Colonic Macrophages Through the SIK/CRTC3 Pathway. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1821-1831. [PMID: 33988718 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis. As a novel synthetic inhibitor of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), HG-9-91-01 can effectively enhance IL-10 secretion at the cellular level, but its in vivo immunoregulatory effects remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of HG-9-91-01 in murine colitis models. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of HG-9-91-01 were evaluated on 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-, dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice, and IL-10 knockout chronic colitis mice. The in vivo effector cell of HG-9-91-01 was identified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The underlying mechanism of HG-9-91-01 was investigated via overexpressing SIKs in ANA-1 macrophages and TNBS colitis mice. RESULTS Treatment with HG-9-91-01 showed favorable anticolitis effects in both TNBS- and DSS-treated mice through significantly promoting IL-10 expression in colonic macrophages but failed to protect against IL-10 KO murine colitis. Further study indicated that HG-9-91-01 markedly enhanced the nuclear level of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3), whereas treatment with lentiviruses encoding SIK protein markedly decreased the nuclear CRTC3 level in HG-9-91-01-treated ANA-1 macrophages. In addition, intracolonic administration with lentiviruses encoding SIK protein significantly decreased the nuclear CRTC3 level in the lamina propria mononuclear cells and ended the anti-inflammatory activities of HG-9-91-01. CONCLUSIONS We found that HG-9-91-01 promoted the IL-10 expression of colonic macrophages and exhibited its anticolitis activity through the SIK/CRTC3 axis, and thus it may represent a promising strategy for inflammatory bowel disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gailing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Choo J, Heo G, Pothoulakis C, Im E. Posttranslational modifications as therapeutic targets for intestinal disorders. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105412. [PMID: 33412276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of biological processes are regulated by posttranslational modifications. Posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, and proteolytic cleavage, control diverse physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a better understanding of their implications in intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and colorectal cancer would provide a basis for the identification of novel biomarkers as well as attractive therapeutic targets. Posttranslational modifications can be common denominators, as well as distinct biomarkers, characterizing pathological differences of various intestinal diseases. This review provides experimental evidence that identifies changes in posttranslational modifications from patient samples, primary cells, or cell lines in intestinal disorders, and a summary of carefully selected information on the use of pharmacological modulators of protein modifications as therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Section of Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Human PI3Kγ deficiency and its microbiota-dependent mouse model reveal immunodeficiency and tissue immunopathology. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4364. [PMID: 31554793 PMCID: PMC6761123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-gamma (PI3Kγ) is highly expressed in leukocytes and is an attractive drug target for immune modulation. Different experimental systems have led to conflicting conclusions regarding inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of PI3Kγ. Here, we report a human patient with bi-allelic, loss-of-function mutations in PIK3CG resulting in absence of the p110γ catalytic subunit of PI3Kγ. She has a history of childhood-onset antibody defects, cytopenias, and T lymphocytic pneumonitis and colitis, with reduced peripheral blood memory B, memory CD8+ T, and regulatory T cells and increased CXCR3+ tissue-homing CD4 T cells. PI3Kγ-deficient macrophages and monocytes produce elevated inflammatory IL-12 and IL-23 in a GSK3α/β-dependent manner upon TLR stimulation. Pik3cg-deficient mice recapitulate major features of human disease after exposure to natural microbiota through co-housing with pet-store mice. Together, our results emphasize the physiological importance of PI3Kγ in restraining inflammation and promoting appropriate adaptive immune responses in both humans and mice.
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Wang K, Lv Q, Miao YM, Qiao SM, Dai Y, Wei ZF. Cardamonin, a natural flavone, alleviates inflammatory bowel disease by the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation via an AhR/Nrf2/NQO1 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:494-509. [PMID: 30071202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effect and underlying mechanisms of cardamonin, a natural flavone isolated from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata. The results showed that oral cardamonin significantly inhibited dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice, evidenced by improvement of disease activity index scores, myeloperoxidase activity, length shortening and histopathological changes of colons. A rectal administration of cardamonin also exhibited marked anti-colitis effect, suggesting that oral cardamonin might function in a prototype form. Cardamonin down-regulated levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, ASC, cleaved IL-1β in colons of colitis mice. In vitro, cardamonin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 and bone marrow-derived macrophages. It acted as an AhR activator, enhanced dissociation of AhR/HSP90 complexes, association of AhR/ARNT complexes, AhR nuclear translocation, XRE reporter gene activity, and AhR/ARNT/XRE DNA binding activity in THP-1 cells. The AhR antagonist CH223191 obviously abolished NLRP3 inflammasome activation inhibited by cardamonin. Furthermore, cardamonin elevated levels of Nrf2 and its target genes NQO1, Trx1, SOD2, HO-1, and the effect on NQO1 was the most obvious. The relationship of cardamonin-adjusted AhR activation, expressions of Nrf2 and NQO1, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was confirmed by using CH223191, siAhR, ML385 and siNQO1, respectively. Finally, CH223191 was shown to abolish amelioration of cardamonin on DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and up-regulation of Nrf2 and NQO1 levels in colons. Taken together, cardamonin ameliorated colitis in mice through the activation of AhR/Nrf2/NQO1 pathway and consequent inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Meng Miao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Si-Miao Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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T-Bet Is Dependent on Stat-4 Inhibiting Acute Colitis but Not Stat-1 Using L4 Somatic Antigen of Heligmosomoides polygyrus. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:8571920. [PMID: 29977172 PMCID: PMC6011060 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8571920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths may alter the immunoinflammatory reactions of colitis. Proteins derived from H. polygyrus have prospective therapy for colitis. The goal of this study was to interpret the protective mechanisms of L4 somatic antigen (LSA) from Heligmosomoides polygyrus against an inflammatory response to the pathogenesis of DNBS-induced colitis. Colitis was actuated in mice by rectal instillation of DNBS. The mice were randomly divided into five groups containing control, DNBS alone, and three groups, with different doses of LSA (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL), respectively. Mice initiated colitis by rectal administration of DNBS and after that were immunized with LSA for 14 days. Mice treated with LSA inhibited wasting disease compared with DNBS only group. The percentages of cells producing IFN-γ were reduced by LSA treatment. The level of T lymphocytes CD4+IFN-γ+ cells in the LPL was significantly diminished by LSA at both 100 and 200 μg/mL groups (p<0.05). The mRNA expression of T-bet was significantly declined in LSA immunized mice, but not RORγ-T mRNA, whereas GATA-3 expression tended to increase. The activation of STAT-4 significantly reduced LSA-treated mice but not STAT-1. It can be concluded that T-bet is required for optimal production of IFN-γ in colitis.
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11
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Koga T, Migita K, Sato T, Sato S, Umeda M, Nonaka F, Fukui S, Kawashiri SY, Iwamoto N, Ichinose K, Tamai M, Nakamura H, Origuchi T, Ueki Y, Masumoto J, Agematsu K, Yachie A, Yoshiura KI, Eguchi K, Kawakami A. MicroRNA-204-3p inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokines in familial Mediterranean fever via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ pathway. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:718-726. [PMID: 29294109 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We sought to identify the microRNA (miRNA) profile and potential biomarkers in FMF and to clarify their gene targets to elucidate the pathogenesis of FMF. Methods We performed an miRNA microarray using serum from FMF patients in attack and in remission. We then examined the expression of miRNAs in macrophages derived from THP-1 cells stimulated with toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Macrophages derived from THP-1 cells transfected with pre-miRNA were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) for the quantification of inflammatory cytokine production. To identify the target genes, we overexpressed their miRNA and performed a complementary DNA microarray. Transfection with reporter construct and the precursor miRNA was performed to confirm the suppression of target mRNA. Results We found that miR-204-3p was greatly decreased in the serum from FMF patients in attack. The expression of miR-204-3p was suppressed by LPS stimulation in the macrophages derived from THP-1 cells and the inhibition of miR-204-3p significantly induced the production of TLR4-related cytokines. The bioinformatic analysis showed that miR-204-3p is predicted to target genes implicated in the TLR pathway through the regulation of PI3Kγ signalling. The reporter assay revealed that miR-204-3p directly suppressed the luciferase activity of 3'-UTR of PIK3CG reporter construct. The inhibition of PI3Kγ resulted in decreased amounts of IL-6 and IL-12p40 in monocytes from FMF patients. Conclusion These data suggest that serum miR-204-3p has potential as a useful biomarker in FMF patients and that miR-204-3p serves as a suppressor of inflammatory cytokine production in FMF by targeting the PI3Kγ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Sato
- Nagasaki University Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nonaka
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Fukui
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Kawashiri
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ichinose
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mami Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukitaka Ueki
- Center for Rheumatic Disease, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Junya Masumoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazunaga Agematsu
- Department of Infectious Immunology, Shinshu University, Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsumi Eguchi
- Center for Rheumatic Disease, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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12
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Canonical PI3Kγ signaling in myeloid cells restricts Trypanosoma cruzi infection and dampens chagasic myocarditis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1513. [PMID: 29666415 PMCID: PMC5904108 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and is an important cause of severe inflammatory heart disease. However, the mechanisms driving Chagas disease cardiomyopathy have not been completely elucidated. Here, we show that the canonical PI3Kγ pathway is upregulated in both human chagasic hearts and hearts of acutely infected mice. PI3Kγ-deficient mice and mutant mice carrying catalytically inactive PI3Kγ are more susceptible to T. cruzi infection. The canonical PI3Kγ signaling in myeloid cells is essential to restrict T. cruzi heart parasitism and ultimately to avoid myocarditis, heart damage, and death of mice. Furthermore, high PIK3CG expression correlates with low parasitism in human Chagas’ hearts. In conclusion, these results indicate an essential role of the canonical PI3Kγ signaling pathway in the control of T. cruzi infection, providing further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of chagasic heart disease. Trypanosoma cruzi infection causes Chagas disease, but mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are unclear. Here, Silva et al. show that canonical PI3Kγ signaling in myeloid cells restricts T. cruzi infection in mice and that high PIK3CG expression correlates with low parasite levels in human Chagas’ hearts.
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PI3K p85α Subunit-deficient Macrophages Protect Mice from Acute Colitis due to the Enhancement of IL-10 Production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6187. [PMID: 28733636 PMCID: PMC5522489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of the PI3K p85α subunit in the development of acute colitis with a focus on intestinal macrophages. Experimental acute colitis was induced using 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. The severity of DSS-induced acute colitis was significantly attenuated in p85α hetero-deficient (p85α+/−) mice compared with WT mice. The expression of proinflammatory mediators in intestinal macrophages isolated from the inflamed colonic mucosa was significantly suppressed in p85α+/− colitis mice compared with WT colitis mice. Interestingly, we found that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from p85α+/− mice produced a significantly higher amount of IL-10 than BMDMs from WT mice. The adoptive transfer of p85α+/− BMDMs, but not WT BMDMs, significantly improved the severity in WT colitis mice, and this effect was reversed by anti-IL-10 antibody. Furthermore, the expression of IL-10 in the intestinal macrophages of p85α+/− normal colonic mucosa was significantly higher than that in the intestinal macrophages of WT normal colonic mucosa. The present results demonstrate that p85α+/− mice exhibit a reduced susceptibility to DSS-induced acute colitis. Our study suggests that a deficiency of PI3K p85α enhances the production of IL-10 in intestinal macrophages, thereby suppressing the development of DSS-induced acute colitis.
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Zingg JM, Azzi A, Meydani M. α-Tocopheryl Phosphate Induces VEGF Expression via CD36/PI3Kγ in THP-1 Monocytes. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1855-1867. [PMID: 28059487 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The CD36 scavenger receptor binds several ligands and mediates ligand uptake and ligand-dependent signal transduction and gene expression, events that may involve CD36 internalization. Here we show that CD36 internalization in THP-1 monocytes is triggered by α-tocopherol (αT) and more strongly by α-tocopheryl phosphate (αTP) and EPC-K1, a phosphate diester of αTP and L-ascorbic acid. αTP-triggered CD36 internalization is prevented by the specific covalent inhibitor of selective lipid transport by CD36, sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO). Moreover, SSO inhibited the CD36-mediated uptake of 14C-labelled αTP suggesting that αTP binding and internalization of CD36 is involved in cellular αTP uptake, whereas the uptake of αT was less affected. Similar to that, inhibition of selective lipid transport of the SR-BI scavenger receptor resulted mainly in reduction of αTP and not αT uptake. In contrast, uptake of αT was mainly inhibited by Dynasore, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, suggesting that the differential regulatory effects of αTP and αT on signaling may be influenced by their different routes of uptake. Interestingly, αTP and EPC-K1 also reduced the neutral lipid content of THP-1 cells and the phagocytosis of fluorescent Staphylococcus aureus bioparticles. Moreover, induction of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter activity by αTP occurred via CD36/PI3Kγ/Akt, as it could be inhibited by specific inhibitors of this pathway (SSO, Wortmannin, AS-605240). These results suggest that αTP activates PI3Kγ/Akt signaling leading to VEGF expression in monocytes after binding to and/or transport by CD36, a receptor known to modulate angiogenesis in response to amyloid beta, oxLDL, and thrombospondin. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1855-1867, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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15
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The Multifaceted Roles of PI3Kγ in Hypertension, Vascular Biology, and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111858. [PMID: 27834808 PMCID: PMC5133858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3Kγ is a multifaceted protein, crucially involved in cardiovascular and immune systems. Several studies described the biological and physiological functions of this enzyme in the regulation of cardiovascular system, while others stressed its role in the modulation of immunity. Although PI3Kγ has been historically investigated for its role in leukocytes, the last decade of research also dedicated efforts to explore its functions in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we report an overview recapitulating how PI3Kγ signaling participates in the regulation of vascular functions involved in blood pressure regulation. Moreover, we also summarize the main functions of PI3Kγ in immune responses that could be potentially important in the interaction with the cardiovascular system. Considering that vascular and immune mechanisms are increasingly emerging as intertwining players in hypertension, PI3Kγ could be an intriguing pathway acting on both sides. The availability of specific inhibitors introduces a perspective of further translational research and clinical approaches that could be exploited in hypertension.
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16
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Yamamoto T, Fujiwara K, Tsubota Y, Kageyama-Yahara N, Hayashi S, Kadowaki M. Induction of Regulatory T Cells as a Novel Mechanism Underlying the Therapeutic Action of Kakkonto, a Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine, in a Murine Food Allergy Model. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 169:146-56. [DOI: 10.1159/000445433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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17
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Liu WX, Wang Y, Sang LX, Zhang S, Wang T, Zhou F, Gu SZ. Chymase inhibitor TY-51469 in therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1826-1833. [PMID: 26855541 PMCID: PMC4724613 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i5.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of chymase inhibitor TY-51469 in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease and the underlying mechanism.
METHODS: Seventy-five healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the three groups (control group, model group and TY-51469 experiment group) and each group had twenty-five rats. The rats of the model group and experiment group were subjected to treatment with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 10 mg/kg to induce colitis. The control group and model group were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of saline, while the experiment group was subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg TY-51469 each day. Five rats of each group were sacrificed on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d, respectively. The degree of inflammation was assessed by histopathological scoring; flow cytometry was performed to detect the proportion of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in peripheral blood; colon tissues of rats were collected to measure mRNA and protein expression by PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry; serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and IL-17A were detected by ELISA.
RESULTS: The rats in the experiment group and model group had significantly more severe colitis than the ones in the control group (P < 0.05) before treatment on day 0; no significant difference was observed between the experiment group and model group (P > 0.05). After treatment with TY-51469, the rats in the experiment group had significantly less severe colitis compared with the model group on 7, 14, 21 and 28 d (P < 0.05). The proportion of CD4+CD25+ Tregs was lower in the model group and experiment group than in the control group; the experiment group had a significantly higher proportion of CD4+CD25+ Tregs than that in the model group (P < 0.05). The model group and experiment group demonstrated lower expression of Foxp3 than the control group; the experiment group had higher Foxp3 expression than the model group (P < 0.05). Cytokines IL-10, TGF-β1 and IL-17A were lower in the model group and experiment group than in the control group; the experiment group had higher expression than the model group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: After treatment with chymase inhibitor TY-51469, the experiment group demonstrated more significantly reduced intestinal inflammation and higher expression of immune tolerance related cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β1, IL-17A) and Foxp3 which is specifically expressed in Tregs compared with the model group. Therefore, chymase inhibitor TY-51469 might ameliorate the progression of DSS-induced colitis possibly by increasing the expression of Tregs and cytokines.
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18
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da Silva MD, Cidral-Filho FJ, Winkelmann-Duarte EC, Cargnin-Ferreira E, Calixto JB, Dutra RC, Santos ARS. Diacerein reduces joint damage, pain behavior and inhibits transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, matrix metalloproteinase and glial cells in rat spinal cord. Int J Rheum Dis 2015; 20:1337-1349. [PMID: 26481104 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the antinociceptive, antiedematogenic and chondroprotective effects of diacerein (DIA) in a model of joint inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), as well as to investigate the involvement of metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and glial cells in DIA's action mechanism. METHODS Complete Freund's adjuvant was injected into the knee joint of male rats. We observed mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, vocalization and spontaneous pain-related behaviors, as well as edema of the knee. Tissue samples of the knee were stained with Cason`s technique and the thickness of the condilus cartilage was measured. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on the spinal cord using anti-GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), anti-MMP and anti-TRPV1 antibodies. Sections of the dorsal horns of the spinal cord were captured and an optical density was obtained. RESULTS Complete Freund's adjuvant induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, as well as joint edema and changes in the synovial membrane and cartilage. DIA (30 mg/kg, orally, daily) significantly inhibited mechanical (58 ± 10-87 ± 3%) and thermal (66 ± 12-87 ± 8%) hypersensitivity, vocalization (83 ± 5-41 ± 11%), spontaneous pain score, joint swelling (60 ± 6-40 ± 9%), as well as the histological changes induced by CFA. In addition, DIA inhibited astrocyte activation, and prevented the increase of MMP-9 and TRPV1 expression in the spinal cord of the animals subjected to CFA injections. CONCLUSIONS In short, this study shows that DIA reduces joint damage and hypersensitivity associated with inflammation induced by CFA through the inhibition of astroglial activation and decreases the expression of TRPV1 and MMP-9 in the rat spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Duarte da Silva
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Cidral-Filho
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Elisa Cristina Winkelmann-Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cargnin-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Marcadores Histológicos, Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Garopaba, SC, Brazil
| | - João B Calixto
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos, Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Dutra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Laboratório de Autoimunidade e Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Santos
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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19
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Dutra R, Bicca M, Segat G, Silva K, Motta E, Pianowski L, Costa R, Calixto J. The antinociceptive effects of the tetracyclic triterpene euphol in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models: The potential role of PKCε. Neuroscience 2015; 303:126-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Lupieri A, Smirnova N, Malet N, Gayral S, Laffargue M. PI3K signaling in arterial diseases: Non redundant functions of the PI3K isoforms. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 59:4-18. [PMID: 26238239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death around the world. This includes atherosclerosis and the adverse effects of its treatment, such as restenosis and thrombotic complications. The development of these arterial pathologies requires a series of highly-intertwined interactions between immune and arterial cells, leading to specific inflammatory and fibroproliferative cellular responses. In the last few years, the study of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) functions has become an attractive area of investigation in the field of arterial diseases, especially since inhibitors of specific PI3K isoforms have been developed. The PI3K family includes 8 members divided into classes I, II or III depending on their substrate specificity. Although some of the different isoforms are responsible for the production of the same 3-phosphoinositides, they each have specific, non-redundant functions as a result of differences in expression levels in different cell types, activation mechanisms and specific subcellular locations. This review will focus on the functions of the different PI3K isoforms that are suspected as having protective or deleterious effects in both the various immune cells and types of cell found in the arterial wall. It will also discuss our current understanding in the context of which PI3K isoform(s) should be targeted for future therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat arterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Lupieri
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Natalia Smirnova
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Nicole Malet
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Stéphanie Gayral
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France.
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21
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Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory bowel disease: an update. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:964131. [PMID: 25948887 PMCID: PMC4408746 DOI: 10.1155/2015/964131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to be upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other inflammatory conditions, but while their involvement is clear, their role in many settings has yet to be determined. Studies of the involvement of MMPs in IBD since 2006 have revealed an array of immune and stromal cells which release the proteases in response to inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Through digestion of the extracellular matrix and cleavage of bioactive proteins, a huge diversity of roles have been revealed for the MMPs in IBD, where they have been shown to regulate epithelial barrier function, immune response, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and wound healing. For this reason, MMPs have been recognised as potential biomarkers for disease activity in IBD and inhibition remains a huge area of interest. This review describes new roles of MMPs in the pathophysiology of IBD and suggests future directions for the development of treatment strategies in this condition.
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22
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Zingg JM, Azzi A, Meydani M. Induction of VEGF Expression by Alpha-Tocopherol and Alpha-Tocopheryl Phosphate via PI3Kγ/PKB and hTAP1/SEC14L2-Mediated Lipid Exchange. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:398-407. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory; JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory; JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory; JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
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23
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Reyes JL, Wang A, Fernando MR, Graepel R, Leung G, van Rooijen N, Sigvardsson M, McKay DM. Splenic B cells from Hymenolepis diminuta-infected mice ameliorate colitis independent of T cells and via cooperation with macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:364-78. [PMID: 25452561 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasites provoke multicellular immune responses in their hosts that can suppress concomitant disease. The gut lumen-dwelling tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta, unlike other parasites assessed as helminth therapy, causes no host tissue damage while potently suppressing murine colitis. With the goal of harnessing the immunomodulatory capacity of infection with H. diminuta, we assessed the putative generation of anti-colitic regulatory B cells following H. diminuta infection. Splenic CD19(+) B cells isolated from mice infected 7 [HdBc(7(d))] and 14 d (but not 3 d) previously with H. diminuta and transferred to naive mice significantly reduced the severity of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-, oxazolone-, and dextran-sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Mechanistic studies with the DNBS model, revealed the anti-colitic HdBc(7(d)) was within the follicular B cell population and its phenotype was not dependent on IL-4 or IL-10. The HdBc(7(d)) were not characterized by increased expression of CD1d, CD5, CD23, or IL-10 production, but did spontaneously, and upon LPS plus anti-CD40 stimulation, produce more TGF-β than CD19(+) B cells from controls. DNBS-induced colitis in RAG1(-/-) mice was inhibited by administration of HdBc(7(d)), indicating a lack of a requirement for T and B cells in the recipient; however, depletion of macrophages in recipient mice abrogated the anti-colitic effect of HdBc(7(d)). Thus, in response to H. diminuta, a putatively unique splenic CD19(+) B cell with a functional immunoregulatory program is generated that promotes the suppression of colitis dominated by TH1, TH2, or TH1-plus-TH2 events, and may do so via the synthesis of TGF-β and the generation of, or cooperation with, a regulatory macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Reyes
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Arthur Wang
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Maria R Fernando
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rabea Graepel
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gabriella Leung
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Mikael Sigvardsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581-85, Sweden
| | - Derek M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada;
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Adenosine A1 receptor-dependent antinociception induced by inosine in mice: pharmacological, genetic and biochemical aspects. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1368-78. [PMID: 25064055 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inosine is an endogenous nucleoside that has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Inosine is a metabolite of adenosine, and some of its actions suggest the involvement of adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs). The purpose of this study was to better understand mechanisms of inosine-induced antinociception by investigating the role of A1Rs and purine metabolism inhibitors. Inosine antinociception was evaluated using the formalin test in mice. An A1R-selective antagonist (DPCPX), A1R knockout mice (gene deletion) and mice with A1R reduced expression (antisense oligonucleotides) were used to assess the role of A1Rs in the antinociceptive action of inosine. Binding assays were performed to compare the affinity of inosine and adenosine for A1Rs. Finally, the role of adenosine and inosine breakdown was assessed using deoxycoformycin (DCF) and forodesine (FDS) as enzymatic inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, respectively. Inosine induced antinociception in the formalin test when given by systemic, spinal and peripheral routes. Systemically, inosine exhibited a potency similar to adenosine, and its effects were inhibited by DPCPX. Inosine did not induce antinociception in A1R knockout mice or in mice with reduced A1R expression. In binding studies, inosine bound to A1Rs with an affinity similar to adenosine. DCF had no effect on inosine actions. FDS augmented the antinociceptive effect of a low systemic dose of inosine and, at a higher dose, induced antinociception by itself. Collectively, these data indicate that inosine is an agonist for A1Rs with antinociceptive properties and a potency similar to adenosine and can be considered another endogenous ligand for this receptor.
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25
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Zingg JM, Libinaki R, Meydani M, Azzi A. Modulation of phosphorylation of tocopherol and phosphatidylinositol by hTAP1/SEC14L2-mediated lipid exchange. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101550. [PMID: 24983950 PMCID: PMC4077815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin E derivative, alpha-tocopheryl phosphate (αTP), is detectable in cultured cells, plasma and tissues in small amounts, suggesting the existence of enzyme(s) with α-tocopherol (αT) kinase activity. Here, we characterize the production of αTP from αT and [γ-32P]-ATP in primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCA-SMC) using separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and subsequent analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). In addition to αT, although to a lower amount, also γT is phosphorylated. In THP-1 monocytes, γTP inhibits cell proliferation and reduces CD36 scavenger receptor expression more potently than αTP. Both αTP and γTP activate the promoter of the human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene with similar potency, whereas αT and γT had no significant effect. The recombinant human tocopherol associated protein 1 (hTAP1, hSEC14L2) binds both αT and αTP and stimulates phosphorylation of αT possibly by facilitating its transport and presentation to a putative αT kinase. Recombinant hTAP1 reduces the in vitro activity of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) indicating the formation of a stalled/inactive hTAP1/PI3Kγ heterodimer. The addition of αT, βT, γT, δT or αTP differentially stimulates PI3Kγ, suggesting facilitated egress of sequestered PI from hTAP1 to the enzyme. It is suggested that the continuous competitive exchange of different lipophilic ligands in hTAPs with cell enzymes and membranes may be a way to make these lipophiles more accessible as substrates for enzymes and as components of specific membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Roksan Libinaki
- Dept. Biochem. and Mol. Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Liu W, Guo W, Guo L, Gu Y, Cai P, Xie N, Yang X, Shu Y, Wu X, Sun Y, Xu Q. Andrographolide sulfonate ameliorates experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting Th1/Th17 response. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 20:337-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
The interplay of the immune system with other aspects of physiology is continually being revealed and in some cases studied in considerable mechanistic detail. A prime example is the influence of metabolic cues on immune responses. It is well appreciated that upon activation, T cells take on a metabolic profile profoundly distinct from that of their quiescent and anergic counterparts; however, a number of recent breakthroughs have greatly expanded our knowledge of how aspects of cellular metabolism can shape a T-cell response. Particularly important are findings that certain environmental cues can tilt the delicate balance between inflammation and immune tolerance by skewing T-cell fate decisions toward either the T-helper 17 (Th17) or T-regulatory (Treg) cell lineage. Recognizing the unappreciated immune-modifying potential of metabolic factors and particularly those involved in the generation of these functionally opposing T-cell subsets will likely add new and potent therapies to our repertoire for treating immune mediated pathologies. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent findings linking certain metabolic pathways, enzymes, and by-products to shifts in the balance between Th17 and Treg cell populations. These advances highlight numerous opportunities for immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Barbi
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Schwanke RC, Marcon R, Meotti FC, Bento AF, Dutra RC, Pizzollatti MG, Calixto JB. Oral administration of the flavonoid myricitrin prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice through modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1938-49. [PMID: 23861337 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We investigated the protective effect of the flavonoid myricitrin in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis as promising candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis which is considered an important worldwide public health problem. METHODS AND RESULTS Male CD1 mice were provided with a solution of filtered water containing 3% w/v DSS ad libitum over a 5-day period followed by 2 days with normal drinking water. Myricitrin was administered orally, once a day, at the doses 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg of body weight. At the end of day 7th, the animals were euthanized and the colonic tissue was collected to be analyzed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Our results showed that oral treatment with myricitrin exerts consistent anti-inflammatory action in DSS-induced acute colitis in mice by the inhibition of the Akt/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent phosphorylation. Consequently, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) p38, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and of the nuclear factor B (NF-κB) was reduced and prevented an increase in the cytokines/chemokines levels. CONCLUSION Together, these data reveal that the anti-inflammatory effect of myricitrin in DSS-induced colitis in mice is likely associated with its ability to prevent the activation of upstream kinases, such as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent Akt, NF-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cristina Schwanke
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Loss of phosphoinositide 3-kinase P110γ is protective in the acute phase but detrimental in the resolution phase of hapten-induced colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:489-500. [PMID: 23282580 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e31827feb84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) has been shown to be protective against experimental colitis. However, the role of PI3Kγ in the resolution phase of colitis remains unexplored. In this study, we assess the effects of genetic knockout of PI3Kγ on the induction and resolution of colitis induced by the hapten trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). METHODS Colitis was induced in wild-type C57/Bl6 or PI3Kγ-/- mice by intrarectal administration of 2.5 mg of TNBS in 50% ethanol. Body weights were monitored daily, and colon tissues were collected at days 3, 7, or 14 after treatment, and colitis was assessed using disease activity and histologic damage scores, measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase and neutrophil infiltration, and local cytokine production. RESULTS Mice lacking PI3Kγ were significantly protected from disease during the acute phase (day 3) of TNBS colitis. However, PI3Kγ-/- mice have difficulty resolving acute inflammation because they failed to restore lost weight and had significantly elevated histologic damage scores and tissue myeloperoxidase levels at days 7 and 14 after TNBS administration compared with wild-type controls. This phenomenon was dependent on presensitization with TNBS and seems to involve an inability to clear invading bacteria, resulting in the generation of a persistent inflammatory cytokine response. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that PI3Kγ plays a role in the induction of colitis. However, PI3Kγ is also required for the resolution of intestinal damage following acute inflammation. This must be taken into consideration before the inhibition of PI3Kγ can be used as a treatment for disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Han JM, Patterson SJ, Levings MK. The Role of the PI3K Signaling Pathway in CD4(+) T Cell Differentiation and Function. Front Immunol 2012; 3:245. [PMID: 22905034 PMCID: PMC3417165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative activity of regulatory versus conventional CD4(+) T cells ultimately maintains the delicate balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. At the molecular level, the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream positive and negative regulators has a major role in controlling the balance between immune regulation and activation of different subsets of effector CD4(+) T cells. In contrast to effector T cells which require activation of the PI3K to differentiate and mediate their effector function, regulatory T cells rely on minimal activation of this pathway to develop and maintain their characteristic phenotype, function, and metabolic state. In this review, we discuss the role of the PI3K signaling pathway in CD4(+) T cell differentiation and function, and focus on how modulation of this pathway in T cells can alter the outcome of an immune response, ultimately tipping the balance between tolerance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Han
- Department of Surgery, Child and Family Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
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The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in intestinal inflammation. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2012; 2012:358476. [PMID: 22570785 PMCID: PMC3337621 DOI: 10.1155/2012/358476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway plays a central role in regulating the host inflammatory response. The net effect can either be pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on the system and cellular context studied. This paper focuses on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in innate and adaptive immune cells of the intestinal mucosa. The role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease is also discussed. With the development of new isoform specific inhibitors, we are beginning to understand the specific role of this complex pathway, in particular the role of the γ isoform in intestinal inflammation. Continued research on this complex pathway will enhance our understanding of its role and provide rationale for the design of new approaches to intervention in chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Dutra RC, Leite DFP, Bento AF, Manjavachi MN, Patrício ES, Figueiredo CP, Pesquero JB, Calixto JB. The role of kinin receptors in preventing neuroinflammation and its clinical severity during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27875. [PMID: 22132157 PMCID: PMC3222659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and neuroinflammatory disease of the human central nervous system (CNS). The expression of kinins is increased in MS patients, but the underlying mechanisms by which the kinin receptor regulates MS development have not been elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35–55 peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant and injected with pertussis toxin on day 0 and day 2. Here, we report that blockade of the B1R in the induction phase of EAE markedly suppressed its progression by interfering with the onset of the immune response. Furthermore, B1R antagonist suppressed the production/expression of antigen-specific TH1 and TH17 cytokines and transcription factors, both in the periphery and in the CNS. In the chronic phase of EAE, the blockade of B1R consistently impaired the clinical progression of EAE. Conversely, administration of the B1R agonist in the acute phase of EAE suppressed disease progression and inhibited the increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and any further CNS inflammation. Of note, blockade of the B2R only showed a moderate impact on all of the studied parameters of EAE progression. Conclusions/Significance Our results strongly suggest that kinin receptors, mainly the B1R subtype, play a dual role in EAE progression depending on the phase of treatment through the lymphocytes and glial cell-dependent pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chronic Disease
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/complications
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Inflammation/complications
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Biological
- Myelin Sheath/metabolism
- Receptors, Bradykinin/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C. Dutra
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniela F. P. Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Allisson F. Bento
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marianne N. Manjavachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eliziane S. Patrício
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cláudia P. Figueiredo
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João B. Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João B. Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Dutra RC, Claudino RF, Bento AF, Marcon R, Schmidt ÉC, Bouzon ZL, Pianowski LF, Calixto JB. Preventive and therapeutic euphol treatment attenuates experimental colitis in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27122. [PMID: 22073270 PMCID: PMC3206917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tetracyclic triterpene euphol is the main constituent found in the sap of Euphorbia tirucalli. This plant is widely known in Brazilian traditional medicine for its use in the treatment of several kinds of cancer, including leukaemia, prostate and breast cancers. Here, we investigated the effect of euphol on experimental models of colitis and the underlying mechanisms involved in its action. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Colitis was induced in mice either with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and the effect of euphol (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) on colonic injury was assessed. Pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by immunohistochemistry, enzyme-Linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Preventive and therapeutic oral administration of euphol attenuated both DSS- and TNBS-induced acute colitis as observed by a significant reduction of the disease activity index (DAI), histological/microscopic damage score and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colonic tissue. Likewise, euphol treatment also inhibited colon tissue levels and expression of IL-1β, CXCL1/KC, MCP-1, MIP-2, TNF-α and IL-6, while reducing NOS2, VEGF and Ki67 expression in colonic tissue. This action seems to be likely associated with inhibition of activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In addition, euphol decreased LPS-induced MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ, but increased IL-10 secretion from bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. Of note, euphol, at the same schedule of treatment, markedly inhibited both selectin (P- and E-selectin) and integrin (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and LFA-1) expression in colonic tissue. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Together, these results clearly demonstrated that orally-administered euphol, both preventive or therapeutic treatment were effective in reducing the severity of colitis in two models of chemically-induced mouse colitis and suggest this plant-derived compound might be a potential molecule in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C. Dutra
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafaela F. Claudino
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Allisson F. Bento
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Marcon
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Éder C. Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L. Bouzon
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - João B. Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Peterson TC, Peterson MR, Raoul JM. The effect of pentoxifylline and its metabolite-1 on inflammation and fibrosis in the TNBS model of colitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 662:47-54. [PMID: 21554874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TNBS-induced colitis has characteristics resembling human Crohn's disease including transmural inflammation, ulceration, and fibrosis. Current treatments target acute symptoms but do not necessarily prevent fibrotic complications of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pentoxifylline and its primary metabolite (M-1) on fibrosis in the TNBS-induced colitis model. Myeloperoxidase activity and interleukin-18 are indicators of inflammation and were elevated in the TNBS model. The morphology damage score assesses colon damage and was also elevated in the TNBS model. Collagen as the indicator of fibrosis was quantified and visualized by the Sirius Red/Fast Green staining technique and collagen type I was assessed by Western analysis. Collagen was elevated in the TNBS-induced model. Pentoxifylline and M-1 treatment significantly attenuated colon damage and inflammation in TNBS-colitis (P<0.05). M-1 treatment significantly reduced the TNBS-induced increase in colon weight, colon thickness and total collagen content (P<0.05). Results suggest that pentoxifylline and M-1 inhibit intestinal fibrosis in this experimental model and may prove beneficial in the treatment of intestinal fibrosis associated with human Crohn's disease with the added benefit of inhibiting inflammation and ulceration. This is the first study to examine the effects of racemic M-1 in vivo and one of the few studies to examine the effect of drugs on both inflammation and fibrosis in an experimental model of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa C Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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