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Cai H, Chen S, Sun Y, Zheng T, Liu Y, Tao J, Zhang Y. Interleukin-22 receptor 1-mediated stimulation of T-type Ca 2+ channels enhances sensory neuronal excitability through the tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn-dependent PKA pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:307. [PMID: 38831315 PMCID: PMC11145867 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 24 (IL-24) has been implicated in the nociceptive signaling. However, direct evidence and the precise molecular mechanism underlying IL-24's role in peripheral nociception remain unclear. METHODS Using patch clamp recording, molecular biological analysis, immunofluorescence labeling, siRNA-mediated knockdown approach and behavior tests, we elucidated the effects of IL-24 on sensory neuronal excitability and peripheral pain sensitivity mediated by T-type Ca2+ channels (T-type channels). RESULTS IL-24 enhances T-type channel currents (T-currents) in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons in a reversible and dose-dependent manner, primarily by activating the interleukin-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1). Furthermore, we found that the IL-24-induced T-type channel response is mediated through tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn, but not its common downstream target JAK1. IL-24 application significantly activated protein kinase A; this effect was independent of cAMP and prevented by Lyn antagonism. Inhibition of PKA prevented the IL-24-induced T-current response, whereas inhibition of protein kinase C or MAPK kinases had no effect. Functionally, IL-24 increased TG neuronal excitability and enhanced pain sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in mice, both of which were suppressed by blocking T-type channels. In a trigeminal neuropathic pain model induced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve, inhibiting IL-22R1 signaling alleviated mechanical allodynia, which was reversed by blocking T-type channels or knocking down Cav3.2. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that IL-24 enhances T-currents by stimulating IL-22R1 coupled to Lyn-dependent PKA signaling, leading to TG neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity. Understanding the mechanism of IL-24/IL-22R1 signaling in sensory neurons may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cai
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yulu Liu
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, P.R. China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.
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2
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Wang Q, Ye Y, Yang L, Xiao L, Liu J, Zhang W, Du G. Painful diabetic neuropathy: The role of ion channels. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116417. [PMID: 38490158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common chronic complication of diabetes that causes neuropathic pain and negatively affects the quality of life. The management of PDN is far from satisfactory. At present, interventions are primarily focused on symptomatic treatment. Ion channel disorders are a major cause of PDN, and a complete understanding of their roles and mechanisms may provide better options for the clinical treatment of PDN. Therefore, this review summarizes the important role of ion channels in PDN and the current drug development targeting these ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linghui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lifan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guizhi Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Gammoh OS. Dysmenorrhea severity in war refugees with hypertension: a cross-talk with antihypertensives and analgesics. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:432-437. [PMID: 38974256 PMCID: PMC11225439 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i4.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological condition among women of reproductive age. Investigating the cross-talk between hypertension and dysmenorrhea is attractive and understudied, moreover, menstrual health is poorly studied in refugees. Objectives The present study aims at examining the association between dysmenorrhea severity and antihypertensives and analgesics namely acetaminophen and Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) used by traumatized Syrian war refugees with hypertension. Methods This is a cross-sectional study recruiting Syrian female refugees with hypertension. A structured questionnaire probed their demographics and clinical data. Dysmenorrhea severity was assessed using the WaLIDD (working ability, location, intensity, days of pain, dysmenorrhea) self-report scale. Results Data were analysed from 125 patients, almost half were diabetic, 47 (37.6%) had dyslipidemia, 59 (47%) reported using β-blockers, 56 (44.8%) reported using ACEIs/ARBs, 43 (34.2) reported using CCBs and 30 (25%) were using diuretics. According to the multivariate binary logistic regression, severe dysmenorrhea was associated with acetaminophen OR 6.5, 95%CI (1.39-30.55), p=0.02 and NSAIDs use OR 2.97, 95%CI (1.28-6.89), p=0.02. Antihypertensive drugs were not associated with dysmenorrhea severity. Conclusion Determinants of severe dysmenorrhea in patients with hypertension need more study, herein we report that analgesics but not antihypertensives are not associated with dysmenorrhea severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Salem Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University -Irbid, Jordan
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4
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Cho PG, Jang JH, Ko S, Shin DA, Chung S, Chang MC. The Effect of Evogliptin Tartrate on Controlling Inflammatory Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2990. [PMID: 38001990 PMCID: PMC10669149 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Evogliptin tartrate inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), boosting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion and improving insulin release and glucose tolerance, while also exerting anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into (N = 10 in each): (1) naïve, (2) complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) inflammation + evogliptin tartrate (once for 10 mg/kg) (CFAE), (3) CFA + vehicle (same volume with normal saline with evogliptin tartrate/once) (CFAV), and (4) CFA + indomethacin (5 mg/mL/kg/1 time) (CFAI) groups. CFA was injected subcutaneously into rat plantar regions, and medications (evogliptin tartrate, vehicle, and indomethacin) were administered orally for 5 days. Post treatment, blood from the heart and plantar inflammatory tissue were collected to assess inflammatory cytokines. Evogliptin tartrate effects on controlling inflammation and pain were evaluated by measuring rat plantar paw thickness, paw withdrawal threshold, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) resting membrane potential, DRG action potential firing, and cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) levels. Results: Compared with the naïve group, plantar paw thickness, cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) levels, DRG resting membrane potential, and DRG action potential firing increased, whereas the paw withdrawal threshold decreased in all CFA groups. However, CFAE and CFAI rats showed recovery. The degree of CFAE recovery resembled that observed in the CFAI group. Conclusions: Evogliptin tartrate mirrored the anti-inflammatory pain relief of indomethacin. We aim to broaden its use as an anti-inflammatory drug or pain relief drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyung Goo Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon-si 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun Ho Jang
- BnH Research Co., Ltd., Goyang-si 10594, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sukjin Ko
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Ah Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seungsoo Chung
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
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Ivasiuk A, Matvieienko M, Kononenko NI, Duzhyy DE, Korogod SM, Voitenko N, Belan P. Diabetes-Induced Amplification of Nociceptive DRG Neuron Output by Upregulation of Somatic T-Type Ca 2+ Channels. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1320. [PMID: 37759720 PMCID: PMC10526307 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of pain symptoms in peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is associated with the upregulation of T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) in the soma of nociceptive DRG neurons. Moreover, a block of these channels in DRG neurons effectively reversed mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in animal diabetic models, indicating that T-channel functioning in these neurons is causally linked to PDN. However, no particular mechanisms relating the upregulation of T-channels in the soma of nociceptive DRG neurons to the pathological pain processing in PDN have been suggested. Here we have electrophysiologically identified voltage-gated currents expressed in nociceptive DRG neurons and developed a computation model of the neurons, including peripheral and central axons. Simulations showed substantially stronger sensitivity of neuronal excitability to diabetes-induced T-channel upregulation at the normal body temperature compared to the ambient one. We also found that upregulation of somatic T-channels, observed in these neurons under diabetic conditions, amplifies a single action potential invading the soma from the periphery into a burst of multiple action potentials further propagated to the end of the central axon. We have concluded that the somatic T-channel-dependent amplification of the peripheral nociceptive input to the spinal cord demonstrated in this work may underlie abnormal nociception at different stages of diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsentii Ivasiuk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.I.); (M.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Maksym Matvieienko
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.I.); (M.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Nikolai I. Kononenko
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.I.); (M.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Dmytro E. Duzhyy
- Department of Sensory Signaling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Sergiy M. Korogod
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.I.); (M.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Nana Voitenko
- Department of Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Kyiv Academic University of NAS of Ukraine, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Research Center, Dobrobut Academy Medical School, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavel Belan
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.I.); (M.M.); (N.I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Kyiv Academic University of NAS of Ukraine, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
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6
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Zhang Y, Wei Y, Zheng T, Tao Y, Sun Y, Jiang D, Tao J. Adiponectin receptor 1-mediated stimulation of Cav3.2 channels in trigeminal ganglion neurons induces nociceptive behaviors in mice. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:117. [PMID: 37620777 PMCID: PMC10463856 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines, including adiponectin, are implicated in nociceptive pain; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS Using electrophysiological recording, immunostaining, molecular biological approaches and animal behaviour tests, we elucidated a pivotal role of adiponectin in regulating membrane excitability and pain sensitivity by manipulating Cav3.2 channels in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. RESULTS Adiponectin enhanced T-type Ca2+ channel currents (IT) in TG neurons through the activation of adiponectin receptor 1 (adipoR1) but independently of heterotrimeric G protein-mediated signaling. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed a physical association between AdipoR1 and casein kinase II alpha-subunits (CK2α) in the TG, and inhibiting CK2 activity by chemical inhibitor or siRNA targeting CK2α prevented the adiponectin-induced IT response. Adiponectin significantly activated protein kinase C (PKC), and this effect was abrogated by CK2α knockdown. Adiponectin increased the membrane abundance of PKC beta1 (PKCβ1). Blocking PKCβ1 pharmacologically or genetically abrogated the adiponectin-induced IT increase. In heterologous expression systems, activation of adipoR1 induced a selective enhancement of Cav3.2 channel currents, dependent on PKCβ1 signaling. Functionally, adiponectin increased TG neuronal excitability and induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity, both attenuated by T-type channel blockade. In a trigeminal neuralgia model induced by chronic constriction injury of infraorbital nerve, blockade of adipoR1 signaling suppressed mechanical allodynia, which was prevented by silencing Cav3.2. CONCLUSION Our study elucidates a novel signaling cascade wherein adiponectin stimulates TG Cav3.2 channels via adipoR1 coupled to a novel CK2α-dependent PKCβ1. This process induces neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity. Insight into adipoR-Cav3.2 signaling in sensory neurons provides attractive targets for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease & Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215004 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease & Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People’s Republic of China
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Sekiguchi F, Koike N, Shimada Y, Sugimoto K, Masuda H, Nakamura T, Yamaguchi H, Tanabe G, Marumoto S, Kasanami Y, Tsubota M, Ohkubo T, Yoshida S, Kawabata A. A hydrolysate of poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl)germasesquioxane] (Ge-132) suppresses Ca v3.2-dependent pain by sequestering exogenous and endogenous sulfide. Redox Biol 2023; 59:102579. [PMID: 36563535 PMCID: PMC9800310 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl)germasesquioxane] (Ge-132), an organogermanium, is hydrolyzed to 3-(trihydroxygermyl)propanoic acid (THGP) in aqueous solutions, and reduces inflammation, pain and cancer, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Sulfides including H2S, a gasotransmitter, generated from l-cysteine by some enzymes including cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), are pro-nociceptive, since they enhance Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel activity expressed in the primary afferents, most probably by canceling the channel inhibition by Zn2+ linked via coordinate bonding to His191 of Cav3.2. Given that germanium is reactive to sulfur, we tested whether THGP would directly trap sulfide, and inhibit sulfide-induced enhancement of Cav3.2 activity and sulfide-dependent pain in mice. Using mass spectrometry and 1H NMR techniques, we demonstrated that THGP directly reacted with sulfides including Na2S and NaSH, and formed a sulfur-containing reaction product, which decreased in the presence of ZnCl2. In Cav3.2-transfected HEK293 cells, THGP inhibited the sulfide-induced enhancement of T-type Ca2+ channel-dependent membrane currents. In mice, THGP, administered systemically or locally, inhibited the mechanical allodynia caused by intraplantar Na2S. In the mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and cerulein-induced pancreatitis, which exhibited upregulation of CSE in the bladder and pancreas, respectively, systemic administration of THGP as well as a selective T-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor suppressed the cystitis-related and pancreatitis-related visceral pain. These data suggest that THGP traps sulfide and inhibits sulfide-induced enhancement of Cav3.2 activity, leading to suppression of Cav3.2-dependent pain caused by sulfide applied exogenously and generated endogenously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Nene Koike
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimada
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd., Suzuranoka, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 042-0958, Japan
| | - Kaho Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd., Suzuranoka, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 042-0958, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Iida-nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital, Iida-nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Marumoto
- Joint Research Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kasanami
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyako Ohkubo
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences and Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Fukuoka Nursing College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yoshida
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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8
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Picard E, Kerckhove N, François A, Boudieu L, Billard E, Carvalho FA, Bogard G, Gosset P, Bourdier J, Aissouni Y, Bourinet E, Eschalier A, Daulhac L, Mallet C. Role of T CD4 + cells, macrophages, C-low threshold mechanoreceptors and spinal Ca v 3.2 channels in inflammation and related pain-like symptoms in murine inflammatory models. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:385-400. [PMID: 36131381 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE T-type calcium channels, mainly the Cav 3.2 subtype, are important contributors to the nociceptive signalling pathway. We investigated their involvement in inflammation and related pain-like symptoms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The involvement of Cav 3.2 and T-type channels was investigated using genetic and pharmacological inhibition to assess mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia and oedema development in two murine inflammatory pain models. The location of Cav 3.2 channels involved in pain-like symptoms was studied in mice with Cav 3.2 knocked out in C-low threshold mechanoreceptors (C-LTMR) and the use of ABT-639, a peripherally restricted T-type channel inhibitor. The anti-oedema effect of Cav 3.2 channel inhibition was investigated in chimeric mice with immune cells deleted for Cav 3.2. Lymphocytes and macrophages from either green fluorescent protein-targeted Cav 3.2 or KO mice were used to determine the expression of Cav 3.2 protein and the functional status of the cells. KEY RESULTS Cav 3.2 channels contributed to the development of pain-like symptoms and oedema in the two murine inflammatory pain models. Our results provided evidence of the involvement of Cav 3.2 channels located on C-LTMRs and spinal cord in inflammatory pain. Cav 3.2 channels located in T cells and macrophages contribute to the inflammatory process. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Cav 3.2 channels play crucial roles in inflammation and related pain, implying that targeting of Cav 3.2 channels with pharmacological agents could be an attractive and readily evaluable strategy in clinical trials, to relieve chronic inflammatory pain in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Picard
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inserm, U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Kerckhove
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Medical Pharmacology Department, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amaury François
- CNRS, INSERM, IGF, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludivine Boudieu
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Billard
- Inserm U1071, INRA USC2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Antonio Carvalho
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gemma Bogard
- Inserm, U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Inserm, U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Justine Bourdier
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Youssef Aissouni
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alain Eschalier
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurence Daulhac
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Mallet
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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9
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Vitamin C Modes of Action in Calcium-Involved Signaling in the Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020231. [PMID: 36829790 PMCID: PMC9952025 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is well known for its potent antioxidant properties, as it can neutralize ROS and free radicals, thereby protecting cellular elements from oxidative stress. It predominantly exists as an ascorbate anion and after oxidation to dehydroascorbic acid and further breakdown, is removed from the cells. In nervous tissue, a progressive decrease in vitamin C level or its prolonged deficiency have been associated with an increased risk of disturbances in neurotransmission, leading to dysregulation in brain function. Therefore, understanding the regulatory function of vitamin C in antioxidant defence and identification of its molecular targets deserves more attention. One of the key signalling ions is calcium and a transient rise in its concentration is crucial for all neuronal processes. Extracellular Ca2+ influx (through specific ion channels) or Ca2+ release from intracellular stores (endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) are precisely controlled. Ca2+ regulates the functioning of the CNS, including growth, development, myelin formation, synthesis of catecholamines, modulation of neurotransmission and antioxidant protection. A growing body of evidence indicates a unique role for vitamin C in these processes. In this short review, we focus on vitamin C in the regulation of calcium-involved pathways under physiological and stress conditions in the brain.
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10
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Calderon-Rivera A, Gomez K, Loya-López S, Wijeratne EK, Stratton H, Tang C, Duran P, Masterson K, Alsbiei O, Gunatilaka AL, Khanna R. Betulinic acid analogs inhibit N- and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels to attenuate nerve-injury associated neuropathic and formalin models of pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100116. [PMID: 36687466 PMCID: PMC9853350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, there has been a significant growth in the use of natural products, with approximately 80% of individuals using them for some aspect of primary healthcare. Our laboratories have identified and studied natural compounds with analgesic effects from dry land plants or their associated fungus during the past ten years. Here, we isolated and characterized thirteen betulin analogs and fifteen betulinic acid analogs for their capacity to prevent calcium influx brought on by depolarization in sensory neurons. The in vitro inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels by the top drugs was then assessed using whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology. In vivo experiments, conducted at two sites, evaluated the best compound in acute and tonic, neuropathic, inflammatory, post-operative and visceral models of pain. We found that the betulinic acid analog 8 inhibited calcium influx in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons by inhibiting N- (CaV2.2) and T- (CaV3) type voltage-gated calcium channels. Moreover, intrathecal delivery of analog 8 had analgesic activity in both spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain and acute and tonic pain induced by formalin. The results presented herein highlight the potential antinociceptive properties of betulinic acid analog 8 and set the stage for the development of novel non-opioid pain therapeutics based on the triterpenoid scaffold of betulinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santiago Loya-López
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Harrison Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kyleigh Masterson
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Omar Alsbiei
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - A.A. Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Jin Y, Mao Y, Chen D, Tai Y, Hu R, Yang CL, Zhou J, Chen L, Liu X, Gu E, Jia C, Zhang Z, Tao W. Thalamocortical circuits drive remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158742. [PMID: 36519547 PMCID: PMC9754001 DOI: 10.1172/jci158742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH) is a severe but common postoperative clinical problem with elusive underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we discovered that glutamatergic neurons in the thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPLGlu) exhibited significantly elevated burst firing accompanied by upregulation of Cav3.1 T-type calcium channel expression and function in RIH model mice. In addition, we identified a glutamatergic neuronal thalamocortical circuit in the VPL projecting to hindlimb primary somatosensory cortex glutamatergic neurons (S1HLGlu) that mediated RIH. In vivo calcium imaging and multi-tetrode recordings revealed heightened S1HLGlu neuronal activity during RIH. Moreover, preoperative suppression of Cav3.1-dependent burst firing in VPLGlu neurons or chemogenetic inhibition of VPLGlu neuronal terminals in the S1HL abolished the increased S1HLGlu neuronal excitability while alleviating RIH. Our findings suggest that remifentanil induces postoperative hyperalgesia by upregulating T-type calcium channel-dependent burst firing in VPLGlu neurons to activate S1HLGlu neurons, thus revealing an ion channel-mediated neural circuit basis for RIH that can guide analgesic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology and,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology and,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Yingju Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen-Ling Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of head, neck, and breast Surgery, Western district of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Lijian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Erwei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chunhui Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjuan Tao
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology and,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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12
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Akbar I, Radhakrishnan S, Meenakshisundaram K, Manilal A, Hatamleh AA, Alnafisi BK, Ahamed A, Balasubramani R. Design of 1,4-Dihydropyridine Hybrid Benzamide Derivatives: Synthesis and Evaluation of Analgesic Activity and Their Molecular Docking Studies. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4021-4039. [DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s357604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Zhu T, Wang Y. T-type Ca 2+ channels play a dual role in modulating the excitability of dorsal root ganglia neurons. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221132224. [PMID: 36163701 PMCID: PMC9536108 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221132224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A subgroup of low-threshold dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons discharge action potentials (APs) with an afterdepolarizing potential (ADP). The ADP is formed by T-type Ca2+ currents. It is known that T-type Ca2+ currents contribute to neuropathic pain. However, the change in ADP-firing of injured DRG neurons has not been widely studied yet. Here we applied patch clamp to record ADP-firing and T-type Ca2+ currents in intact and chronically compressed DRG (CCD) neurons and examined T-type Ca2+ channel proteins expression with western blotting. After CCD injury, the incidences of both ADP firing and non-ADP burst firing increased, and T-type Ca2+ channels contributed to both of these firing patterns. The neurons discharging large-amplitude-ADP firing were TTX-insensitive, implying that high-density T-type Ca2+ channels might cooperate with TTX-insensitive Na+ channels to reduce the AP threshold. By contrast, the neurons displaying non-ADP burst firing were TTX-sensitive, implying that low density T-type Ca2+ channels may cooperate with TTX-sensitive Na+ channels to increase AP number. In DRG neurons, T-type Ca2+ currents density varied widely, ranging between 100 pA/pF and 5 pA/pF. After injury, the proportion of DRG neurons with large T-type Ca2+ currents increased in parallel with the increase in the incidence of large-amplitude-ADP firing. And in addition to Cav3.2, Cav3.3 channels are also likely to contribute to low-threshold firing. The data revealed that T-type Ca2+ channels may play a dual role in modulating the injured neurons' high excitability through a cooperative process with Na+ channels, thereby contributing to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, 12480Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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14
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Vincenzi M, Milella MS, D’Ottavio G, Caprioli D, Reverte I, Maftei D. Targeting Chemokines and Chemokine GPCRs to Enhance Strong Opioid Efficacy in Neuropathic Pain. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030398. [PMID: 35330149 PMCID: PMC8955776 DOI: 10.3390/life12030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) originates from an injury or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. This heterogeneous origin and the possible association with other pathologies make the management of NP a real challenge. To date, there are no satisfactory treatments for this type of chronic pain. Even strong opioids, the gold-standard analgesics for nociceptive and cancer pain, display low efficacy and the paradoxical ability to exacerbate pain sensitivity in NP patients. Mounting evidence suggests that chemokine upregulation may be a common mechanism driving NP pathophysiology and chronic opioid use-related consequences (analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia). Here, we first review preclinical studies on the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the development and maintenance of NP. Second, we examine the change in chemokine expression following chronic opioid use and the crosstalk between chemokine and opioid receptors. Then, we examine the effects of inhibiting specific chemokines or chemokine receptors as a strategy to increase opioid efficacy in NP. We conclude that strong opioids, along with drugs that block specific chemokine/chemokine receptor axis, might be the right compromise for a favorable risk/benefit ratio in NP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (I.R.)
| | - Michele Stanislaw Milella
- Toxicology and Poison Control Center Unit, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital-Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ginevra D’Ottavio
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (I.R.)
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
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15
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Bortolin A, Neto E, Lamghari M. Calcium Signalling in Breast Cancer Associated Bone Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031902. [PMID: 35163823 PMCID: PMC8836937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is involved as a signalling mediator in a broad variety of physiological processes. Some of the fastest responses in human body like neuronal action potential firing, to the slowest gene transcriptional regulation processes are controlled by pathways involving calcium signalling. Under pathological conditions these mechanisms are also involved in tumoral cells reprogramming, resulting in the altered expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, metastatisation and homing to the secondary metastatic site. On the other hand, calcium exerts a central function in nociception, from cues sensing in distal neurons, to signal modulation and interpretation in the central nervous system leading, in pathological conditions, to hyperalgesia, allodynia and pain chronicization. It is well known the relationship between cancer and pain when tumoral metastatic cells settle in the bones, especially in late breast cancer stage, where they alter the bone micro-environment leading to bone lesions and resulting in pain refractory to the conventional analgesic therapies. The purpose of this review is to address the Ca2+ signalling mechanisms involved in cancer cell metastatisation as well as the function of the same signalling tools in pain regulation and transmission. Finally, the possible interactions between these two cells types cohabiting the same Ca2+ rich environment will be further explored attempting to highlight new possible therapeutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bortolin
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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16
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Maksimovic S, Useinovic N, Quillinan N, Covey DF, Todorovic SM, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. General Anesthesia and the Young Brain: The Importance of Novel Strategies with Alternate Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031889. [PMID: 35163810 PMCID: PMC8836828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, we have been grappling with rapidly accumulating evidence that general anesthetics (GAs) may not be as innocuous for the young brain as we previously believed. The growing realization comes from hundreds of animal studies in numerous species, from nematodes to higher mammals. These studies argue that early exposure to commonly used GAs causes widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in brain regions critical to cognition and socio-emotional development, kills a substantial number of neurons in the young brain, and, importantly, results in lasting disturbances in neuronal synaptic communication within the remaining neuronal networks. Notably, these outcomes are often associated with long-term impairments in multiple cognitive-affective domains. Not only do preclinical studies clearly demonstrate GA-induced neurotoxicity when the exposures occur in early life, but there is a growing body of clinical literature reporting similar cognitive-affective abnormalities in young children who require GAs. The need to consider alternative GAs led us to focus on synthetic neuroactive steroid analogues that have emerged as effective hypnotics, and analgesics that are apparently devoid of neurotoxic effects and long-term cognitive impairments. This would suggest that certain steroid analogues with different cellular targets and mechanisms of action may be safe alternatives to currently used GAs. Herein we summarize our current knowledge of neuroactive steroids as promising novel GAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Maksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.U.); (N.Q.); (S.M.T.); (V.J.-T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nemanja Useinovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.U.); (N.Q.); (S.M.T.); (V.J.-T.)
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.U.); (N.Q.); (S.M.T.); (V.J.-T.)
- Neuronal Injury and Plasticity Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Douglas F. Covey
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Slobodan M. Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.U.); (N.Q.); (S.M.T.); (V.J.-T.)
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.U.); (N.Q.); (S.M.T.); (V.J.-T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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17
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Hoffmann T, Kistner K, Joksimovic SLJ, Todorovic SM, Reeh PW, Sauer SK. Painful diabetic neuropathy leads to functional Ca V3.2 expression and spontaneous activity in skin nociceptors of mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 346:113838. [PMID: 34450183 PMCID: PMC8549116 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy occurs in approximately 20% of diabetic patients with underlying pathomechanisms not fully understood. We evaluated the contribution of the CaV3.2 isoform of T-type calcium channel to hyperglycemia-induced changes in cutaneous sensory C-fiber functions and neuropeptide release employing the streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes model in congenic mouse strains including global knockouts (KOs). Hyperglycemia established for 3-5 weeks in male C57BL/6J mice led to major reorganizations in peripheral C-fiber functions. Unbiased electrophysiological screening of mechanosensitive single-fibers in isolated hairy hindpaw skin revealed a relative loss of (polymodal) heat sensing in favor of cold sensing. In healthy CaV3.2 KO mice both heat and cold sensitivity among the C-fibers seemed underrepresented in favor of exclusive mechanosensitivity, low-threshold in particular, which deficit became significant in the diabetic KOs. Diabetes also led to a marked increase in the incidence of spontaneous discharge activity among the C-fibers of wildtype mice, which was reduced by the specific CaV3.2 blocker TTA-P2 and largely absent in the KOs. Evaluation restricted to the peptidergic class of nerve fibers - measuring KCl-stimulated CGRP release - revealed a marked reduction in the sciatic nerve by TTA-P2 in healthy but not diabetic wildtypes, the latter showing CGRP release that was as much reduced as in healthy and, to the same extent, in diabetic CaV3.2 KOs. These data suggest that diabetes abrogates all CaV3.2 functionality in the peripheral nerve axons. In striking contrast, diabetes markedly increased the KCl-stimulated CGRP release from isolated hairy skin of wildtypes but not KO mice, and TTA-P2 reversed this increase, strongly suggesting a de novo expression of CaV3.2 in peptidergic cutaneous nerve endings which may contribute to the enhanced spontaneous activity. De-glycosylation by neuraminidase showed clear desensitizing effects, both in regard to spontaneous activity and stimulated CGRP release, but included actions independent of CaV3.2. However, as diabetes-enhanced glycosylation is decisive for intra-axonal trafficking, it may account for the substantial reorganizations of the CaV3.2 distribution. The results may strengthen the validation of CaV3.2 channel as a therapeutic target of treating painful diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hoffmann
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Kistner
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja L J Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter W Reeh
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Sauer
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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18
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Joksimovic SL, Lamborn N, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Todorovic SM. Alpha lipoic acid attenuates evoked and spontaneous pain following surgical skin incision in rats. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:398-407. [PMID: 33843451 PMCID: PMC8043189 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1907058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have implicated CaV3.2 isoform of T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) in the development of postsurgical pain. We have also previously established that different T-channel antagonists can alleviate in vivo postsurgical pain. Here we investigated the analgesic potential of another T-channel blocker and endogenous antioxidant molecule, α-lipoic acid (ALA), in a postsurgical pain model in rats. Our in vivo results suggest that single and repetitive intraperitoneal injections of ALA after surgery or preemptively, significantly reduced evoked mechanical hyperalgesia following surgical paw incision. Furthermore, repeated preemptive systemic injections of ALA effectively alleviated spontaneous postsurgical pain as determined by dynamic weight-bearing testing. We expect that our preclinical study may lead to further investigation of analgesic properties and mechanisms of analgesic action of ALA in patients undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lj. Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathan Lamborn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Slobodan M. Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus and Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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19
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Zhang Y, Qian Z, Jiang D, Sun Y, Gao S, Jiang X, Wang H, Tao J. Neuromedin B receptor stimulation of Cav3.2 T-type Ca 2+ channels in primary sensory neurons mediates peripheral pain hypersensitivity. Theranostics 2021; 11:9342-9357. [PMID: 34646374 PMCID: PMC8490515 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuromedin B (Nmb) is implicated in the regulation of nociception of sensory neurons. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Methods: Using patch clamp recording, western blot analysis, immunofluorescent labelling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, adenovirus-mediated shRNA knockdown and animal behaviour tests, we studied the effects of Nmb on the sensory neuronal excitability and peripheral pain sensitivity mediated by Cav3.2 T-type channels. Results: Nmb reversibly and concentration-dependently increased T-type channel currents (IT) in small-sized trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons through the activation of neuromedin B receptor (NmbR). This NmbR-mediated IT response was Gq protein-coupled, but independent of protein kinase C activity. Either intracellular application of the QEHA peptide or shRNA-mediated knockdown of Gβ abolished the NmbR-induced IT response. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) completely abolished the Nmb-induced IT response. Analysis of phospho-AMPK (p-AMPK) revealed that Nmb significantly activated AMPK, while AMPK inhibition prevented the Nmb-induced increase in PKA activity. In a heterologous expression system, activation of NmbR significantly enhanced the Cav3.2 channel currents, while the Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 channel currents remained unaffected. Nmb induced TG neuronal hyperexcitability and concomitantly induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, both of which were attenuated by T-type channel blockade. Moreover, blockade of NmbR signalling prevented mechanical hypersensitivity in a mouse model of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain, and this effect was attenuated by siRNA knockdown of Cav3.2. Conclusions: Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which NmbR stimulates Cav3.2 channels through a Gβγ-dependent AMPK/PKA pathway. In mouse models, this mechanism appears to drive the hyperexcitability of TG neurons and induce pain hypersensitivity.
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20
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Regulation of Ca V3.2 channels by the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (Rack-1). Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:447-454. [PMID: 34623515 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the interaction between CaV3.2 calcium channels and the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (Rack-1), a scaffold protein which has recently been implicated in neuropathic pain. The coexpression of CaV3.2 and Rack-1 in tsA-201 cells led to a reduction in the magnitude of whole-cell CaV3.2 currents and CaV3.2 channel expression at the plasma membrane. Co-immunoprecipitations from transfected cells show the formation of a molecular protein complex between Cav3.2 channels and Rack-1. We determined that the interaction of Rack-1 occurs at the intracellular II-III loop and the C-terminus of the channel. Finally, the coexpression of PKCβII abolished the effect of Rack-1 on current densities. Altogether, our findings show that Rack-1 regulates CaV3.2-mediated calcium entry in a PKC-dependent manner.
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21
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Targeting T-type/CaV3.2 channels for chronic pain. Transl Res 2021; 234:20-30. [PMID: 33422652 PMCID: PMC8217081 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels regulate neuronal excitability and are important contributors of pain processing. CaV3.2 channels are the major isoform expressed in nonpeptidergic and peptidergic nociceptive neurons and are emerging as promising targets for pain treatment. Numerous studies have shown that CaV3.2 expression and/or activity are significantly increased in spinal dorsal horn and in dorsal root ganglia neurons in different inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Pharmacological campaigns to inhibit the functional expression of CaV3.2 for treatment of pain have focused on the development of direct channel blockers, but none have produced lead candidates. Targeting the proteins that regulate the trafficking or transcription, and the ones that modify the channels via post-translational modifications are alternative means to regulate expression and function of CaV3.2 channels and hence to develop new drugs to control pain. Here we synthesize data supporting a role for CaV3.2 in numerous pain modalities and then discuss emerging opportunities for the indirect targeting of CaV3.2 channels.
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22
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Sloan G, Selvarajah D, Tesfaye S. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:400-420. [PMID: 34050323 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and is associated with increased mortality, lower-limb amputations and distressing painful neuropathic symptoms (painful DSPN). Our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease has largely been derived from animal models, which have identified key potential mechanisms. However, effective therapies in preclinical models have not translated into clinical trials and we have no universally accepted disease-modifying treatments. Moreover, the condition is generally diagnosed late when irreversible nerve damage has already taken place. Innovative point-of-care devices have great potential to enable the early diagnosis of DSPN when the condition might be more amenable to treatment. The management of painful DSPN remains less than optimal; however, studies suggest that a mechanism-based approach might offer an enhanced benefit in certain pain phenotypes. The management of patients with DSPN involves the control of individualized cardiometabolic targets, a multidisciplinary approach aimed at the prevention and management of foot complications, and the timely diagnosis and management of neuropathic pain. Here, we discuss the latest advances in the mechanisms of DSPN and painful DSPN, originating both from the periphery and the central nervous system, as well as the emerging diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Sloan
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dinesh Selvarajah
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
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23
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Harding EK, Dedek A, Bonin RP, Salter MW, Snutch TP, Hildebrand ME. The T-type calcium channel antagonist, Z944, reduces spinal excitability and pain hypersensitivity. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3517-3532. [PMID: 33871884 PMCID: PMC8453510 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose T‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels are an emerging therapeutic target for neurological disorders including epilepsy and pain. Inhibition of T‐type channels reduces the excitability of peripheral nociceptive sensory neurons and reverses pain hypersensitivity in male rodent pain models. However, administration of peripherally restricted T‐type antagonists failed to show efficacy in multiple clinical and preclinical pain trials, suggesting that inhibition of peripheral T‐type channels alone may be insufficient for pain relief. Experimental Approach We utilized the selective and CNS‐penetrant T‐type channel antagonist, Z944, in electrophysiological, calcium imaging and behavioural paradigms to determine its effect on lamina I neuron excitability and inflammatory pain behaviours. Key Results Voltage‐clamp recordings from lamina I spinal neurons of adult rats revealed that approximately 80% of neurons possess a low threshold T‐type current, which was blocked by Z944. Due to this highly prevalent T‐type current, Z944 potently blocked action‐potential evoked somatic and dendritic calcium transients in lamina I neurons. Moreover, application of Z944 to spinal cord slices attenuated action potential firing rates in over half of laminae I/II neurons. Finally, we found that intraperitoneal injection of Z944 (1–10 mg·kg−1) dose‐dependently reversed mechanical allodynia in the complete Freund's adjuvant model of persistent inflammatory pain, with a similar magnitude and time course of analgesic effects between male and female rats. Conclusion and Implications T‐type calcium channels critically shape the excitability of lamina I pain processing neurons and inhibition of these channels by the clinical stage antagonist Z944 potently reverses pain hypersensitivity across sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Harding
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annemarie Dedek
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert P Bonin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W Salter
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael E Hildebrand
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Sinha GP, Prasoon P, Smith BN, Taylor BK. Fast A-type currents shape a rapidly adapting form of delayed short latency firing of excitatory superficial dorsal horn neurons that express the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor. J Physiol 2021; 599:2723-2750. [PMID: 33768539 DOI: 10.1113/jp281033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord contribute to chronic pain. For the first time, we characterized the firing patterns of Y1-expressing neurons in Y1eGFP reporter mice. Under hyperpolarized conditions, most Y1eGFP neurons exhibited fast A-type potassium currents and delayed, short-latency firing (DSLF). Y1eGFP DSLF neurons were almost always rapidly adapting and often exhibited rebound spiking, characteristics of spinal pain neurons under the control of T-type calcium channels. These results will inspire future studies to determine whether tissue or nerve injury downregulates the channels that underlie A-currents, thus unmasking membrane hyperexcitability in Y1-expressing dorsal horn neurons, leading to persistent pain. ABSTRACT Neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence indicates that neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor-expressing interneurons (Y1-INs) in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) are predominantly excitatory and contribute to chronic pain. Using an adult ex vivo spinal cord slice preparation from Y1eGFP reporter mice, we characterized firing patterns in response to steady state depolarizing current injection of GFP-positive cells in lamina II, the great majority of which expressed Y1 mRNA (88%). Randomly sampled (RS) and Y1eGFP neurons exhibited five firing patterns: tonic, initial burst, phasic, delayed short-latency <180 ms (DSLF) and delayed long-latency >180 ms (DLLF). When studied at resting membrane potential, most RS neurons exhibited delayed firing, while most Y1eGFP neurons exhibited phasic firing. A preconditioning membrane hyperpolarization produced only subtle changes in the firing patterns of RS neurons, but dramatically shifted Y1eGFP neurons to DSLF (46%) and DLLF (24%). In contrast to RS DSLF neurons, which rarely exhibited spike frequency adaptation, Y1eGFP DSLF neurons were almost always rapidly adapting, a characteristic of nociceptive-responsive SDH neurons. Rebound spiking was more prevalent in Y1eGFP neurons (6% RS vs. 32% Y1eGFP), indicating enrichment of T-type calcium currents. Y1eGFP DSLF neurons exhibited fast A-type potassium currents that are known to delay or limit action potential firing and exhibited smaller current density as compared to RS DSLF neurons. Our results will inspire future studies to determine whether tissue or nerve injury downregulates channels that contribute to A-currents, thus potentially unmasking T-type calcium channel activity and membrane hyperexcitability in Y1-INs, leading to persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam P Sinha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pranav Prasoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bret N Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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25
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A modulator of the low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channel that reverses HIV glycoprotein 120-, paclitaxel-, and spinal nerve ligation-induced peripheral neuropathies. Pain 2021; 161:2551-2570. [PMID: 32541387 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated calcium channels CaV3.1-3.3 constitute the T-type subfamily, whose dysfunctions are associated with epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, and chronic pain. The unique properties of low-voltage-activation, faster inactivation, and slower deactivation of these channels support their role in modulation of cellular excitability and low-threshold firing. Thus, selective T-type calcium channel antagonists are highly sought after. Here, we explored Ugi-azide multicomponent reaction products to identify compounds targeting T-type calcium channel. Of the 46 compounds tested, an analog of benzimidazolonepiperidine-5bk (1-{1-[(R)-{1-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl}(thiophen-3-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-one) modulated depolarization-induced calcium influx in rat sensory neurons. Modulation of T-type calcium channels by 5bk was further confirmed in whole-cell patch clamp assays in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, where pharmacological isolation of T-type currents led to a time- and concentration-dependent regulation with a low micromolar IC50. Lack of an acute effect of 5bk argues against a direct action on T-type channels. Genetic knockdown revealed CaV3.2 to be the isoform preferentially modulated by 5bk. High voltage-gated calcium, as well as tetrodotoxin-sensitive and -resistant sodium, channels were unaffected by 5bk. 5bk inhibited spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and depolarization-evoked release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from lumbar spinal cord slices. Notably, 5bk did not bind human mu, delta, or kappa opioid receptors. 5bk reversed mechanical allodynia in rat models of HIV-associated neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, and spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathy, without effects on locomotion or anxiety. Thus, 5bk represents a novel T-type modulator that could be used to develop nonaddictive pain therapeutics.
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26
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Joksimovic SL, Evans JG, McIntire WE, Orestes P, Barrett PQ, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Todorovic SM. Glycosylation of Ca V3.2 Channels Contributes to the Hyperalgesia in Peripheral Neuropathy of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:605312. [PMID: 33384586 PMCID: PMC7770106 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.605312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies implicated glycosylation of the CaV3.2 isoform of T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) in the development of Type 2 painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Here we investigated biophysical mechanisms underlying the modulation of recombinant CaV3.2 channel by de-glycosylation enzymes such as neuraminidase (NEU) and PNGase-F (PNG), as well as their behavioral and biochemical effects in painful PDN Type 1. In our in vitro study we used whole-cell recordings of current-voltage relationships to confirm that CaV3.2 current densities were decreased ~2-fold after de-glycosylation. Furthermore, de-glycosylation induced a significant depolarizing shift in the steady-state relationships for activation and inactivation while producing little effects on the kinetics of current deactivation and recovery from inactivation. PDN was induced in vivo by injections of streptozotocin (STZ) in adult female C57Bl/6j wild type (WT) mice, adult female Sprague Dawley rats and CaV3.2 knock-out (KO mice). Either NEU or vehicle (saline) were locally injected into the right hind paws or intrathecally. We found that injections of NEU, but not vehicle, completely reversed thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in diabetic WT rats and mice. In contrast, NEU did not alter baseline thermal and mechanical sensitivity in the CaV3.2 KO mice which also failed to develop painful PDN. Finally, we used biochemical methods with gel-shift analysis to directly demonstrate that N-terminal fragments of native CaV3.2 channels in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are glycosylated in both healthy and diabetic animals. Our results demonstrate that in sensory neurons glycosylation-induced alterations in CaV3.2 channels in vivo directly enhance diabetic hyperalgesia, and that glycosylation inhibitors can be used to ameliorate painful symptoms in Type 1 diabetes. We expect that our studies may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying painful PDN in an effort to facilitate the discovery of novel treatments for this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lj Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - J Grayson Evans
- Undergraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - William E McIntire
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Peihan Orestes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Paula Q Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | | | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program and Graduate Program in Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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27
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Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals specific modules and hub genes related to neuropathic pain in dorsal root ganglions. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220865. [PMID: 31696225 PMCID: PMC6851524 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common, debilitating clinical issue. Here, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the specific modules and hub genes that are related to neuropathic pain. The microarray dataset of a neuropathic rat model induced by tibial nerve transection (TNT), including dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues from TNT model (n=7) and sham (n=8) rats, was downloaded from the ArrayExpress database (E-MTAB-2260). The co-expression network modules were identified by the WGCNA package. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and the node with highest level of connectivity in the network were identified as the hub gene. A total of 1739 genes and seven modules were identified. The most significant module was the brown module, which contained 215 genes that were primarily associated with the biological process (BP) of the defense response and molecular function of calcium ion binding. Furthermore, C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2), Fos and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1) which were identified as the hub genes in the PPI network and two subnetworks separately. The in vivo studies validated that mRNA and protein levels of Ccl2, Fos and Timp1 were up-regulated in DRG and spinal cord tissues after TNT. The present study offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of neuropathic pain in the context of peripheral nerve injury.
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28
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Tomita S, Sekiguchi F, Kasanami Y, Naoe K, Tsubota M, Wake H, Nishibori M, Kawabata A. Ca v3.2 overexpression in L4 dorsal root ganglion neurons after L5 spinal nerve cutting involves Egr-1, USP5 and HMGB1 in rats: An emerging signaling pathway for neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173587. [PMID: 32971090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels in L4 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) participates in neuropathic pain after L5 spinal nerve cutting (L5SNC) in rats. The L5SNC-induced neuropathic pain also involves high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern protein, and its target, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). We thus studied the molecular mechanisms for the L5SNC-induced Cav3.2 overexpression as well as neuropathic pain in rats by focusing on; 1) possible involvement of early growth response 1 (Egr-1), known to regulate transcriptional expression of Cav3.2, and ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (USP5) that protects Cav3.2 from proteasomal degradation, and 2) possible role of HMGB1/RAGE as an upstream signal. Protein levels of Cav3.2 as well as Egr-1 in L4 DRG significantly increased in the early (day 6) and persistent (day 14) phases of neuropathy after L5SNC, while USP5 protein in L4 DRG did not increase on day 6, but day 14. An anti-HMGB1-neutralizing antibody or a low molecular weight heparin, a RAGE antagonist, prevented the development of neuropathic pain and upregulation of Egr-1 and Cav3.2 in L4 DRG after L5SNC. L5SNC increased macrophages accumulating in the sciatic nerves, and the cytoplasm/nuclear ratio of immunoreactive HMGB1 in those macrophages. Our findings suggest that L5SNC-induced Cav3.2 overexpression in L4 DRG and neuropathic pain involves Egr-1 upregulation downstream of the macrophage-derived HMGB1/RAGE pathway, and that the delayed upregulation of USP5 might contribute to the persistent Cav3.2 overexpression and neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Tomita
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Known As Kinki University), 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Known As Kinki University), 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kasanami
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Known As Kinki University), 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Katsuki Naoe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Known As Kinki University), 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Known As Kinki University), 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Known As Kinki University), 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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29
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Vicario N, Turnaturi R, Spitale FM, Torrisi F, Zappalà A, Gulino R, Pasquinucci L, Chiechio S, Parenti C, Parenti R. Intercellular communication and ion channels in neuropathic pain chronicization. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:841-850. [PMID: 32533221 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is caused by primary lesion or dysfunction of either peripheral or central nervous system. Due to its complex pathogenesis, often related to a number of comorbidities, such as cancer, neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases, neuropathic pain still represents an unmet clinical need, lacking long-term effective treatment and complex case-by-case approach. AIM AND METHODS We analyzed the recent literature on the role of selective voltage-sensitive sodium, calcium and potassium permeable channels and non-selective gap junctions (GJs) and hemichannels (HCs) in establishing and maintaining chronic neuropathic conditions. We finally focussed our review on the role of extracellular microenvironment modifications induced by resident glial cells and on the recent advances in cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular environment communication in chronic neuropathies. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an update on the current knowledge of neuropathy chronicization processes with a focus on both neuronal and glial ion channels, as well as on channel-mediated intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Vicario
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Maria Spitale
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Torrisi
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Gulino
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Santina Chiechio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Oasi Research Institute IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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30
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Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic potential of voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) in pain associated with herpesvirus infection. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:70. [PMID: 32489585 PMCID: PMC7247163 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus is ranked as one of the grand old members of all pathogens. Of all the viruses in the superfamily, Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is considered as a model virus for a variety of reasons. In a permissive non-neuronal cell culture, HSV-1 concludes the entire life cycle in approximately 18–20 h, encoding approximately 90 unique transcriptional units. In latency, the robust viral gene expression is suppressed in neurons by a group of noncoding RNA. Historically the lesions caused by the virus can date back to centuries ago. As a neurotropic pathogen, HSV-1 is associated with painful oral lesions, severe keratitis and lethal encephalitis. Transmission of pain signals is dependent on the generation and propagation of action potential in sensory neurons. T-type Ca2+ channels serve as a preamplifier of action potential generation. Voltage-gated Na+ channels are the main components for action potential production. This review summarizes not only the voltage-gated ion channels in neuropathic disorders but also provides the new insights into HSV-1 induced pain.
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Jimenez H, Sharma S, Sheffield K, Agyemang K, Johansen A, Blackman C, Watabe K, Barbault A, Pasche B. Comments on 'Search for tumor-specific frequencies of amplitude modulated 27 MHz electromagnetic fields in mice with hepatocarcinoma xenografted tumors'. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:845-846. [PMID: 32223577 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1748740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Jimenez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly Sheffield
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kojo Agyemang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Allan Johansen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carl Blackman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Boris Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Martínez-Hernández E, Zeglin A, Almazan E, Perissinotti P, He Y, Koob M, Martin JL, Piedras-Rentería ES. KLHL1 Controls Ca V3.2 Expression in DRG Neurons and Mechanical Sensitivity to Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:315. [PMID: 31969803 PMCID: PMC6960199 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons process pain signaling through specialized nociceptors located in their peripheral endings. It has long been established low voltage-activated (LVA) CaV3.2 calcium channels control neuronal excitability during sensory perception in these neurons. Silencing CaV3.2 activity with antisense RNA or genetic ablation results in anti-nociceptive, anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic effects. CaV3.2 channels are regulated by many proteins (Weiss and Zamponi, 2017), including KLHL1, a neuronal actin-binding protein that stabilizes channel activity by recycling it back to the plasma membrane through the recycling endosome. We explored whether manipulation of KLHL1 levels and thereby function as a CaV3.2 modifier can modulate DRG excitability and mechanical pain transmission or sensitivity to pain. We first assessed the mechanical sensitivity threshold and DRG properties in the KLHL1 KO mouse model. KO DRG neurons exhibited smaller T-type current density compared to WT without significant changes in voltage dependence, as expected in the absence of its modulator. Western blot analysis confirmed CaV3.2 but not CaV3.1, CaV3.3, CaV2.1, or CaV2.2 protein levels were significantly decreased; and reduced neuron excitability and decreased pain sensitivity were also found in the KLHL1 KO model. Analogously, transient down-regulation of KLHL1 levels in WT mice with viral delivery of anti-KLHL1 shRNA also resulted in decreased pain sensitivity. These two experimental approaches confirm KLHL1 as a physiological modulator of excitability and pain sensitivity, providing a novel target to control peripheral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Alissa Zeglin
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Erik Almazan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Paula Perissinotti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Yungui He
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael Koob
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jody L. Martin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Erika S. Piedras-Rentería
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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Wan L, Wu W, Jiang S, Wan S, Meng D, Wang Z, Zhang J, Wei L, Yu P. Mibefradil and Flunarizine, Two T-Type Calcium Channel Inhibitors, Protect Mice against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3691701. [PMID: 33223955 PMCID: PMC7671802 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3691701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have illuminated that blocking Ca2+ influx into effector cells is an attractive therapeutic strategy for lung injury. We hypothesize that T-type calcium channel may be a potential therapeutic target for acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, the pharmacological activity of mibefradil (a classical T-type calcium channel inhibitor) was assessed in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced ALI. In LPS challenged mice, mibefradil (20 and 40 mg/kg) dramatically decreased the total cell number, as well as the productions of TNF-α and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Mibefradil also suppressed total protein concentration in BALF, attenuated Evans blue extravasation, MPO activity, and NF-κB activation in lung tissue. Furthermore, flunarizine, a widely prescripted antimigraine agent with potent inhibition on T-type channel, was also found to protect mice against lung injury. These data demonstrated that T-type calcium channel inhibitors may be beneficial for treating acute lung injury. The important role of T-type calcium channel in the acute lung injury is encouraged to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing 526020, China
| | - Shunjun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shanhe Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dongmei Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Pengjiu Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Shin SM, Cai Y, Itson-Zoske B, Qiu C, Hao X, Xiang H, Hogan QH, Yu H. Enhanced T-type calcium channel 3.2 activity in sensory neurons contributes to neuropathic-like pain of monosodium iodoacetate-induced knee osteoarthritis. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920963807. [PMID: 33054557 PMCID: PMC7570798 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920963807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The monosodium iodoacetate knee osteoarthritis model has been widely used for the evaluation of osteoarthritis pain, but the pathogenesis of associated chronic pain is not fully understood. The T-type calcium channel 3.2 (CaV3.2) is abundantly expressed in the primary sensory neurons, in which it regulates neuronal excitability at both the somata and peripheral terminals and facilitates spontaneous neurotransmitter release at the spinal terminals. In this study, we investigated the involvement of primary sensory neuron-CaV3.2 activation in monosodium iodoacetate osteoarthritis pain. Knee joint osteoarthritis pain was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (2 mg) in rats, and sensory behavior was evaluated for 35 days. At that time, knee joint structural histology, primary sensory neuron injury, and inflammatory gliosis in lumbar dorsal root ganglia, and spinal dorsal horn were examined. Primary sensory neuron-T-type calcium channel current by patch-clamp recording and CaV3.2 expression by immunohistochemistry and immunoblots were determined. In a subset of animals, pain relief by CaV3.2 inhibition after delivery of CaV3.2 inhibitor TTA-P2 into sciatic nerve was investigated. Knee injection of monosodium iodoacetate resulted in osteoarthritis histopathology, weight-bearing asymmetry, sensory hypersensitivity of the ipsilateral hindpaw, and inflammatory gliosis in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia, sciatic nerve, and spinal dorsal horn. Neuronal injury marker ATF-3 was extensively upregulated in primary sensory neurons, suggesting that neuronal damage was beyond merely knee-innervating primary sensory neurons. T-type current in dissociated primary sensory neurons from lumbar dorsal root ganglia of monosodium iodoacetate rats was significantly increased, and CaV3.2 protein levels in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to monosodium iodoacetate by immunoblots were significantly increased, compared to controls. Perineural application of TTA-P2 into the ipsilateral sciatic nerve alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity and weight-bearing asymmetry in monosodium iodoacetate osteoarthritis rats. Overall, our findings demonstrate an elevated CaV3.2 expression and enhanced function of primary sensory neuron-T channels in the monosodium iodoacetate osteoarthritis pain. Further study is needed to delineate the importance of dysfunctional primary sensory neuron-CaV3.2 in osteoarthritis pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yongsong Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Xi’an Honghui Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Brandon Itson-Zoske
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chensheng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xu Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hongfei Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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A novel phospho-modulatory mechanism contributes to the calcium-dependent regulation of T-type Ca 2+ channels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15642. [PMID: 31666636 PMCID: PMC6821770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav3 / T-type Ca2+ channels are dynamically regulated by intracellular Ca2+ ions, which inhibit Cav3 availability. Here, we demonstrate that this inhibition becomes irreversible in the presence of non-hydrolysable ATP analogs, resulting in a strong hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state inactivation of the residual Cav3 current. Importantly, the effect of these ATP analogs was prevented in the presence of intracellular BAPTA. Additional findings obtained using intracellular dialysis of inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase or NaN3 treatment further support the involvement of a phosphorylation mechanism. Contrasting with Cav1 and Cav2 Ca2+ channels, the Ca2+-dependent modulation of Cav3 channels appears to be independent of calmodulin, calcineurin and endocytic pathways. Similar findings were obtained for the native T-type Ca2+ current recorded in rat thalamic neurons of the central medial nucleus. Overall, our data reveal a new Ca2+ sensitive phosphorylation-dependent mechanism regulating Cav3 channels, with potentially important physiological implications for the multiple cell functions controlled by T-type Ca2+ channels.
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Kaur S, Maslov LN, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Dual role of T-type calcium channels in anxiety-related behavior. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0067/jbcpp-2019-0067.xml. [PMID: 31644427 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are low voltage activated calcium channels that are widely expressed in various brain regions including stress-responsive regions. These channels regulate the diverse functions of the central nervous system, and modulation of these channels is shown to modulate the anxiety. Studies have described that modulation of T-type calcium channels may either aggravate or ameliorate anxiety-related behavior, suggesting the dual role of these channels. The studies employing animals with overexpression of T-type calcium channels reported their anxiety-inducing role. Therefore, the blockade of these channels using various pharmacological agents such as ethosuximide, plant extracts of linalool or rosemary, and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is reported to ameliorate anxiety. On the contrary, knockout of the gene encoding these channels predisposes the rodents to anxiety-related disorders, suggesting the anxiety-attenuating role of these channels. It may be possible that these channels in normal or basal state attenuate anxiety, whereas activation of these channels in stressful condition may produce anxiety. The present review describes the dual role of T-type calcium channels in anxiety-related behavior in both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Leonid N Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India, Mobile: +919501016036
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Dumenieu M, Senkov O, Mironov A, Bourinet E, Kreutz MR, Dityatev A, Heine M, Bikbaev A, Lopez-Rojas J. The Low-Threshold Calcium Channel Cav3.2 Mediates Burst Firing of Mature Dentate Granule Cells. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:2594-2609. [PMID: 29790938 PMCID: PMC5998957 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature granule cells are poorly excitable neurons that were recently shown to fire action potentials, preferentially in bursts. It is believed that the particularly pronounced short-term facilitation of mossy fiber synapses makes granule cell bursting a very effective means of properly transferring information to CA3. However, the mechanism underlying the unique bursting behavior of mature granule cells is currently unknown. Here, we show that Cav3.2 T-type channels at the axon initial segment are responsible for burst firing of mature granule cells in rats and mice. Accordingly, Cav3.2 knockout mice fire tonic spikes and exhibit impaired bursting, synaptic plasticity and dentate-to-CA3 communication. The data show that Cav3.2 channels are strong modulators of bursting and can be considered a critical molecular switch that enables effective information transfer from mature granule cells to the CA3 pyramids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mael Dumenieu
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oleg Senkov
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Mironov
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Bourinet
- Calcium Channel Dynamics & Nociception Group, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Heine
- Research Group Molecular Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Bikbaev
- Research Group Molecular Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Lopez-Rojas
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany
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Joksimovic SL, Donald RR, Park JY, Todorovic SM. Inhibition of multiple voltage-gated calcium channels may contribute to spinally mediated analgesia by epipregnanolone in a rat model of surgical paw incision. Channels (Austin) 2019; 13:48-61. [PMID: 30672394 PMCID: PMC6380214 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2018.1564420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-activated calcium channels play an important role in excitability of sensory nociceptive neurons in acute and chronic pain models. We have previously shown that low-voltage-activated calcium channels, or T-type channels (T-channels), increase excitability of sensory neurons after surgical incision in rats. We have also found that endogenous 5β-reduced neuroactive steroid epipregnanolone [(3β,5β)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one] blocked isolated T-currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in vitro, and reduced nociceptive behavior in vivo, after local intraplantar application into the foot pads of heathy rats and mice. Here, we investigated if epipregnanolone exerts an antinociceptive effect after intrathecal (i.t.) application in healthy rats, as well as an antihyperalgesic effect in a postsurgical pain model. We also studied if this endogenous neurosteroid blocks currents originating from high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channels in rat sensory neurons. In in vivo studies, we found that epipregnanolone alleviated thermal and mechanical nociception in healthy rats after i.t. administration without affecting their sensory-motor abilities. Furthermore, epipregnanolone effectively reduced mechanical hyperalgesia after i.t application in rats after surgery. In subsequent in vitro studies, we found that epipregnanolone blocked isolated HVA currents in nociceptive sensory neurons with an IC50 of 3.3 μM in a G-protein-dependent fashion. We conclude that neurosteroids that have combined inhibitory effects on T-type and HVA calcium currents may be suitable for development of novel pain therapies during the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lj Joksimovic
- a Department of Anesthesiology , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Rebecca R Donald
- b Department of Anesthesiology , Duke University Medical School , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Ji-Yong Park
- c Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine , Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- a Department of Anesthesiology , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA.,d Neuroscience Graduate Program , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
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Nguyen HD, Okada T, Sekiguchi F, Tsubota M, Nishikawa H, Kawabata A, Toyooka N. Prenylflavanones as Novel T-Type Calcium Channel Blockers Useful for Pain Therapy. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19873441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids have attracted much attention due to their promising and diverse bioactivities on multitarget tissues. To the best of our knowledge, our recent studies demonstrated first that (2 S)-6-prenylnaringenin (6-PNG), a hop component, blocks Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels (T-channels) and alleviates neuropathic and visceral pain with little side effects; it also indicated first that other natural prenylflavanones (PFVNs), such as sophoraflavanone G and (2 S)-8-PNG, or synthetic 6-PFVNs including (2 R/S)-6-PNG and its derivatives are capable of blocking T-channels and useful for pain therapy. Through the structure-activity relationship studies on the synthetic 6-PFVNs, we identified 6-(3-ethylpent-2-enyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one (8j or KTt-45) as the most potent blocker of Cav3.2 T-channels. It is interesting to recognize a prenylated flavonoid, belonging to other sub-classes, as a novel T-channel blocker. Therefore, this article will review some of our recent studies to introduce a new branch to researchers studying on prenylated flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Du Nguyen
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Japan
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41
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Kaur S, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Opening of T-type Ca2+ channels and activation of HCN channels contribute in stress adaptation in cold water immersion stress-subjected mice. Life Sci 2019; 232:116605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Price TJ, Gold MS. From Mechanism to Cure: Renewing the Goal to Eliminate the Disease of Pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2019; 19:1525-1549. [PMID: 29077871 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnx108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Persistent pain causes untold misery worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. Despite its astonishing prevalence, pain is undertreated, at least in part because existing therapeutics are ineffective or cause intolerable side effects. In this review, we cover new findings about the neurobiology of pain and argue that all but the most transient forms of pain needed to avoid tissue damage should be approached as a disease where a cure can be the goal of all treatment plans, even if attaining this goal is not yet always possible. Design We reviewed the literature to highlight recent advances in the area of the neurobiology of pain. Results We discuss barriers that are currently hindering the achievement of this goal, as well as the development of new therapeutic strategies. We also discuss innovations in the field that are creating new opportunities to treat and even reverse persistent pain, some of which are in late-phase clinical trials. Conclusion We conclude that the confluence of new basic science discoveries and development of new technologies are creating a path toward pain therapeutics that should offer significant hope of a cure for patients and practitioners alike. Classification of Evidence. Our review points to new areas of inquiry for the pain field to advance the goal of developing new therapeutics to treat chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael S Gold
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bellampalli SS, Ji Y, Moutal A, Cai S, Wijeratne EMK, Gandini MA, Yu J, Chefdeville A, Dorame A, Chew LA, Madura CL, Luo S, Molnar G, Khanna M, Streicher JM, Zamponi GW, Gunatilaka AAL, Khanna R. Betulinic acid, derived from the desert lavender Hyptis emoryi, attenuates paclitaxel-, HIV-, and nerve injury-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy via block of N- and T-type calcium channels. Pain 2019; 160:117-135. [PMID: 30169422 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Federal Pain Research Strategy recommended development of nonopioid analgesics as a top priority in its strategic plan to address the significant public health crisis and individual burden of chronic pain faced by >100 million Americans. Motivated by this challenge, a natural product extracts library was screened and identified a plant extract that targets activity of voltage-gated calcium channels. This profile is of interest as a potential treatment for neuropathic pain. The active extract derived from the desert lavender plant native to southwestern United States, when subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation, afforded 3 compounds identified as pentacyclic triterpenoids, betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid. Betulinic acid inhibited depolarization-evoked calcium influx in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons predominantly through targeting low-voltage-gated (Cav3 or T-type) and CaV2.2 (N-type) calcium channels. Voltage-clamp electrophysiology experiments revealed a reduction of Ca, but not Na, currents in sensory neurons after BA exposure. Betulinic acid inhibited spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and depolarization-evoked release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from lumbar spinal cord slices. Notably, BA did not engage human mu, delta, or kappa opioid receptors. Intrathecal administration of BA reversed mechanical allodynia in rat models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and HIV-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy as well as a mouse model of partial sciatic nerve ligation without effects on locomotion. The broad-spectrum biological and medicinal properties reported, including anti-HIV and anticancer activities of BA and its derivatives, position this plant-derived small molecule natural product as a potential nonopioid therapy for management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S Bellampalli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yingshi Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Song Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Maria A Gandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Angie Dorame
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lindsey A Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Cynthia L Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Shizhen Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gabriella Molnar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Zhang Q, Hsia SC, Martin-Caraballo M. Regulation of T-type Ca 2+ channel expression by interleukin-6 in sensory-like ND7/23 cells post-herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection. J Neurochem 2019; 151:238-254. [PMID: 30888683 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) infection of sensory neurons may lead to a significant reduction in the expression of voltage-activated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, which can disrupt the transmission of pain information. Viral infection also results in the secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6. In this work, we tested whether IL-6 regulates the expression of Na+ and Ca2+ channels post-HSV-1 infection in ND7/23 sensory-like neurons. Our results demonstrate that HSV-1 infection causes a significant decrease in the protein expression of the Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel subunit, despite increasing Cav3.2 mRNA synthesis. Neither Cav3.2 mRNA nor total protein content was affected by IL-6 treatment post-HSV-1 infection. In ND7/23 cells, HSV-1 infection caused a significant reduction in the expression of Na+ and T-type Ca2+ channels within 48 h. Exposure of ND7/23 cells to IL-6 for 24 h post-infection reverses the effect of HSV-1, resulting in a significant increase in T-type Ca2+ current density. However, Na+ currents were not restored by 24-h treatment with IL-6 post-HSV-1 infection of ND7/23 cells. The ability of IL-6 to increase the functional expression of T-type Ca2+ channels on the membrane was blocked by the inhibition of protein trafficking with brefeldin-A and ERK1/2 activation. These results indicate that IL-6 release following HSV-1 infection regulates the expression of T-type Ca2+ channels, which may alter the transmission of pain information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Shao-Chung Hsia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Miguel Martin-Caraballo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
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Giacoppo S, Iori R, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Topical moringin-cream relieves neuropathic pain by suppression of inflammatory pathway and voltage-gated ion channels in murine model of multiple sclerosis. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917724318. [PMID: 28741431 PMCID: PMC5555508 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917724318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain represents the major public health burden with a strong impact on quality life in multiple sclerosis patients. Although some advances have been obtained in the last years, the conventional therapies remain poorly effective. Thus, the discovery of innovative approaches to improve the outcomes for multiple sclerosis patients is a goal of primary importance. With this aim, we investigated the efficacy of the 4-(α−L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate (moringin), purified from Moringa oleifera seeds and ready-to-use as topical treatment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, murine model of multiple sclerosis. Female C57BL/6 mice immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35–55) were topically treated with 2% moringin cream twice daily from the onset of the symptoms until the sacrifice occurred about 21 days after experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction. Results Our observations showed the efficacy of 2% moringin cream treatment in reducing clinical and histological disease score, as well as in alleviating neuropathic pain with consequent recovering of the hind limbs and response to mechanical stimuli. In particular, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical evaluations revealed that 2% moringin cream was able to counteract the inflammatory cascade by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-17 and interferon-γ) and in parallel by increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-10). Interestingly, 2% moringin cream treatment was found to modulate the expression of voltage-gated ion channels (results focused on P2X7, Nav 1.7, Nav 1.8 KV4.2, and α2δ-1) as well as metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5 and xCT) involved in neuropathic pain initiation and maintenance. Conclusions Finally, our evidences suggest 2% moringin cream as a new pharmacological trend in the management of multiple sclerosis-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giacoppo
- RCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Bologna, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- RCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy
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Joksimovic SL, Joksimovic SM, Tesic V, García-Caballero A, Feseha S, Zamponi GW, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Todorovic SM. Selective inhibition of Ca V3.2 channels reverses hyperexcitability of peripheral nociceptors and alleviates postsurgical pain. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaao4425. [PMID: 30154101 PMCID: PMC6193449 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pain-sensing sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) can become sensitized or hyperexcitable in response to surgically induced peripheral tissue injury. We investigated the potential role and molecular mechanisms of nociceptive ion channel dysregulation in acute pain conditions such as those resulting from skin and soft tissue incision. We used selective pharmacology, electrophysiology, and mouse genetics to link increased current densities arising from the CaV3.2 isoform of T-type calcium channels (T-channels) to nociceptive sensitization using a clinically relevant rodent model of skin and deep tissue incision. Furthermore, knockdown of the CaV3.2-targeting deubiquitinating enzyme USP5 or disruption of USP5 binding to CaV3.2 channels in peripheral nociceptors resulted in a robust antihyperalgesic effect in vivo and substantial T-current reduction in vitro. Our study provides mechanistic insight into the role of plasticity in CaV3.2 channel activity after surgical incision and identifies potential targets for perioperative pain that may greatly decrease the need for narcotics and potential for drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja L Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan M Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Agustin García-Caballero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Simon Feseha
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Sekiguchi F, Tsubota M, Kawabata A. Involvement of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Inflammation and Inflammatory Pain. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1127-1134. [PMID: 30068860 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are classified into high-voltage-activated (HVA) channels and low-voltage-activated channels consisting of Cav3.1-3.3, known as T ("transient")-type VGCC. There is evidence that certain types of HVA channels are involved in neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory pain, in agreement with reports indicating the therapeutic effectiveness of gabapentinoids, ligands for the α2δ subunit of HVA, in treating not only neuropathic, but also inflammatory, pain. Among the Cav3 family members, Cav3.2 is abundantly expressed in the primary afferents, regulating both neuronal excitability at the peripheral terminals and spontaneous neurotransmitter release at the spinal terminals. The function and expression of Cav3.2 are modulated by a variety of inflammatory mediators including prostanoids and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter. The increased activity of Cav3.2 by H2S participates in colonic, bladder and pancreatic pain, and regulates visceral inflammation. Together, VGCCs are involved in inflammation and inflammatory pain, and Cav3.2 T-type VGCC is especially a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of visceral inflammatory pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, pancreatitis, etc., in addition to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
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Du Nguyen H, Okada T, Kitamura S, Yamaoka S, Horaguchi Y, Kasanami Y, Sekiguchi F, Tsubota M, Yoshida S, Nishikawa H, Kawabata A, Toyooka N. Design and synthesis of novel anti-hyperalgesic agents based on 6-prenylnaringenin as the T-type calcium channel blockers. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4410-4427. [PMID: 30031654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PNG) was recently identified as a novel T-type calcium channel blocker with the IC50 value around 1 µM, a series of flavanone derivatives were designed, synthesized and subsequently evaluated for T-channel-blocking activity in HEK293 cells transfected with Cav3.2 T-type channels using a patch-clamp technique. As a result, several new flavanones blocked Cav3.2-dependent T-currents more potently than 6-PNG. In the synthesized compounds, 6-(3-ethylpent-2-enyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one 8j, 6-(3-ethylpent-2-enyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one 11b, 6-(2-cyclopentylideneethyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one 11d, and 6-(2-Cyclopentylethyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one 12c were more potent blocker than 6-PNG with the IC50 value of 0.39, 0.26, 0.46, and 0.50 µM, respectively. Among the above four derivatives, the compound 8j provided the best result in the in vivo experiments; i.e. systemic administration of 8j at the minimum dose completely restored neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Du Nguyen
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Shun Kitamura
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Sakura Yamaoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yamato Horaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | | | - Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yoshida
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | | | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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Sekiguchi F, Fujita T, Deguchi T, Yamaoka S, Tomochika K, Tsubota M, Ono S, Horaguchi Y, Ichii M, Ichikawa M, Ueno Y, Koike N, Tanino T, Nguyen HD, Okada T, Nishikawa H, Yoshida S, Ohkubo T, Toyooka N, Murata K, Matsuda H, Kawabata A. Blockade of T-type calcium channels by 6-prenylnaringenin, a hop component, alleviates neuropathic and visceral pain in mice. Neuropharmacology 2018; 138:232-244. [PMID: 29913186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Since Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) expressed in the primary afferents and CNS contribute to intractable pain, we explored T-channel-blocking components in distinct herbal extracts using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique in HEK293 cells stably expressing Cav3.2 or Cav3.1, and purified and identified sophoraflavanone G (SG) as an active compound from SOPHORAE RADIX (SR). Interestingly, hop-derived SG analogues, (2S)-6-prenylnaringenin (6-PNG) and (2S)-8-PNG, but not naringenin, also blocked T-channels; IC50 (μM) of SG, (2S)-6-PNG and (2S)-8-PNG was 0.68-0.75 for Cav3.2 and 0.99-1.41 for Cav3.1. (2S)-6-PNG and (2S)-8-PNG, but not SG, exhibited reversible inhibition. The racemic (2R/S)-6-PNG as well as (2S)-6-PNG potently blocked Cav3.2, but exhibited minor effect on high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels and voltage-gated Na+ channels in differentiated NG108-15 cells. In mice, the mechanical allodynia following intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of an H2S donor was abolished by oral or i.p. SR extract and by i.pl. SG, (2S)-6-PNG or (2S)-8-PNG, but not naringenin. Intraperitoneal (2R/S)-6-PNG strongly suppressed visceral pain and spinal ERK phosphorylation following intracolonic administration of an H2S donor in mice. (2R/S)-6-PNG, administered i.pl. or i.p., suppressed the neuropathic allodynia induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation or oxaliplatin, an anti-cancer agent, in mice. (2R/S)-6-PNG had little or no effect on open-field behavior, motor performance or cardiovascular function in mice, and on the contractility of isolated rat aorta. (2R/S)-6-PNG, but not SG, was detectable in the brain after their i.p. administration in mice. Our data suggest that 6-PNG, a hop component, blocks T-channels, and alleviates neuropathic and visceral pain with little side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Fujita
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takahiro Deguchi
- Division of Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Sakura Yamaoka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Tomochika
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Sumire Ono
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yamato Horaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Maki Ichii
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mio Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yumiko Ueno
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Nene Koike
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tadatoshi Tanino
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Huy Du Nguyen
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yoshida
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyako Ohkubo
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences and Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Fukuoka Nursing College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuya Murata
- Division of Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsuda
- Division of Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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