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Jin Y, Yuan H, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Liang X, Gao W, Ren Z, Ji X, Wu D. Role of hydrogen sulfide in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e661. [PMID: 39156767 PMCID: PMC11329756 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was recognized as a toxic and dangerous gas; in recent years, with increased research, we have discovered that H2S can act as an endogenous regulatory transmitter. In mammals, H2S-catalyzing enzymes, such as cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, are differentially expressed in a variety of tissues and affect a variety of biological functions, such as transcriptional and posttranslational modification of genes, activation of signaling pathways in the cell, and metabolic processes in tissues, by producing H2S. Various preclinical studies have shown that H2S affects physiological and pathological processes in the body. However, a detailed systematic summary of these roles in health and disease is lacking. Therefore, this review provides a thorough overview of the physiological roles of H2S in different systems and the diseases associated with disorders of H2S metabolism, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Meanwhile, this paper also introduces H2S donors and novel release modes, as well as the latest preclinical experimental results, aiming to provide researchers with new ideas to discover new diagnostic targets and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Qing Jin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Hang Yuan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Ya‐Fang Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Yi‐Wen Zhu
- School of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Xiao‐Yi Liang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Zhi‐Guang Ren
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Xin‐Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
- Faculty of Basic Medical SubjectsShu‐Qing Medical College of ZhengzhouZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Dong‐Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
- School of StomatologyHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
- Department of StomatologyHuaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
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Coffman CN, Carroll-Portillo A, Alcock J, Singh SB, Rumsey K, Braun CA, Xue B, Lin HC. Magnesium Oxide Reduces Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice by Inhibiting Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1429. [PMID: 39065198 PMCID: PMC11279233 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota-brain axis allows for bidirectional communication between the microbes in our gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. Psychological stress has been known to disrupt the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) leading to anxiety-like behavior. Pathogens administered into the gut have been reported to cause anxiety. Whether commensal bacteria affect the gut-brain axis is not well understood. In this study, we examined the impact of a commensal sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and its metabolite, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), on anxiety-like behavior. We found that mice gavaged with SRB had increased anxiety-like behavior as measured by the open field test. We also tested the effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) on SRB growth both in vitro and in vivo using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model. We found that MgO inhibited SRB growth and H2S production in a dose-dependent fashion. Mice that underwent psychological stress using the WAS model were observed to have an overgrowth (bloom) of SRB (Deferribacterota) and increased anxiety-like behavior. However, WAS-induced overgrowth of SRB and anxiety-like behavioral effects were attenuated in animals fed a MgO-enriched diet. These findings supported a potential MgO-reversible relationship between WAS-induced SRB blooms and anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina N. Coffman
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA; (C.N.C.); (S.B.S.); (C.A.B.); (B.X.)
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA;
| | - Amanda Carroll-Portillo
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Joe Alcock
- Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Sudha B. Singh
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA; (C.N.C.); (S.B.S.); (C.A.B.); (B.X.)
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA;
| | - Kellin Rumsey
- Statistical Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
| | - Cody A. Braun
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA; (C.N.C.); (S.B.S.); (C.A.B.); (B.X.)
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA;
| | - Bingye Xue
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA; (C.N.C.); (S.B.S.); (C.A.B.); (B.X.)
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA;
| | - Henry C. Lin
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Koc A, Koc DS, Askin CI, Kara H, Ozturk Fincan GS, Ozger Ilhan S, Sarioglu Y. Effects of hydrogen sulfide on relaxation responses in the lower esophageal sphincter in rabbits: the potential role of potassium channels. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1537-1550. [PMID: 37668686 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a significant physiologic inhibitory neurotransmitter. The main goal of this research was to examine the contribution of diverse potassium (K+) channels and nitric oxide (NO) in mediating the H2S effect on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced neurogenic contractile responses in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). EFS-induced contractile responses of rabbit isolated LES strips were recorded using force transducers in organ baths that contain Krebs-Henseleit solutions (20 ml). Cumulative doses of NaHS, L-cysteine, PAG, and AOAA were evaluated in NO-dependent and NO-independent groups. The experiments were conducted again in the presence of K+ channel blockers. In both NO-dependent and NO-independent groups, NaHS, L-cysteine, PAG, and AOAA significantly reduced EFS-induced contractile responses. In the NO-dependent group, the effect of NaHS and L-cysteine decreased in the presence of 4-AP, and also the effect of NaHS decreased in the NO-dependent and independent group in the presence of TEA. In the NO-independent group, K+ channel blockers didn't change L-cysteine-induced relaxations. K+ channel blockers had no impact on the effects of PAG and AOAA. In addition, NaHS significantly relaxed 80-mM KCl-induced contractions, whereas L-cysteine, PAG, and AOAA did not. In the present study, H2S decreased the amplitudes of EFS-induced contraction responses. These results suggest that Kv channels and NO significantly contribute to exogenous H2S and endogenous H2S precursor L-cysteine inhibitory effect on lower esophageal sphincter smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Koc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Sebile Koc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Celil Ilker Askin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Kara
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Sevil Ozger Ilhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sarioglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zou J, Yuan Z, Chen X, Chen Y, Yao M, Chen Y, Li X, Chen Y, Ding W, Xia C, Zhao Y, Gao F. Hydrogen sulfide responsive nanoplatforms: Novel gas responsive drug delivery carriers for biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100858. [PMID: 38362469 PMCID: PMC10867614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic, essential gas used in various biological and physical processes and has been the subject of many targeted studies on its role as a new gas transmitter. These studies have mainly focused on the production and pharmacological side effects caused by H2S. Therefore, effective strategies to remove H2S has become a key research topic. Furthermore, the development of novel nanoplatforms has provided new tools for the targeted removal of H2S. This paper was performed to review the association between H2S and disease, related H2S inhibitory drugs, as well as H2S responsive nanoplatforms (HRNs). This review first analyzed the role of H2S in multiple tissues and conditions. Second, common drugs used to eliminate H2S, as well as their potential for combination with anticancer agents, were summarized. Not only the existing studies on HRNs, but also the inhibition H2S combined with different therapeutic methods were both sorted out in this review. Furthermore, this review provided in-depth analysis of the potential of HRNs about treatment or detection in detail. Finally, potential challenges of HRNs were proposed. This study demonstrates the excellent potential of HRNs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Zou
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zeting Yuan
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - You Chen
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Yao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenxing Ding
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chuanhe Xia
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Chen W, Li T, Chen C, Zhang J, Ma Z, Hou W, Yao Y, Mao W, Liu C, Kong D, Tang S, Shen W. Three-dimensional ordered DNA network constructed by a biomarker pair for accurate monitoring of colorectal cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 232:115335. [PMID: 37087986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Precise and early screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) is one crucial yet challenging task for its treatment, and the analysis of multi-targets of CRC in a single assay with high accuracy is essential for pathological research and clinical diagnosis. Here, a CRC-related biomarker pair, microRNA-211 (miRNA-211) and H2S, was detected by constructing a three-dimensional (3D) ordered DNA network. First, trace amount of miRNA-211 could initiate a hybridization chain reaction-based amplification process. A highly ordered 3D DNA network was formed based on the organized assembly of DNA-cube frameworks that were constructed by DNA origamis and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated inside. In the presence of the H2S, Ag NPs within the network can be etched to generate Ag2S quantum dots, which could be better visualized in fluorescence in situ cell imaging. Using the 3D DNA ordered network as the sensing platform, it can acquire dual analysis of biomolecule (miRNA-211) and inorganic gas (H2S) in vitro, overcoming the limitations of single type of biomarker detection in a single assay. This assay achieved a wide linearity range of H2S from 0.05 to 10 μM, and exhibited a low limit of detection of 4.78 nM. This strategy allows us to acquire the spatial distributions of H2S and miRNA expression levels in living CRC cells simultaneously, providing a highly sensitive and selective tool for early screening and monitoring of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chengbo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ziyu Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Weilin Hou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Mao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dezhao Kong
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Lin M, Hu G, Yu B. Dysregulated cystathionine-β-synthase/hydrogen sulfide signaling promotes chronic stress-induced colonic hypermotility in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14488. [PMID: 36371703 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), an important endogenous gasotransmitter, is involved in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility, but whether it mediates the intestinal dysmotility in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not known. This study explored the significance of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)/H2 S signaling in stress-induced colonic dysmotility. METHODS A rat model of IBS was established using chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Colonic pathological alterations were detected histologically. Intestinal motility was determined by intestinal transit time (ITT) and fecal water content (FWC). Visceral sensitivity was assessed using the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD). Real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining were performed to identify the expression of CBS in the colon. The contractions of distal colon were studied in an organ bath system and H2 S content was measured by ELISA. The effects of SAM, a selective CBS activator, on colonic dysmotility were examined. MEK1 was tested as a potential upstream effector of CBS/H2 S loss. KEY RESULTS After 10 days of WAS, the ITT was decreased and FWC was increased, and the VMR magnitude in response to CRD was enhanced. The colonic CBS expression and H2 S levels were significantly declined in WAS-exposed rats, and the density of CBS-positive enteric neurons in the myenteric plexus in WAS-treated rats was lower than that in controls. SAM treatment relieved WAS-induced colonic hypermotility via increased H2 S production. AZD6244, a selective inhibitor of MEK1, partially reversed CBS downregulation and colonic hypermotility in WAS-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Decreased CBS/H2 S signaling through increased MEK1 signaling might be important in the pathogenesis of chronic stress-induced colonic hypermotility. SAM could be administered for disorders associated with intestinal hypermotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiying Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Quan X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Sun C, Luo H, Wang J. Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Development of Colonic Hypomotility in a Diabetic Mouse Model Induced by Streptozocin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:287-295. [PMID: 36357158 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gasotransmitter, is involved in the regulation of gut motility. Alterations in the balance of H2S play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the role of H2S in the colonic hypomotility of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. A single intraperitoneal injection of STZ was used to induce the type 1 diabetes model. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into a control group and an STZ-treated group. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, H2S generation, organ bath studies and whole-cell patch clamp techniques were carried out in single smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the colon. We found that STZ-induced diabetic mice showed decreased stool output, impaired colonic contractility, and increased endogenous generation of H2S (p < 0.05). H2S-producing enzymes were upregulated in the colon tissues of diabetic mice (p < 0.05). The exogenous H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) elicited a biphasic action on colonic muscle contraction with excitation at lower concentrations and inhibition at higher concentrations. NaHS (0.1 mM) increased the currents of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), while NaHS at 0.5 mM and 1.5 mM induced inhibition. Furthermore, NaHS reduced the currents of both voltage-dependent potassium (KV) channels and large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that spontaneous contraction of colonic muscle strips from diabetic mice induced by STZ was significantly decreased, which may underlie the constipation associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). H2S overproduction with subsequent suppression of muscle contraction via VDCCs on SMCs may contribute in part to the pathogenesis of colonic hypomotility in DM. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Hydrogen sulfide may exhibit a biphasic effect on colonic motility in mice by regulating the activities of voltage-dependent calcium channels and voltage-dependent and large conductance calcium activated potassium channels. H2S overproduction with subsequent suppression of muscle contraction via VDCCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of colonic hypomotility in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
| | - Ceng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
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8
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Wang S, Ding Y, Jiang W. CSE/H2S ameliorates colitis in mice via protection of enteric glial cells and inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966881. [PMID: 36189321 PMCID: PMC9520914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric glial cells (EGCs) participate in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract, and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays a vital role in colonic tight junctions. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to alleviate colitis. However, the effect and mechanism of endogenous H2S on colitis remain unclear. This study established a Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) knockout mouse model, a significant source of H2S production in the gut. The role of CSE-produced H2S on EGCs and the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was investigated in experimental colitis using CSE knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. CSE gene knockout animals presented with disease progression, more deteriorated clinical scores, colon shortening, and histological damage. EGCs dysfunction, characterized by decreased expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), C3, and S100A10, was observed in the colon of WT and KO mice, especially in KO mice. RhoA/ROCK pathway was significantly upregulated in colon of colitis mice, which was more evident in KO mice. Pretreatment with NaHS, an exogenous H2S donor, significantly ameliorated mucosal injury and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors. Furthermore, we found that NaHS promoted the transformation of EGCs from “A1” to “A2” type, with decreased expression of C3 and increased expression of S100A10. These findings suggest that CSE/H2S protects mice from colon inflammation, which may be associated with preserving EGCs function by promoting EGCs transformation and inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyu Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Jiang,
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Cirino G, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues and organs. Physiol Rev 2022; 103:31-276. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S belongs to the class of molecules known as gasotransmitters, which also includes nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Three enzymes are recognized as endogenous sources of H2S in various cells and tissues: cystathionine g-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The current article reviews the regulation of these enzymes as well as the pathways of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation and elimination. The multiple interactions of H2S with other labile endogenous molecules (e.g. NO) and reactive oxygen species are also outlined. The various biological targets and signaling pathways are discussed, with special reference to H2S and oxidative posttranscriptional modification of proteins, the effect of H2S on channels and intracellular second messenger pathways, the regulation of gene transcription and translation and the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. The pharmacological and molecular tools currently available to study H2S physiology are also reviewed, including their utility and limitations. In subsequent sections, the role of H2S in the regulation of various physiological and cellular functions is reviewed. The physiological role of H2S in various cell types and organ systems are overviewed. Finally, the role of H2S in the regulation of various organ functions is discussed as well as the characteristic bell-shaped biphasic effects of H2S. In addition, key pathophysiological aspects, debated areas, and future research and translational areas are identified A wide array of significant roles of H2S in the physiological regulation of all organ functions emerges from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece & Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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10
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Imam H, Nguyen TH, Stafford I, Liu S, Heresztyn T, Chirkov YY, Horowitz JD. Impairment of platelet NO signalling in coronary artery spasm: role of hydrogen sulphide. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1639-1650. [PMID: 33486763 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathophysiology of coronary artery spasm (CAS), with its associated ischaemic crises, is currently poorly understood and treatment is frequently ineffective. In view of increasing evidence that platelet-based defects may occur in CAS patients, we investigated platelet reactivity in CAS patients and whether symptomatic crises reflect activation of platelet-endothelial interactions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CAS patients were evaluated during acute and/or chronic symptomatic phases and compared with healthy control subjects. Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and plasma concentrations of syndecan 1 (glycocalyx shedding marker), tryptase (mast cell activation marker) and platelet microparticles were measured. KEY RESULTS Inhibition of platelet aggregation by SNP was diminished in chronic CAS, with further (non-significant) deterioration during symptomatic crises, whereas plasma concentrations of syndecan 1, tryptase and platelet microparticles increased. Treatment of patients with high-dose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus glyceryl trinitrate rapidly increased platelet responsiveness to SNP and decreased plasma syndecan 1 concentrations. The effect of NAC on platelet responsiveness to SNP was confirmed in vitro and mimicked by the H2 S donor NaHS. Conversely, inhibition of enzymatic production of H2 S attenuated NAC effect. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CAS is associated with substantial impairment of platelet NO signalling. During acute symptomatic exacerbations, platelet resistance to NO is aggravated, together with mast cell activation and damage to both vasculature and platelets. NAC, via release of H2 S, reverses platelet resistance to NO and terminates glycocalyx shedding during symptomatic crises: This suggests that H2 S donors may correct the pathophysiological anomalies underlying CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Imam
- Cardiology Research Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Cardiology Research Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Irene Stafford
- Cardiology Research Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Saifei Liu
- Cardiology Research Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tamila Heresztyn
- Cardiology Research Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yuliy Y Chirkov
- Cardiology Research Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John D Horowitz
- Cardiology Research Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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11
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Gastreich-Seelig M, Jimenez M, Pouokam E. Mechanisms Associated to Nitroxyl (HNO)-Induced Relaxation in the Intestinal Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 32581821 PMCID: PMC7283591 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of nitroxyl (HNO) donors in the gastrointestinal tract are unknown. We investigated the properties of this molecule in the regulation of gastrointestinal contractility focusing on its possible interaction with other gaseous signaling molecules such as NO and H2S. Organ bath, Ca2+ imaging, and microelectrode recordings were performed on rat intestinal samples, using Angeli’s salt as HNO donor. Angeli’s salt caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of longitudinal or circular muscle strips of the ileum and the proximal colon. This relaxation was strongly inhibited by the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (10 μM), by the reducing agent DTT or by the inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) ODQ (10 μM) alone or in combination with the inhibitors of the endogenous synthesis of H2S β-cyano-L-alanine (5 mM) and amino-oxyacetate (5 mM). Preventing endogenous synthesis of NO by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (200 μM) did not affect the relaxation induced by HNO. HNO induced an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in colonic myocytes. It also elicited myocyte membrane hyperpolarization that amounted to −10.6 ± 1.1 mV. ODQ (10 μM) and Apamin (1 μM), a selective inhibitor of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SKca), strongly antagonized this effect. We conclude that HNO relaxes the gastrointestinal tract musculature by hyperpolarizing myocytes via activation of the sGC/cGMP pathway similarly to NO, not only inhibiting the RhoK and activating MLCP as do both NO and H2S but also increasing cytosolic Ca2+ for activation of SKCa contributing to hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Gastreich-Seelig
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcel Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neurosciences Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ervice Pouokam
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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12
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The role of hydrogen sulfide in gastrointestinal tract functioning (review). CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite a fairly large amount of literature data about the involvement of hydrogen sulfide in physiological and pathophysiological processes, its role in gastrointestinal tract functioning has not been studied sufficiently. This review systematizes and generalizes the mechanisms of H2S-associated regulation of gastrointestinal secretion and motility on the basis of literature sources processing and own research results. We analysed world professional literature and sources in Google Scholar, PubMed, MedLine, Embase, Cochrane, and data from more than 50 articles and books on the problem were processed in the article. This review gives a synopsis of the H2S function in the regulation of the secretory and motor-evacuation function, and in stimulating the reparative properties of the digestive tract, and indicates the main mechanisms.
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Grasa L, Abecia L, Peña-Cearra A, Robles S, Layunta E, Latorre E, Mesonero JE, Forcén R. TLR2 and TLR4 interact with sulfide system in the modulation of mouse colonic motility. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13648. [PMID: 31119834 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H2 S is a neuromodulator that may inhibit intestinal motility. H2 S production in colon is yielded by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) enzymes and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize intestinal microbiota. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of TLR2 and TLR4 on the endogenous and SRB-mediated synthesis of H2 S and its consequences on the colonic motility of mouse. METHODS Muscle contractility studies were performed in colon from WT, Tlr2-/- , and Tlr4-/- mice. The mRNA levels of TLR2, TLR4, CBS, CSE, and SRB were measured by real-time PCR. Free sulfide levels in colon and feces were determined by colorimetric assays. RESULTS NaHS and GYY4137, donors of H2 S, reduced the contractility of colon. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), inhibitor of CBS, and D-L propargylglycine (PAG), inhibitor of CSE, increased the contractility of colon. In vivo treatment with NaHS or GYY4137 inhibited the spontaneous contractions and upregulated TLR2 expression. The in vivo activation of TLR4 with lipopolysaccharide increased the contractile response to PAG, mRNA levels of CSE, and the free sulfide levels of H2 S in colon. In Tlr2-/- and Tlr4-/- mice, the contractions induced by AOAA and PAG and mRNA levels of CBS and CSE were lower with respect to WT mice. Deficiency of TLR2 or TLR4 provokes alterations in free sulfide levels and SRB of colon. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Our study demonstrates interaction between TLR2 and TLR4 and the sulfide system in the regulation of colonic motility and contributes to the pathophysiology knowledge of intestinal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ainize Peña-Cearra
- CIC bioGUNE, Spain.,University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Sofia Robles
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Layunta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Univesity of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Latorre
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Emilio Mesonero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Forcén
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Nalli AD, Wang H, Bhattacharya S, Blakeney BA, Murthy KS. Inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway and smooth muscle contraction by hydrogen sulfide. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 5. [PMID: 28971603 PMCID: PMC5625153 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) plays an important role in smooth muscle relaxation. Here, we investigated the expression of enzymes in H2 S synthesis and the mechanism regulating colonic smooth muscle function by H2 S. Expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), but not cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), was identified in the colonic smooth muscle of rabbit, mouse, and human. Carbachol (CCh)-induced contraction in rabbit muscle strips and isolated muscle cells was inhibited by l-cysteine (substrate of CSE) and NaHS (an exogenous H2 S donor) in a concentration-dependent fashion. H2 S induced S-sulfhydration of RhoA that was associated with inhibition of RhoA activity. CCh-induced Rho kinase activity also was inhibited by l-cysteine and NaHS in a concentration-dependent fashion. Inhibition of CCh-induced contraction by l-cysteine was blocked by the CSE inhibitor, dl-propargylglycine (DL-PPG) in dispersed muscle cells. Inhibition of CCh-induced Rho kinase activity by l-cysteine was blocked by CSE siRNA in cultured cells and DL-PPG in dispersed muscle cells. Stimulation of Rho kinase activity and muscle contraction in response to CCh was also inhibited by l-cysteine or NaHS in colonic muscle cells from mouse and human. Collectively, our studies identified the expression of CSE in colonic smooth muscle and determined that sulfhydration of RhoA by H2 S leads to inhibition of RhoA and Rho kinase activities and muscle contraction. The mechanism identified may provide novel therapeutic approaches to mitigate gastrointestinal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancy D Nalli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sayak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Bryan A Blakeney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Karnam S Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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15
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Tomuschat C, O'Donnell AM, Coyle D, Puri P. Reduction of hydrogen sulfide synthesis enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase in the colon of patients with Hirschsprungs disease. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:525-530. [PMID: 28689885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hirschsprung associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in Hirschsprung Disease (HSCR). The pathogenesis of HAEC is poorly understood. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that a compromised intestinal barrier function plays a major role in the pathogenesis of HAEC. Hydrogen sulfide, synthesized from L-cysteine by two key enzymes, cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lysase (CSE) is reported to play a key role in regulating gastrointestinal motility and promoting resolution of inflammation. We designed this study to test the hypothesis that CBS and CSE expression is altered in the colon of patients with HSCR. METHODS We investigated CBS and CSE protein expression in both the aganglionic and ganglionic regions of HSCR patients (n=10) versus healthy control colon (n=10). Protein distribution was assessed by using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Gene and protein expression was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot analysis, and densitometry. MAIN RESULTS qPCR and Western blot analysis revealed that CBS and CSE are expressed in the normal human colon. CBS and CSE expression was significantly decreased (p<0.003) in the ganglionic and aganglionic bowel in HSCR compared to controls. Confocal microscopy revealed that CBS and CSE expression in smooth muscles, interstitial cells of Cajal, platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor-positive cells, enteric neurons and colonic epithelium was markedly decreased in HSCR specimens compared to controls. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time the expression and distribution of CBS/CSE in patients with HSCR. The observed decreased expression of CBS and CSE may affect mucosal integrity and colonic contractility and thus render HSCR patients more susceptible to develop HAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tomuschat
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie O'Donnell
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Coyle
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CII: Pharmacological Modulation of H 2S Levels: H 2S Donors and H 2S Biosynthesis Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:497-564. [PMID: 28978633 PMCID: PMC5629631 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important endogenous gasotransmitter in mammalian cells and tissues. Similar to the previously characterized gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, H2S is produced by various enzymatic reactions and regulates a host of physiologic and pathophysiological processes in various cells and tissues. H2S levels are decreased in a number of conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, ischemia, and aging) and are increased in other states (e.g., inflammation, critical illness, and cancer). Over the last decades, multiple approaches have been identified for the therapeutic exploitation of H2S, either based on H2S donation or inhibition of H2S biosynthesis. H2S donation can be achieved through the inhalation of H2S gas and/or the parenteral or enteral administration of so-called fast-releasing H2S donors (salts of H2S such as NaHS and Na2S) or slow-releasing H2S donors (GYY4137 being the prototypical compound used in hundreds of studies in vitro and in vivo). Recent work also identifies various donors with regulated H2S release profiles, including oxidant-triggered donors, pH-dependent donors, esterase-activated donors, and organelle-targeted (e.g., mitochondrial) compounds. There are also approaches where existing, clinically approved drugs of various classes (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories) are coupled with H2S-donating groups (the most advanced compound in clinical trials is ATB-346, an H2S-donating derivative of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound naproxen). For pharmacological inhibition of H2S synthesis, there are now several small molecule compounds targeting each of the three H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Although many of these compounds have their limitations (potency, selectivity), these molecules, especially in combination with genetic approaches, can be instrumental for the delineation of the biologic processes involving endogenous H2S production. Moreover, some of these compounds (e.g., cell-permeable prodrugs of the CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate, or benserazide, a potentially repurposable CBS inhibitor) may serve as starting points for future clinical translation. The present article overviews the currently known H2S donors and H2S biosynthesis inhibitors, delineates their mode of action, and offers examples for their biologic effects and potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
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Nalli AD, Bhattacharya S, Wang H, Kendig DM, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Augmentation of cGMP/PKG pathway and colonic motility by hydrogen sulfide. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G330-G341. [PMID: 28705807 PMCID: PMC5668569 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00161.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), like nitric oxide (NO), causes smooth muscle relaxation, but unlike NO, does not stimulate soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activity and generate cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate (cGMP). The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between NO and H2S in colonic smooth muscle. In colonic smooth muscle from rabbit, mouse, and human, l-cysteine, substrate of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), or NaHS, an H2S donor, inhibited phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) activity and augmented the increase in cGMP levels, IP3 receptor phosphorylation at Ser1756 (measured as a proxy for PKG activation), and muscle relaxation in response to NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), suggesting augmentation of cGMP/PKG pathway by H2S. The inhibitory effect of l-cysteine, but not NaHS, on PDE5 activity was blocked in cells transfected with CSE siRNA or treated with CSE inhibitor d,l-propargylglycine (dl-PPG), suggesting activation of CSE and generation of H2S in response to l-cysteine. H2S levels were increased in response to l-cysteine, and the effect of l-cysteine was augmented by GSNO in a cGMP-dependent protein kinase-sensitive manner, suggesting augmentation of CSE/H2S by cGMP/PKG pathway. As a result, GSNO-induced relaxation was inhibited by dl-PPG. In flat-sheet preparation of colon, l-cysteine augmented calcitonin gene-related peptide release in response to mucosal stimulation, and in intact segments, l-cysteine increased the velocity of pellet propulsion. These results demonstrate that in colonic smooth muscle, there is a novel interplay between NO and H2S. NO generates H2S via cGMP/PKG pathway, and H2S, in turn, inhibits PDE5 activity and augments NO-induced cGMP levels. In the intact colon, H2S promotes colonic transit.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) are important regulators of gastrointestinal motility. The studies herein provide the cross talk between NO and H2S signaling to mediate smooth muscle relaxation and colonic transit. H2S inhibits phosphodiesterase 5 activity to augment cGMP levels in response to NO, which, in turn, via cGMP/PKG pathway, generates H2S. These studies suggest that interventions targeted at restoring NO and H2S homeostasis within the smooth muscle may provide novel therapeutic approaches to mitigate motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancy D Nalli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sayak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Derek M Kendig
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John R Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Karnam S Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Jimenez M, Gil V, Martinez‐Cutillas M, Mañé N, Gallego D. Hydrogen sulphide as a signalling molecule regulating physiopathological processes in gastrointestinal motility. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174. [PMID: 28631296 PMCID: PMC5554320 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of H2 S is a still developing area of research and several biological functions have been recently attributed to this gaseous molecule in many physiological systems, including the cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory, digestive and central nervous system (CNS). H2 S exerts anti-inflammatory effects and can be considered an endogenous mediator with potential effects on gastrointestinal motility. During the last few years, we have investigated the role of H2 S as a regulator of gastrointestinal motility using both animal and human tissues. The aim of the present work is to review published data regarding the potential role of H2 S as a signalling molecule regulating physiopathological processes in gastrointestinal motor function. H2 S is endogenously produced by defined enzymic pathways in different cell types of the intestinal wall including neurons and smooth muscle. Inhibition of H2 S biosynthesis increases motility and H2 S donors cause smooth muscle relaxation and inhibition of propulsive motor patterns. Impaired H2 S production has been described in animal models with gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. The mechanism(s) of action underlying these effects may include several ion channels, although no specific receptor has been identified. At this time, even though there is much experimental evidence for H2 S as a modulator of gastrointestinal motility, we still do not have conclusive experimental evidence to definitively propose H2 S as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal tract, causing nerve-mediated relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - V Gil
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - M Martinez‐Cutillas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - N Mañé
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - D Gallego
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
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Meng XM, Huang X, Lu HL, Zhang CM, Kim YC, Chen J, Xu WX. H 2 S-induced gastric fundus smooth muscle tension potentiation is mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:779-790. [PMID: 28383821 DOI: 10.1113/ep086288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The present study investigated the relationship between H2 S and NO in regulation of gastric fundus tension. What is the main finding and its importance? Endogenous or exogenous H2 S and NO have opposite effects on fundus tension, and H2 S-induced gastric fundus tension enhancements are mediated by inhibition of NO generation through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. These results are very important in exploring the mechanism of physiological accommodation and accommodation disorder. Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) is considered a new gasotransmitter, along with NO and CO. It was recently confirmed that H2 S and NO play important roles in the regulation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle tension. The present study was designed to elucidate the interactions between H2 S and NO with respect to the regulation of gastric fundus smooth muscle tension using Western blotting, physiological and electrochemical techniques. Real-time H2 S and NO generation was detected in gastric smooth muscle tissue. NaHS, an H2 S donor, enhanced fundus smooth muscle tension, whereas SNP, an NO donor, decreased fundus smooth muscle tension in a dose-dependent manner. NaHS-induced increases in fundus smooth muscle tension were suppressed by l-NAME, an NO synthase inhibitor. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a cystathionine β-synthase inhibitor, exerted inhibitory effects on fundus smooth muscle tension; these effects were also suppressed by l-NAME. Real-time NO generation was significantly potentiated by AOAA. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at serine 1177 and Akt phosphorylation at serine 308 and threonine 473 were significantly inhibited by NaHS. LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, blocked these NaHS-mediated effects. However, eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 and Akt phosphorylation at serine 308 and threonine 473 were significantly potentiated by AOAA. Cystathionine β-synthase siRNA interference significantly increased eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 and Akt phosphorylation at serine 308 and threonine 473. Cystathionine β-synthase siRNA interference also increased total eNOS protein expression levels but did not significantly change total Akt kinase protein expression levels. These results suggest that H2 S-induced enhancement of gastric fundus tension is mediated by inhibition of NO generation through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Min Meng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Li Lu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xie Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The family of gasotransmitter molecules, nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), has emerged as an important mediator of numerous cellular signal transduction and pathophysiological responses. As such, these molecules have been reported to influence a diverse array of biochemical, molecular, and cell biology events often impacting one another. Recent Advances: Discrete regulation of gasotransmitter molecule formation, movement, and reaction is critical to their biological function. Due to the chemical nature of these molecules, they can move rapidly throughout cells and tissues acting on targets through reactions with metal groups, reactive chemical species, and protein amino acids. CRITICAL ISSUES Given the breadth and complexity of gasotransmitter reactions, this field of research is expanding into exciting, yet sometimes confusing, areas of study with significant promise for understanding health and disease. The precise amounts of tissue and cellular gasotransmitter levels and where they are formed, as well as how they react with molecular targets or themselves, all remain poorly understood. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Elucidation of specific molecular targets, characteristics of gasotransmitter molecule heterotypic interactions, and spatiotemporal formation and metabolism are all important to better understand their true pathophysiological importance in various organ systems. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 936-960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi K Kolluru
- 1 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xinggui Shen
- 1 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Shuai Yuan
- 2 Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- 1 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana.,2 Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana.,3 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
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Ritz NL, Lin DM, Wilson MR, Barton LL, Lin HC. Sulfate-reducing bacteria slow intestinal transit in a bismuth-reversible fashion in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 27477318 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) serves as a mammalian cell-derived gaseous neurotransmitter. The intestines are exposed to a second source of this gas by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Bismuth subsalicylate binds H2 S rendering it insoluble. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that SRB may slow intestinal transit in a bismuth-reversible fashion. METHODS Eighty mice were randomized to five groups consisting of Live SRB, Killed SRB, SRB+Bismuth, Bismuth, and Saline. Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a common strain of SRB, was administered by gavage at the dose of 1.0 × 109 cells along with rhodamine, a fluorescent dye. Intestinal transit was measured 50 minutes after gavage by euthanizing the animals, removing the small intestine between the pyloric sphincter and the ileocecal valve and visualizing the distribution of rhodamine across the intestine using an imaging system (IVIS, Perkin-Elmer). Intestinal transit (n=50) was compared using geometric center (1=minimal movement, 100=maximal movement). H2 S concentration (n=30) was also measured when small intestinal luminal content was allowed to generate this gas. KEY RESULTS The Live SRB group had slower intestinal transit as represented by a geometric center score of 40.2 ± 5.7 when compared to Saline: 73.6 ± 5.7, Killed SRB: 77.9 ± 6.9, SRB+Bismuth: 81.0 ± 2.0, and Bismuth: 73.3 ± 4.2 (P<.0001). Correspondingly, the Live SRB group had the highest luminal H2 S concentration of 4181.0 ± 968.0 ppb compared to 0 ± 0 ppb for the SRB+Bismuth group (P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Live SRB slow intestinal transit in a bismuth-reversible fashion in mice. Our results demonstrate that intestinal transit is slowed by SRB and this effect could be abolished by H2 S-binding bismuth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Ritz
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - D M Lin
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - M R Wilson
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - L L Barton
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - H C Lin
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Zhang L, Zhao W, Zheng Z, Wang T, Zhao C, Zhou G, Jin H, Wang B. Hydrogen sulfide synthesis enzymes reduced in lower esophageal sphincter of patients with achalasia. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:801-806. [PMID: 26316071 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of achalasia remains largely unknown. Considerable evidence reveals that the lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction is due to the lack of inhibitory neurotransmitter, secondary to esophageal neuronal inflammation or loss. Recent studies suggest hydrogen sulfide may act as an inhibitory transmitter in gastrointestinal tract, but study about hydrogen sulfide in human esophagus still lack. The aim of the study was to investigate if hydrogen sulfide synthesis enzymes could be detected in human esophagus and if the synthesis of the endogenous hydrogen sulfide could be affected in achalasia patients. Tissue samples in cardia, lower esophageal sphincter, 2 cm and 4 cm above lower esophageal sphincter were obtained from achalasia patients undergoing peroral endoscopic myotomy. Control tissues in lower esophageal sphincter were obtained from esophageal carcinoma patients. Expression of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase in lower esophageal sphincter of achalasia patients and control were detected by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, expression of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase were compared among different parts of esophagus in achalasia patients. Compared with control, the expression of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase in lower esophageal sphincter of achalasia patients was significantly reduced (χ2 = 11.429, P = 0.010). The expression of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase were lower in lower esophageal sphincter than that in 2 cm and 4 cm above lower esophageal sphincter, respectively (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, the expression of hydrogen sulfide synthesis enzymes, cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase, can be detected in human esophagus and is reduced in patients with achalasia, which implicates the involvement of the two hydrogen sulfide synthesis enzymes in the pathophysiology of achalasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Zheng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - C Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - G Zhou
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - H Jin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Tiwari V, Singh M, Rawat JK, Devi U, Yadav RK, Roy S, Gautam S, Saraf SA, Kumar V, Ansari N, Saeedan AS, Kaithwas G. Redefining the role of peripheral LPS as a neuroinflammatory agent and evaluating the role of hydrogen sulphide through metformin intervention. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:253-264. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that the gaseous pollutant, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) can be synthesised in the body and has a multitude of biological actions. This review summarizes some of the actions of this 'gasotransmitter' in influencing the smooth muscle that is responsible for controlling muscular activity of hollow organs. In the vasculature, while H2S can cause vasoconstriction by complex interactions with other biologically important gases, such as nitric oxide, the prevailing response is vasorelaxation. While most vasorelaxation responses occur by a direct action of H2S on smooth muscle cells, it has recently been proposed to be an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. H2S also promotes relaxation in other smooth muscle preparations including bronchioles, the bladder, gastrointestinal tract and myometrium, opening up the opportunity of exploiting the pharmacology of H2S in the treatment of conditions where smooth muscle tone is excessive. The original concept, that H2S caused smooth muscle relaxation by activating ATP-sensitive K(+) channels, has been supplemented with observations that H2S can also modify the activity of other potassium channels, intracellular pH, phosphodiesterase activity and transient receptor potential channels on sensory nerves. While the enzymes responsible for generating endogenous H2S are widely expressed in smooth muscle preparations, it is much less clear what the physiological role of H2S is in determining smooth muscle contractility. Clarification of this requires the development of potent and selective inhibitors of H2S-generating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Dunn
- Pharmacology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen P H Alexander
- Pharmacology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Ralevic
- Pharmacology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E Roberts
- Pharmacology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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Inhibitory action of hydrogen sulfide on esophageal striated muscle motility in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 771:123-9. [PMID: 26687631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized as a gaseous transmitter and has many functions including regulation of gastrointestinal motility. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of H2S on the motility of esophageal striated muscle in rats. An isolated segment of the rat esophagus was placed in an organ bath and mechanical responses were recorded using a force transducer. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve evoked contractile response in the esophageal segment. The vagally mediated contraction was inhibited by application of an H2S donor. The H2S donor did not affect the contraction induced by electrical field stimulation, which can excite the striated muscle directly, not via vagus nerves. These results show that H2S has an inhibitory effect on esophageal motility not by directly attenuating striated muscle contractility but by blocking vagal motor nerve activity and/or neuromuscular transmissions. The inhibitory actions of H2S were not affected by pretreatment with the transient receptor potential vanniloid-1 blocker, transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 blocker, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, blockers of potassium channels, and ganglionic blocker. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed the expression of H2S-producing enzymes in esophageal tissue, whereas application of inhibitors of H2S-producing enzymes did not change vagally evoked contractions in the esophageal striated muscle. These findings suggest that H2S, which might be produced in the esophageal tissue endogenously, can regulate the motor activity of esophageal striated muscle via a novel inhibitory neural pathway.
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Singh SB, Lin HC. Hydrogen Sulfide in Physiology and Diseases of the Digestive Tract. Microorganisms 2015; 3:866-89. [PMID: 27682122 PMCID: PMC5023273 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a Janus-faced molecule. On one hand, several toxic functions have been attributed to H2S and exposure to high levels of this gas is extremely hazardous to health. On the other hand, H2S delivery based clinical therapies are being developed to combat inflammation, visceral pain, oxidative stress related tissue injury, thrombosis and cancer. Since its discovery, H2S has been found to have pleiotropic effects on physiology and health. H2S is a gasotransmitter that exerts its effect on different systems, such as gastrointestinal, neuronal, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and hepatic systems. In the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to H2S production by mammalian cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), H2S is also generated by the metabolic activity of resident gut microbes, mainly by colonic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) via a dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR) pathway. In the gut, H2S regulates functions such as inflammation, ischemia/ reperfusion injury and motility. H2S derived from gut microbes has been found to be associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and irritable bowel syndrome. This underscores the importance of gut microbes and their production of H2S on host physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B Singh
- Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Henry C Lin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
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H2S, a novel gasotransmitter, involves in gastric accommodation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16086. [PMID: 26531221 PMCID: PMC4632036 DOI: 10.1038/srep16086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
H2S is produced mainly by two enzymes:cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), using L-cysteine (L-Cys) as the substrate. In this study, we investigated the role of H2S in gastric accommodation using CBS+/− mice, immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, methylene blue assay, intragastric pressure (IGP) recording and electrical field stimulation (EFS). Mouse gastric fundus expressed H2S-generating enzymes (CBS and CSE) and generated detectable amounts of H2S. The H2S donor, NaHS or L-Cys, caused a relaxation in either gastric fundus or body. The gastric compliance was significantly increased in the presence of L-Cys (1 mM). On the contrary, AOAA, an inhibitor for CBS, largely inhibited gastric compliance. Consistently, CBS+/− mice shows a lower gastric compliance. However, PAG, a CSE inhibitor, had no effect on gastric compliances. L-Cys enhances the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation of fundus strips, but AOAA reduces the magnitude of relaxations to EFS. Notably, the expression level of CBS but not CSE protein was elevated after feeding. Consistently, the production of H2S was also increased after feeding in mice gastric fundus. In addition, AOAA largely reduced food intake and body weight in mice. Furthermore, a metabolic aberration of H2S was found in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). In conclusion, endogenous H2S, a novel gasotransmitter, involves in gastric accommodation.
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Yamane S, Nomura R, Yanagihara M, Nakamura H, Fujino H, Matsumoto K, Horie S, Murayama T. L-cysteine/d,L-homocysteine-regulated ileum motility via system L and B°,+ transporter: Modification by inhibitors of hydrogen sulfide synthesis and dietary treatments. Eur J Pharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang L, Zhao W, Zheng Z, Wang T, Zhao C, Zhou G, Jin H, Wang B. Reduction of hydrogen sulfide synthesis enzymes in the esophagus of patients with achalasia: effect of hydrogen sulfide in achalasia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1274-81. [PMID: 26087745 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the synthesis of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) was altered in achalasia patients and to determine the effects of H2 S on esophageal motility. METHODS (1) Tissue samples in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were obtained from 22 achalasia patients during peroral endoscopic myotomy. LES muscle from eight esophageal carcinoma patients was obtained as control. The expression of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. (2) Rabbit esophageal smooth muscle strips were used to measure isometric contractions. The effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and L-cysteine on contractile activity and bethanechol-stimulated contractile activity were evaluated. The contraction of esophageal muscle strips was also measured after the inhibition of CBS and CSE by aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) and propargylglycine (PAG). KEY RESULTS Both CBS and CSE could be detected in biopsies from achalasia patients and controls. Compared with controls, the expression of CBS and CSE in the LES of achalasia patients was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Both NaHS and L-cysteine concentration-dependently inhibited esophageal contractile activity (both p < 0.05). After inhibition of CBS and CSE by PAG and AOA, esophageal contractile activity increased significantly, and this effect could be restored by NaHS but not L-cysteine (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES H2 S synthesis enzymes are significantly reduced in patients with achalasia compared with the controls. H2 S inhibits esophageal contractile activity concentration-dependently, and the inhibition of H2 S synthesis enzymes increases esophageal contractile activity. H2 S might be involved in the development of achalasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Zheng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - C Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - G Zhou
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - H Jin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Quan X, Luo H, Liu Y, Xia H, Chen W, Tang Q. Hydrogen sulfide regulates the colonic motility by inhibiting both L-type calcium channels and BKCa channels in smooth muscle cells of rat colon. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121331. [PMID: 25811907 PMCID: PMC4374679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the hypothesis that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) regulates the colonic motility by modulating both L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on rat colonic samples to investigate the localization of the H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). The contractions of proximal colonic smooth muscle were studied in an organ bath system. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record both L-type calcium currents (ICa,L) and BKCa currents in colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) isolated from male Wistar rats. Results Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of CBS and CSE in mucosa, smooth muscle cells and myenteric neurons. The H2S donor NaHS inhibited spontaneous contractions of the longitudinal muscle and circular muscle strips in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effects were not blocked by tetrodotoxin. NaHS inhibited the peak ICa,L in colonic SMCs at a membrane potential of 0 mV. The current-voltage (I-V) relationship of L-type calcium channels was modified by NaHS, and the peak of the I-V curve was shifted to the right. NaHS (200μΜ) evoked a significant rightward shift of the steady-state activation curve and inhibited the inactivation of L-type calcium channels. Furthermore, NaHS reversibly decreased the peak ICa,L in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, BKCa channels were significantly inhibited by NaHS, and the addition of NaHS caused a time- and dose-dependent reduction in the BKCa current. Conclusion The relaxant effect of H2S on colonic muscle strips may be associated with the direct inhibition of H2S on L-type calcium channels. H2S may be involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis in colonic SMCs of rat colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qincai Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Martinez-Cutillas M, Gil V, Mañé N, Clavé P, Gallego D, Martin MT, Jimenez M. Potential role of the gaseous mediator hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in inhibition of human colonic contractility. Pharmacol Res 2015; 93:52-63. [PMID: 25641403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is an endogenous signalling molecule that might play a physiologically relevant role in gastrointestinal motility. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) are two enzymes responsible for H2S production. d,l-Propargylglycine (PAG) is a CSE inhibitor whereas both aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) and hydroxylamine (HA) are CBS inhibitors. The characterization of H2S responses and its mechanism of action are crucial to define H2S function. METHODS Human colonic strips were used to investigate the role of H2S on contractility (muscle bath) and smooth muscle electrophysiology (microelectrodes). NaHS was used as a H2S donor. RESULTS Combination of PAG and AOAA depolarized the smooth muscle (5-6mV, n=4) and elicited a transient increase in tone (260.5±92.8mg, n=12). No effect was observed on neural mediated inhibitory junction potential or relaxation. In the presence of tetrodotoxin 1μM, NaHS concentration-dependently inhibited spontaneous contractions (EC50=329.2μM, n=18). This effect was partially reduced by the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ 10μM (EC50=2.6μM, n=12) and by l-NNA 1mM (EC50=1.4mM, n=8). NaHS reversibly blocked neural mediated cholinergic (EC50=2mM) and tachykinergic (EC50=5.7mM) contractions. NaHS concentration-dependently reduced the increase in spontaneous mechanical activity (AUC) induced by carbachol (EC50=1.9mM) and NKA (EC50=1.7mM AUC). CONCLUSIONS H2S might be an endogenous gasomediator regulating human colonic contractility. Its inhibitory effect is observed at high concentrations and could be mediated by a direct effect on smooth muscle with a possible synergistic effect with NO, as well as by an interaction with the cholinergic and tachykinergic neural mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinez-Cutillas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Gil
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Mañé
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Clavé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Gastroenterologia Dr Vilardell and Department of Surgery, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gallego
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M T Martin
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nalli AD, Rajagopal S, Mahavadi S, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Inhibition of RhoA-dependent pathway and contraction by endogenous hydrogen sulfide in rabbit gastric smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C485-95. [PMID: 25567809 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00280.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory neurotransmitters, chiefly nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide, increase cyclic nucleotide levels and inhibit muscle contraction via inhibition of myosin light chain (MLC) kinase and activation of MLC phosphatase (MLCP). H2S produced as an endogenous signaling molecule synthesized mainly from l-cysteine via cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) regulates muscle contraction. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of CSE and H2S function in the regulation of MLCP activity, 20-kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II (MLC20) phosphorylation, and contraction in isolated gastric smooth muscle cells. Both mRNA expression and protein expression of CSE, but not CBS, were detected in smooth muscle cells of rabbit, human, and mouse stomach. l-cysteine, an activator of CSE, and NaHS, a donor of H2S, inhibited carbachol-induced Rho kinase and PKC activity, Rho kinase-sensitive phosphorylation of MYPT1, PKC-sensitive phosphorylation of CPI-17, and MLC20 phosphorylation and sustained muscle contraction. The inhibitory effects of l-cysteine, but not NaHS, were blocked upon suppression of CSE expression by siRNA or inhibition of its activity by dl-propargylglycine (PPG) suggesting that the effect of l-cysteine is mediated via activation of CSE. Glibenclamide, an inhibitor of KATP channels, had no effect on the inhibition of contraction by H2S. Both l-cysteine and NaHS had no effect on basal cAMP and cGMP levels but augmented forskolin-induced cAMP and SNP-induced cGMP formation. We conclude that both endogenous and exogenous H2S inhibit muscle contraction, and the mechanism involves inhibition of Rho kinase and PKC activities and stimulation of MLCP activity leading to MLC20 dephosphorylation and inhibition of muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancy D Nalli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Senthilkumar Rajagopal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John R Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Karnam S Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Hydrogen sulfide plays a key role in the inhibitory neurotransmission to the pig intravesical ureter. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113580. [PMID: 25415381 PMCID: PMC4240656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to previous observations nitric oxide (NO), as well as an unknown nature mediator are involved in the inhibitory neurotransmission to the intravesical ureter. This study investigates the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) role in the neurogenic relaxation of the pig intravesical ureter. We have performed western blot and immunohistochemistry to study the expression of the H2S synthesis enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), measurement of enzymatic production of H2S and myographic studies for isometric force recording. Immunohistochemical assays showed a high CSE expression in the intravesical ureter muscular layer, as well as a strong CSE-immunoreactivity within nerve fibres distributed along smooth muscle bundles. CBS expression, however, was not consistently observed. On ureteral strips precontracted with thromboxane A2 analogue U46619, electrical field stimulation (EFS) and the H2S donor P-(4-methoxyphenyl)-P-4-morpholinylphosphinodithioic acid (GYY4137) evoked frequency- and concentration-dependent relaxations. CSE inhibition with DL-propargylglycine (PPG) reduced EFS-elicited responses and a combined blockade of both CSE and NO synthase (NOS) with, respectively, PPG and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG), greatly reduced such relaxations. Endogenous H2S production rate was reduced by PPG, rescued by addition of GYY4137 and was not changed by L-NOARG. EFS and GYY4137 relaxations were also reduced by capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents (CSPA) desensitization with capsaicin and blockade of ATP-dependent K+ (KATP) channels, transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (VIP/PACAP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors with glibenclamide, HC030031, AMG9810, PACAP6–38 and CGRP8–37, respectively. These results suggest that H2S, synthesized by CSE, is involved in the inhibitory neurotransmission to the pig intravesical ureter, through an NO-independent pathway, producing smooth muscle relaxation via KATP channel activation. H2S also promotes the release of inhibitory neuropeptides, as PACAP 38 and/or CGRP from CSPA through TRPA1, TRPV1 and related ion channel activation.
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Gil V, Parsons S, Gallego D, Huizinga J, Jimenez M. Effects of hydrogen sulphide on motility patterns in the rat colon. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:34-50. [PMID: 23297830 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) is an endogenous gaseous signalling molecule with putative functions in gastrointestinal motility regulation. Characterization of H2 S effects on colonic motility is crucial to establish its potential use as therapeutic agent in the treatment of colonic disorders. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH H2 S effects on colonic motility were characterized using video recordings and construction of spatio-temporal maps. Microelectrode and muscle bath studies were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying H2 S effects. NaHS was used as the source of H2 S. KEY RESULTS Rhythmic propulsive motor complexes (RPMCs) and ripples were observed in colonic spatio-temporal maps. Serosal addition of NaHS concentration-dependently inhibited RPMCs. In contrast, NaHS increased amplitude of the ripples without changing their frequency. Therefore, ripples became the predominant motor pattern. Neuronal blockade with lidocaine inhibited RPMCs, which were restored after administration of carbachol. Subsequent addition of NaHS inhibited RPMCs. Luminal addition of NaHS did not modify motility patterns. NaHS inhibited cholinergic excitatory junction potentials, carbachol-induced contractions and hyperpolarized smooth muscle cells, but did not modify slow wave activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS H2 S modulated colonic motility inhibiting propulsive contractile activity and enhancing the amplitude of ripples, promoting mixing. Muscle hyperpolarization and inhibition of neurally mediated cholinergic responses contributed to the inhibitory effect on propulsive activity. H2 S effects were not related to changes in the frequency of slow wave activity originating in the network of interstitial cells of Cajal located near the submuscular plexus. Luminal H2 S did not modify colonic motility probably because of epithelial detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gil
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology/Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Farrugia G, Szurszewski JH. Carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide as signaling molecules in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:303-13. [PMID: 24798417 PMCID: PMC4106980 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) used to be thought of simply as lethal and (for H2S) smelly gaseous molecules; now they are known to have important signaling functions in the gastrointestinal tract. CO and H2S, which are produced in the gastrointestinal tract by different enzymes, regulate smooth muscle membrane potential and tone, transmit signals from enteric nerves, and can regulate the immune system. The pathways that produce nitric oxide, H2S, and CO interact; each can inhibit and potentiate the level and activity of the other. However, there are significant differences between these molecules, such as in half-lives; CO is more stable and therefore able to have effects distal to the site of production, whereas nitric oxide and H2S are short lived and act only close to sites of production. We review their signaling functions in the luminal gastrointestinal tract and discuss how their pathways interact. We also describe other physiological functions of CO and H2S and how they might be used as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Yamane S, Kanno T, Nakamura H, Fujino H, Murayama T. Hydrogen sulfide-mediated regulation of contractility in the mouse ileum with electrical stimulation: roles of L-cysteine, cystathionine β-synthase, and K+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:112-20. [PMID: 25008073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered to be a signaling molecule. The precise mechanisms underlying H2S-related events, including the producing enzymes and target molecules in gastrointestinal tissues, have not been elucidated in detail. We herein examined the involvement of H2S in contractions induced by repeated electrical stimulations (ES). ES-induced contractions were neurotoxin-sensitive and increased by aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase, but not by D,L-propargylglycine, a selective inhibitor of cystathionine γ-lyase, in an ES trial-dependent manner. ES-induced contractions were markedly decreased in the presence of L-cysteine. This response was inhibited by aminooxyacetic acid and an antioxidant, and accelerated by L-methionine, an activator of CBS. The existence of CBS was confirmed. NaHS transiently inhibited ES- and acetylcholine-induced contractions, and sustainably decreased basal tone for at least 20 min after its addition. The treatment with glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker, reduced both the L-cysteine response and NaHS-induced inhibition of contractions. The NaHS-induced decrease in basal tone was inhibited by apamin, a small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker. These results suggest that H2S may be endogenously produced via CBS in ES-activated enteric neurons, and regulates contractility via multiple K+ channels in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamane
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujino
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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Liu Y, Yang R, Liu X, Zhou Y, Qu C, Kikuiri T, Wang S, Zandi E, Du J, Ambudkar IS, Shi S. Hydrogen sulfide maintains mesenchymal stem cell function and bone homeostasis via regulation of Ca(2+) channel sulfhydration. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 15:66-78. [PMID: 24726192 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous signaling molecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are produced endogenously and mediate effects through diverse mechanisms. H2S is one such gasotransmitters that regulates multiple signaling pathways in mammalian cells, and abnormal H2S metabolism has been linked to defects in bone homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) produce H2S in order to regulate their self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation, and H2S deficiency results in defects in BMMSC differentiation. H2S deficiency causes aberrant intracellular Ca(2+) influx because of reduced sulfhydration of cysteine residues on multiple Ca(2+) TRP channels. This decreased Ca(2+) flux downregulates PKC/Erk-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling which controls osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Consistently, H2S-deficient mice display an osteoporotic phenotype that can be rescued by small molecules that release H2S. These results demonstrate that H2S regulates BMMSCs and that restoring H2S levels via nontoxic donors may provide treatments for diseases such as osteoporosis that can arise from H2S deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Periodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li Number 4, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ruili Yang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xibao Liu
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cunye Qu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Takashi Kikuiri
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Songlin Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li Number 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ebrahim Zandi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Indu S Ambudkar
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Songtao Shi
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The current literature regarding the effects of the gaseous signal molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the gastrointestinal system is reviewed. Bacterial, host and pharmaceutical-derived H2S are all considered and presented according to the physiological or pathophysiological effects of the gaseous signal molecule. These subjects include the toxicology of intestinal H2S with emphasis on bacterial-derived H2S, especially from sulfate-reducing bacteria, the role of endogenous and exogenous H2S in intestinal inflammation, and the roles of H2S in gastrointestinal motility, secretion and nociception. RECENT ADVANCES While its pro- and anti-inflammatory, smooth muscle relaxant, prosecretory, and pro- and antinociceptive actions continue to remain the major effects of H2S in this system; recent findings have expanded the potential molecular targets for H2S in the gastrointestinal tract. CRITICAL ISSUES Numerous discrepancies remain in the literature, and definitive molecular targets in this system have not been supported by the use of competitive antagonism. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future work will hopefully resolve discrepancies in the literature and identify molecular targets and mechanisms of action for H2S. It is clear from the current literature that the long-appreciated relationship between H2S and the gastrointestinal tract continues to be strong as we endeavor to unravel its mysteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Linden
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
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Huang X, Meng XM, Liu DH, Wu YS, Guo X, Lu HL, Zhuang XY, Kim YC, Xu WX. Different regulatory effects of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide on gastric motility in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 720:276-85. [PMID: 24157974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NO and H2S are gaseous signaling molecules that modulate smooth muscle motility. We aimed to identify expressions of enzymes that catalyze H2S and NO generation in mouse gastric smooth muscle, and determine relationships between endogenous H2S and NO in regulation of smooth muscle motility. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry methods were used to track expressions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) in gastric smooth muscles. Smooth muscle motility was recorded by isometric force transducers. cGMP production was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. We found that CBS, CSE, eNOS, and nNOS were all expressed in mice gastric antral smooth muscle tissues, and in cultured gastric antral smooth muscle cells. AOAA significantly inhibited smooth muscle contractions in the gastric antrum, which was significantly recovered by NaHS, while PAG had no significant effect. l-NAME enhanced contractions. NaHS at low concentrations increased basal tension but decreased it at high concentrations. SNP significantly inhibited the contractions, which could be recovered by NaHS both in the absence and presence of CuSO4. ODQ did not block NaHS-induced excitatory effect, while IBMX partially blocked this effect. cGMP production in smooth muscle was significantly increased by SNP but was not affected by NaHS. All these results suggest that endogenous H2S and NO appear to play opposite roles in regulating gastric motility and their effects may be via separate signal transduction pathways. Intracellular H2S/NO levels may be maintained in a state of balance to warrant normal smooth muscle motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 328 Wenxuan Medical Building, Shanghai 200240, China
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Wu B, Teng H, Yang G, Wu L, Wang R. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits the translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:1492-505. [PMID: 22831549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is under the influence of hydrogen sulfide (H(2) S), which regulates hypoxia responses. The regulation of HIF-1α accumulation by H(2) S has been shown, but the mechanisms for this effect are largely elusive and controversial. This study aimed at addressing the controversial mechanisms for and the functional importance of the interaction of H(2) S and HIF-1α protein. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HIF-1α protein levels and HIF-1α transcriptional activity were detected by Western blotting and luciferase assay. The mechanisms for H(2) S-regulated HIF-1α protein levels were determined using short interfering RNA transfection, co-immunoprecipitation and 7-methyl-GTP sepharose 4B pull-down assay. Angiogenic activity was evaluated using tube formation assay in EA.hy926 cells. KEY RESULTS The accumulation of HIF-1α protein under hypoxia (1% O(2) ) or hypoxia-mimetic conditions was reversed by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). This effect of NaHS was not altered after blocking the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway for HIF-1α degradation; however, blockade of protein translation with cycloheximide abolished the effect of NaHS on the half-life of HIF-1α protein. Knockdown of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) suppressed the effect of NaHS on HIF-1α protein accumulation under hypoxia. NaHS inhibited the expression of VEGF under hypoxia. It also decreased in vitro capillary tube formation and cell proliferation of EA.hy926 cells under hypoxia, but stimulated the tube formation under normoxia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS H(2) S suppresses HIF-1α translation by enhancing eIF2α phosphorylation under hypoxia. The interaction of H(2) S and HIF-1α inhibits the angiogenic activity of vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia through the down-regulation of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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Liu Y, Luo H, Liang C, Xia H, Xu W, Chen J, Chen M. Actions of hydrogen sulfide and ATP-sensitive potassium channels on colonic hypermotility in a rat model of chronic stress. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55853. [PMID: 23405222 PMCID: PMC3566119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential role of hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) and ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels in chronic stress-induced colonic hypermotility. METHODS Male Wistar rats were submitted daily to 1 h of water avoidance stress (WAS) or sham WAS (SWAS) for 10 consecutive days. Organ bath recordings, H(2)S production, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed on rat colonic samples to investigate the role of endogenous H(2)S in repeated WAS-induced hypermotility. Organ bath recordings and western blotting were used to detect the role of K(ATP) channels in repeated WAS. RESULTS Repeated WAS increased the number of fecal pellets per hour and the area under the curve of the spontaneous contractions of colonic strips, and decreased the endogenous production of H(2)S and the expression of H(2)S-producing enzymes in the colon devoid of mucosa and submucosa. Inhibitors of H(2)S-producing enzymes increased the contractile activity of colonic strips in the SWAS rats. NaHS concentration-dependently inhibited the spontaneous contractions of the strips and the NaHS IC(50) for the WAS rats was significantly lower than that for the SWAS rats. The inhibitory effect of NaHS was significantly reduced by glybenclamide. Repeated WAS treatment resulted in up-regulation of Kir6.1 and SUR2B of K(ATP) channels in the colon devoid of mucosa and submucosa. CONCLUSION The colonic hypermotility induced by repeated WAS may be associated with the decreased production of endogenous H(2)S. The increased expression of the subunits of K(ATP) channels in colonic smooth muscle cells may be a defensive response to repeated WAS. H(2)S donor may have potential clinical utility in treating chronic stress-induced colonic hypermotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chengbo Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Guo X, Huang X, Wu YS, Liu DH, Lu HL, Kim YC, Xu WX. Down-regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis accompanies murine interstitial cells of Cajal dysfunction in partial ileal obstruction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48249. [PMID: 23133623 PMCID: PMC3486862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in partial obstruction-induced dysfunction of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in mice ileum. Materials and Methods Partial intestinal obstruction was induced surgically in male imprinting control region (ICR) mice. ICC networks were studied by Immunohistochemistry. Electrical activity was recorded by intracellular recording techniques. The expression of ICC phenotype marker c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase (c-kit), membrane binding stem cell factor (mSCF), the endogenous H2S biosynthesis enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) was studied by Western blotting. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA was observed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Partial intestinal obstruction resulted in ICC networks were disrupted above obstruction 14 days after the operation. The slow waves of intestinal smooth muscles in the dilated region were significantly suppressed and their amplitude and frequency were reduced, whilst the resting membrane potentials were depolarized. The expression of c-kit and mSCF was significantly decreased, also suggesting the disruption of the ICC network. The expression of TNF-α was significantly increased in the tunica muscularis of the obstructed intestine. Treatment of cultured intestinal smooth muscle cells with TNF-α caused dramatic down regulation of mSCF. The expression of CBS and CSE was significantly decreased in the tunica muscularis of the obstructed intestine. Intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of DL-propargylglycine, an irreversible inhibitor of CSE, and aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of CBS, elevated the expression of TNF-α mRNA in the tunica muscularis of the ileum. Obstruction-induced over expression of TNF-α was significantly improved by supplementation of NaHS, but not the expressions of mSCF and c-kit. Conclusions The down regulation of endogenous H2S biosynthesis is related to over expression of TNF-α in obstructed small intestine. TNF-α-mediated mSCF down-regulation is not the only reason of partial intestinal obstruction-induced loss of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-song Wu
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-hai Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-li Lu
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-chul Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-xie Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Gil V, Gallego D, Moha Ou Maati H, Peyronnet R, Martínez-Cutillas M, Heurteaux C, Borsotto M, Jiménez M. Relative contribution of SKCa and TREK1 channels in purinergic and nitrergic neuromuscular transmission in the rat colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G412-23. [PMID: 22636169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00040.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic and nitrergic neurotransmission predominantly mediate inhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the rat colon. We studied the sensitivity of both purinergic and nitrergic pathways to spadin, a TWIK-related potassium channel 1 (TREK1) inhibitor, apamin, a small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase. TREK1 expression was detected by RT-PCR in the rat colon. Patch-clamp experiments were performed on cells expressing hTREK1 channels. Spadin (1 μM) reduced currents 1) in basal conditions 2) activated by stretch, and 3) with arachidonic acid (AA; 10 μM). l-Methionine (1 mM) or l-cysteine (1 mM) did not modify currents activated by AA. Microelectrode and muscle bath studies were performed on rat colon samples. l-Methionine (2 mM), apamin (1 μM), ODQ (10 μM), and N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA; 1 mM) depolarized smooth muscle cells and increased motility. These effects were not observed with spadin (1 μM). Purinergic and nitrergic inhibitory junction potentials (IJP) were studied by incubating the tissue with l-NNA (1 mM) or MRS2500 (1 μM). Both purinergic and nitrergic IJP were unaffected by spadin. Apamin reduced both IJP with a different potency and maximal effect for each. ODQ concentration dependently abolished nitrergic IJP without affecting purinergic IJP. Similar effects were observed in hyperpolarizations induced by sodium nitroprusside (1 μM) and nitrergic relaxations induced by electrical stimulation. We propose a pharmacological approach to characterize the pathways and function of purinergic and nitrergic neurotransmission. Nitrergic neurotransmission, which is mediated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate, is insensitive to spadin, an effective TREK1 channel inhibitor. Both purinergic and nitrergic neurotransmission are inhibited by apamin but with different relative sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gil
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Linden DR, Furne J, Stoltz GJ, Abdel-Rehim MS, Levitt MD, Szurszewski JH. Sulphide quinone reductase contributes to hydrogen sulphide metabolism in murine peripheral tissues but not in the CNS. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2178-90. [PMID: 21950400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulphide (H(2) S) is gaining acceptance as a gaseous signal molecule. However, mechanisms regarding signal termination are not understood. We used stigmatellin and antimycin A, inhibitors of sulphide quinone reductase (SQR), to test the hypothesis that the catabolism of H(2) S involves SQR. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH H(2) S production and consumption were determined in living and intact mouse brain, liver and colonic muscularis externa using gas chromatography and HPLC. Expressions of SQR, ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 (Ethe1) and thiosulphate transferase (TST; rhodanese) were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS In the colonic muscularis externa, H(2) (35) S was catabolized to [(35) S]-thiosulphate and [(35) S]-sulphate, and stigmatellin reduced both the consumption of H(2) (35) S and formation of [(35) S]-thiosulphate. Stigmatellin also enhanced H(2) S release by the colonic muscularis externa. In the brain, catabolism of H(2) (35) S to [(35) S]-thiosulphate and [(35) S]-sulphate, which was stigmatellin-insensitive, partially accounted for H(2) (35) S consumption, while the remainder was captured as unidentified (35) S that was probably bound to proteins. Levels of mRNA encoding SQR were higher in the colonic muscularis externa and the liver than in the brain. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data support the concept that termination of endogenous H(2) S signalling in the colonic muscularis externa occurs via catabolism to thiosulphate and sulphate partially via a mechanism involving SQR. In the brain, it appears that H(2) S signal termination occurs partially through protein sequestration and partially through catabolism not involving SQR. As H(2) S has beneficial effects in animal models of human disease, we suggest that selective inhibition of SQR is an attractive target for pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Linden
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Emerging role of hydrogen sulfide in health and disease: critical appraisal of biomarkers and pharmacological tools. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011; 121:459-88. [PMID: 21843150 DOI: 10.1042/cs20110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
H2S (hydrogen sulfide) is a well known and pungent gas recently discovered to be synthesized enzymatically in mammalian and human tissues. In a relatively short period of time, H2S has attracted substantial interest as an endogenous gaseous mediator and potential target for pharmacological manipulation. Studies in animals and humans have shown H2S to be involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as learning and memory, neurodegeneration, regulation of inflammation and blood pressure, and metabolism. However, research is limited by the lack of specific analytical and pharmacological tools which has led to considerable controversy in the literature. Commonly used inhibitors of endogenous H2S synthesis have been well known for decades to interact with other metabolic pathways or even generate NO (nitric oxide). Similarly, commonly used H2S donors release H2S far too quickly to be physiologically relevant, but may have therapeutic applications. In the present review, we discuss the enzymatic synthesis of H2S and its emerging importance as a mediator in physiology and pathology. We also critically discuss the suitability of proposed 'biomarkers' of H2S synthesis and metabolism, and highlight the complexities of the currently used pharmacological H2S 'donor' molecules and 'specific' H2S synthesis inhibitors in their application to studying the role of H2S in human disease.
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