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Babin KM, Gostynska SE, Karim JA, Pioszak AA. Variable CGRP family peptide signaling durations and the structural determinants thereof. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116235. [PMID: 38670438 PMCID: PMC11102832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptides alpha and beta (αCGRP, βCGRP), adrenomedullin (AM), and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) function in pain signaling, neuroimmune communication, and regulation of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems by activating either of two class B GPCRs, CLR and CTR, in complex with a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. Inspired by our recent discovery that AM2/IMD(1-47) activation of CLR-RAMP3 elicits long duration cAMP signaling, here we used a live-cell cAMP biosensor assay to characterize the signaling kinetics of the two CGRP peptides and several bioactive AM and AM2/IMD fragments with variable N-terminal extensions. Remarkably, AM2/IMD(8-47) and AM2/IMD-53 exhibited even longer duration signaling than the 1-47 fragment. AM2/IMD(8-47) was a striking 8-fold longer acting than AM(13-52) at CLR-RAMP3. In contrast, the N-terminal extension of AM had no effect on signaling duration. AM(1-52) and (13-52) were equally short-acting. Analysis of AM2/IMD-AM mid-region chimeras and AM2/IMD R23 and R33 point mutants showed the importance of these residues for long-duration signaling and identified AM2/IMD peptides that exhibited up to 17-fold diminished signaling duration at CLR-RAMP3, while retaining near wildtype signaling potencies. βCGRP was ∼ 3-fold longer acting than αCGRP at the CGRP (CLR-RAMP1) and the amylin1 (CTR-RAMP1) receptors. Chimeric CGRP peptides showed that the single residue difference near the N-terminus, and the two differences in the mid-region, equally contributed to the longer duration of βCGRP signaling. This work uncovers key temporal differences in cAMP signaling among the CGRP family peptides, elucidates the structural bases thereof, and provides pharmacological tools for studying long-duration AM2/IMD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Sandra E Gostynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Jordan A Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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2
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Al-Khazali HM, Ashina H, Christensen RH, Wiggers A, Rose K, Iljazi A, Amin FM, Ashina M, Snellman J, Maio-Twofoot T, Schytz HW. Hypersensitivity to CGRP as a predictive biomarker of migraine prevention with erenumab. Cephalalgia 2024; 44:3331024241258734. [PMID: 38859744 DOI: 10.1177/03331024241258734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the predictive value of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced migraine attacks for effectiveness to erenumab treatment in people with migraine. METHODS In total, 139 participants with migraine underwent a single experimental day involving a 20-min infusion with CGRP. Following this, the participants entered a 24-week treatment period with erenumab. The primary endpoints were the predictive value of CGRP-induced migraine attacks on the effectiveness of erenumab, defined as ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days, or ≥ 50% reduction in either monthly migraine or monthly headache days of moderate to severe intensity. RESULTS Among participants with CGRP-induced migraine attacks, 60 of 99 (61%) achieved ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days during weeks 13-24 with erenumab. Conversely, 13 of 25 (52%) where CGRP infusion did not induce a migraine achieved the same endpoint (p = 0.498). There were no significant differences between the ≥50% reduction in either monthly migraine or monthly headache days of moderate to severe intensity between CGRP-sensitive and non-sensitive participants (p = 0.625). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the CGRP-provocation model cannot be used to predict erenumab's effectiveness. It remains uncertain whether this finding extends to other monoclonal antibodies targeting the CGRP ligand or to gepants.Trial Registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04592952).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar M Al-Khazali
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Håkan Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Häckert Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Astrid Wiggers
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Rose
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Afrim Iljazi
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Faisal Mohammad Amin
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Henrik W Schytz
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Liang JS, Hung KL, Lin LJ, Ong WP, Keng WT, Lu JF. Novel PEX1 mutations in fibroblasts from children with Zellweger spectrum disorders exhibit temperature sensitive characteristics. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109266. [PMID: 37385119 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSD) are rare autosomal recessive disorders caused by defects in peroxisome biogenesis factor (PEX; peroxin) genes leading to impaired transport of peroxisomal proteins with peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS). Four patients, including a pair of homozygotic twins, diagnosed as ZSD by genetic study with different clinical presentations and outcomes as well as various novel mutations are described here. A total of 3 novel mutations, including a nonsense, a frameshift, and a splicing mutation, in PEX1 from ZSD patients were identified and unequivocally confirmed that the p.Ile989Thr mutant PEX1 exhibited temperature-sensitive characteristics and is associated with milder ZSD. The nature of the p.Ile989Thr mutant exhibited different characteristics from that of the other previously identified temperature-sensitive p.Gly843Asp PEX1 mutant. Transcriptome profiles under nonpermissive vs. permissive conditions were explored to facilitate the understanding of p.Ile989Thr mutant PEX1. Further investigation of molecular mechanisms may help to clarify potential genetic causes that could modify the clinical presentation of ZSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jao-Shwann Liang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Long Hung
- Departments of Pediatrics, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ju Lin
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Winnie Peitee Ong
- Department of Genetics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wee Teik Keng
- Department of Genetics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jyh-Feng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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4
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Babin KM, Karim JA, Gordon PH, Lennon J, Dickson A, Pioszak AA. Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin is a slow off-rate, long-acting endogenous agonist of the adrenomedullin 2 G protein-coupled receptor. J Biol Chem 2023:104785. [PMID: 37146967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD), adrenomedullin (AM), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have signaling functions in the cardiovascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems by activating three heterodimeric receptors comprised of the class B GPCR CLR and a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. CGRP and AM prefer the RAMP1 and RAMP2/3 complexes, respectively, whereas AM2/IMD is thought to be relatively non-selective. Accordingly, AM2/IMD exhibits overlapping actions with CGRP and AM, so the rationale for this third agonist for the CLR-RAMP complexes is unclear. Here, we report that AM2/IMD is kinetically selective for CLR-RAMP3, known as the AM2R, and we define the structural basis for its distinct kinetics. In live cell biosensor assays, AM2/IMD-AM2R elicited substantially longer duration cAMP signaling than the eight other peptide-receptor combinations. AM2/IMD and AM bound the AM2R with similar equilibrium affinities, but AM2/IMD had a much slower off-rate and longer receptor residence time, thus explaining its prolonged signaling capacity. Peptide and receptor chimeras and mutagenesis were used to map the regions responsible for the distinct binding and signaling kinetics to the AM2/IMD mid-region and the RAMP3 extracellular domain (ECD). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed how the former forms stable interactions at the CLR ECD-transmembrane domain interface and how the latter augments the CLR ECD binding pocket to anchor the AM2/IMD C-terminus. These two strong binding components only combine in the AM2R. Our findings uncover AM2/IMD-AM2R as a cognate pair with unique temporal features, reveal how AM2/IMD and RAMP3 collaborate to shape CLR signaling, and have significant implications for AM2/IMD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jordan A Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Peyton H Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - James Lennon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Alex Dickson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.
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5
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Wang HY, Wang FZ, Chang R, Wang Q, Liu SY, Cheng ZX, Gao Q, Zhou H, Zhou YB. Adrenomedullin Improves Hypertension and Vascular Remodeling partly through the Receptor-Mediated AMPK Pathway in Rats with Obesity-Related Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043943. [PMID: 36835355 PMCID: PMC9967515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a novel cardiovascular peptide with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in obesity-related hypertension (OH). Our study aimed to explore the effects of ADM on the vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification in rats with OH. Eight-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with either a Control diet or a high fat diet (HFD) for 28 weeks. Next, the OH rats were randomly subdivided into two groups as follows: (1) HFD control group, and (2) HFD with ADM. A 4-week treatment with ADM (7.2 μg/kg/day, ip) not only improved hypertension and vascular remodeling, but also inhibited vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification in aorta of rats with OH. In vitro experiments, ADM (10 nM) in A7r5 cells (rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle cells) attenuated palmitic acid (PA, 200 μM) or angiotensin II (Ang II, 10 nM) alone or their combination treatment-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification, which were effectively inhibited by the ADM receptor antagonist ADM22-52 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C, respectively. Moreover, ADM treatment significantly inhibited Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) protein expression in aorta of rats with OH or in PA-treated A7r5 cells. ADM improved hypertension, vascular remodeling and arterial stiffness, and attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification in OH state partially via receptor-mediated AMPK pathway. The results also raise the possibility that ADM will be considered for improving hypertension and vascular damage in patients with OH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-86869351
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6
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Babin KM, Karim JA, Gordon PH, Lennon J, Dickson A, Pioszak AA. Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin is a slow off-rate, long-acting endogenous agonist of the adrenomedullin 2 G protein-coupled receptor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523955. [PMID: 36711519 PMCID: PMC9882245 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The signaling peptides adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD), adrenomedullin (AM), and CGRP have overlapping and distinct functions in the cardiovascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems by activating three shared receptors comprised of the class B GPCR CLR in complex with a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. Here, we report that AM2/IMD, which is thought to be a non-selective agonist, is kinetically selective for CLR-RAMP3, known as the AM 2 R. AM2/IMD-AM 2 R elicited substantially longer duration cAMP signaling than the eight other peptide-receptor combinations due to AM2/IMD slow off-rate binding kinetics. The regions responsible for the slow off-rate were mapped to the AM2/IMD mid-region and the RAMP3 extracellular domain. MD simulations revealed how these bestow enhanced stability to the complex. Our results uncover AM2/IMD-AM 2 R as a cognate pair with unique temporal features, define the mechanism of kinetic selectivity, and explain how AM2/IMD and RAMP3 collaborate to shape the signaling output of a clinically important GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jordan A. Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Peyton H. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - James Lennon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Alex Dickson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Augen A. Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Lead contact
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7
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Kakihara S, Matsuda Y, Hirabayashi K, Imai A, Iesato Y, Sakurai T, Kamiyoshi A, Tanaka M, Ichikawa-Shindo Y, Kawate H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Li P, Onishi N, Murata T, Shindo T. Role of Adrenomedullin 2/Intermedin in the Pathogenesis of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100038. [PMID: 36870288 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2; also known as intermedin) is a member of the adrenomedullin (AM) peptide family. Similarly to AM, AM2 partakes in a variety of physiological activities. AM2 has been reported to exert protective effects on various organ disorders; however, its significance in the eye is unknown. We investigated the role of AM2 in ocular diseases. The receptor system of AM2 was expressed more abundantly in the choroid than in the retina. In an oxygen-induced retinopathy model, physiological and pathologic retinal angiogenesis did not differ between AM2-knockout (AM2-/-) and wild-type mice. In contrast, in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, a model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, AM2-/- mice had enlarged and leakier choroidal neovascularization lesions, with exacerbated subretinal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. Contrary to this, exogenous administration of AM2 ameliorated the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization-associated pathology and suppressed gene expression associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress, including that of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, CD68, CTGF, and p22-phox. The stimulation of human adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE) cell line 19 cells with TGF-β2 and TNF-α induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas AM2 expression was also elevated. The induction of EMT was suppressed when the ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with AM2. A transcriptome analysis identified 15 genes, including mesenchyme homeobox 2 (Meox2), whose expression was significantly altered in the AM2-treated group compared with that in the control group. The expression of Meox2, a transcription factor that inhibits inflammation and fibrosis, was enhanced by AM2 treatment and attenuated by endogenous AM2 knockout in the early phase after laser irradiation. The AM2 treatment of endothelial cells inhibited endothelial to mesenchymal transition and NF-κB activation; however, this effect tended to be canceled following Meox2 gene knockdown. These results indicate that AM2 suppresses the neovascular age-related macular degeneration-related pathologies partially via the upregulation of Meox2. Thus, AM2 may be a promising therapeutic target for ocular vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kakihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yorishige Matsuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Hirabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akira Imai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Iesato
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akiko Kamiyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Megumu Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuka Ichikawa-Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hisaka Kawate
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yunlu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - QianQian Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Peixuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naho Onishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshinori Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
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8
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Kotliar IB, Lorenzen E, Schwenk JM, Hay DL, Sakmar TP. Elucidating the Interactome of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1-34. [PMID: 36757898 PMCID: PMC9832379 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to interact with several other classes of integral membrane proteins that modulate their biology and pharmacology. However, the extent of these interactions and the mechanisms of their effects are not well understood. For example, one class of GPCR-interacting proteins, receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), comprise three related and ubiquitously expressed single-transmembrane span proteins. The RAMP family was discovered more than two decades ago, and since then GPCR-RAMP interactions and their functional consequences on receptor trafficking and ligand selectivity have been documented for several secretin (class B) GPCRs, most notably the calcitonin receptor-like receptor. Recent bioinformatics and multiplexed experimental studies suggest that GPCR-RAMP interactions might be much more widespread than previously anticipated. Recently, cryo-electron microscopy has provided high-resolution structures of GPCR-RAMP-ligand complexes, and drugs have been developed that target GPCR-RAMP complexes. In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in techniques that allow the discovery of GPCR-RAMP interactions and their functional consequences and highlight prospects for future advances. We also provide an up-to-date list of reported GPCR-RAMP interactions based on a review of the current literature. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) have emerged as modulators of many aspects of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)biology and pharmacology. The application of new methodologies to study membrane protein-protein interactions suggests that RAMPs interact with many more GPCRs than had been previously known. These findings, especially when combined with structural studies of membrane protein complexes, have significant implications for advancing GPCR-targeted drug discovery and the understanding of GPCR pharmacology, biology, and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Kotliar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Emily Lorenzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
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9
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Chang CL, Cai Z, Hsu SYT. Gel-forming antagonist provides a lasting effect on CGRP-induced vasodilation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040951. [PMID: 36569288 PMCID: PMC9772450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine affects ∼15% of the adult population, and the standard treatment includes the use of triptans, ergotamines, and analgesics. Recently, CGRP and its receptor, the CLR/RAMP1 receptor complex, have been targeted for migraine treatment due to their critical roles in mediating migraine headaches. The effort has led to the approval of several anti-CGRP antibodies for chronic migraine treatment. However, many patients still suffer continuous struggles with migraine, perhaps due to the limited ability of anti-CGRP therapeutics to fully reduce CGRP levels or reach target cells. An alternative anti-CGRP strategy may help address the medical need of patients who do not respond to existing therapeutics. By serendipity, we have recently found that several chimeric adrenomedullin/adrenomedullin 2 peptides are potent CLR/RAMP receptor antagonists and self-assemble to form liquid gels. Among these analogs, the ADE651 analog, which potently inhibits CLR/RAMP1 receptor signaling, forms gels at a 6-20% level. Screening of ADE651 variants indicated that residues at the junctional region of this chimeric peptide are important for gaining the gel-forming capability. Gel-formation significantly slowed the passage of ADE651 molecules through Centricon filters. Consistently, subcutaneous injection of ADE651 gel in rats led to the sustained presence of ADE651 in circulation for >1 week. In addition, analysis of vascular blood flow in rat hindlimbs showed ADE651 significantly reduces CGRP-induced vasodilation. Because gel-forming antagonists could have direct and sustained access to target cells, ADE651 and related antagonists for CLR/RAMP receptors may represent promising candidates for targeting CGRP- and/or adrenomedullin-mediated headaches in migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zheqing Cai
- CL Laboratory LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Sheau Yu Teddy Hsu
- Adepthera LLC, San Jose, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Sheau Yu Teddy Hsu,
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10
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Cong J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Wang Y, He H, Wang M. Anti-polycystic ovary syndrome effect of electroacupuncture: IMD inhibits ER stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 634:159-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Chang CL, Cai Z, Hsu SYT. Sustained Activation of CLR/RAMP Receptors by Gel-Forming Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113408. [PMID: 36362188 PMCID: PMC9655119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adrenomedullin (ADM), adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), and CGRP family peptides are important regulators of vascular vasotone and integrity, neurotransmission, and fetoplacental development. These peptides signal through CLR/RAMP1, 2, and 3 receptors, and protect against endothelial dysfunction in disease models. As such, CLR/RAMP receptor agonists are considered important therapeutic candidates for various diseases. Methods and Results: Based on the screening of a series of palmitoylated chimeric ADM/ADM2 analogs, we demonstrated a combination of lipidation and accommodating motifs at the hinge region of select peptides is important for gaining an enhanced receptor-activation activity and improved stimulatory effects on the proliferation and survival of human lymphatic endothelial cells when compared to wild-type peptides. In addition, by serendipity, we found that select palmitoylated analogs self-assemble to form liquid gels, and subcutaneous administration of an analog gel led to the sustained presence of the peptide in the circulation for >2 days. Consistently, subcutaneous injection of the analog gel significantly reduced the blood pressure in SHR rats and increased vasodilation in the hindlimbs of adult rats for days. Conclusions: Together, these data suggest gel-forming adrenomedullin analogs may represent promising candidates for the treatment of various life-threatening endothelial dysfunction-associated diseases such as treatment-resistant hypertension and preeclampsia, which are in urgent need of an effective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 20878, Taiwan
| | - Zheqing Cai
- CL Laboratory LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Sheau Yu Teddy Hsu
- Adepthera LLC, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-799-3496
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12
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Liu SM, Zhang YR, Chen Y, Ji DR, Zhao J, Fu S, Jia MZ, Yu YR, Tang CS, Huang W, Zhou YB, Qi YF. Intermedin Alleviates Vascular Calcification in CKD through Sirtuin 3-Mediated Inhibition of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101224. [PMID: 36297336 PMCID: PMC9608591 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a common pathophysiological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), a major NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase predominantly in mitochondria, is involved in the pathogenesis of VC. We previously reported that intermedin (IMD) could protect against VC. In this study, we investigated whether IMD attenuates VC by Sirt3-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress. A rat VC with CKD model was induced by the 5/6 nephrectomy plus vitamin D3. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification was induced by CaCl2 and β-glycerophosphate. IMD1-53 treatment attenuated VC in vitro and in vivo, rescued the depressed mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level and decreased mitochondrial ROS levels in calcified VSMCs. IMD1-53 treatment recovered the reduced protein level of Sirt3 in calcified rat aortas and VSMCs. Inhibition of VSMC calcification by IMD1-53 disappeared when the cells were Sirt3 absent or pretreated with the Sirt3 inhibitor 3-TYP. Furthermore, 3-TYP pretreatment blocked IMD1-53-mediated restoration of the MMP level and inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress in calcified VSMCs. The attenuation of VSMC calcification by IMD1-53 through upregulation of Sirt3 might be achieved through activation of the IMD receptor and post-receptor signaling pathway AMPK, as indicated by pretreatment with an IMD receptor antagonist or AMPK inhibitor blocking the inhibition of VSMC calcification and upregulation of Sirt3 by IMD1-53. AMPK inhibitor treatment reversed the effects of IMD1-53 on restoring the MMP level and inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress in calcified VSMCs. In conclusion, IMD attenuates VC by improving mitochondrial function and inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress through upregulating Sirt3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Meng Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya-Rong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Deng-Ren Ji
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Su Fu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mo-Zhi Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Z.); (Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Z.); (Y.-F.Q.)
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13
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He Z, Cheng M, Hu J, Liu L, Liu P, Chen L, Cao D, Tang J. miR-1297 sensitizes glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment through targeting adrenomedullin (ADM). J Transl Med 2022; 20:443. [PMID: 36183123 PMCID: PMC9526964 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas account for about 80% of all malignant brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance represents a major treatment hurdle. Adrenomedullin (ADM) has been reported to induce glioblastoma cell growth. METHODS Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis analysis was performed using the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit. The mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by JC-1 staining. A nude mouse tumor assay was used to detect tumor formation. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed in tissue sections. Activation of Akt and Erk and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS ADM expression has been found upregulated in TMZ -resistant glioma samples based on bioinformatics and experimental analyses. Knocking down ADM in glioma cells enhanced the suppressive effects of TMZ on glioma cell viability, promotive effects on cell apoptosis, and inhibitory effects on mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, ADM knockdown also enhanced TMZ effects on Bax/Bcl-2, Akt phosphorylation, and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Bioinformatics and experimental investigation indicated that miR-1297 directly targeted ADM and inhibited ADM expression. miR-1297 overexpression exerted similar effects to ADM knockdown on TMZ-treated glioma cells. More importantly, under TMZ treatment, inhibition of miR-1297 attenuated TMZ treatment on glioma cells; ADM knockdown partially attenuated the effects of miR-1297 inhibition on TMZ-treated glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-1297 sensitizes glioma cells to TMZ treatment through targeting ADM. The Bax/Bcl-2, Akt, and Erk1/2 signaling pathways, as well as mitochondrial functions might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Meixiong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Junting Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingtong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Longyi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Deqian Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Kong L, Xiong Y, Wang D, Huang L, Li M, Feng Z, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Liu F, Xiao F, Wei Y, Zhang W. Intermedin (adrenomedullin 2) promotes breast cancer metastasis via Src/c-Myc-mediated ribosome production and protein translation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 195:91-103. [PMID: 35896852 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women worldwide. Intermedin (IMD, also known as Adrenomedullin 2, ADM2) is an endogenous peptide that belongs to the calcitonin gene-related peptide family and has been reported to play important roles in several types of cancers, including breast cancer. In this study, we sought to investigate how IMD affects the behavior of breast cancer cells, the underlying mechanism of these effects, and whether blockade of IMD has a therapeutic effect against breast cancer. METHODS Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), cell biological experiments, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and animal tumor models were used. RESULTS IMD expression was significantly increased in breast cancer samples, and the IMD level was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and Ki67 expression. Cell biological experiments showed that IMD promoted the anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasive ability of breast cancer cells. Inhibiting IMD activity with an anti-IMD monoclonal antibody blocked these tumor-promoting effects. In addition, blockade of IMD reduced in situ tumor growth and significantly decreased lung metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer in vivo. IMD induced Src kinase phosphorylation, which triggered the transcription of c-Myc, a major oncoprotein controlling the expression of genes that encode ribosomal components. Our data suggest that IMD is involved in breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis, potentially through increasing ribosome biogenesis and protein translation via the Src/c-Myc signaling pathway. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IMD may be a novel target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmiao Kong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Frontier Medical Center, Xin Chuan Road, Zhong He Street, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Periodical Press, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Denian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luping Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Frontier Medical Center, Xin Chuan Road, Zhong He Street, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Frontier Medical Center, Xin Chuan Road, Zhong He Street, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxue Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Frontier Medical Center, Xin Chuan Road, Zhong He Street, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Frontier Medical Center, Xin Chuan Road, Zhong He Street, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong'gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Frontier Medical Center, Xin Chuan Road, Zhong He Street, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Liu F, Duan J, Teng X, Peng D. THE INCREASED PLASMA LEVELS OF INTERMEDIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2022; 18:271-277. [PMID: 36699172 PMCID: PMC9867815 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2022.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Context Intermedin (IMD) is the member of calcitonin gene-related peptide family, and tightly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The change of plasma IMD levels in T2DM is still unknown. Objective We aimed to investigate the plasma levels of IMD in patients with T2DM. Design Fortyone patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the endocrinology department of Civil Aviation General Hospital from January 2012 to June 2015 were enrolled, and 44 volunteers were selected as the control group. Subjects and Methods Plasma level of IMD was detected by ELISA. Diagnostic value of IMD was analyzed by area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Results The plasma level of IMD in T2DM group was higher than that in the healthy control group, whereas smoking or cardiovascular complications did no influence the IMD levels. IMD levels were correlated with BMI, DBP, triglyceride, uric acid, urea nitrogen, fasting and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1C. The greatest value of AUC for IMD was only 58.73%. Conclusions Although plasma levels of IMD were increased in patients with T2DM, the very low diagnostic value of IMD for T2DM might not be used for the disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Liu
- Civil Aviation General Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - J.T. Duan
- Civil Aviation General Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - X. Teng
- Hebei Medical University, Department of Physiology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio–Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - D.Q. Peng
- Civil Aviation General Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
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Jailani ABA, Bigos KJA, Avgoustou P, Egan JL, Hathway RA, Skerry TM, Richards GO. Targeting the adrenomedullin-2 receptor for the discovery and development of novel anti-cancer agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:839-848. [PMID: 35733389 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2090541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide responsible for many physiological processes including vascular health and hormone regulation. Dysregulation of AM signaling can stimulate cancers by promoting proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Two AM receptors contribute to tumor progression in different ways. Adrenomedullin-1 receptor (AM1R) regulates blood pressure and blocking AM signaling via AM1R would be clinically unacceptable. Therefore, antagonizing adrenomedullin-2 receptor (AM2R) presents as an avenue for anti-cancer drug development. AREAS COVERED We review the literature to highlight AM's role in cancer as well as delineating the specific roles AM1R and AM2R mediate in the development of a pro-tumoral microenvironment. We highlight the importance of exploring the residue differences between the receptors that led to the development of first-in-class selective AM2R small molecule antagonists. We also summarize the current approaches targeting AM and its receptors, their anti-tumor effects and their limitations. EXPERT OPINION As tool compounds, AM2R antagonists will allow the dissection of the functions of CGRPR (calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor), AM1R and AM2R, and has considerable potential as a first-in-class oncology therapy. Furthermore, the lack of detectable side effects and good drug-like pharmacokinetic properties of these AM2R antagonists support the promise of this class of compounds as potential anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameera B A Jailani
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamilla J A Bigos
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paris Avgoustou
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joseph L Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Timothy M Skerry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gareth O Richards
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Garelja ML, Bower RL, Brimble MA, Chand S, Harris PW, Jamaluddin MA, Petersen J, Siow A, Walker CS, Hay DL. Pharmacological characterisation of mouse calcitonin and calcitonin receptor-like receptors reveals differences compared with human receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:416-434. [PMID: 34289083 PMCID: PMC8776895 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The calcitonin (CT) receptor family is complex, comprising two receptors (the CT receptor [CTR] and the CTR-like receptor [CLR]), three accessory proteins (RAMPs) and multiple endogenous peptides. This family contains several important drug targets, including CGRP, which is targeted by migraine therapeutics. The pharmacology of this receptor family is poorly characterised in species other than rats and humans. To facilitate understanding of translational and preclinical data, we need to know the receptor pharmacology of this family in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Plasmids encoding mouse CLR/CTR and RAMPs were transiently transfected into Cos-7 cells. cAMP production was measured in response to agonists in the absence or presence of antagonists. KEY RESULTS We report the first synthesis and characterisation of mouse adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 and βCGRP and of mouse CTR without or with mouse RAMPs. Receptors containing m-CTR had subtly different pharmacology than human receptors; they were promiscuous in their pharmacology, both with and without RAMPs. Several peptides, including mouse αCGRP and mouse adrenomedullin 2, were potent agonists of the m-CTR:m-RAMP3 complex. Pharmacological profiles of receptors comprising m-CLR:m-RAMPs were generally similar to those of their human counterparts, albeit with reduced specificity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Mouse receptor pharmacology differed from that in humans, with mouse receptors displaying reduced discrimination between ligands. This creates challenges for interpreting which receptor may underlie an effect in preclinical models and thus translation of findings from mice to humans. It also highlights the need for new ligands to differentiate between these complexes. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Migraine and Headache Therapy (BJP 75th Anniversary).. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Garelja
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Rebekah L Bower
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Shanan Chand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W.R. Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | | | - Jakeb Petersen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Siow
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed,
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18
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Rees T, Hendrikse E, Hay D, Walker C. Beyond CGRP: The calcitonin peptide family as targets for migraine and pain. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:381-399. [PMID: 34187083 PMCID: PMC9441195 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The CGRP system has emerged as a key pharmacological target for the treatment of migraine. However, some individuals who suffer from migraine have low or no response to anti-CGRP or other treatments, suggesting the need for additional clinical targets. CGRP belongs to the calcitonin family of peptides, which includes calcitonin, amylin, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin 2. These peptides display a range of pro-nociceptive and anti-nociceptive actions, in primary headache conditions such as migraine. Calcitonin family peptides also show expression at sites relevant to migraine and pain. This suggests that calcitonin family peptides and their receptors, beyond CGRP, may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of migraine and other pain disorders. This review considers the localisation of the calcitonin family in peripheral pain pathways and discusses how they may contribute to migraine and pain. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Migraine and Headache Therapy (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.A. Rees
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E.R Hendrikse
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | - D.L. Hay
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Corresponding author(s): Christopher S Walker, , Debbie L. Hay,
| | - C.S Walker
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Corresponding author(s): Christopher S Walker, , Debbie L. Hay,
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19
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IMD/ADM2 operates as a secretory factor that controls cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) conformation for oocytes in vitro maturation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:149-168. [PMID: 35102467 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During in vitro maturation (IVM), the compact structure of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) is vital for oocyte competence acquisition. Intermedin/Adrenomedullin-2 (IMD/ADM2) binds to the receptor RAMP (1, 2, or 3):CLR. Recently, it was demonstrated that IMD/ADM2 stimulates oocyte competence and improves bovine embryo quality. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the IMD/ADM2 as a secretory factor controlling COCs conformation for oocyte maturation. The results showed that traditional M-CDM medium induced in COCs the Imd/Adm2 gene expression during IVM and produced IMD/ADM2 peptide secretion. Furthermore, after IVM, in the oocytes, the expression of ramps (1, 2, or 3) and clr was demolished, and RAMPs and CLR proteins were decreased, with a negative Pearson correlation. These results suggest that RAMPs and CLR are synthesized and stored during oocyte maturation. Supplementing the M-CDM with α-RAMP1 or α-IMD/ADM2 antibodies elicits a negative effect (P < 0.05) in COCs compaction. Blocking the IMD/ADM2 signaling pathway with any α-RAMPs or α-CLR antibodies produces a similar lower yield of oocytes in metaphase II (P > 0.05) but was lower than control culture medium (P < 0.05). In conclusion, when COCs are cultured with M-CDM, the IMD/ADM2 becomes expressed and secreted. In turn, it acts as a ligand preferentially to RAMP1:CLR or RAMP3:CLR, present in cumulus cells and oocytes. Sequentially, COCs compact structure is conformed to promote an adequate bidirectional communication that conduces the oocytes' maturation.
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20
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Fan S, He J, Yang Y, Wang D. Intermedin Reduces Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury via JAK2/STAT3. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:817874. [PMID: 35140609 PMCID: PMC8819149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.817874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is an effective treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can improve the prognosis of ARDS to a certain extent. However, it may further aggravate lung tissue injury, which is defined as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Intermedin (IMD) belongs to the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CPRP) superfamily. Our previous studies have found that IMD reduces the expression proinflammatory cytokines, down-regulates nuclear translocation and improves the integrity of endothelial barrier in ARDS. However, the effect of IMD on VILI has not been clarified. Oxidative stress imbalance and apoptosis are the main pathophysiological characteristics of VILI. In the current study, we used C57B6/J mice and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) to establish a VILI model to analyze the effects of IMD on VILI and explore its potential mechanism. We found that IMD alleviated lung injury and inflammatory response in VILI, mainly in reducing ROS levels, upregulating SOD content, downregulating MDA content, reducing the expression of Bax and caspase-3, and increasing the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, we also found that IMD played its anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects via JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Our study may provide some help for the prevention and treatment of VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanli Yang
- *Correspondence: Yanli Yang, ; Daoxin Wang,
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21
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Sisakht M, Khoshdel Z, Mahmoodazdeh A, Shafiee SM, Takhshid MA. Adrenomedullin increases cAMP accumulation and BDNF expression in rat DRG and spinal motor neurons. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:978-985. [PMID: 34712429 PMCID: PMC8528252 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.54796.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Adrenomedullin (AM) has high expression in the spinal cord. In this study, we investigated the expression of AM and its receptor components, including calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal motor (SM) neurons. Furthermore, the effects of AM on cAMP/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) signaling pathways, and expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) were evaluated. Materials and Methods Rat embryonic DRG and SM neurons were isolated, purified, and cultured. Real-time PCR was used to assess expressions of AM, CLR, and RAMPs. cAMP levels, p-CREB, BDNF, and NT-3 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. p-AKT and p-GSK-3β levels were determined by western blotting. Real-time PCR showed expressions of AM, CLR, RAMP2, and RAMP3 in both DRG and SM neurons. Results AM increased cAMP accumulation and p-CREB levels in DRG and SM neurons. AM increased p-AKT and p-GSK-3β in DRG, but not SM neurons. AM significantly increased BDNF expression in both DRG and SM neurons. There was also an increase in NT-3 level in both DRG and SM neurons, which is statistically significant in SM neurons. Conclusion These results showed both DRG and SM neurons are targets of AM actions in the spinal cord. An increase in BDNF expression by AM in both DRG and SM neurons suggests the possible beneficial role of AM in protecting, survival, and regeneration of sensory and motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sisakht
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khoshdel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Mahmoodazdeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Takhshid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Understanding the Stony Bridge between Osteoporosis and Vascular Calcification: Impact of the FGF23/Klotho axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7536614. [PMID: 34539972 PMCID: PMC8448600 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7536614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A relationship between osteoporosis (OP) and vascular calcification (VC) is now proposed. There are common mechanisms underlying the regulation of them. Fibroblast growth factor- (FGF-) 23 and Klotho are hormones associated with the metabolic axis of osteovascular metabolism. Most recently, it was suggested that the FGF23-klotho axis is associated with increasing incidence of fractures and is potentially involved in the progression of the aortic-brachial stiffness ratio. Herein, we discussed the potential role of the FGF23/Klotho axis in the pathophysiology of OP and VC. We want to provide an update review in order to allow a better understanding of the potential role of the FGF23/Klotho axis in comorbidity of OP and VC. We believe that a better understanding of the relationship between both entities can help in proposing new therapeutic targets for reducing the increasing prevalence of OP and VC in the aging population.
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Zhang Y, Tang N, Zhou J. Intermedin1‑47 inhibits high phosphate‑induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by regulating Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:733. [PMID: 34414455 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and accounts for a large proportion of deaths from cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. The high incidence, rapid progression and irreversibility of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification in patients has attracted attention. In the present study, the effect of intermedin1‑47 (IMD1‑47), an important isoform of intermedin, was investigated on the calcification of rat cardiovascular VSMCs induced by high phosphate (HP). To stimulate osteoblast‑like differentiation and calcification in rat VSMCs, 10 mM β‑sodium glycerophosphate was used. The VSMCs were then treated with three doses of IMD1‑47 and the effects of IMD1‑47 on VSMC calcification, on the expression of osteogenic markers [osteoprotegerin, Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin (OPN)] and on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed. HP treatment significantly enhanced the cellular calcium content of VSMCs, the expression of osteogenic markers, and ALP activity, while IMD1‑47 significantly reversed these effects in a dose‑dependent manner. The protein expression levels of Wnt1, Wnt3a and active β‑catenin were determined and it was found that IMD1‑47 significantly inhibited their expression. Following β‑catenin silencing, the protein expression levels Runx2 and OPN were increased compared with the IMD1‑47 treatment alone, indicating a role for the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway in the effects of IMD1‑47 on osteogenic markers. The present study suggested that IMD1‑47 inhibited HP‑induced VSMC calcification by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Fourth Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai 200042, P.R. China
| | - Naiwang Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Central Hospital of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jinjie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Huangpu District, Shanghai 200002, P.R. China
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Xu
- 7129Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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25
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Ogoshi M, Takahashi M, Aoyagi K, Ukena K, Aizawa S, Takeuchi H, Takahashi S, Takeuchi S. Adrenomedullin 2 and 5 activate the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (clr) - Receptor activity-modifying protein 3 (ramp3) receptor complex in Xenopus tropicalis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 306:113752. [PMID: 33711314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The adrenomedullin (AM) family is involved in diverse biological functions, including cardiovascular regulation and body fluid homeostasis, in multiple vertebrate lineages. The AM family consists of AM1, AM2, and AM5 in tetrapods, and the receptor for mammalian AMs has been identified as the complex of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2) or RAMP3. However, the receptors for AM in amphibians have not been identified. In this study, we identified the cDNAs encoding calcrl (clr), ramp2, and ramp3 receptor components from the western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis). Messenger RNAs of amphibian clr and ramp2 were highly expressed in the heart, whereas that of ramp3 was highly expressed in the whole blood. In HEK293T cells expressing clr-ramp2, cAMP response element luciferase (CRE-Luc) reporter activity was activated by am1. In HEK293T cells expressing clr-ramp3, CRE-Luc reporter activity was increased by the treatment with am2 at the lowest dose, but with am5 and am1 at higher dose. Our results provided new insights into the roles of AM family peptides through CLR-RAMP receptor complexes in the tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Ogoshi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Mikoto Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kota Aoyagi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Aizawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Sumio Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Sakae Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Intermedin 1-53 attenuates atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by inhibiting CHOP-mediated apoptosis and inflammasome in macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:436. [PMID: 33934111 PMCID: PMC8088440 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and rupture increase the risk of acute coronary syndromes. Advanced lesion macrophage apoptosis plays important role in the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been proved to be a key mechanism of macrophage apoptosis. Intermedin (IMD) is a regulator of ERS. Here, we investigated whether IMD enhances atherosclerotic plaque stability by inhibiting ERS-CHOP-mediated apoptosis and subsequent inflammasome in macrophages. We studied the effects of IMD on features of plaque vulnerability in hyperlipemia apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Six-week IMD1-53 infusion significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion size. Of note, IMD1-53 lowered lesion macrophage content and necrotic core size and increased fibrous cap thickness and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) content thus reducing overall plaque vulnerability. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that IMD1-53 administration prevented ERS activation in aortic lesions of ApoE−/− mice, which was further confirmed in oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) induced macrophages. Similar to IMD, taurine (Tau), a non-selective ERS inhibitor significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion size and plaque vulnerability. Moreover, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), a pro-apoptosis transcription factor involved in ERS, was significantly increased in advanced lesion macrophages, and deficiency of CHOP stabilized atherosclerotic plaques in AopE−/− mice. IMD1-53 decreased CHOP level and apoptosis in vivo and in macrophages treated with ox-LDL. In addition, IMD1-53 infusion ameliorated NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent proinflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro. IMD may attenuate the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and plaque vulnerability by inhibiting ERS-CHOP-mediated macrophage apoptosis, and subsequent NLRP3 triggered inflammation. The inhibitory effect of IMD on ERS-induced macrophages apoptosis was probably mediated by blocking CHOP activation.
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27
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Xiao F, Li H, Feng Z, Huang L, Kong L, Li M, Wang D, Liu F, Zhu Z, Wei Y, Zhang W. Intermedin facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma cell survival and invasion via ERK1/2-EGR1/DDIT3 signaling cascade. Sci Rep 2021; 11:488. [PMID: 33436794 PMCID: PMC7803743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most malignant cancer types, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly invasive and capable of metastasizing to distant organs. Intermedin (IMD), an endogenous peptide belonging to the calcitonin family, has been suggested playing important roles in cancer cell survival and invasion, including in HCC. However, how IMD affects the behavior of HCC cells and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that IMD maintains an important homeostatic state by activating the ERK1/2-EGR1 (early growth response 1) signaling cascade, through which HCC cells acquire a highly invasive ability via significantly enhanced filopodia formation. The inhibition of IMD blocks the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, resulting in EGR1 downregulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) stress, which is evidenced by the upregulation of ER stress marker DDIT3 (DNA damage-inducible transcript 3). The high level of DDIT3 induces HCC cells into an ER-stress related apoptotic pathway. Along with our previous finding that IMD plays critical roles in the vascular remodeling process that improves tumor blood perfusion, IMD may facilitate the acquisition of increased invasive abilities and a survival benefit by HCC cells, and it is easier for HCC cells to obtain blood supply via the vascular remodeling activities of IMD. According to these results, blockade of IMD activity may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxue Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingmiao Kong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Denian Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong'gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Huang L, Wang D, Feng Z, Zhao H, Xiao F, Wei Y, Zhang H, Li H, Kong L, Li M, Liu F, Zhang H, Zhang W. Inhibition of Intermedin (Adrenomedullin 2) Suppresses the Growth of Glioblastoma and Increases the Antitumor Activity of Temozolomide. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:284-295. [PMID: 33298587 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; grade IV glioma) is the most malignant type of primary brain tumor and is characterized by rapid proliferation and invasive growth. Intermedin (IMD) is an endogenous peptide belonging to the calcitonin gene-related peptide family and has been reported to play an important role in cell survival and invasiveness in several types of cancers. In this study, we found that the expression level of IMD was positively related to the malignancy grade of gliomas. The highest expression of IMD was found in GBM, indicating that IMD may play an important role in glioma malignancy. IMD increased the invasive ability of glioma cells by promoting filopodia formation, which is dependent on ERK1/2 activation. IMD-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation also promoted GBM cell proliferation. In addition, IMD enhanced mitochondrial function and hypoxia-induced responses in GBM cells. Treatment with anti-IMD monoclonal antibodies not only inhibited tumor growth in both ectopic and orthotopic models of GBM but also significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of temozolomide. Our study may provide novel insights into the mechanism of GBM cell invasion and proliferation and provide an effective strategy to improve the therapeutic effect of GBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan, China
| | - Denian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongxue Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong'gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingmiao Kong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan, China.
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Mono and dual agonists of the amylin, calcitonin, and CGRP receptors and their potential in metabolic diseases. Mol Metab 2020; 46:101109. [PMID: 33166741 PMCID: PMC8085567 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies for metabolic diseases are numerous, yet improving insulin sensitivity beyond that induced by weight loss remains challenging. Therefore, search continues for novel treatment candidates that can stimulate insulin sensitivity and increase weight loss efficacy in combination with current treatment options. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amylin belong to the same peptide family and have been explored as treatments for metabolic diseases. However, their full potential remains controversial. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this article, we introduce this rather complex peptide family and its corresponding receptors. We discuss the physiology of the peptides with a focus on metabolism and insulin sensitivity. We also thoroughly review the pharmacological potential of amylin, calcitonin, CGRP, and peptide derivatives as treatments for metabolic diseases, emphasizing their ability to increase insulin sensitivity based on preclinical and clinical studies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Amylin receptor agonists and dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists are relevant treatment candidates, especially because they increase insulin sensitivity while also assisting weight loss, and their unique mode of action complements incretin-based therapies. However, CGRP and its derivatives seem to have only modest if any metabolic effects and are no longer of interest as therapies for metabolic diseases.
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Fan S, Qi D, Yu Q, Tang X, Wen X, Wang D, Deng X. Intermedin alleviates the inflammatory response and stabilizes the endothelial barrier in LPS-induced ARDS through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106951. [PMID: 32892076 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory storms and endothelial barrier dysfunction are the central pathophysiological features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Intermedin (IMD), a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family, has been reported to alleviate inflammation and protect endothelial cell (EC) integrity. However, the effects of IMD on ARDS have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, clinical ARDS data were used to explore the relationship between serum IMD levels and disease severity and prognosis, and we then established a model to predict the possibility of hospital survival. Mouse models of ARDS and LPS-challenged endothelial cells were used to analyze the protective effect and underlying mechanism of IMD. We found that in patients with ARDS, increased serum IMD levels were associated with reduced disease severity and increased rates of hospital survival. IMD alleviated the LPS-induced inflammatory response by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB p65 expression and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, IMD stabilized the endothelial barrier by repairing adherens junctions (AJs), cytoskeleton and capillary leakage. IMD exerted protective effects against ARDS on pulmonary endothelial cells, at least partly, through PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling, while IMD's anti-inflammation effect was mediated through an eNOS-independent mechanism. Our study may provide new therapeutic insight for ARDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xumao Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xinyu Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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31
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Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - Current perspective on a peptide hormone with significant therapeutic potential. Peptides 2020; 131:170347. [PMID: 32569606 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) consists of 52 amino acids and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of many physiological processes, particularly those of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system. Like calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), intermedin (IMD) and amylin (AMY), it belongs to the CT/CGRP family of peptide hormones, which despite their low little sequence identity share certain characteristic structural features as well as a complex multicomponent receptor system. ADM, IMD and CGRP exert their biological effects by activation of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) as a complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP), which alter the ligand affinity. Selectivity within the receptor system is largely mediated by the amidated C-terminus of the peptide hormones, which bind to the extracellular domains of the receptors. This enables their N-terminus consisting of a disulfide-bonded ring structure and a helical segment to bind within the transmembrane region and to induce an active receptor confirmation. ADM is expressed in a variety of tissues in the human body and is fundamentally involved in multitude biological processes. Thus, it is of interest as a diagnostic marker and a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions. In order to fully exploit the potential of ADM, it is necessary to improve its pharmacological profile by increasing the metabolic stability and, ideally, creating receptor subtype-selective analogs. While several successful attempts to prolong the half-life of ADM were recently reported, improving or even retaining receptor selectivity remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Kahremany S, Hofmann L, Gruzman A, Cohen G. Advances in Understanding the Initial Steps of Pruritoceptive Itch: How the Itch Hits the Switch. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144883. [PMID: 32664385 PMCID: PMC7402353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pruritoceptive (dermal) itch was long considered an accompanying symptom of diseases, a side effect of drug applications, or a temporary sensation induced by invading pruritogens, as produced by the stinging nettle. Due to extensive research in recent years, it was possible to provide detailed insights into the mechanism of itch mediation and modulation. Hence, it became apparent that pruritus is a complex symptom or disease in itself, which requires particular attention to improve patients’ health. Here, we summarize recent findings in pruritoceptive itch, including how this sensation is triggered and modulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous pruritogens and their receptors. A differentiation between mediating pruritogen and modulating pruritogen seems to be of great advantage to understand and decipher the molecular mechanism of itch perception. Only a comprehensive view on itch sensation will provide a solid basis for targeting this long-neglected adverse sensation accompanying numerous diseases and many drug side effects. Finally, we identify critical aspects of itch perception that require future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kahremany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lukas Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel;
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat 8855630, Israel
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Gojkovic M, Darmasaputra GS, Veliça P, Rundqvist H, Johnson RS. Deregulated hypoxic response in myeloid cells: A model for high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13461. [PMID: 32129933 PMCID: PMC8638671 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM High-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) is a non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema that can occur during rapid ascent to a high-altitude environment. Classically, HAPE has been described as a condition resulting from a combination of pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypertension. Inflammation has been described as important in HAPE, although as a side effect of pulmonary oedema rather than as a causative factor. In this study, we aim to understand the role of hypoxic response in myeloid cells and its involvement in pathogenesis of HAPE. METHODS We have generated a conditional deletion in mice of the von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) in myeloid cells to determine the effect of a deregulated hypoxic response in pulmonary oedema. RESULTS The deletion of VHL in pulmonary myeloid cells gave rise to pulmonary oedema, increased pulmonary vascular permeability and reduced performance during exertion. These changes were accompanied by reduced stroke volume in the left ventricle. CONCLUSION In this model, we show that a deregulated myeloid cell hypoxic response can trigger some of the most important symptoms of HAPE, and thus mice with a deletion of VHL in the myeloid lineage can function as a model of HAPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Gojkovic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Pedro Veliça
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Randall S. Johnson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Garelja M, Au M, Brimble MA, Gingell JJ, Hendrikse ER, Lovell A, Prodan N, Sexton PM, Siow A, Walker CS, Watkins HA, Williams GM, Wootten D, Yang SH, Harris PWR, Hay DL. Molecular Mechanisms of Class B GPCR Activation: Insights from Adrenomedullin Receptors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:246-262. [PMID: 32296766 PMCID: PMC7155197 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a 52 amino acid peptide that plays a regulatory role in the vasculature. Receptors for AM comprise the class B G protein-coupled receptor, the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR), in complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). The C-terminus of AM is involved in binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor, while the N-terminus is proposed to interact with the juxtamembranous portion of the receptor to activate signaling. There is currently limited information on the molecular determinants involved in AM signaling, thus we set out to define the importance of the AM N-terminus through five signaling pathways (cAMP production, ERK phosphorylation, CREB phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, and IP1 production). We characterized the three CLR:RAMP complexes through the five pathways, finding that each had a distinct repertoire of intracellular signaling pathways that it is able to regulate. We then performed an alanine scan of AM from residues 15-31 and found that most residues could be substituted with only small effects on signaling, and that most substitutions affected signaling through all receptors and pathways in a similar manner. We identify F18, T20, L26, and I30 as being critical for AM function, while also identifying an analogue (AM15-52 G19A) which has unique signaling properties relative to the unmodified AM. We interpret our findings in the context of new structural information, highlighting the complementary nature of structural biology and functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
L. Garelja
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Maggie Au
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Joseph J. Gingell
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Erica R. Hendrikse
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Annie Lovell
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Prodan
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Siow
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Harriet A. Watkins
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M. Williams
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sung H. Yang
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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35
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Holmes D, Corr M, Thomas G, Harbinson M, Campbell M, Spiers P, Bell D. Protective effects of intermedin/adrenomedullin-2 in a cellular model of human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Peptides 2020; 126:170267. [PMID: 32017948 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts (PF) and distal migration of smooth muscle cells (PSM) are hallmarks of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Intermedin/adrenomedullin-2 (IMD/AM2) belongs to the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP)/Adrenomedullin (AM) superfamily. These peptides act via Calcitonin-Like Receptors (CLR) combined with one of three Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). IMD/AM2 is a potent pulmonary vasodilator in animal studies. The aim was to describe expression of IMD/AM2, AM and receptor components in human pulmonary vascular cells and to elucidate effects of IMD/AM2 on human PSM migration and PF proliferation. Gene expression was detected by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. Normotension and hypertension were simulated by applying pulsatile mechanical stretch (Flexcell® apparatus). Viable cell numbers were determined by dye exclusion. PSM chemotaxis was measured via Dunn chamber. IMD/AM2 protein was co-expressed with AM and their receptor components in pulmonary artery and microvascular endothelial (PAEC, PMVEC) and non-endothelial cells (PF, PSM), and localised to vesicles. IMD/AM2 was secreted under basal conditions, most abundantly from PF and PMVEC. Secretion from PF and PSM was enhanced by stretch. IMD/AM2 mRNA expression increased in response to hypertensive stretch of PSM. IMD/AM2 inhibited PDGF (10-7 M)-mediated PSM migration maximally at 3 × 10-10 M and PF proliferation maximally at 3 × 10-9 M. Angiotensin II (5 × 10-8 M), normotensive and hypertensive stretch augmented PF proliferation. IMD/AM2 (10-9 M) abolished the proliferative effects of Angiotensin II and normotensive stretch and attenuated the proliferative effect of hypertensive stretch alone and combined with angiotensin II. These findings indicate an important counter-regulatory role for IMD/AM2 in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Holmes
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Corr
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Thomas
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Harbinson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Campbell
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Spiers
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David Bell
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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36
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Pioszak AA, Hay DL. RAMPs as allosteric modulators of the calcitonin and calcitonin-like class B G protein-coupled receptors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 88:115-141. [PMID: 32416865 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a family of three single span transmembrane proteins in humans that interact with many GPCRs and can modulate their function. RAMPs were discovered as key components of the calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin receptors. They are required for transport of this class B GPCR, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), to the cell surface and determine its peptide ligand binding preferences. Soon thereafter RAMPs were shown to modulate the binding of calcitonin and amylin peptides to the related calcitonin receptor (CTR) and in the years since an ever-growing number of RAMP-interacting receptors have been identified including most if not all of the 15 class B GPCRs and several GPCRs from other families. Studies of CLR, CTR, and a handful of other GPCRs revealed that RAMPs are able to modulate various aspects of receptor function including trafficking, ligand binding, and signaling. Here, we review RAMP interactions and functions with an emphasis on class B receptors for which our understanding is most advanced. A key focus is to discuss recent evidence that RAMPs serve as endogenous allosteric modulators of CLR and CTR. We discuss structural studies of RAMP-CLR complexes and CTR and biochemical and pharmacological studies that collectively have significantly expanded our understanding of the mechanistic basis for RAMP modulation of these class B GPCRs. Last, we consider the implications of these findings for drug development targeting RAMP-CLR/CTR complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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37
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Kim J, Lee SK, Kim D, Choe H, Jang YJ, Park HS, Kim JH, Hong JP, Lee YJ, Heo Y. Altered Expression of Adrenomedullin 2 and its Receptor in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5603192. [PMID: 31642491 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) plays protective roles in the renal and cardiovascular systems. Recent studies in experimental animals demonstrated that AM2 is an adipokine with beneficial effects on energy metabolism. However, there is little information regarding AM2 expression in human adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE To investigate the pattern and regulation of the expression of AM2 and its receptor component in human adipose tissue, in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We measured metabolic parameters, serum AM2, and expression of ADM2 and its receptor component genes in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in obese (with or without type 2 diabetes) and normal-weight women. Serum AM2 was assessed before and 6 to 9 months after bariatric surgery. Expression/secretion of AM2 and its receptor were assessed in human adipocytes. RESULTS ADM2 mRNA in both fat depots was higher in obese patients, whether diabetic or not. Although serum AM2 was significantly lower in obese patients, it was not changed after bariatric surgery. AM2 and its receptor complex were predominantly expressed by adipocytes, and the expression of CALCRL, encoding a component of the AM2 receptor complex, was lower in both fat depots of obese patients. Incubating adipocytes with substances mimicking the microenvironment of obese adipose tissue increased ADM2 mRNA but reduced both AM2 secretion into culture media and CALCRL mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that AM2 signaling is suppressed in adipose tissue in obesity, involving lower receptor expression and ligand availability, likely contributing to insulin resistance and other aspects of the pathophysiology associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Donguk Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Joon Pio Hong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Korea
| | - Yoonseok Heo
- Department of Surgery, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Korea
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38
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Xie J, Guo J, Kanwal Z, Wu M, Lv X, Ibrahim NA, Li P, Buabeid MA, Arafa ESA, Sun Q. Calcitonin and Bone Physiology: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Investigations. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:3236828. [PMID: 32963524 PMCID: PMC7501564 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3236828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin was discovered as a peptide hormone that was known to reduce the calcium levels in the systemic circulation. This hypocalcemic effect is produced due to multiple reasons such as inhibition of bone resorption or suppression of calcium release from the bone. Thus, calcitonin was said as a primary regulator of the bone resorption process. This is the reason why calcitonin has been used widely in clinics for the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, and Paget's disease. However, presently calcitonin usage is declined due to the development of efficacious formulations of new drugs. Calcitonin gene-related peptides and several other peptides such as intermedin, amylin, and adrenomedullin (ADM) are categorized in calcitonin family. These peptides are known for the structural similarity with calcitonin. Aside from having a similar structure, these peptides have few overlapping biological activities and signal transduction action through related receptors. However, several other activities are also present that are peptide specific. In vitro and in vivo studies documented the posttreatment effects of calcitonin peptides, i.e., positive effect on bone osteoblasts and their formation and negative effect on osteoclasts and their resorption. The recent research studies carried out on genetically modified mice showed the inhibition of osteoclast activity by amylin, while astonishingly calcitonin plays its role by suppressing osteoblast and bone turnover. This article describes the review of the bone, the activity of the calcitonin family of peptides, and the link between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng, Jiangxi 331100, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of the Second Orthopedics, Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Hongdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | | | - Mingzheng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Xiangyang Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | | | - Ping Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, Sichuan 625000, China
| | | | | | - Qingshan Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
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39
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Kang Y, Ding L, Dai H, Wang F, Zhou H, Gao Q, Xiong X, Zhang F, Song T, Yuan Y, Zhu G, Zhou Y. Intermedin in Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Ang II-Induced Sympathoexcitation through the Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-Dependent ROS Generation in Obese Rats with Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174217. [PMID: 31466304 PMCID: PMC6747263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a critical role in sympathetic overdrive in hypertension (OH). Intermedin (IMD), a bioactive peptide, has extensive clinically prospects in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that IMD in the PVN can inhibit the generation of ROS caused by Ang II for attenuating sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure (BP) in rats with obesity-related hypertension (OH). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (160-180 g) were used to induce OH by feeding of a high-fat diet (42% kcal as fat) for 12 weeks. The dynamic changes of sympathetic outflow were evaluated as the alterations of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to certain chemicals. The results showed that the protein expressions of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2) and RAMP3 were markedly increased, but IMD was much lower in OH rats when compared to control rats. IMD itself microinjection into PVN not only lowered SNA, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS level, but also decreased Ang II-caused sympathetic overdrive, and increased NADPH oxidase activity, ROS levels and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) activation in OH rats. However, those effects were mostly blocked by the adrenomedullin (AM) receptor antagonist AM22-52 pretreatment. The enhancement of SNA caused by Ang II can be significantly attenuated by the pretreatment of AT1R antagonist lorsatan, superoxide scavenger Tempol and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (Apo) in OH rats. ERK activation inhibitor U0126 in the PVN reversed Ang II-induced enhancement of SNA, and Apo and IMD pretreatment in the PVN decreased Ang II-induced ERK activation. Chronic IMD administration in the PVN resulted in significant reductions in basal SNA and BP in OH rats. Moreover, IMD lowered NADPH oxidase activity and ROS level in the PVN; reduced the protein expressions of AT1R and NADPH oxidase subunits NOX2 and NOX4, and ERK activation in the PVN; and decreased Ang II levels-inducing sympathetic overactivation. These results indicated that IMD via AM receptors in the PVN attenuates SNA and hypertension, and decreases Ang II-induced enhancement of SNA through the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity and ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hangbing Dai
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fangzheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tianrun Song
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yebo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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40
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Ji Y, Rizk A, Voulalas P, Aljohani H, Akerman S, Dussor G, Keller A, Masri R. Sex differences in the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor components in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2019; 6:100031. [PMID: 31223141 PMCID: PMC6565752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2019.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays an important role in migraine pathophysiology. CGRP acts primarily by activating a receptor composed of 3 proteins: calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), and receptor component protein (RCP). We tested the hypothesis that sex differences exist in protein levels of two key components of this CGRP receptor: CLR and RCP. METHODS We used specific antibodies to assess baseline protein levels of CLR and RCP in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) and upper cervical spinal cord of both male and female rats. We also tested if manipulations that knock-down the expression of RCP in SpVc, using locally-mediated gene transfer of short hairpin RNA (shRNA), ameliorate pain in an animal model of intracranial migraine-like pain induced by chemical noxious stimulation of the meninges. To assess pain, we used tests of ongoing pain (rat face grimace test and freezing behavior) and tests of facial mechanical hypersensitivity and allodynia. RESULTS There was no difference in CLR levels between male and female animals (p > 0.11) in SpVc and the upper cervical cord. However, female animals exhibited greater baseline levels of RCP (up to 3-fold higher) compared to males (p < 0.002). The knock-down of RCP expression in SpVc attenuated mechanical facial allodynia induced by chemical noxious stimulation of the meninges, but had little effect on ongoing pain behaviors in female and male animals. CONCLUSIONS RCP is an integral component of the CGRP receptor and may play a key role in mediating CGRP induced central sensitization after noxious stimulation of the meninges. RCP expression in the SpVc and upper cervical cord is sexually dimorphic, with higher levels of expression in females. This dimorphism may be related to the increased incidence of migraines in females-a hypothesis that should be tested in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Ji
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Rizk
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pamela Voulalas
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanan Aljohani
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics Sciences, King Saud University, School of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon Akerman
- Department of Neural Sciences and Pain, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Dussor
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Asaf Keller
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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41
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Musa H, Hendrikse ER, Brimble MA, Garelja ML, Watkins HA, Harris PWR, Hay DL. Pharmacological Characterization and Investigation of N-Terminal Loop Amino Acids of Adrenomedullin 2 That Are Important for Receptor Activation. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3468-3474. [PMID: 31328503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) is a peptide hormone with potent effects in the cardiovascular system. The N-terminal disulfide loop of AM2 is thought to be important for interacting with its receptors to initiate a signaling response. However, the relative contribution of each amino acid within this region is currently unknown. Thus, the region was investigated using an alanine scanning approach. Two AM2 peptides (AM2-47 and AM2-40) were directly compared at the CGRP, AM1, and AM2 receptors in transfected Cos7 cells and found to have equivalent activity. Analogues of AM2-40 were then synthesized, substituting each individual amino acid within the disulfide loop with alanine. The ability of these analogues to stimulate a cAMP response was evaluated at the CGRP, AM1, and AM2 receptors. AM2-40 L12A and T14A were less able to elicit cAMP responses through all tested receptors. In contrast, AM2-40 G13A was slightly more potent than the unmodified peptide at all tested receptors. Thus, it appears that residues within the disulfide loop region play differential roles in the ability of AM2 to stimulate cAMP production. The data provide the first structure-function investigation of AM2 agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Musa
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Erica R Hendrikse
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Michael L Garelja
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Harriet A Watkins
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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42
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Naot D, Musson DS, Cornish J. The Activity of Peptides of the Calcitonin Family in Bone. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:781-805. [PMID: 30540227 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00066.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin was discovered over 50 yr ago as a new hormone that rapidly lowers circulating calcium levels. This effect is caused by the inhibition of calcium efflux from bone, as calcitonin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption. Calcitonin has been in clinical use for conditions of accelerated bone turnover, including Paget's disease and osteoporosis; although in recent years, with the development of drugs that are more potent inhibitors of bone resorption, its use has declined. A number of peptides that are structurally similar to calcitonin form the calcitonin family, which currently includes calcitonin gene-related peptides (αCGRP and βCGRP), amylin, adrenomedullin, and intermedin. Apart from being structurally similar, the peptides signal through related receptors and have some overlapping biological activities, although other activities are peptide specific. In bone, in vitro studies and administration of the peptides to animals generally found inhibitory effects on osteoclasts and bone resorption and positive effects on osteoblasts and bone formation. Surprisingly, studies in genetically modified mice have demonstrated that the physiological role of calcitonin appears to be the inhibition of osteoblast activity and bone turnover, whereas amylin inhibits osteoclast activity. The review article focuses on the activities of peptides of the calcitonin family in bone and the challenges in understanding the relationship between the pharmacological effects and the physiological roles of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - David S Musson
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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43
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Fischer J, Schönauer R, Els‐Heindl S, Bierer D, Koebberling J, Riedl B, Beck‐Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin disulfide bond mimetics uncover structural requirements for AM1receptor activation. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3147. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Ria Schönauer
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els‐Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Riedl
- Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A Wuppertal Germany
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44
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Tsuruda T, Kato J, Kuwasako K, Kitamura K. Adrenomedullin: Continuing to explore cardioprotection. Peptides 2019; 111:47-54. [PMID: 29577955 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM), a peptide isolated from an extract of human pheochromocytoma, comprises 52 amino acids with an intramolecular disulfide bond and amidation at the carboxy-terminus. AM is present in various tissues and organs in rodents and humans, including the heart. The peptide concentration increases with cardiac hypertrophy, acute myocardial infarction, and overt heart failure in the plasma and the myocardium. The principal function of AM in the cardiovascular system is the regulation of the vascular tone by vasodilation and natriuresis via cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent or -independent mechanism. In addition, AM may possess unique properties that inhibit aldosterone secretion, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stimulation of angiogenesis, resulting in the protection of the structure and function of the heart. The AM receptor comprises a complex between calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 2 or 3, and the AM-CLR/RAMP2 system is essential for heart development during embryogenesis. Small-scale clinical trials have proven the efficacy and safety of recombinant AM peptide therapy for heart failure. Gene delivery and a modified AM peptide that prolongs the half-life of the native peptide could be an innovative method to improve the efficacy and benefit of AM in clinical settings. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiological roles of AM and its receptor system in the heart and describe the advances in AM and proAM-derived peptides as diagnostic biomarkers as well as the therapeutic application of AM and modified AM for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Tsuruda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Johji Kato
- Frontier Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuwasako
- Frontier Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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45
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Ni XQ, Lu WW, Zhang JS, Zhu Q, Ren JL, Yu YR, Liu XY, Wang XJ, Han M, Jing Q, Du J, Tang CS, Qi YF. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress by intermedin1-53 attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in ApoE KO Mice. Endocrine 2018; 62:90-106. [PMID: 29943223 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Since bioactive peptide intermedin (IMD)1-53 protects against AAA formation, here we investigated whether IMD1-53 attenuates AAA by inhibiting ERS. AAA model was induced by angiotensin II (AngII) in ApoE KO mouse background. AngII-treated mouse aortas showed increased ERS gene transcription of caspase12, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a (eIf2a) and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4).The protein level of ERS marker glucose regulated protein 94(GRP94), ATF4 and C/EBP homologous protein 10(CHOP) was also up-regulated by AngII. Increased ERS levels were accompanied by severe VSMC apoptosis in human AAA aorta. In vivo administration of IMD1-53 greatly reduced AngII-induced AAA and abrogated the activation of ERS. To determine whether IMD inhibited AAA by ameliorating ERS, we used 2 non-selective ERS inhibitors phenyl butyrate (4-PBA) and taurine (TAU). Similar to IMD, PBA, and TAU significantly reduced the incidence of AAA and AAA-related pathological disorders. In vitro, AngII infusion up-regulated CHOP, caspase12 expression and led to VSMC apoptosis. IMD siRNA aggravated the CHOP, caspase12-mediated VSMC apoptosis, which was abolished by ATF4 silencing. IMD infusion promoted the phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in aortas in ApoE KO mice, and the AMPK inhibitor compound C abolished the protective effect of IMD on VSMC ERS and apoptosis induced by AngII. In conclusion, IMD may protect against AAA formation by inhibiting ERS via activating AMPK phosphorylation.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylate Kinase/metabolism
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Peptide Hormones/pharmacology
- Peptide Hormones/therapeutic use
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Qiang Ni
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ling Ren
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China.
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46
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Intermedin in Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Sympathoexcitation and Decreases TLR4-Mediated Sympathetic Activation via Adrenomedullin Receptors in Rats with Obesity-Related Hypertension. Neurosci Bull 2018; 35:34-46. [PMID: 30276527 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermedin/adrenomedullin-2 (IMD/AM2), a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide/AM family, plays an important role in protecting the cardiovascular system. However, its role in the enhanced sympathoexcitation in obesity-related hypertension is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of IMD in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sympathetic activation in obesity-related hypertensive (OH) rats induced by a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Acute experiments were performed under anesthesia. The dynamic alterations of sympathetic outflow were evaluated as changes in renal SNA and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to specific drugs. Male rats were fed a control diet (12% kcal as fat) or a high-fat diet (42% kcal as fat) for 12 weeks to induce OH. The results showed that IMD protein in the PVN was downregulated, but Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and plasma norepinephrine (NE, indicating sympathetic hyperactivity) levels, and systolic blood pressure were increased in OH rats. LPS (0.5 µg/50 nL)-induced enhancement of renal SNA and MAP was greater in OH rats than in obese or control rats. Bilateral PVN microinjection of IMD (50 pmol) caused greater decreases in renal SNA and MAP in OH rats than in control rats, and inhibited LPS-induced sympathetic activation, and these were effectively prevented in OH rats by pretreatment with the AM receptor antagonist AM22-52. The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor U0126 in the PVN partially reversed the LPS-induced enhancement of SNA. However, IMD in the PVN decreased the LPS-induced ERK activation, which was also effectively prevented by AM22-52. Chronic IMD administration resulted in significant reductions in the plasma NE level and blood pressure in OH rats. Moreover, IMD lowered the TLR4 protein expression and ERK activation in the PVN, and decreased the LPS-induced sympathetic overactivity. These results indicate that IMD in the PVN attenuates SNA and hypertension, and decreases the ERK activation implicated in the LPS-induced enhancement of SNA in OH rats, and this is mediated by AM receptors.
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47
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Roehrkasse AM, Booe JM, Lee SM, Warner ML, Pioszak AA. Structure-function analyses reveal a triple β-turn receptor-bound conformation of adrenomedullin 2/intermedin and enable peptide antagonist design. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15840-15854. [PMID: 30139742 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotective vasodilator peptide adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) and the related adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signal through three heterodimeric receptors comprising the calcitonin receptor-like class B G protein-coupled receptor (CLR) and a variable receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP1, -2, or -3) that determines ligand selectivity. The CGRP receptor (RAMP1:CLR) favors CGRP binding, whereas the AM1 (RAMP2:CLR) and AM2 (RAMP3:CLR) receptors favor AM binding. How AM2/IMD binds the receptors and how RAMPs modulate its binding is unknown. Here, we show that AM2/IMD binds the three purified RAMP-CLR extracellular domain (ECD) complexes with a selectivity profile that is distinct from those of CGRP and AM. AM2/IMD bound all three ECD complexes but preferred the CGRP and AM2 receptor complexes. A 2.05 Å resolution crystal structure of an AM2/IMD antagonist fragment-bound RAMP1-CLR ECD complex revealed that AM2/IMD binds the complex through a unique triple β-turn conformation that was confirmed by peptide and receptor mutagenesis. Comparisons of the receptor-bound conformations of AM2/IMD, AM, and a high-affinity CGRP analog revealed differences that may have implications for biased signaling. Guided by the structure, enhanced-affinity AM2/IMD antagonist variants were developed, including one that discriminates the AM1 and AM2 receptors with ∼40-fold difference in affinities and one stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. These results reveal differences in how the three peptides engage the receptors, inform development of AM2/IMD-based pharmacological tools and therapeutics, and provide insights into RAMP modulation of receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Roehrkasse
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Jason M Booe
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Margaret L Warner
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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48
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Mishima S, Otsuka A, Matsuuchi S, Hashikawa N, Inoue K, Hashikawa N. αCGRP Transgenic Mice Display Typical Physiologic Features. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:1119-1126. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Mishima
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science
| | - Ami Otsuka
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science
| | - Shota Matsuuchi
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science
| | - Naoya Hashikawa
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science
| | - Kenichi Inoue
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies
| | - Narumi Hashikawa
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science
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49
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Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Schönauer R, Bierer D, Köbberling J, Riedl B, Beck-Sickinger AG. The Impact of Adrenomedullin Thr22 on Selectivity within the Calcitonin Receptor-like Receptor/Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein System. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1797-1805. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Ria Schönauer
- Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Donald Bierer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Bayer AG; Aprather Weg 18 A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Johannes Köbberling
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Bayer AG; Aprather Weg 18 A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Bernd Riedl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Bayer AG; Aprather Weg 18 A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
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50
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Telli G, Erac Y, Tel BC, Gumusel B. Mechanism of adrenomedullin 2/intermedin mediated vasorelaxation in rat main pulmonary artery. Peptides 2018; 103:65-71. [PMID: 29588171 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) is a member of calcitonin related gene peptide family and an important nitric oxide mediated vasorelaxant in various vascular beds. However, the mechanism of post receptor-interaction is not clear and may differ depending on tissue type and species. In this study, we aimed to investigate the exact mechanism and the role of BKCa and calcium channels on the vasorelaxant effect of AM2/IMD in rat PA. Changes in the AM2/IMD-mediated vasorelaxation were evaluated in the presence of various inhibitors. CGRP(8-37) (10-6 M), L-NAME (10-4 M), ODQ (10-5 M), SQ22536 (10-4 M), H89 (10-6 M), TEA (10-2 M), iberiotoxin (3 × 10-7 M), and verapamil (10-5 M), all partly or completely inhibited the vasorelaxation. The relaxation was also abolished by removal of the endothelium, or in KCl precontracted PAs. AM2/IMD did not elicit vasorelaxation in the Ca2+-free conditions. However, the vasorelaxation was not inhibited with AM(22-52) (10-6 M), 4-AP (3 × 10-3 M), glibenclamide (10-5 M), apamin (3 × 10-7 M), TRAM-34 (10-5 M), and La+3 (10-4 M). AM2/IMD -induced changes in intracellular calcium levels and isometric force were monitored simultaneously in fura-2-loaded, endothelium-intact PAs. The AM2/IMD-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration was inhibited in the presence of iberiotoxin and verapamil, whereas no change was observed with La3+ incubation. Our data suggest that the cAMP/PKA pathway is one of the important pathways AM2/IMD-induced vasorelaxation. AM2/IMD acts through activation of endothelial BKCa and subsequently causes hyperpolarization of the endothelial cell membrane. The hyperpolarization induces Ca2+ influx, which leads to NO production and subsequent vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Telli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Erac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Cahide Tel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Gumusel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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