1
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DARPP-32 promotes ERBB3-mediated resistance to molecular targeted therapy in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:83-98. [PMID: 34675407 PMCID: PMC8529229 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-refractory lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression is a major clinical problem. New approaches to predict and prevent acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs are urgently needed. Here, we show that dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32) physically recruits ERBB3 (HER3) to EGFR to mediate switching from EGFR homodimers to EGFR:ERBB3 heterodimers to bypass EGFR TKI-mediated inhibition by potentiating ERBB3-dependent activation of oncogenic signaling. In paired LUAD patient-derived specimens before and after EGFR TKI-refractory disease progression, we reveal that DARPP-32 and kinase-activated EGFR and ERBB3 proteins are overexpressed upon acquired resistance. In mice, DARPP-32 ablation sensitizes gefitinib-resistant xenografts to EGFR TKIs, while DARPP-32 overexpression increases gefitinib-refractory LUAD progression in gefitinib-sensitive lung tumors. We introduce a DARPP-32-mediated, ERBB3-dependent mechanism the LUAD cells use to evade EGFR TKI-induced cell death, potentially paving the way for the development of therapies to better combat therapy-refractory LUAD progression.
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2
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Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Irwin DC, Gerasimovskaya E, Lahm T, Klemm DJ, Dempsey EC, Stenmark KR, Karoor V. Metabolite G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3347. [PMID: 34943862 PMCID: PMC8699532 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have originally been described as a family of receptors activated by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators. However, in recent years GPCRs have shown to bind endogenous metabolites, which serve functions other than as signaling mediators. These receptors respond to fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, amino acids, or various intermediates and products of metabolism, including ketone bodies, lactate, succinate, or bile acids. Given that many of these metabolic processes are dysregulated under pathological conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, receptors of endogenous metabolites have also been recognized as potential drug targets to prevent and/or treat metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This review describes G protein-coupled receptors activated by endogenous metabolites and summarizes their physiological, pathophysiological, and potential pharmacological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - David C. Irwin
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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3
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Kumagai S, Koyama S, Nishikawa H. Antitumour immunity regulated by aberrant ERBB family signalling. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:181-197. [PMID: 33462501 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant signalling of ERBB family members plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in the escape from antitumour immunity in multiple malignancies. Molecular-targeted agents against these signalling pathways exhibit robust clinical efficacy, but patients inevitably experience acquired resistance to these molecular-targeted therapies. Although cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have shown durable antitumour response in a subset of the treated patients in multiple cancer types, clinical efficacy is limited in cancers harbouring activating gene alterations of ERBB family members. In particular, ICI treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alterations and breast cancers with HER2 alterations failed to show clinical benefits, suggesting that EGFR and HER2 signalling may have an essential role in inhibiting antitumour immune responses. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which the signalling of ERBB family members affects not only autonomous cancer hallmarks, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, but also antitumour immune responses in the tumour microenvironment and the potential application of immune-genome precision medicine into immunotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy focusing on the signalling of ERBB family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kumagai
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
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4
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Li Y, Lin M, Wang K, Zhan Y, Gu W, Gao G, Huang Y, Chen Y, Huang T, Wang J. A module of multifactor-mediated dysfunction guides the molecular typing of coronary heart disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1415. [PMID: 32743916 PMCID: PMC7549572 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is the most common cardiovascular disease and has become a leading cause of death globally. Various molecular typing methods are available for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. However, molecular typing results are not routinely used for CHD. Methods and Results Aiming to uncover the underlying molecular features of different types of CHD, we screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with CHD based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data and expanded those with the NCBI‐gene and OMIM databases to finally obtain 2021 DEGs. The weighted gene co‐expression analysis (WGCNA) was performed on the candidate genes, and six distinctive WGCNA modules were identified, two of which were associated with CHD. Moreover, DEGs were mined as key genes for co‐expression based on the module network relationship. Furthermore, the differentially expressed miRNAs in CHD and interactions in the database were mined in the GEO data set to build a multifactor regulatory network of key genes for co‐expression. Based on the network, the CHD samples were further classified into five clusters and we defined FTH1, HCAR3, RGS2, S100A9, and TYROBP as the top genes of the five subgroups. Finally, the mRNA levels of FTH1, S100A9, and TYROBP were found to be significantly increased, while the expression of HCAR3 was decreased in the blood of CHD patients. We did not detect measurable levels of RGS2. Conclusion The screened core clusters of genes may be a target for the diagnosis and treatment of CHD as a molecular typing module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Maohuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangjie Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - YaQing Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuna Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Tucheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
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Peters A, Rabe P, Krumbholz P, Kalwa H, Kraft R, Schöneberg T, Stäubert C. Natural biased signaling of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 and G protein-coupled receptor 84. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:31. [PMID: 32102673 PMCID: PMC7045412 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medium-chain fatty acids and their 3-hydroxy derivatives are metabolites endogenously produced in humans, food-derived or originating from bacteria. They activate G protein-coupled receptors, including GPR84 and HCA3, which regulate metabolism and immune functions. Although both receptors are coupled to Gi proteins, share at least one agonist and show overlapping tissue expression, GPR84 exerts pro-inflammatory effects whereas HCA3 is involved in anti-inflammatory responses. Here, we analyzed signaling kinetics of both HCA3 and GPR84, to unravel signal transduction components that may explain their physiological differences. METHODS To study the signaling kinetics and components involved in signal transduction of both receptors we applied the label-free dynamic mass redistribution technology in combination with classical cAMP, ERK signaling and β-arrestin-2 recruitment assays. For phenotypical analyses, we used spheroid cell culture models. RESULTS We present strong evidence for a natural biased signaling of structurally highly similar agonists at HCA3 and GPR84. We show that HCA3 signaling and trafficking depends on dynamin-2 function. Activation of HCA3 by 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid but not 3-hydroxydecanoic acid leads to β-arrestin-2 recruitment, which is relevant for cell-cell adhesion. GPR84 stimulation with 3-hydroxydecanoic acid causes a sustained ERK activation but activation of GPR84 is not followed by β-arrestin-2 recruitment. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results highlight that biased agonism is a physiological property of HCA3 and GPR84 with relevance for innate immune functions potentially to differentiate between endogenous, non-pathogenic compounds and compounds originating from e.g. pathogenic bacteria. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Peters
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Rabe
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Krumbholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann Kalwa
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Kraft
- Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Stäubert
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Bando SY, Iamashita P, Guth BE, dos Santos LF, Fujita A, Abe CM, Ferreira LR, Moreira-Filho CA. A hemolytic-uremic syndrome-associated strain O113:H21 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli specifically expresses a transcriptional module containing dicA and is related to gene network dysregulation in Caco-2 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189613. [PMID: 29253906 PMCID: PMC5734773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing (Stx) Escherichia coli (STEC) O113:H21 strains are associated with human diarrhea and some of these strains may cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The molecular mechanism underlying this capacity and the differential host cell response to HUS-causing strains are not yet completely understood. In Brazil O113:H21 strains are commonly found in cattle but, so far, were not isolated from HUS patients. Here we conducted comparative gene co-expression network (GCN) analyses of two O113:H21 STEC strains: EH41, reference strain, isolated from HUS patient in Australia, and Ec472/01, isolated from cattle feces in Brazil. These strains were cultured in fresh or in Caco-2 cell conditioned media. GCN analyses were also accomplished for cultured Caco-2 cells exposed to EH41 or Ec472/01. Differential transcriptome profiles for EH41 and Ec472/01 were not significantly changed by exposure to fresh or Caco-2 conditioned media. Conversely, global gene expression comparison of both strains cultured in conditioned medium revealed a gene set exclusively expressed in EH41, which includes the dicA putative virulence factor regulator. Network analysis showed that this set of genes constitutes an EH41 specific transcriptional module. PCR analysis in Ec472/01 and in other 10 Brazilian cattle-isolated STEC strains revealed absence of dicA in all these strains. The GCNs of Caco-2 cells exposed to EH41 or to Ec472/01 presented a major transcriptional module containing many hubs related to inflammatory response that was not found in the GCN of control cells. Moreover, EH41 seems to cause gene network dysregulation in Caco-2 as evidenced by the large number of genes with high positive and negative covariance interactions. EH41 grows slowly than Ec472/01 when cultured in Caco-2 conditioned medium and fitness-related genes are hypoexpressed in that strain. Therefore, EH41 virulence may be derived from its capacity for dysregulating enterocyte genome functioning and its enhanced enteric survival due to slow growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Yumi Bando
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Iamashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz E. Guth
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis F. dos Santos
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Fujita
- Department of Computer Science, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecilia M. Abe
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro R. Ferreira
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Moreira-Filho
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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7
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Xia S, He C, Zhu Y, Wang S, Li H, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Liu J. GABA BR-Induced EGFR Transactivation Promotes Migration of Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:265-277. [PMID: 28424220 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) act in concert to regulate cell growth, proliferation, survival, and migration. Metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) is the GPCR for the main inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the central nervous system. Increased expression of GABABR has been detected in human cancer tissues and cancer cell lines, but the role of GABABR in these cells is controversial and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether GABABR hijacks RTK signaling to modulate the fates of human prostate cancer cells. RTK array analysis revealed that the GABABR-specific agonist baclofen selectively induced the transactivation of EGFR in PC-3 cells. EGFR transactivation resulted in the activation of ERK1/2 by a mechanism that is dependent on Gi/o protein and that requires matrix metalloproteinase-mediated proligand shedding. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABABR, such as CGP7930, rac-BHFF, and GS39783, can function as PAM agonists to induce EGFR transactivation and subsequent ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, both baclofen and CGP7930 promoted cell migration and invasion through EGFR signaling. In summary, our observations demonstrated that GABABR transactivated EGFR in a ligand-dependent mechanism to promote prostate cancer cell migration and invasion, thus providing new insights into developing a novel strategy for prostate cancer treatment by targeting neurotransmitter signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xia
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong He
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yini Zhu
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyun Wang
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Li
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongling Zhang
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinnong Jiang
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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ErbB Family Signalling: A Paradigm for Oncogene Addiction and Personalized Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040033. [PMID: 28417948 PMCID: PMC5406708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ErbB family members represent important biomarkers and drug targets for modern precision therapy. They have gained considerable importance as paradigms for oncoprotein addiction and personalized medicine. This review summarizes the current understanding of ErbB proteins in cell signalling and cancer and describes the molecular rationale of prominent cases of ErbB oncoprotein addiction in different cancer types. In addition, we have highlighted experimental technologies for the development of innovative cancer cell models that accurately predicted clinical ErbB drug efficacies. In the future, such cancer models might facilitate the identification and validation of physiologically relevant novel forms of oncoprotein and non-oncoprotein addiction or synthetic lethality. The identification of genotype-drug response relationships will further advance personalized oncology and improve drug efficacy in the clinic. Finally, we review the most important drugs targeting ErbB family members that are under investigation in clinical trials or that made their way already into clinical routine. Taken together, the functional characterization of ErbB oncoproteins have significantly increased our knowledge on predictive biomarkers, oncoprotein addiction and patient stratification and treatment.
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9
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Multi-Compartmentalisation in the MAPK Signalling Pathway Contributes to the Emergence of Oscillatory Behaviour and to Ultrasensitivity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156139. [PMID: 27243235 PMCID: PMC4887093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction through the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways is evolutionarily highly conserved. Many cells use these pathways to interpret changes to their environment and respond accordingly. The pathways are central to triggering diverse cellular responses such as survival, apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation. Though the interactions between the different MAPK pathways are complex, nevertheless, they maintain a high level of fidelity and specificity to the original signal. There are numerous theories explaining how fidelity and specificity arise within this complex context; spatio-temporal regulation of the pathways and feedback loops are thought to be very important. This paper presents an agent based computational model addressing multi-compartmentalisation and how this influences the dynamics of MAPK cascade activation. The model suggests that multi-compartmentalisation coupled with periodic MAPK kinase (MAPKK) activation may be critical factors for the emergence of oscillation and ultrasensitivity in the system. Finally, the model also establishes a link between the spatial arrangements of the cascade components and temporal activation mechanisms, and how both contribute to fidelity and specificity of MAPK mediated signalling.
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10
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Stäubert C, Broom OJ, Nordström A. Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors are essential for breast cancer cells to control their lipid/fatty acid metabolism. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19706-20. [PMID: 25839160 PMCID: PMC4637315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit characteristic changes in their metabolism with efforts being made to address them therapeutically. However, targeting metabolic enzymes as such is a major challenge due to their essentiality for normal proliferating cells. The most successful pharmaceutical targets are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), with more than 40% of all currently available drugs acting through them.We show that, a family of metabolite-sensing GPCRs, the Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor family (HCAs), is crucial for breast cancer cells to control their metabolism and proliferation.We found HCA1 and HCA3 mRNA expression were significantly increased in breast cancer patient samples and detectable in primary human breast cancer patient cells. Furthermore, siRNA mediated knock-down of HCA3 induced considerable breast cancer cell death as did knock-down of HCA1, although to a lesser extent. Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry based analyses of breast cancer cell medium revealed a role for HCA3 in controlling intracellular lipid/fatty acid metabolism. The presence of etomoxir or perhexiline, both inhibitors of fatty acid β-oxidation rescues breast cancer cells with knocked-down HCA3 from cell death.Our data encourages the development of drugs acting on cancer-specific metabolite-sensing GPCRs as novel anti-proliferative agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stäubert
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Anders Nordström
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Hu J, Kyrou I, Tan BK, Dimitriadis GK, Ramanjaneya M, Tripathi G, Patel V, James S, Kawan M, Chen J, Randeva HS. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate Stimulates Adipogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis via GPR43 in Brown Adipocytes. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1881-94. [PMID: 26990063 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids play crucial roles in a range of physiological functions. However, the effects of short-chain fatty acids on brown adipose tissue have not been fully investigated. We examined the role of acetate, a short-chain fatty acid formed by fermentation in the gut, in the regulation of brown adipocyte metabolism. Our results show that acetate up-regulates adipocyte protein 2, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, and uncoupling protein-1 expression and affects the morphological changes of brown adipocytes during adipogenesis. Moreover, an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis was observed after acetate treatment. Acetate also elicited the activation of ERK and cAMP response element-binding protein, and these responses were sensitive to G(i/o)-type G protein inactivator, Gβγ-subunit inhibitor, phospholipase C inhibitor, and MAPK kinase inhibitor, indicating a role for the G(i/o)βγ/phospholipase C/protein kinase C/MAPK kinase signaling pathway in these responses. These effects of acetate were mimicked by treatment with 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-N-2-thiazolylbenzeneacetamide, a synthetic G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) agonist and were impaired in GPR43 knockdown cells. Taken together, our results indicate that acetate may have important physiological roles in brown adipocytes through the activation of GPR43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Hu
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Vanlata Patel
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Sean James
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Kawan
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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Chang YT, Huang CS, Yao CT, Su SL, Terng HJ, Chou HL, Chou YC, Chen KH, Shih YW, Lu CY, Lai CH, Jian CE, Lin CH, Chen CT, Wu YS, Lin KS, Wetter T, Chang CW, Chu CM. Gene expression profile of peripheral blood in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14463-14471. [PMID: 25339833 PMCID: PMC4202375 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Optimal molecular markers for detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) in a blood-based assay were evaluated.
METHODS: A matched (by variables of age and sex) case-control design (111 CRC and 227 non-cancer samples) was applied. Total RNAs isolated from the 338 blood samples were reverse-transcribed, and the relative transcript levels of candidate genes were analyzed. The training set was made of 162 random samples of the total 338 samples. A logistic regression analysis was performed, and odds ratios for each gene were determined between CRC and non-cancer. The samples (n = 176) in the testing set were used to validate the logistic model, and an inferred performance (generality) was verified. By pooling 12 public microarray datasets(GSE 4107, 4183, 8671, 9348, 10961, 13067, 13294, 13471, 14333, 15960, 17538, and 18105), which included 519 cases of adenocarcinoma and 88 controls of normal mucosa, we were able to verify the selected genes from logistic models and estimate their external generality.
RESULTS: The logistic regression analysis resulted in the selection of five significant genes (P < 0.05; MDM2, DUSP6, CPEB4, MMD, and EIF2S3), with odds ratios of 2.978, 6.029, 3.776, 0.538 and 0.138, respectively. The five-gene model performed stably for the discrimination of CRC cases from controls in the training set, with accuracies ranging from 73.9% to 87.0%, a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 95%. In addition, a good performance in the test set was obtained using the discrimination model, providing 83.5% accuracy, 66.0% sensitivity, 92.0% specificity, a positive predictive value of 89.2% and a negative predictive value of 73.0%. Multivariate logistic regressions analyzed 12 pooled public microarray data sets as an external validation. Models that provided similar expected and observed event rates in subgroups were termed well calibrated. A model in which MDM2, DUSP6, CPEB4, MMD, and EIF2S3 were selected showed the result in logistic regression analysis (H-L P = 0.460, R2= 0.853, AUC = 0.978, accuracy = 0.949, specificity = 0.818 and sensitivity = 0.971).
CONCLUSION: A novel gene expression profile was associated with CRC and can potentially be applied to blood-based detection assays.
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13
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Distinct pathways of ERK1/2 activation by hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93041. [PMID: 24671202 PMCID: PMC3966839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic investigations have shown that, upon agonist activation, hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor-1(HCA1) couples to a Gi protein and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity, leading to inhibition of liberation of free fatty acid. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for HCA1 signaling remain largely unknown. Using CHO-K1 cells stably expressing HCA1, and L6 cells, which endogenously express rat HCA1 receptors, we found that activation of ERK1/2 by HCA1 was rapid, peaking at 5 min, and was significantly blocked by pertussis toxin. Furthermore, time course experiments with different kinase inhibitors demonstrated that HCA1 induced ERK1/2 activation via the extracellular Ca2+, PKC and IGF-I receptor transactivation-dependent pathways. In addition, we observed that pretreated the cells with M119K, an inhibitor of Gβγ subunit-dependent signaling, effectively attenuated the ERK1/2 activation triggered by HCA1, suggesting a critical role for βγ-subunits in HCA1-activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the present results also indicated that the arrestin2/3 were not required for ERK1/2 activation. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that upon binding to agonist, HCA1 receptors initially activate Gi, leading to dissociation of the Gβγ subunit from activated Gi, and subsequently induce ERK1/2 activation via two distinct pathways: one PKC-dependent pathway and the other IGF-IR transactivation-dependent pathway. Our results provide the first in-depth evidence that defines the molecular mechanism of HCA1-mediated ERK1/2 activation.
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14
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Kimura I, Ozawa K, Inoue D, Imamura T, Kimura K, Maeda T, Terasawa K, Kashihara D, Hirano K, Tani T, Takahashi T, Miyauchi S, Shioi G, Inoue H, Tsujimoto G. The gut microbiota suppresses insulin-mediated fat accumulation via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1829. [PMID: 23652017 PMCID: PMC3674247 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 954] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota affects nutrient acquisition and energy regulation of the host, and can influence the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. During feeding, gut microbes produce short-chain fatty acids, which are important energy sources for the host. Here we show that the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43 links the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota with host body energy homoeostasis. We demonstrate that GPR43-deficient mice are obese on a normal diet, whereas mice overexpressing GPR43 specifically in adipose tissue remain lean even when fed a high-fat diet. Raised under germ-free conditions or after treatment with antibiotics, both types of mice have a normal phenotype. We further show that short-chain fatty acid-mediated activation of GPR43 suppresses insulin signalling in adipocytes, which inhibits fat accumulation in adipose tissue and promotes the metabolism of unincorporated lipids and glucose in other tissues. These findings establish GPR43 as a sensor for excessive dietary energy, thereby controlling body energy utilization while maintaining metabolic homoeostasis. The gut microbiota produces metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can influence the development of obesity. Here Kimura et al. show that SCFAs act via the receptor GPR43, which acts as a sensor for excessive dietary energy and controls body energy utilization as well as metabolic homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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15
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George AJ, Hannan RD, Thomas WG. Unravelling the molecular complexity of GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation using functional genomics approaches. FEBS J 2013; 280:5258-68. [PMID: 23992425 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To influence physiology and pathophysiology, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have evolved to appropriate additional signalling modalities, such as activation of adjacent membrane receptors. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) mediate growth and remodelling actions of GPCRs, although the precise network of gene products and molecular cascades linking GPCRs to EGFRs (termed EGFR transactivation) remains incomplete. In this review, we describe the current view of GPCR-EGFR transactivation, identifying the established models of receptor cross-talk. We consider the limitations in our current knowledge, and propose that recent advances in molecular and cell biology technology, including functional genomics approaches, will allow a renewed focus of efforts to understand the mechanism underlying EGFR transactivation. Using an unbiased approach for identification of the molecules required for GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation will provide a contemporary and more complete representation from which to extrapolate therapeutic control in diseases from cardiovascular remodelling to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amee J George
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia; Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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16
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Li G, Zhou Q, Yu Y, Chen L, Shi Y, Luo J, Benovic J, Lu J, Zhou N. Identification and characterization of distinct C-terminal domains of the human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor-2 that are essential for receptor export, constitutive activity, desensitization, and internalization. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:1150-61. [PMID: 22962331 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA₂), also known as GPR109A and HM74a, was first identified as a niacin receptor and has recently received significant attention because of its potential to clinically modify plasma lipids in a favorable manner. Our recent studies have demonstrated that the niacin-induced internalization of HCA₂ receptors is regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 2 and arrestin3 and that internalized receptors rapidly recycle back to the cell surface. The investigation presented here used a combination of amino acid deletion and site-directed mutagenesis to identify structural and functional domains within the HCA₂ C terminus and explore their potential roles in receptor phosphorylation, desensitization, and internalization. We first constructed four mutants with deletions of 10 to 15 amino acids each that were distinct from truncated mutants. We successfully identified different domains responsible for receptor export, constitutive activity, desensitization, phosphorylation, and internalization. We also generated a comprehensive series of alanine substitution mutants, replacing conserved serine and threonine residues in the C terminus with alanine residues to pinpoint the key residues that are essential for GRK2-mediated phosphorylation and arrestin3 association. Moreover, we found that a sequence from residues 329 to 343 in the C-terminal tail of HCA₂ plays a crucial role in keeping HCA₂ in an inactive conformation. These data demonstrate the importance of distinct domains within the C terminus of HCA₂ for receptor cell surface expression, desensitization, and internalization and phosphorylation and stabilization of an inactive receptor conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou Zhejinag, China
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