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Jones GM, Keane JJ, Gutiérrez RJ, Peery MZ. Declining old-forest species as a legacy of large trees lost. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M. Jones
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - John J. Keane
- U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station; Davis CA USA
| | - R. J. Gutiérrez
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN USA
| | - M. Zachariah Peery
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
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Lorenz TJ, Raphael MG, Bloxton TD. Marine Habitat Selection by Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) during the Breeding Season. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162670. [PMID: 27681655 PMCID: PMC5040416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) is a declining seabird that is well-known for nesting in coastal old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest. Most studies of habitat selection have focused on modeling terrestrial nesting habitat even though marine habitat is believed to be a major contributor to population declines in some regions. To address this information gap, we conducted a 5-year study of marine resource selection by murrelets in Washington, which contains a population experiencing the steepest documented declines and where marine habitat is believed to be compromised. Across five years we tracked 157 radio-tagged murrelets during the breeding season (May to August), and used discrete choice models to examine habitat selection. Using an information theoretic approach, our global model had the most support, suggesting that murrelet resource selection at-sea is affected by many factors, both terrestrial and marine. Locations with higher amounts of nesting habitat (β = 21.49, P < 0.001) that were closer to shore (β = -0.0007, P < 0.001) and in cool waters (β = -0.2026, P < 0.001) with low footprint (β = -0.0087, P < 0.001) had higher probabilities of use. While past conservation efforts have focused on protecting terrestrial nesting habitat, we echo many past studies calling for future efforts to protect marine habitat for murrelets, as the current emphasis on terrestrial habitat alone may be insufficient for conserving populations. In particular, marine areas in close proximity to old-growth nesting habitat appear important for murrelets during the breeding season and should be priorities for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J. Lorenz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, Washington, United States of America
| | - Martin G. Raphael
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas D. Bloxton
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, Washington, United States of America
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Borker AL, Halbert P, Mckown MW, Tershy BR, Croll DA. A comparison of automated and traditional monitoring techniques for marbled murrelets using passive acoustic sensors. WILDLIFE SOC B 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham L. Borker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California, Santa Cruz; Center for Ocean Health 100 Shaffer Road Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Portia Halbert
- California State Park; 303 Big Trees Park Road Felton CA 95018 USA
| | - Matthew W. Mckown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California, Santa Cruz; Center for Ocean Health 100 Shaffer Road Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Bernie R. Tershy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California, Santa Cruz; Center for Ocean Health 100 Shaffer Road Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Donald A. Croll
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California, Santa Cruz; Center for Ocean Health 100 Shaffer Road Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
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Building on Two Decades of Ecosystem Management and Biodiversity Conservation under the Northwest Forest Plan, USA. FORESTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/f6093326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Qi G, Hu Y, Owens JR, Dai Q, Hou R, Yang Z, Qi D. Habitat suitability for chiru ( Pantholops hodgsonii
): Implications for conservation management across the Tibetan region of Chang Tang. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Qi
- The Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province; Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding; Chengdu Sichuan 610081 China
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1-5 Beichenxi Road Beijing 100101 China
| | - Jacob R. Owens
- The Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province; Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding; Chengdu Sichuan 610081 China
| | - Qiang Dai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan 610081 China
| | - Rong Hou
- The Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province; Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding; Chengdu Sichuan 610081 China
| | - Zhisong Yang
- Institute of Rare Animals and Plants; China West Normal University; Nanchong 637009 China
| | - Dunwu Qi
- The Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province; Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding; Chengdu Sichuan 610081 China
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Gillette NE, Kegley SJ, Costello SL, Mori SR, Webster JN, Mehmel CJ, Wood DL. Efficacy of verbenone and green leaf volatiles for protecting whitebark and limber pines from attack by mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:1019-1026. [PMID: 25003785 DOI: 10.1603/en12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To develop safe and effective methods to protect whitebark pines, Pinus albicaulis Engelmann, and limber pines, Pinus flexilis James, from attack by mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), we compared verbenone and verbenone plus green leaf volatiles (GLVs) for prevention of beetle attack. We used two strategies: area-wide protection where semiochemical-releasing flakes are dispersed over the forest floor, and individual tree tests where flakes are applied to tree trunks. The area-wide bioassays were conducted by applying verbenone- and GLV-releasing flakes without stickers to the forest floor on 0.81-ha plots dominated by whitebark pines in the State of Washington with four replicates. We conducted individual tree bioassays by applying the same formulations with stickers to whitebark and limber pines in Montana and Colorado, respectively. In all three situations, both verbenone-alone and verbenone plus GLVs significantly increased the proportion of trees escaping mass attack by beetles, but the two formulations were not significantly different from one another. Despite a lack of significance at a Bonferroni-adjusted α = 0.05, adding GLVs gave slightly greater absolute levels of tree protection in most cases. Monitoring traps placed in the area-wide treatments in Washington showed similar outcomes for numbers of beetles trapped: both treatments had significantly fewer beetles than controls, and they were not significantly different from one another. At peak flight, however, plots with GLVs combined with verbenone had roughly 40% fewer beetles than plots with verbenone alone. GLVs are considerably cheaper than verbenone, so tests of higher application rates may be warranted to achieve enhanced tree protection at reasonable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Gillette
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific SW Research Station, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
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Staus NL, Strittholt JR, Dellasala DA. Evaluating areas of high conservation value in Western Oregon with a decision-support model. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2010; 24:711-720. [PMID: 20184658 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Northwest Forest Plan was implemented in 1994 to protect habitat for species associated with old-growth forests, including Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentailis caurina) in Washington, Oregon, and northern California (U.S.A.). Nevertheless, 10-year monitoring data indicate mixed success in meeting the ecological goals of the plan. We used the ecosystem management decision-support model to evaluate terrestrial and aquatic habitats across the landscape on the basis of ecological objectives of the Northwest Forest Plan, which included maintenance of late-successional and old-growth forest, recovery, and maintenance of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), and viability of Northern Spotted Owls. Areas of the landscape that contained habitat characteristics that supported these objectives were considered of high conservation value. We used the model to evaluate ecological condition of each of the 36, 180 township and range sections of the study area. Eighteen percent of the study area was identified as habitat of high conservation value. These areas were mostly on public lands. Many of the sections that contained habitat of exceptional conservation value were on Bureau of Land Management land that has been considered for management-plan revisions to increase timber harvests. The results of our model can be used to guide future land management in the Northwest Forest Plan area, and illustrate how decision-support models can help land managers develop strategies to better meet their goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Staus
- Conservation Biology Institute, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA.
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Peery MZ, Hall LA, Sellas A, Beissinger SR, Moritz C, Bérubé M, Raphael MG, Nelson SK, Golightly RT, McFarlane-Tranquilla L, Newman S, Palsbøll PJ. Genetic analyses of historic and modern marbled murrelets suggest decoupling of migration and gene flow after habitat fragmentation. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 277:697-706. [PMID: 19906669 PMCID: PMC2842750 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dispersal of individuals among fragmented populations is generally thought to prevent genetic and demographic isolation, and ultimately reduce extinction risk. In this study, we show that a century of reduction in coastal old-growth forests, as well as a number of other environmental factors, has probably resulted in the genetic divergence of marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in central California, despite the fact that 7 per cent of modern-sampled murrelets in this population were classified as migrants using genetic assignment tests. Genetic differentiation appears to persist because individuals dispersing from northern populations contributed relatively few young to the central California population, as indicated by the fact that migrants were much less likely to be members of parent-offspring pairs than residents (10.5% versus 45.4%). Moreover, a recent 1.4 per cent annual increase in the proportion of migrants in central California, without appreciable reproduction, may have masked an underlying decline in the resident population without resulting in demographic rescue. Our results emphasize the need to understand the behaviour of migrants and the extent to which they contribute offspring in order to determine whether dispersal results in gene flow and prevents declines in resident populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zachariah Peery
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, 1630 Linden Drive Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Hall LA, Palsbøll PJ, Beissinger SR, Harvey JT, Bérubé M, Raphael MG, Nelson SK, Golightly RT, McFarlane-Tranquilla L, Newman SH, Peery MZ. Characterizing dispersal patterns in a threatened seabird with limited genetic structure. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:5074-85. [PMID: 19912540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic assignment methods provide an appealing approach for characterizing dispersal patterns on ecological time scales, but require sufficient genetic differentiation to accurately identify migrants and a large enough sample size of migrants to, for example, compare dispersal between sexes or age classes. We demonstrate that assignment methods can be rigorously used to characterize dispersal patterns in a marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) population from central California that numbers approximately 600 individuals and is only moderately differentiated (F(ST) approximately 0.03) from larger populations to the north. We used coalescent simulations to select a significance level that resulted in a low and approximately equal expected number of type I and II errors and then used this significance level to identify a population of origin for 589 individuals genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. The proportion of migrants in central California was greatest during winter when 83% of individuals were classified as migrants compared to lower proportions during the breeding (6%) and post-breeding (8%) seasons. Dispersal was also biased toward young and female individuals, as is typical in birds. Migrants were rarely members of parent-offspring pairs, suggesting that they contributed few young to the central California population. A greater number of migrants than expected under equilibrium conditions, a lack of individuals with mixed ancestry, and a small number of potential source populations (two), likely allowed us to use assignment methods to rigorously characterize dispersal patterns for a population that was larger and less differentiated than typically thought required for the identification of migrants.
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Gaydos JK, Dierauf L, Kirby G, Brosnan D, Gilardi K, Davis GE. Top 10 principles for designing healthy coastal ecosystems like the Salish Sea. ECOHEALTH 2008; 5:460-471. [PMID: 19259736 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-009-0209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Like other coastal zones around the world, the inland sea ecosystem of Washington (USA) and British Columbia (Canada), an area known as the Salish Sea, is changing under pressure from a growing human population, conversion of native forest and shoreline habitat to urban development, toxic contamination of sediments and species, and overharvest of resources. While billions of dollars have been spent trying to restore other coastal ecosystems around the world, there still is no successful model for restoring estuarine or marine ecosystems like the Salish Sea. Despite the lack of a guiding model, major ecological principles do exist that should be applied as people work to design the Salish Sea and other large marine ecosystems for the future. We suggest that the following 10 ecological principles serve as a foundation for educating the public and for designing a healthy Salish Sea and other coastal ecosystems for future generations: (1) Think ecosystem: political boundaries are arbitrary; (2) Account for ecosystem connectivity; (3) Understand the food web; (4) Avoid fragmentation; (5) Respect ecosystem integrity; (6) Support nature's resilience; (7) Value nature: it's money in your pocket; (8) Watch wildlife health; (9) Plan for extremes; and (10) Share the knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Gaydos
- The SeaDoc Society, UC Davis Wildlife Health Center, Orcas Island Office, 942 Deer Harbor Road, Eastsound, WA 98245, USA.
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ZHARIKOV YURI, LANK DAVIDB, COOKE FRED. Influence of landscape pattern on breeding distribution and success in a threatened Alcid, the marbled murrelet: model transferability and management implications. J Appl Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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