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Marino C, Bellard C. When origin, reproduction ability and diet define the role of birds in invasions. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230196. [PMID: 36987640 PMCID: PMC10050945 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) are increasingly documented; however, they are usually studied through the lens of either the IAS or the affected species (IAS-threatened species). A clear understanding of how both protagonists of biological invasions are characterized is still lacking. We investigated the morphology, life history and ecology of birds involved in biological invasions. Evaluating the distribution of 450 IAS-threatened birds and 400 alien birds in a functional space, we found that both groups retained various strategies. Aliens had larger clutches and were more likely to be herbivores than IAS-threatened and worldwide birds, while IAS-threatened birds were more insular endemic from the Australia region than alien and worldwide birds. IAS-threatened species showed opposite strategies to aliens regarding traits related to diet, origin and reproduction. Further comparing traits associated with impact magnitude, we found that even if aliens were mostly herbivorous, those with high impact had more a generalist behaviour and an animal-based diet compared to aliens with low impact. By emphasizing differences relating to the distribution of bird groups in a functional space, we opened new opportunities to identify the role of birds in biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Marino
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Céline Bellard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay 91405, France
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2
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Lithology and disturbance drive cavefish and cave crayfish occurrence in the Ozark Highlands ecoregion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19559. [PMID: 36379975 PMCID: PMC9666451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse communities of groundwater-dwelling organisms (i.e., stygobionts) are important for human wellbeing; however, we lack an understanding of the factors driving their distributions, making it difficult to protect many at-risk species. Therefore, our study objective was to determine the landscape factors related to the occurrence of cavefishes and cave crayfishes in the Ozark Highlands ecoregion, USA. We sampled cavefishes and cave crayfishes at 61 sampling units using both visual and environmental DNA surveys. We then modeled occurrence probability in relation to lithology and human disturbance while accounting for imperfect detection. Our results indicated that occurrence probability of cave crayfishes was negatively associated with human disturbance, whereas there was a weak positive relationship between cavefish occurrence and disturbance. Both cavefishes and cave crayfishes were more likely to occur in limestone rather than dolostone lithology. Our results indicate structuring factors are related to the distribution of these taxa, but with human disturbance as a prevalent modifier of distributions for cave crayfishes. Limiting human alteration near karst features may be warranted to promote the persistence of some stygobionts. Moreover, our results indicate current sampling efforts are inadequate to detect cryptic species; therefore, expanding sampling may be needed to develop effective conservation actions.
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3
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Rodger AW, Starks TA. Ontogenetic Diet Shift, Feeding Ecology, and Trophic Niches of the Redspot Chub (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae: Nocomis asper). ICHTHYOLOGY & HERPETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1643/i2020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W. Rodger
- Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Streams Program, 9097 N 34 th St. W, Porter, Oklahoma 74454; (AWR) ; and (TAS) . Send reprint requests to AWR
| | - Trevor A. Starks
- Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Streams Program, 9097 N 34 th St. W, Porter, Oklahoma 74454; (AWR) ; and (TAS) . Send reprint requests to AWR
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4
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Thurner SD, Converse SJ, Branch TA. Modeling opportunistic exploitation: increased extinction risk when targeting more than one species. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Chan J, Zeng Y, Yeo DCJ. Invasive species trait-based risk assessment for non-native freshwater fishes in a tropical city basin in Southeast Asia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248480. [PMID: 33724990 PMCID: PMC7963036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions have created detrimental impacts in freshwater ecosystems. As non-native freshwater species include economically beneficial, but also harmful, species, trait-based risk assessments can be used to identify and prevent the import of potentially invasive species. Freshwater fishes are one of the most evaluated freshwater taxa to date. However, such assessments have mostly been done in sub-temperate to temperate regions, with a general lack of such research in the tropics. In view of this knowledge gap, this study aims to determine if a different set of traits are associated with successful establishment of non-native fishes within the tropics. In tropical Southeast Asia, Singapore represents a suitable model site to perform an invasive species trait-based risk assessment for the tropical region given its susceptibility to the introduction and establishment of non-native freshwater fishes and lack of stringent fish import regulation. A quantitative trait-based risk assessment was performed using random forest to determine the relative importance of species attributes associated with the successful establishment of introduced freshwater fishes in Singapore. Species having a match in climate, prior invasion success, lower absolute fecundity, higher trophic level, and involvement in the aquarium trade were found to have higher establishment likelihood (as opposed to native distributional range and maximum size being among the commonly identified predictors in subtropical/temperate trait-based risk assessments). To minimize invasive risk, incoming freshwater fishes could be screened in future for such traits, allowing lists of prohibited or regulated species to be updated. The findings could also potentially benefit the development of invasive species action plans and inform management decisions in the Southeast Asian region. Considering a geographical bias in terms of having relatively less documentation of biological invasions in the tropics, particularly Asia, this study highlights the need to perform more of such risk assessments in other parts of the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joleen Chan
- Department of Biology Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yiwen Zeng
- Department of Biology Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Darren C. J. Yeo
- Department of Biology Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- * E-mail:
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6
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van Kuijk T, Biesmeijer JC, van der Hoorn BB, Verdonschot PFM. Functional traits explain crayfish invasive success in the Netherlands. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2772. [PMID: 33531568 PMCID: PMC7854663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions by nonindigenous species can have negative effects on economies and ecosystems. To limit this impact, current research on biological invasions uses functional traits to facilitate a mechanistic understanding of theoretical and applied questions. Here we aimed to assess the role of functional traits in the progression of crayfish species through different stages of invasion and determine the traits associated with invasive success. A dataset of thirteen functional traits of 15 species currently occurring or available for sale in the Netherlands was evaluated. Six of these crayfish appeared invasive. Important traits distinguishing successful from unsuccessful invaders were a temperate climate in the native range, a medium to high egg count and producing more than one egg clutch per year. The most successful invaders had different functional trait combinations: Procambarus clarkii has a higher reproductive output, can migrate over longer distances and possesses a higher aggression level; Faxonius limosus is adapted to a colder climate, can reproduce parthenogetically and has broader environmental tolerances. Using a suit of functional traits to analyse invasive potential can help risk management and prevention. For example, based on our data Procambarus virginalis is predicted to become the next successful invasive crayfish in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiedo van Kuijk
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacobus C Biesmeijer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Piet F M Verdonschot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Rodger AW, Starks TA. Length–Weight and Morphological Relationships for Ecological Studies Involving Ringed Crayfish (Faxonius neglectus neglectus): An Extraregional Invader. SOUTHEAST NAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1656/058.019.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W. Rodger
- Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Streams Program, 9097 N 34th Street W, Porter, OK 74454
| | - Trevor A. Starks
- Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Streams Program, 9097 N 34th Street W, Porter, OK 74454
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8
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Hartzell SM. Life History of an Invasive Population of Allegheny Crayfish (Faxonius obscurus) in an Eastern Pennsylvania Stream. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2020. [DOI: 10.1656/045.027.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Hartzell
- Department of Biological and Allied Health Sciences, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, 400 East 2nd Street, Bloomsburg, PA 17815;
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Lintermans M, Geyle HM, Beatty S, Brown C, Ebner BC, Freeman R, Hammer MP, Humphreys WF, Kennard MJ, Kern P, Martin K, Morgan DL, Raadik TA, Unmack PJ, Wager R, Woinarski JCZ, Garnett ST. Big trouble for little fish: identifying Australian freshwater fishes in imminent risk of extinction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/pc19053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Globally, freshwater fishes are declining at an alarming rate. Despite much evidence of catastrophic declines, few Australian species are listed as threatened under national legislation. We aim to help redress this by identifying the Australian freshwater fishes that are in the most immediate risk of extinction. For 22 freshwater fishes (identified as highly threatened by experts), we used structured expert elicitation to estimate the probability of extinction in the next ~20 years, and to identify key threats and priority management needs. All but one of the 22 species are small (<150mm total length), 12 have been formally described only in the last decade, with seven awaiting description. Over 90% of these species were assessed to have a >50% probability of extinction in the next ~20 years. Collectively, the biggest factor contributing to the likelihood of extinction of the freshwater fishes considered is that they occur in small (distributions ≤44km2), geographically isolated populations, and are threatened by a mix of processes (particularly alien fishes and climate change). Nineteen of these species are unlisted on national legislation, so legislative drivers for recovery actions are largely absent. Research has provided strong direction on how to manage ~35% of known threats to the species considered, and, of these, ~36% of threats have some management underway (although virtually none are at the stage where intervention is no longer required). Increased resourcing, management intervention and social attitudinal change is urgently needed to avert the impending extinction of Australia’s most imperilled freshwater fishes.
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Lynch DT, Leasure DR, Magoulick DD. Flow alteration-ecology relationships in Ozark Highland streams: Consequences for fish, crayfish and macroinvertebrate assemblages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:680-697. [PMID: 30974359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We examined flow alteration-ecology relationships in benthic macroinvertebrate, fish, and crayfish assemblages in Ozark Highland streams, USA, over two years with contrasting environmental conditions, a drought year (2012) and a flood year (2013). We hypothesized that: 1) there would be temporal variation in flow alteration-ecology relationships between the two years, 2) flow alteration-ecology relationships would be stronger during the drought year vs the flood year, and 3) fish assemblages would show the strongest relationships with flow alteration. We used a quantitative richest-targeted habitat (RTH) method and a qualitative multi-habitat (QMH) method to collect macroinvertebrates at 16 USGS gaged sites during both years. We used backpack electrofishing to sample fish and crayfish at 17 sites in 2012 and 11 sites in 2013. We used redundancy analysis to relate biological response metrics, including richness, diversity, density, and community-based metrics, to flow alteration. We found temporal variation in flow alteration-ecology relationships for all taxa, and that relationships differed greatly between assemblages. We found relationships were stronger for macroinvertebrates during the drought year but not for other assemblages, and that fish assemblage relationships were not stronger than the invertebrate taxa. Magnitude of average flow, frequency of high flow, magnitude of high flow, and duration of high flow were the most important categories of flow alteration metrics across taxa. Alteration of high and average flows was more important than alteration of low flows. Of 32 important flow alteration metrics across years and assemblages, 19 were significantly altered relative to expected values. Ecological responses differed substantially between drought and flood years, and this is likely to be exacerbated with predicted climate change scenarios. Differences in flow alteration-ecology relationships among taxonomic groups and temporal variation in relationships illustrate that a complex suite of variables should be considered for effective conservation of stream communities related to flow alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Lynch
- Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, Department of Arkansas Heritage, 1100 North Street, Little Rock, AR 72201, USA.
| | - Douglas R Leasure
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel D Magoulick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Science and Engineering, Room 601, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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11
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Subterranean Invasion by Gapped Ringed Crayfish: Effectiveness of a Removal Effort and Barrier Installation. DIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-native crayfish invasion is a major threat to many stream fauna; however, invasions in subterranean habitats are rarely documented. Our study objectives were to examine demographics and morphological and life-history traits of a gapped ringed crayfish Faxonius neglectus chaenodactylus population that invaded Tumbling Creek Cave and determine the effects of removal on the population. Crayfish were found throughout the cave though fewer individuals were observed upstream of an installed weir. Fecund females were collected in nearly all months, but were prevalent during spring (February–June). Males and females were of similar sizes. Males had larger chelae and chelae that were regenerated slightly more often than females. Removal of >4000 crayfish since 2011 resulted in reduced abundances, but the population persisted. Age estimates from counting bands on gastric mills indicated crayfish within the cave lived longer than populations in nearby Big Creek (6 vs. 4 years). Recent efforts to prevent upstream cave migrations included a barrier installation and since installation, few crayfish have been located upstream. We show that exploitation of new environments may lead to trait changes (i.e., reproduction and longevity). We also demonstrate that barriers reduce the spread of invasion at a comparable cost to removal. We hypothesize that increased reservoir elevation inundates springs hydrologically connected to the cave and this may be the invasion source.
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12
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Mouser JB, Mollenhauer R, Brewer SK. Relationships between landscape constraints and a crayfish assemblage with consideration of competitor presence. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Mouser
- Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma
| | - Robert Mollenhauer
- Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma
| | - Shannon K. Brewer
- U.S. Geological Survey; Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma
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13
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Rhoden CM, Peterman WE, Taylor CA. Maxent-directed field surveys identify new populations of narrowly endemic habitat specialists. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3632. [PMID: 28785520 PMCID: PMC5541929 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare or narrowly endemic organisms are difficult to monitor and conserve when their total distribution and habitat preferences are incompletely known. One method employed in determining distributions of these organisms is species distribution modeling (SDM). METHODS Using two species of narrowly endemic burrowing crayfish species as our study organisms, we sought to ground validate Maxent, a commonly used program to conduct SDMs. We used fine scale (30 m) resolution rasters of pertinent habitat variables collected from historical museum records in 2014. We then ground validated the Maxent model in 2015 by randomly and equally sampling the output from the model. RESULTS The Maxent models for both species of crayfish showed positive relationships between predicted relative occurrence rate and crayfish burrow abundance in both a Receiver Operating Characteristic and generalized linear model approach. The ground validation of Maxent led us to new populations and range extensions of both species of crayfish. DISCUSSION We conclude that Maxent is a suitable tool for the discovery of new populations of narrowly endemic, rare habitat specialists and our technique may be used for other rare, endemic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody M. Rhoden
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana—Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States of America
| | - William E. Peterman
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Taylor
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana—Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States of America
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Bland
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Vic. Australia
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
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15
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Howeth JG, Gantz CA, Angermeier PL, Frimpong EA, Hoff MH, Keller RP, Mandrak NE, Marchetti MP, Olden JD, Romagosa CM, Lodge DM. Predicting invasiveness of species in trade: climate match, trophic guild and fecundity influence establishment and impact of non-native freshwater fishes. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G. Howeth
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - Crysta A. Gantz
- Department of Biological Sciences and Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Paul L. Angermeier
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
- U. S. Geological Survey; Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Emmanuel A. Frimpong
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Michael H. Hoff
- Fisheries Program; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Bloomington MN 55437 USA
| | - Reuben P. Keller
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; Chicago IL 60660 USA
| | - Nicholas E. Mandrak
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | | | - Julian D. Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Christina M. Romagosa
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - David M. Lodge
- Department of Biological Sciences and Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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16
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Zeng Y, Chong KY, Grey EK, Lodge DM, Yeo DCJ. Disregarding human pre-introduction selection can confound invasive crayfish risk assessments. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Loughman ZJ, Foltz DA, Welsh SA. Baited Lines: An Active Nondestructive Collection Method for Burrowing Crayfish. SOUTHEAST NAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1656/058.012.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Lodge DM, Deines A, Gherardi F, Yeo DC, Arcella T, Baldridge AK, Barnes MA, Chadderton WL, Feder JL, Gantz CA, Howard GW, Jerde CL, Peters BW, Peters JA, Sargent LW, Turner CR, Wittmann ME, Zeng Y. Global Introductions of Crayfishes: Evaluating the Impact of Species Invasions on Ecosystem Services. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-111511-103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Impacts of nonindigenous crayfishes on ecosystem services exemplify the mixture of positive and negative effects of intentionally introduced species. Global introductions for aquaculture and ornamental purposes have begun to homogenize naturally disjunct global distributions of crayfish families. Negative impacts include the loss of provisioning (e.g., reductions in edible native species, reproductive interference or hybridization with native crayfishes), regulatory (e.g., lethal disease spread, increased costs to agriculture and water management), supporting (e.g., large changes in ecological communities), and cultural (e.g., loss of festivals celebrating native crayfish) services. Where quantification of impacts exists (e.g., Procambarus clarkii and Pacifastacus leniusculus in Europe), regulations now prohibit introduction and spread of crayfishes, indicating that losses of ecosystem services have outweighed gains. Recent research advances such as predicting invasiveness, predicting spread, improved detection and control, and bioeconomic analysis to increase cost-effectiveness of management could be employed to reduce future losses of ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Lodge
- Environmental Change Initiative and
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Andrew Deines
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Francesca Gherardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica “Leo Pardi,” Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50136 Firenze, Italy
| | - Darren C.J. Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tracy Arcella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Ashley K. Baldridge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Matthew A. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | | | - Jeffrey L. Feder
- Environmental Change Initiative and
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Crysta A. Gantz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Geoffrey W. Howard
- Invasive Species Initiative, International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Program, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Christopher L. Jerde
- Environmental Change Initiative and
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | | | - Jody A. Peters
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Lindsey W. Sargent
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Cameron R. Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Marion E. Wittmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Yiwen Zeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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Bromham L, Lanfear R, Cassey P, Gibb G, Cardillo M. Reconstructing past species assemblages reveals the changing patterns and drivers of extinction through time. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:4024-32. [PMID: 22859591 PMCID: PMC3427590 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting future species extinctions from patterns of past extinctions or current threat status relies on the assumption that the taxonomic and biological selectivity of extinction is consistent through time. If the driving forces of extinction change through time, this assumption may be unrealistic. Testing the consistency of extinction patterns between the past and the present has been difficult, because the phylogenetically explicit methods used to model present-day extinction risk typically cannot be applied to the data from the fossil record. However, the detailed historical and fossil records of the New Zealand avifauna provide a unique opportunity to reconstruct a complete, large faunal assemblage for different periods in the past. Using the first complete phylogeny of all known native New Zealand bird species, both extant and extinct, we show how the taxonomic and phylogenetic selectivity of extinction, and biological correlates of extinction, change from the pre-human period through Polynesian and European occupation, to the present. These changes can be explained both by changes in primary threatening processes, and by the operation of extinction filter effects. The variable patterns of extinction through time may confound attempts to identify risk factors that apply across time periods, and to infer future species declines from past extinction patterns and current threat status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindell Bromham
- Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, Division of Ecology Evolution and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
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20
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Grey J, Jackson MC. 'Leaves and eats shoots': direct terrestrial feeding can supplement invasive red swamp crayfish in times of need. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42575. [PMID: 22880039 PMCID: PMC3411828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We used stable isotope analyses to characterise the feeding dynamics of a population of red swamp crayfish in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, after the crash of submerged macrophytes and associated macroinvertebrates, and during a natural draw-down of the lake water level. We expected a heavy reliance upon a diet of detrital matter to sustain the population as a consequence, and indeed, for the majority of the crayfish population caught from the lake, we saw a concomitant shift in isotopic values reflecting a dietary change. However, we also caught individual crayfish that had occupied the footprints of hippopotamus and effectively extended their range beyond the lake up to 40 m into the riparian zone. Isotopic analysis confirmed limited nocturnal observations that these individuals were consuming living terrestrial plants in the vicinity of the footprints. These are the first empirical data to demonstrate direct use of terrestrial resources by an aquatic crayfish species and further highlight the traits that make red swamp crayfish such opportunistic and successful invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Grey
- Department of Physiological Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Limnology, Plön, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
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Chucholl C. Invaders for sale: trade and determinants of introduction of ornamental freshwater crayfish. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Schmidt JP, Stephens PR, Drake JM. Two sides of the same coin? Rare and pest plants native to the United States and Canada. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:1512-1525. [PMID: 22908710 DOI: 10.1890/11-1915.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant biodiversity is at risk, with as many as 10% of native species in the United States being threatened with extinction. Habitat loss has led a growing number of plant species to become rare or threatened, while the introduction or expansion of pest species has led some habitats to be dominated by relatively few, mostly nonindigenous, species. As humans continue to alter many landscapes and vegetation types, understanding how biological traits determine the location of species along a spectrum from vulnerability to pest status is critical to designing risk assessment protocols, setting conservation priorities, and developing monitoring programs. We used boosted regression trees to predict rarity (based on The Nature Conservancy global rankings) and pest status (defined as legal pest status) from data on traits for the native vascular flora of the United States and Canada including Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands (n approximately = 15,000). Categories were moderately to highly predictable (AUCpest = 0.87 on 25% holdout test set, AUCrarity = 0.80 on 25% holdout test set). Key predictors were chromosome number, ploidy, seed mass, and a suite of traits suggestive of specialist vs. generalist adaptations (e.g., facultative wetland habitat association and phenotypic variability in growth form and life history). Specifically, pests were associated with high chromosome numbers, polyploidy, and seed masses ranging from 0.1 to 100 mg, whereas rare species were associated with low chromosome numbers, low ploidy, and large (>1000 mg) seed masses. In addition, pest species were disproportionately likely to be facultatively associated with wetlands, and variable in growth form and life history, whereas rare species exhibited an opposite pattern. These results suggest that rare and pest species contrast along trait axes related to dispersal and performance in disturbed or novel habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Schmidt
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Nunes AL, Richter-Boix A, Laurila A, Rebelo R. Do anuran larvae respond behaviourally to chemical cues from an invasive crayfish predator? A community-wide study. Oecologia 2012; 171:115-27. [PMID: 22707039 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antipredator behaviour is an important fitness component in most animals. A co-evolutionary history between predator and prey is important for prey to respond adaptively to predation threats. When non-native predator species invade new areas, native prey may not recognise them or may lack effective antipredator defences. However, responses to novel predators can be facilitated by chemical cues from the predators' diet. The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is a widespread invasive predator in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, where it preys upon native anuran tadpoles. In a laboratory experiment we studied behavioural antipredator defences (alterations in activity level and spatial avoidance of predator) of nine anurans in response to P. clarkii chemical cues, and compared them with the defences towards a native predator, the larval dragonfly Aeshna sp. To investigate how chemical cues from consumed conspecifics shape the responses, we raised tadpoles with either a tadpole-fed or starved crayfish, or dragonfly larva, or in the absence of a predator. Five species significantly altered their behaviour in the presence of crayfish, and this was largely mediated by chemical cues from consumed conspecifics. In the presence of dragonflies, most species exhibited behavioural defences and often these did not require the presence of cues from predation events. Responding to cues from consumed conspecifics seems to be a critical factor in facilitating certain behavioural responses to novel exotic predators. This finding can be useful for predicting antipredator responses to invasive predators and help directing conservation efforts to the species at highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Cardillo M, Meijaard E. Are comparative studies of extinction risk useful for conservation? Trends Ecol Evol 2011; 27:167-71. [PMID: 22024663 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale, comparative studies of species extinction risk have become common in conservation science, but their influence on conservation practice appears limited. The link between such studies and the practice of conservation breaks down in two key places. First, results of comparative studies are often ambiguous, inconsistent and difficult to translate into policy. Second, conservation as currently practiced emphasizes the rescue and protection of currently threatened biodiversity, whereas comparative studies are often better suited to a proactive approach that anticipates and prevents future species declines. Scientists should make their research more accessible by addressing the first issue. Policymakers and managers, in turn, could make better use of comparative studies by moving towards more preventative approaches to conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Cardillo
- Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Olden JD, Kennard MJ, Lawler JJ, Poff NL. Challenges and opportunities in implementing managed relocation for conservation of freshwater species. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2011; 25:40-7. [PMID: 20666802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapidity of climate change is predicted to exceed the ability of many species to adapt or to disperse to more climatically favorable surroundings. Conservation of these species may require managed relocation (also called assisted migration or assisted colonization) of individuals to locations where the probability of their future persistence may be higher. The history of non-native species throughout the world suggests managed relocation may not be applicable universally. Given the constrained existence of freshwater organisms within highly dendritic networks containing isolated ponds, lakes, and rivers, managed relocation may represent a useful conservation strategy. Yet, these same distinctive properties of freshwater ecosystems may increase the probability of unintended ecological consequences. We explored whether managed relocation is an ecologically sound conservation strategy for freshwater systems and provided guidelines for identifying candidates and localities for managed relocation. A comparison of ecological and life-history traits of freshwater animals associated with high probabilities of extirpation and invasion suggests that it is possible to select species for managed relocation to minimize the likelihood of unintended effects to recipient ecosystems. We recommend that translocations occur within the species' historical range and optimally within the same major river basin and that lacustrine and riverine species be translocated to physically isolated seepage lakes and upstream of natural or artificial barriers, respectively, to lower the risk of secondary spread across the landscape. We provide five core recommendations to enhance the scientific basis of guidelines for managed relocation in freshwater environments: adopt the term managed translocation to reflect the fact that individuals will not always be reintroduced within their historical native range; examine the trade-off between facilitation of individual movement and the probability of range expansion of non-native species; determine which species and locations might be immediately considered for managed translocation; adopt a hypothetico-deductive framework by conducting experimental trials to introduce species of conservation concern into new areas within their historical range; build on previous research associated with species reintroductions through communication and synthesis of case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A.
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