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Gambardella G, Notari S, Criscuolo E, Lai O, Nardoni A, Massoud R, Micheli L, Bocedi A, Ricci G. Quantitation of oxidized and reduced albumin in mammals. An intriguing analytical question. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 757:110038. [PMID: 38750920 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Oxidized albumin is considered a short-term biomarker of oxidative stress and its measurement in blood contributes to evaluate the impact of diseases, drugs, dialytic treatments, physical activity, environmental contaminants etc. on the red-ox balance of humans as well as of other mammalians. Nevertheless, the most common methods for quantifying the oxidized and reduced albumins are costly and time-consuming. Furthermore, there is a dearth of information regarding the proper ways to store human serum or plasma samples in order to prevent inaccurate quantification of these various albumin forms. This paper explores these aspects and proposes a few spectrophotometric assay procedures which make the quantitation of oxidized and reduced albumin very fast, precise and un-expensive in various mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Gambardella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Notari
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Criscuolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Olga Lai
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Lazio e Della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00182, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Nardoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Lazio e Della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00182, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Massoud
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Ricci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Nishikawa T, Shimizu S, Kamiya H, Ueyama J, Yamada S. Association of Redox State of Human Serum Albumin with Severity in Patients with Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2022; 63:1107-1114. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.22-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Nishikawa
- Program in Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinya Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, Japan Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital
| | - Haruo Kamiya
- Department of Cardiology, Japan Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital
| | - Jun Ueyama
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Field of Omics Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School
| | - Sumio Yamada
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Garavaglia ML, Giustarini D, Colombo G, Reggiani F, Finazzi S, Calatroni M, Landoni L, Portinaro NM, Milzani A, Badalamenti S, Rossi R, Dalle-Donne I. Blood Thiol Redox State in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052853. [PMID: 35269995 PMCID: PMC8911004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiols (sulfhydryl groups) are effective antioxidants that can preserve the correct structure of proteins, and can protect cells and tissues from damage induced by oxidative stress. Abnormal levels of thiols have been measured in the blood of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to healthy subjects, as well as in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The levels of protein thiols (a measure of the endogenous antioxidant capacity inversely related to protein oxidation) and S-thiolated proteins (mixed disulphides of protein thiols and low molecular mass thiols), and the protein thiolation index (the molar ratio of the S-thiolated proteins to free protein thiols in plasma) have been investigated in the plasma or red blood cells of CKD and ESRD patients as possible biomarkers of oxidative stress. This type of minimally invasive analysis provides valuable information on the redox status of the less-easily accessible tissues and organs, and of the whole organism. This review provides an overview of reversible modifications in protein thiols in the setting of CKD and renal replacement therapy. The evidence suggests that protein thiols, S-thiolated proteins, and the protein thiolation index are promising biomarkers of reversible oxidative stress that could be included in the routine monitoring of CKD and ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Garavaglia
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Finazzi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Marta Calatroni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Landoni
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicola Marcello Portinaro
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Salvatore Badalamenti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (I.D.-D.)
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The Binding of Aripiprazole to Plasma Proteins in Chronic Renal Failure Patients. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110811. [PMID: 34822595 PMCID: PMC8618023 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of drugs to plasma protein is frequently altered in certain types of renal diseases. We recently reported on the effects of oxidation and uremic toxins on the binding of aripiprazole (ARP) to human serum albumin. In our continuing investigations, we examined the binding of ARP to plasma pooled from patients with chronic renal dysfunction. We examined the issue of the molecular basis for which factors affect the changes in drug binding that accompany renal failure. The study was based on the statistical relationships between ARP albumin binding and biochemical parameters such as the concentrations of oxidized albumin and uremic toxins. The binding of ARP to plasma from chronic renal patients was significantly lower than healthy volunteers. A rational relationship between the ARP binding rate and the concentration of toxins, including indoxyl sulphate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate (PCS), was found, particularly for IS. Moreover, multiple regression analyses that involved taking other parameters such as PCS or oxidized albumin ratio to IS into account supports the above hypothesis. In conclusion, the limited data reported in this present study indicates that monitoring IS in the blood is a very important determinant in the dosage plan for the administration of site II drugs such as ARP, if the efficacy of the drug in renal disease is to be considered.
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Reggiani F, Colombo G, Astori E, Landoni L, Finazzi S, Milzani A, Angelini C, Dalle-Donne I, Cucchiari D. Preliminary experience on the use of sucrosomial iron in hemodialysis: focus on safety, hemoglobin maintenance and oxidative stress. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 54:1145-1153. [PMID: 34510284 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iron is usually administered in hemodialysis patients by parenteral route, as oral absorption is poor due to high hepcidin levels. However, administrations of intravenous iron and iron overload are associated with high oxidative stress and systemic inflammation that can affect patient survival. With this study, we evaluated an alternative type of oral iron for the treatment of anemia in hemodialysis patients. The formulation consists in ferric pyrophosphate covered by phospholipids plus sucrose ester of fatty acid matrix, named sucrosomial iron, whose absorption is not influenced by hepcidin. METHODS Twenty-four (24) patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis switched iron supplementation from intravenous (ferric gluconate 62.5 mg weekly) to oral (sucrosomial iron, 90 mg weekly in 3 administrations of 30 mg) route for 3 months. Classical anemia, iron metabolism, inflammation and nutritional biomarkers were monitored, as well as biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as protein-bound di-tyrosines, protein carbonylation, advanced oxidation protein products and protein thiols. RESULTS Over the 3 months, hemoglobin values remained stable, as the values of hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume. In parallel, other anemia parameters dropped, including ferritin, transferrin saturation and serum iron. On the other side, nutritional biomarkers, such as total proteins and transferrin, increased significantly during the time frame. We also observed a significant decrease in white blood cells as well as a non-significant reduction in C-reactive protein and some oxidative stress biomarkers, such as protein carbonyls and di-tyrosines. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that a therapy with sucrosomial iron in hemodialysis patients is safe and can maintain stable hemoglobin levels in a three-month period with a possible beneficial effect on oxidative stress parameters. However, the reduction of ferritin and transferrin saturation suggests that a weekly dosage of 90 mg is not sufficient in hemodialysis patients in the long time to maintain hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Astori
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Landoni
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Finazzi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Angelini
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - David Cucchiari
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. .,Renal Transplant Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
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Imafuku T, Tanaka M, Tokunaga K, Miyamura S, Kato H, Tanaka S, Nakano T, Hirata K, Kadowaki D, Maeda H, Matsushita K, Otagiri M, Komaba H, Fukagawa M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Effect of Cinacalcet on the Redox Status of Albumin in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Patients Receiving Hemodialysis. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1583-1590. [PMID: 32999168 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cinacalcet is a calcimimetic that permits impaired endothelial functions to be recovered via inhibiting parathyroid hormone (PTH) production in SHPT patients. However, the underlying mechanism for its action remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cinacalcet on the redox state of human serum albumin (HSA), a reliable marker for assessing endothelial oxidative damage in SHPT patients who were receiving hemodialysis. Cinacalcet was administered to six SHPT patients for a period of 8 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment, cinacalcet significantly decreased the oxidized albumin ratio which is a ratio of reduced and oxidized forms of HSA via increasing reduced form of HSA. Moreover, the radical scavenging abilities of HSA that was isolated from SHPT patients were increased by cinacalcet, suggesting the recovery of the impaired vascular anti-oxidant ability. Interestingly, the oxidized albumin ratio in SHPT patients was significantly higher than that in hemodialysis patients. In addition, the changes of intact PTH levels were significantly correlated with the oxidized albumin ratio. It therefore appears that PTH may induce oxidative stress in SHPT patients. In fact, an active analogue of PTH increased the production of reactive oxygen species in human endothelial cells. Thus, cinacalcet exhibits anti-oxidative activity through its pharmacological action. Additionally, cinacalcet itself showed radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, cinacalcet improves the redox status of HSA by inhibiting PTH production and partially by its radical scavenging action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Koki Tokunaga
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Hiromasa Kato
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shoma Tanaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Takehiro Nakano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | | | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | | | - Hirotaka Komaba
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Masafumi Fukagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Figueroa SM, Araos P, Reyes J, Gravez B, Barrera-Chimal J, Amador CA. Oxidized Albumin as a Mediator of Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030404. [PMID: 33800425 PMCID: PMC8000637 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal diseases are a global health concern, and nearly 24% of kidney disease patients are overweight or obese. Particularly, increased body mass index has been correlated with oxidative stress and urinary albumin excretion in kidney disease patients, also contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. Albumin is the main plasma protein and is able to partially cross the glomerular filtration barrier, being reabsorbed mainly by the proximal tubule through different mechanisms. However, it has been demonstrated that albumin suffers different posttranslational modifications, including oxidation, which appears to be tightly linked to kidney damage progression and is increased in obese patients. Plasma-oxidized albumin levels correlate with a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate and an increase in blood urea nitrogen in patients with chronic kidney disease. Moreover, oxidized albumin in kidney disease patients is independently correlated with higher plasma levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. In addition, oxidized albumin exerts a direct effect on neutrophils by augmenting the levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, a well-accepted biomarker for renal damage in patients and in different experimental settings. Moreover, it has been suggested that albumin oxidation occurs at early stages of chronic kidney disease, accelerating the patient requirements for dialytic treatment during disease progression. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of overweight- and obesity-induced oxidative stress as a critical factor for the progression of renal disease and cardiovascular morbimortality through albumin oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanny M. Figueroa
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (S.M.F.); (P.A.); (J.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Patricio Araos
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (S.M.F.); (P.A.); (J.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Javier Reyes
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (S.M.F.); (P.A.); (J.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Basile Gravez
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (S.M.F.); (P.A.); (J.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Jonatan Barrera-Chimal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular y Trasplante Renal, Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Cristián A. Amador
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (S.M.F.); (P.A.); (J.R.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-22-303-6662
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8
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Plasma Protein Carbonyls as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2975256. [PMID: 33299524 PMCID: PMC7707964 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2975256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression; during renal replacement therapy, oxidative stress-derived oxidative damage also contributes to the development of CKD systemic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation, anaemia, and impaired host defence. The main mechanism underlying these events is the retention of uremic toxins, which act as a substrate for oxidative processes and elicit the activation of inflammatory pathways targeting endothelial and immune cells. Due to the growing worldwide spread of CKD, there is an overwhelming need to find oxidative damage biomarkers that are easy to measure in biological fluids of subjects with CKD and patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation), in order to overcome limitations of invasive monitoring of CKD progression. Several studies investigated biomarkers of protein oxidative damage in CKD, including plasma protein carbonyls (PCO), the most frequently used biomarker of protein damage. This review provides an up-to-date overview on advances concerning the correlation between plasma protein carbonylation in CKD progression (from stage 1 to stage 5) and the possibility that haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation improve plasma PCO levels. Despite the fact that the role of plasma PCO in CKD is often underestimated in clinical practice, emerging evidence highlights that plasma PCO can serve as good biomarkers of oxidative stress in CKD and substitutive therapies. Whether plasma PCO levels merely serve as biomarkers of CKD-related oxidative stress or whether they are associated with the pathogenesis of CKD complications deserves further evaluation.
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Leboffe L, di Masi A, Polticelli F, Trezza V, Ascenzi P. Structural Basis of Drug Recognition by Human Serum Albumin. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4907-4931. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190320105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma,
is a monomeric multi-domain macromolecule with at least nine binding sites for endogenous
and exogenous ligands. HSA displays an extraordinary ligand binding capacity as a depot and
carrier for many compounds including most acidic drugs. Consequently, HSA has the potential
to influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs.
Objective:
In this review, the structural determinants of drug binding to the multiple sites of
HSA are analyzed and discussed in detail. Moreover, insight into the allosteric and competitive
mechanisms underpinning drug recognition, delivery, and efficacy are analyzed and discussed.
Conclusion:
As several factors can modulate drug binding to HSA (e.g., concurrent administration
of drugs competing for the same binding site, ligand binding to allosteric-coupled
clefts, genetic inherited diseases, and post-translational modifications), ligand binding to HSA
is relevant not only under physiological conditions, but also in the pharmacological therapy
management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Leboffe
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I- 00146 Roma, Italy
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10
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Effects of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model rats and their gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:659-666. [PMID: 32698063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with increased cardiovascular and liver-related mortality. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP5/Dmcr) that are fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet develop hepatic lesions that are similar to those observed in human NASH pathology. We investigated the hepatic protective and antioxidant effects of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers (SDACNFs) that were administered to SHRSP5/Dmcr rats for 8 weeks. The administration of SDACNFs (80 mg/kg/day) resulted in a significant decrease in hepatic injury, oxidative stress, compared with the non-treatment. The SDACNFs also caused a reduction in the population of harmful members of the Morganella and Prevotella genus, and increased the abundance of the Blautia genus, a useful bacterium in gut microbiota. We therefore conclude that SDACNF exerts anti-hepatic and antioxidative effects not only by adsorbing lipid substances but also by reforming the community of intestinal microflora in the intestinal tract.
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11
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Tanaka R, Imafuku T, Suzuki Y, Nishida K, Matsusaka K, Shin T, Sato Y, Ishima Y, Watanabe H, Mimata H, Maruyama T, Itoh H. Changes in redox state of albumin before and after kidney transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease. Clin Biochem 2020; 81:20-26. [PMID: 32380091 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death in patients with end-stage kidney disease who have undergone kidney transplantation. Since the complication of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease is strongly linked to oxidative stress, understanding the oxidative stress condition after kidney transplantation would be of great importance for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. This study examined whether improvement of renal function after kidney transplantation has an impact on the redox state of the Cys34 residue of albumin that reflects the level of oxidative stress in blood. DESIGN & METHODS We enrolled 23 patients with end-stage renal failure who received kidney transplantation. All patients were followed for 180 days after transplantation. The fractions of albumin isoforms were determined by the electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOFMS) method. RESULTS Serum creatinine decreased significantly immediately after kidney transplantation, suggesting successful transplantations. The ESI-TOFMS method identified three albumin isoforms cysteinylated at the Cys34 residue (Cys-Cys34-albumin) and the three corresponding albumin isoforms without Cys34 cysteinylation. The fraction of total Cys-Cys34-albumin decreased transiently after kidney transplantation, and was followed by an elevation at day 7 and gradual decrease thereafter until day 180. Meanwhile, reduced albumin concentration did not change until day 14 after kidney transplantation, then showed a significant increase compared to pre-transplant level at day 30 and remained stably elevated until day 180. CONCLUSIONS Actual reduced albumin levels were found to exceed pre-transplant levels on or after day 30 following kidney transplantation unlike immediate restoration of renal function. Renal function was recovered immediately following kidney transplantation, but reduced albumen concentration increased above the pre-transplant levels only from day 30 after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Yufu-shi, Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Yufu-shi, Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kento Nishida
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsusaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yuhki Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Yufu-shi, Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroki Itoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Yufu-shi, Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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12
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Lim ZX, Duong MN, Boyatzis AE, Golden E, Vrielink A, Fournier PA, Arthur PG. Oxidation of cysteine 34 of plasma albumin as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:91-103. [PMID: 31903812 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1708347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In order to better understand the physiological and pathophysiological roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), multiple blood and urine biomarkers of oxidative stress have been developed. The single free thiol (Cys34) in plasma albumin is a useful biomarker of oxidative stress because thiol groups are particularly sensitive to oxidation by ROS. The primary aim of this study was to develop a gel electrophoresis-based method (mPEG assay) that would be more widely accessible than existing chromatography techniques to assay the oxidation state of albumin Cys34.Method: Blood samples were collected into a solution containing polyethylene glycol maleimide (malpeg). Plasma samples were divided into two aliquots, with a reducing agent added to one aliquot. Albumin bound to malpeg was separated from albumin by gel electrophoresis. The proportion of albumin in reduced form (-SH), disulphide form (-SSX) and irreversibly oxidised form (-SO2, -SO3) could then be calculated.Results: Data for the mPEG assay was comparable to data from chromatographic and mass spectrometric assays. The mPEG assay was more sensitive than the albumin carbonyl assay for the detection of changes in albumin oxidation level in response to exposure to hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorous acid. This assay could also be performed on small blood samples (less than 10 µL) from fingerprick, thus facilitating longitudinal tracking of changes in albumin Cys34 oxidation level.Conclusion: The mPEG assay is a user-friendly, highly sensitive, specific, cost-effective gel electrophoresis-based method for the assay of the oxidations state of albumin Cys34 as a biomarker of oxidative stress.HighlightsProtein thiol groups are sensitive to oxidation by reactive oxygen species.Plasma albumin contains a reduced cysteine residue (Cys34) sensitive to oxidation.A novel gel electrophoresis-based method (mPEG) has been developed to measure the oxidation state of Cys34.The mPEG assay can be run on a drop of blood collected by fingerprick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Xiang Lim
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, Sports Science, Exercise and Health, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Marisa N Duong
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Amber E Boyatzis
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Emily Golden
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Alice Vrielink
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Paul A Fournier
- School of Human Sciences, Sports Science, Exercise and Health, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Non-mercaptalbumin, Oxidized Form of Serum Albumin, Significantly Associated with Renal Function and Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16796. [PMID: 30429539 PMCID: PMC6235854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in development of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Human mercaptalbumin (HMA), a reduced form of serum albumin, and non-mercaptalbumin (HNA), an oxidized form of serum albumin, are known as indicators for evaluating oxidative stress in systemic circulation, including end-stage renal disease cases. We investigated factors associated with fraction of HNA [f(HNA)] in 112 pre-dialysis CKD patients (63.6 ± 14.0 years old; 59 males, 53 females) using a newly established anion-exchange column packed with hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol gel as well as high performance liquid chromatography. Mean f(HNA) in our CKD patients was 30.0 ± 6.1%, higher than that previously reported for healthy subjects. In multiple regression analysis, age (β = 0.200, p = 0.014), eGFR (β = −0.238, p = 0.009), hemoglobin (β = −0.346, p < 0.001), and ferritin (β = 0.200, p = 0.019) were significantly and independently associated with f(HNA) (R2 = 0.356, p < 0.001). In addition, factors related to CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), including intact-PTH (β = 0.218, p = 0.049) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) (β = −0.178, p = 0.040), were significantly and independently associated with serum f(HNA) (R2 = 0.339, p < 0.001), whereas fibroblast growth factor-23 was not. These findings indicate the importance of management of hemoglobin and ferritin levels, as well as appropriate control of CKD-MBD factors for a better redox state of serum albumin in CKD patients.
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Nasif WA, Mukhtar MH, El-Emshaty HM, Alwazna AH. Redox State of Human Serum Albumin and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Hemodialysis Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism During Oral Calcitriol Supplementation for Vitamin D. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2018; 12:98-110. [PMID: 30450134 PMCID: PMC6198414 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501812010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients with secondary Hyperparathyroidism (s-HPT) are exposed to increased inflammation and oxidative stress. In HD patients, oxidized albumin is a reliable marker of oxidative stress and its clinical significance has been rarely studied. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate Cys34 Human Serum Albumin (HSA) as oxidative stress biomarker in HD patients with s-HPT and its relationship with inflammation on bone turnover markers during oral calcitriol supplementation for vitamin D. Patients and Methods: Fifteen stable hemodialysis patients with s-HPT (mean age 48.67±8.15, 11 males and 4 females) were used in the experiment to receive calcitriol treatment for 16 weeks (0.25mcg or 0.5 mcg once a day according to serum level of Ca and P for each). The changes in the serum biochemical parameters (Ca, P, ALP, and iPTH), inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-6 levels) and serum oxidative stress condition (SOD, IS and albumin ratio HNA/HMA) were evaluated before and at 8 and 16 weeks of calcitriol treatment. The correlations between those factors were studied. Results: All patients responded to oral calcitriol therapy, with a significant decrease in the serum iPTH. The results showed that calcitriol could effectively suppress iPTH secretion with a significant elevation of serum Ca and P but ALP remained unchanged during the study. It can also effectively reduce the inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-6), while increasing the oxidative markers (SOD and IS). Oxidative albumin ratio HNA/HMA showed a significant (p=0.001) reduction after 16 weeks of calcitriol treatment and the redox state of HSA showed a positive prediction for hyperparathyroidism and for inflammation. Conclusion: The redox state of HSA could be used as a predictor for monitoring hyperparathyroidism and inflammation during calcitriol treatment by retarding albumin oxidation in HD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam A Nasif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Mukhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda M El-Emshaty
- Research Laboratories, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Alwazna
- Consultant Nephrologist, Nephrology Unit, Al-Rahma Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Yamasaki K, Nishi K, Anraku M, Taguchi K, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Metal-catalyzed oxidation of human serum albumin does not alter the interactive binding to the two principal drug binding sites. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:155-160. [PMID: 29872747 PMCID: PMC5986994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that various physiological factors such as pH, endogenous substances or post-translational modifications can affect the conformational state of human serum albumin (HSA). In a previous study, we reported that both pH- and long chain fatty acid-induced conformational changes can alter the interactive binding of ligands to the two principal binding sites of HSA, namely, site I and site II. In the present study, the effect of metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) caused by ascorbate/oxygen/trace metals on HSA structure and the interactive binding between dansyl-L-asparagine (DNSA; a site I ligand) and ibuprofen (a site II ligand) at pH 6.5 was investigated. MCO was accompanied by a time-dependent increase in carbonyl content in HSA, suggesting that the HSA was being oxidized. In addition, The MCO of HSA was accompanied by a change in net charge to a more negative charge and a decrease in thermal stability. SDS-PAGE patterns and α-helical contents of the oxidized HSAs were similar to those of native HSA, indicating that the HSA had not been extensively structurally modified by MCO. MCO also caused a selective decrease in ibuprofen binding. In spite of the changes in the HSA structure and ligand that bind to site II, no change in the interactive binding between DNSA and ibuprofen was observed. These data indicated that amino acid residues in site II are preferentially oxidized by MCO, whereas the spatial relationship between sites I and II (e.g. the distance between sites), the flexibility or space of each binding site are not altered. The present findings provide insights into the structural characteristics of oxidized HSA, and drug binding and drug-drug interactions on oxidized HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Koji Nishi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5–1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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16
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García-Fernández J, Bettmer J, Jakubowski N, Panne U, Añón E, Montes-Bayón M, Sanz-Medel A. The fate of iron nanoparticles used for treatment of iron deficiency in blood using mass-spectrometry based strategies. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Watanabe H, Imafuku T, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Clinical Implications Associated With the Posttranslational Modification-Induced Functional Impairment of Albumin in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2195-2203. [PMID: 28302542 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent research findings indicate that the posttranslational modification of human serum albumin (HSA) such as oxidation, glycation, truncation, dimerization, and carbamylation is related to certain types of diseases. We report herein on a simple and rapid analytical method, using an electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique, that allows posttranslational modifications of HSA to be quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated with a high degree of sensitivity. In patients with chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, and diabetes mellitus, an increase in the level of oxidized cysteine-34 (Cys-34) of HSA accompanied by a decrease in the level of reduced Cys-34 was observed. The redox status of Cys-34 was correlated with ligand binding and the antioxidative functions of HSA. Available evidence indicates that monitoring the redox state of Cys-34 not only could be a useful marker for evaluating the progression of disease and its complications but also would permit therapeutic efficacy to be predicted. The redox state of Cys-34 was also used as an index of the quality of HSA preparations. These data suggest that monitoring the posttranslational modifications of HSA can be important, because the function of HSA is related not only to its serum concentration but also to the preservation of its structural integrity under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0822, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0822, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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18
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Tanaka M, Miyamura S, Imafuku T, Tominaga Y, Maeda H, Anraku M, Yamasaki K, Kadowaki D, Ishima Y, Watanabe H, Okuda T, Itoh K, Matsushita K, Fukagawa M, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Effect of a Ferric Citrate Formulation, a Phosphate Binder, on Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Diseases-Mineral and Bone Disorder Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Pilot Study. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:1000-6. [PMID: 27251502 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A ferric citrate formulation for treating hyperphosphatemia is a new therapeutic that not only suppresses the accumulation of phosphorus in patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBD), but also ameliorates anemia caused by iron deficiency. In contrast, it has been demonstrated that intravenous iron injection markedly increases oxidative stress. This study was designed to investigate the effect of a ferric citrate formulation on oxidative stress in CKD-MBD patients receiving hemodialysis therapy. Fifteen CKD-MBD patients undergoing dialysis were enrolled in this study. The patients were orally administered a ferric citrate formulation for 6 months. Their plasma phosphorus concentrations remained unchanged with the switch from other phosphorus adsorbents to the ferric citrate formulation. In addition, the ferric citrate formulation generally allowed for dose reduction of an erythropoiesis stimulating agent with an increased hematopoietic effect. The average values of plasma ferritin level increased after the introduction of a ferric citrate formulation, but did not exceed 100 (ng/mL). Interestingly, oxidative stress markers did not increase significantly, and anti-oxidative capacity was not significantly decreased at 6 months after the drug administration. Similarly, no change was observed in any inflammation markers. The ferric citrate formulation induces negligible oxidative stress in CKD-MBD patients receiving dialysis under the present clinical condition.
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19
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Sawa J, Inaba M, Noguchi K, Nakagawa C, Kuwamura M, Kuwamura Y, Wada N, Kitatani K, Kawaguchi Y, Kumeda Y. Effects of darbepoetin alfa and epoetin beta pegol on iron kinetics in hemodialysis patients. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-016-0037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Shibata A, Ishima Y, Ikeda M, Sato H, Imafuku T, Chuang V, Ouchi Y, Abe T, Watanabe H, Ishida T, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Human serum albumin hydropersulfide is a potent reactive oxygen species scavenger in oxidative stress conditions such as chronic kidney disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:578-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Systemic Redox Imbalance in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8598253. [PMID: 27563376 PMCID: PMC4987477 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8598253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience imbalance between oxygen reactive species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses leading to cell and tissue damage. However, it remains unclear at which stage of renal insufficiency the redox imbalance becomes more profound. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of how the redox status changes in the progression of renal disease from predialysis stages 1 to 4 to end stage 5 and whether the various treatments and dialysis modalities influence the redox balance. A systematic review was conducted searching PubMed and Scopus by using the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. In total, thirty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Even from an early stage, imbalance in redox status is evident and as the kidney function worsens it becomes more profound. Hemodialysis therapy per se seems to negatively influence the redox status by the elevation of lipid peroxidation markers, protein carbonylation, and impairing erythrocyte antioxidant defense. However, other dialysis modalities do not so far appear to confer advantages. Supplementation with antioxidants might assist and should be considered as an early intervention to halt premature atherogenesis development at an early stage of CKD.
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22
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Kouno Y, Anraku M, Yamasaki K, Okayama Y, Iohara D, Nakamura H, Maruyama T, Hirayama F, Kragh-Hansen U, Otagiri M. N-acetyl-L-methionine is a superior protectant of human serum albumin against post-translational oxidation as compared to N-acetyl-L-tryptophan. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:266-274. [PMID: 28955884 PMCID: PMC5600351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium octanoate and N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (N-AcTrp) are widely used as stabilizers during pasteurization and storage of albumin products. However, as compared with N-AcTrp, N-acetyl-L-methionine (N-AcMet) is superior in protecting albumin exposed to light during storage. Here, we examine, whether N-AcMet also is better than N-AcTrp to protect albumin against oxidation. Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) without and with N-AcMet or N-AcTrp was oxidized by using chloramine-T (CT) as a model compound for mimicking oxidative stress. Oxidation of rHSA was examined by determining carbonyl groups and advanced oxidation protein products. Structural changes were studied by native-PAGE, circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence and differential scanning calorimetry. The anti-oxidant capacity of CT-treated rHSA was quantified by its ability to scavenge peroxynitrite and the hydroxyl radical. The pharmacokinetics of indocyanine green-labeled albumin preparations was studied in male mice. We found that the number of chemical modifications and the structural changes of rHSA were significantly smaller in the presence of N-AcMet than in the presence of N-AcTrp. The anti-oxidant properties of CT-exposed rHSA were best protected by adding N-AcMet. Finally, N-AcMet is superior in preserving the normal pharmacokinetics of rHSA. Thus, N-AcMet is superior to N-AcTrp in protecting albumin preparations against oxidation. In addition, N-AcMet is probable also useful for protecting other proteins. Therefore, N-AcMet should be useful as a new and effective stabilizer and antioxidant for albumin isolated from blood, rHSA, albumin-fusion proteins and for preparations of rHSA-therapeutic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Kouno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- Pharma Daiwa Yuge Pharmacy, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hedeaki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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di Masi A, Trezza V, Leboffe L, Ascenzi P. Human plasma lipocalins and serum albumin: Plasma alternative carriers? J Control Release 2016; 228:191-205. [PMID: 26951925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalins are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins that bind and transport a variety of exogenous and endogenous ligands. Lipocalins share a conserved eight anti-parallel β-sheet structure. Among the different lipocalins identified in humans, α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), apolipoprotein D (apoD), apolipoprotein M (apoM), α1-microglobulin (α1-m) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) are plasma proteins. In particular, AGP is the most important transporter for basic and neutral drugs, apoD, apoM, and RBP mainly bind endogenous molecules such as progesterone, pregnenolone, bilirubin, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and retinol, while α1-m binds the heme. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a monomeric all-α protein that binds endogenous and exogenous molecules like fatty acids, heme, and acidic drugs. Changes in the plasmatic levels of lipocalins and HSA are responsible for the onset of pathological conditions associated with an altered drug transport and delivery. This, however, does not necessary result in potential adverse effects in patients because many drugs can bind both HSA and lipocalins, and therefore mutual compensatory binding mechanisms can be hypothesized. Here, molecular and clinical aspects of ligand transport by plasma lipocalins and HSA are reviewed, with special attention to their role as alterative carriers in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, I-00136 Roma, Italy.
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Loris Leboffe
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, I-00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, I-00136 Roma, Italy; Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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Yamamoto S, Kazama JJ, Omori K, Matsuo K, Takahashi Y, Kawamura K, Matsuto T, Watanabe H, Maruyama T, Narita I. Continuous Reduction of Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins with Improved Oxidative Stress by Using the Oral Charcoal Adsorbent AST-120 in Haemodialysis Patients. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14381. [PMID: 26395517 PMCID: PMC4585768 DOI: 10.1038/srep14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of protein-bound uraemic toxins (PBUTs) is one of the reasons for the development of uraemia-related complications including cardiovascular disease; however, conventional haemodialysis is limited in its ability to remove PBUTs. We aimed to examine whether the oral charcoal adsorbent AST-120 has an additive effect on PBUT removal in haemodialysis patients. During the 4-week study, anuric patients undergoing haemodialysis received AST-120 (6 g/day) in the last 2 weeks (n = 10) or the first 2 weeks (n = 10). Serum levels of total and free PBUTs such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and phenyl sulfate at the pre- and postdialysis sessions were measured before and after AST-120 use and after discontinuation. Levels of the oxidative stress markers oxidized albumin and 8-isoprostane were also measured. AST-120 use induced dramatic reduction of indoxyl sulfate (total, 45.7% [33.2–50.5%]; free, 70.4% [44.8–79.8%]), p-cresyl sulfate (total, 31.1% [25.0–48.0%]; free, 63.5% [49.3–70.9%]), and phenyl sulfate (free, 50.6% [32.3–71.2%]) levels; however, this effect disappeared after the discontinuation of AST-120. AST-120 use also induced substantial reduction of the oxidized albumin and 8-isoprostane levels. In conclusion, oral administration of AST-120 had additive effects on the continuous reduction of some PBUTs in anuric patients undergoing haemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yamamoto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Junichiro J Kazama
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.,Division of Blood Purification Therapy, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | | | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kawamura
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsuto
- Division of Clinical Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Armaly Z, Abd El Qader A, Jabbour A, Hassan K, Ramadan R, Bowirrat A, Bisharat B. Effects of carnitine on oxidative stress response to intravenous iron administration to patients with CKD: impact of haptoglobin phenotype. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:135. [PMID: 26268514 PMCID: PMC4535251 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is a common disorder in CKD patients. It is largely attributed to decreased erythropoietin (EPO) production and iron deficiency. Therefore, besides EPO, therapy includes iron replenishment. However, the latter induces oxidative stress. Haptoglobin (Hp) protein is the main line of defense against the oxidative effects of Hemoglobin/Iron. There are 3 genotypes: 1-1, 2-1 and 2-2. Hp 2-2 protein is inferior to Hp 1-1 as antioxidant. So far, there is no evidence whether haptoglobin phenotype affects iron-induced oxidative stress in CKD patients. Therefore, the present study examines the influence of carnitine treatment on the intravenous iron administration (IVIR)-induced oxidative stress in CKD patients, and whether Hp phenotype affects this response. METHODS TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN5700858. This study included 26 anemic (Hb = 10.23 ± 0.28) CKD patients (stages 3-4) that were given a weekly IVIR (Sodium ferric gluconate, [125 mg/100 ml] for 8 weeks, and during weeks 5-8 also received Carnitine (20 mg/kg, IV) prior to IVIR. Weekly blood samples were drawn before and after each IVIR for Hp phenotype, C-reactive protein (CRP), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), besides complete blood count and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Eight percent of CKD patients were Hp1-1, 19 % Hp2-1, and 73 % Hp2-2. IVIR for 4 weeks did not increase hemoglobin levels, yet worsened the oxidative burden as was evident by elevated plasma levels of AOPP. The highest increase in AOPP was observed in Hp2-2 patients. Simultaneous administration of Carnitine with IVIR abolished the IVIR-induced oxidative stress as evident by preventing the elevations in AOPP and NGAL, preferentially in patients with Hp2-2 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Hp2-2 is a significant risk factor for IVIR-induced oxidative stress in CKD patients. Our finding, that co-administration of Carnitine with IVIR preferentially attenuates the adverse consequences of IVIR, suggests a role for Carnitine therapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Armaly
- Department of Nephrology, Nazareth Hospital-EMMS, Nazareth, 16100, Israel. .,Galilee Faculty of Medicine - Bar Ilan University, Zafed, Israel.
| | - Amir Abd El Qader
- Department of Nephrology, Nazareth Hospital-EMMS, Nazareth, 16100, Israel. .,Galilee Faculty of Medicine - Bar Ilan University, Zafed, Israel.
| | - Adel Jabbour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nazareth Hospital-EMMS, Nazareth, Israel. .,Galilee Faculty of Medicine - Bar Ilan University, Zafed, Israel.
| | - Kamal Hassan
- Department of Nephrology, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel.
| | - Rawi Ramadan
- Department of Nephrology, Rambam Health Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Nephrology, Nazareth Hospital-EMMS, Nazareth, 16100, Israel. .,Galilee Faculty of Medicine - Bar Ilan University, Zafed, Israel.
| | - Bishara Bisharat
- Department of Nephrology, Nazareth Hospital-EMMS, Nazareth, 16100, Israel. .,Galilee Faculty of Medicine - Bar Ilan University, Zafed, Israel.
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Kim I, Choi JS, Lee S, Byeon HJ, Lee ES, Shin BS, Choi HG, Lee KC, Youn YS. In situ facile-forming PEG cross-linked albumin hydrogels loaded with an apoptotic TRAIL protein. J Control Release 2015; 214:30-9. [PMID: 26188152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The key to making a practicable hydrogel for pharmaceutical or medical purposes is to endow it with relevant properties, i.e., facile fabrication, gelation time-controllability, and in situ injectability given a firm basis for safety/biocompatibility. Here, the authors describe an in situ gelling, injectable, albumin-cross-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel that was produced using a thiol-maleimide reaction. This hydrogel consists of two biocompatible components, namely, thiolated human serum albumin and 4-arm PEG20k-maleimide, and can be easily fabricated and gelled in situ within 60s by simply mixing its two components. In addition, the gelation time of this system is controllable in the range 15s to 5min. This hydrogel hardly interacted with an apoptotic TRAIL protein, ensuring suitable release profiles that maximize therapeutic efficacy. Specifically, tumors (volume: 278.8mm(3)) in Mia Paca-2 cell-xenografted BALB/c nu/nu mice treated with the TRAIL-loaded HSA-PEG hydrogel were markedly smaller than mice treated with the hydrogel prepared via an amine-N-hydroxysuccinimide reaction or non-treated mice (1275.5mm(3) and 1816.5mm(3), respectively). We believe that this hydrogel would be a new prototype of locally injectable sustained-release type anti-cancer agents, and furthermore offers practical convenience for a doctor and universal applicability for a variety of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insoo Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Byeon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok 2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, 330 Geumrak 1-ri, Hayang Eup, Gyeongsan si, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Choon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Anraku M, Iohara D, Wada K, Taguchi K, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Uekama K, Hirayama F. Antioxidant and renoprotective activity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in nephrectomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:608-14. [PMID: 26058311 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study, the effect of cyclodextrins (CDs) on oxidative stress and CRF was investigated using 5/6 nephrectomized rats as model animals. METHODS CRF model rats were divided into five groups and treated for 8 weeks as follows: control, α-CD, β-CD, γ-CD and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD). Blood was collected from the rats after 4 and 8 weeks for an analysis of renal function and oxidative stress tests were carried out. KEY FINDINGS An oral administration of HP-β-CD over an 8-week period resulted in a significant decrease in serum indoxyl sulphate, creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, compared with the other CDs. The ingestion of HP-β-CD also resulted in an increase in antioxidant potential, compared with the other CDs. In in vitro studies, the interaction of HP-β-CD with a uremic toxin, indole molecule, was much higher than that for the other CDs, as evidenced by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1) H NMR) measurements. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the ingestion of HP-β-CD might result in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants in the gastrointestinal tract, such as uremic toxins, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koki Wada
- Fine Chemicals Department, Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kaneto Uekama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
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28
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Abstract
The practice of intravenous iron supplementation has grown as nephrologists have gradually moved away from the liberal use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents as the main treatment for the anemia of CKD. This approach, together with the introduction of large-dose iron preparations, raises the future specter of inadvertent iatrogenic iron toxicity. Concerns have been raised in original studies and reviews about cardiac complications and severe infections that result from long-term intravenous iron supplementation. Regarding the iron preparations specifically, even though all the currently available preparations appear to be relatively safe in the short term, little is known regarding their long-term safety. In this review we summarize current knowledge of iron metabolism with an emphasis on the sources and potentially harmful effects of labile iron, highlight the approaches to identifying labile iron in pharmaceutical preparations and body fluids and its potential toxic role as a pathogenic factor in the complications of CKD, and propose methods for its early detection in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzchak Slotki
- Division of Adult Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hadassah Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; and
| | - Zvi Ioav Cabantchik
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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29
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Anraku M. [Elucidation of the mechanism responsible for the oxidation of serum albumin and its application in treating oxidative stress-related diseases]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 134:973-9. [PMID: 25174368 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage results in protein modification and is observed in numerous diseases. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in the plasma, exerts important antioxidant activities to prevent oxidative damage. This paper focuses on the characterization of chemical changes in HSA that are induced by oxidative damage, their relevance to human pathology, and the most recent advances in clinical applications. The antioxidant properties of HSA are largely dependent on Cys-34 and its contribution to the maintenance of intravascular homeostasis, including protecting the vascular endothelium under conditions related to oxidative stress. Recent studies have also evaluated the susceptibility of other important amino acid residues to exposure to free radicals. The findings suggest that a redox change in HSA is related to the oxidation of several amino acid residues by different oxidants. On the other hand, the ratio of the oxidized form to the normal form of albumin (HMA/HNA), which is a function of the redox states of Cys-34, could serve as a useful marker for evaluating systemic redox states, which would be useful for the evaluation of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. This review provides new insights into our current understanding of the mechanism of HSA oxidation, based on in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University
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30
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Barshishat-Kupper M, Tipton AJ, McCart EA, McCue J, Mueller GP, Day RM. Effect of ionizing radiation on liver protein oxidation and metabolic function in C57BL/6J mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:1169-78. [PMID: 24899392 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.930536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein oxidation in response to radiation results in DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response, cell cycle arrest, cell death and senescence. The liver, a relatively radiosensitive organ, undergoes measurable alterations in metabolic functions following irradiation. Accordingly, we investigated radiation-induced changes in liver metabolism and alterations in protein oxidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were sham irradiated or exposed to 8.5 Gy (60)Co (0.6 Gy/min) total body irradiation. Metabolites and metabolic enzymes in the blood and liver tissue were analyzed. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and OxyBlot™ were used to detect carbonylated proteins that were then identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. RESULTS Analysis of serum metabolites revealed elevated glucose, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high-density lipoprotein, and aspartate aminotransferase within 24-72 h post irradiation. Liver tissue LDH and alkaline phosphatase activities were elevated 24-72 h post irradiation. OxyBlotting revealed that the hepatic proteome contains baseline protein carbonylation. Radiation exposure increased carbonylation of specific liver proteins including carbonic anhydrase 1, α-enolase, and regucalcin. CONCLUSIONS 8.5 Gy irradiation resulted in distinct metabolic alterations in hepatic functions. Coincident with these changes, radiation induced the carbonylation of specific liver enzymes. The oxidation of liver enzymes may underlie some radiation-induced alterations in hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Barshishat-Kupper
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
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31
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Anraku M, Tanaka M, Hiraga A, Nagumo K, Imafuku T, Maezaki Y, Iohara D, Uekama K, Watanabe H, Hirayama F, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Effects of chitosan on oxidative stress and related factors in hemodialysis patients. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:152-7. [PMID: 25129729 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent world-wide studies, chitosans were tested as a dietary supplement for inhibiting the absorption of certain lipids and bile acids. We previously demonstrated the antioxidative and renoprotective potential of chitosan supplementation in chronic renal failure using 5/6 nephrectomized rats. In this study, we report the effects of chitosan on oxidative stress and related factors in hemodialysis patients. The ingestion of chitosan over a 12-week period resulted in a significant decrease in serum indoxyl sulfate and phosphate levels, compared with the levels prior to the start of the study. The ingestion of chitosan also resulted in a lowered ratio of oxidized to reduced albumin and a decrease in the level of advanced oxidized protein products. In in vitro studies, chitosan solutions were found to bind 38.5% of the indoxyl sulfate and 17.8% of the phosphate, respectively. Further, the oxidized albumin ratio was correlated with serum indoxyl sulfate levels in vivo. These results suggest that the ingestion of chitosan results in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants, which include uremic toxins, in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation. In addition, the long-term ingestion of chitosan has the potential for use in treating hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Motoko Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Akebono Clinic, 5-1-1 Shirafuji-machi, Kumamoto 861-4112, Japan
| | - Ayumu Hiraga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kohei Nagumo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuji Maezaki
- Nippon Kayaku Food Techno Co., Ltd., Gunma 370-1208, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kaneto Uekama
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
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Kouno Y, Anraku M, Yamasaki K, Okayama Y, Iohara D, Ishima Y, Maruyama T, Kragh-Hansen U, Hirayama F, Otagiri M. N-acetyl-l-methionine is a superior protectant of human serum albumin against photo-oxidation and reactive oxygen species compared to N-acetyl-L-tryptophan. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2806-12. [PMID: 24769178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium octanoate (Oct) and N-acetyl-l-tryptophan (N-AcTrp) are widely used as stabilizers during pasteurization and storage of albumin products. However, exposure to light photo-degrades N-AcTrp with the formation of potentially toxic compounds. Therefore, we have examined the usefulness of N-acetyl-l-methionine (N-AcMet) in comparison with N-AcTrp for long-term stability, including photo stability, of albumin products. METHODS Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) with and without additives was photo-irradiated for 4weeks. The capability of the different stabilizers to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined by ESR spectrometry. Carbonyl contents were assessed by a spectrophotometric method using fluoresceinamine and Western blotting, whereas the structure of rHSA was examined by SDS-PAGE, far-UV circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry. Binding was determined by ultrafiltration. RESULTS N-AcMet was found to be a superior ROS scavenger both before and after photo-irradiation. The number of carbonyl groups formed was lowest in the presence of N-AcMet. According to SDS-PAGE, N-AcMet stabilizes the monomeric form of rHSA, whereas N-AcTrp induces degradation of rHSA during photo-irradiation. The decrease in α-helical content of rHSA was the smallest in the presence of Oct, without or with N-AcMet. Photo-irradiation did not affect the denaturation temperature or calorimetric enthalpy of rHSA, when N-AcMet was present. CONCLUSION The weakly bound N-AcMet is a superior protectant of albumin, because it is a better ROS-protector and structural stabilizer than N-AcTrp, and it is probable and also useful for other protein preparations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE N-AcMet is an effective stabilizer of albumin during photo-irradiation, while N-Ac-Trp promotes photo-oxidative damage to albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Kouno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; Pharma Daiwa Yuge Pharmacy, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
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33
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Cys34-cysteinylated human serum albumin is a sensitive plasma marker in oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85216. [PMID: 24416365 PMCID: PMC3885702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of oxidized cysteine (Cys) 34 in human serum albumin (HSA), as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), is correlated with oxidative stress related pathological conditions. In order to further characterize the oxidation of Cys34-HSA at the molecular level and to develop a suitable analytical method for a rapid and sensitive clinical laboratory analysis, the use of electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ESI-TOFMS) was evaluated. A marked increase in the cysteinylation of Cys34 occurs in chronic liver and kidney diseases and diabetes mellitus. A significant positive correlation was observed between the Cys-Cys34-HSA fraction of plasma samples obtained from 229 patients, as determined by ESI-TOFMS, and the degree of oxidized Cys34-HSA determined by HPLC. The Cys-Cys34-HSA fraction was significantly increased with the progression of liver cirrhosis, and was reduced by branched chain amino acids (BCAA) treatment. The changes in the Cys-Cys34-HSA fraction were significantly correlated with the alternations of the plasma levels of advanced oxidized protein products, an oxidative stress marker for proteins. The binding ability of endogenous substances (bilirubin and tryptophan) and drugs (warfarin and diazepam) to HSA purified from chronic liver disease patients were significantly suppressed but significantly improved by BCAA supplementation. Interestingly, the changes in this physiological function of HSA in chronic liver disease were correlated with the Cys-Cys34-HSA fraction. In conclusion, ESI-TOFMS is a suitable high throughput method for the rapid and sensitive quantification of Cys-Cys34-HSA in a large number of samples for evaluating oxidative stress related chronic disease progression or in response to a treatment.
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34
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Anraku M, Chuang VTG, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Redox properties of serum albumin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5465-72. [PMID: 23644037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage results in protein modification, and is observed in numerous diseases. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant circulating protein in the plasma, exerts important antioxidant activities against oxidative damage. SCOPE OF REVIEW The present review focuses on the characterization of chemical changes in HSA that are induced by oxidative damage, their relevance to human pathology and the most recent advances in clinical applications. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant properties of HSA are largely dependent on Cys34 and its contribution to the maintenance of intravascular homeostasis, including protecting the vascular endothelium under disease conditions related to oxidative stress. Recent studies also evaluated the susceptibility of other important amino acid residues to free radicals. The findings suggest that a redox change in HSA is related to the oxidation of several amino acid residues by different oxidants. Further, Cys34 adducts, such as S-nitrosylated and S-guanylated forms also play an important role in clinical applications. On the other hand, the ratio of the oxidized form to the normal form of albumin (HMA/HNA), which is a function of the redox states of Cys34, could serve as a useful marker for evaluating systemic redox states, which would be useful for the evaluation of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review provides new insights into our current understanding of the mechanism of HSA oxidation, based on in vitro and in vivo studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Serum Albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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35
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Miyamoto Y, Iwao Y, Mera K, Watanabe H, Kadowaki D, Ishima Y, Chuang VTG, Sato K, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. A uremic toxin, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate induces cell damage to proximal tubular cells via the generation of a radical intermediate. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1207-14. [PMID: 22898098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF), a furan fatty acid uremic toxin (UT) and a substrate for organic ion transporters, contributes to the accumulation of CMPF in renal tubular cells. Although oxidative stress induced by UTs has been proposed as a mechanism of its toxicity in chronic kidney disease, little information is available regarding the redox property of CMPF and its relation to renal cell damage. The findings herein show that CMPF enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HK-2 cells in the presence of angiotensin II (A-II), an inducer of O(2)(·-). When iron is also present, CMPF and A-II induce the Fenton reaction, resulting in a further increase in ROS production. Such CMPF-induced oxidative stress increases TGF-β1 secretion in HK-2 cells, and a positive correlation between CMPF-induced ROS production and the secretion of active TGF-β1 was observed. CMPF caused a reduction in cell viability which was negatively correlated with intracellular ROS production. These negative effects of CMPF in HK-2 cells were completely suppressed by probenecid, an inhibitor of organic anion transport. Interestingly, in vitro ROS assays indicate that CMPF directly interacts with superoxide anion radicals (O(2)(·-)) and peroxy radicals (LOO) to produce CMPF radicals. The subsequent interaction of CMPF radicals with dissolved oxygen leads to the overproduction of O(2)(·-). Based on these findings, we conclude that CMPF, which accumulates in the renal cells, appears to play a prominent role as a pro-oxidant which subsequently leads to renal cellular damage via the overproduction of O(2)(·-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miyamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1, Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Anraku M, Tomida H, Michihara A, Tsuchiya D, Iohara D, Maezaki Y, Uekama K, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Hirayama F. Antioxidant and renoprotective activity of chitosan in nephrectomized rats. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:302-4. [PMID: 24750638 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of chitosan on oxidative stress and chronic renal failure was investigated using 5/6 nephrectomized rats. The ingestion of chitosan over a 4-week period resulted in a significant decrease in total body weight, glucose, serum creatinine and indoxyl sulfate levels (P=0.0011, P=0.0006, P=0.0012, and P=0.0005, respectively), compared with the non-treated nephrectomized group. The ingestion of chitosan also resulted in a lowered ratio of oxidized to reduced albumin (P=0.003) and an increase in biological antioxidant potential (P=0.023). Interestingly, the oxidized albumin ratio was correlated with serum indoxyl sulfate levels in vivo. These results suggest that the ingestion of chitosan results in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants, such as uremic toxins, in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Hisao Tomida
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Akihiro Michihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Daiju Tsuchiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Yuji Maezaki
- Nippon Kayaku Food Techno Co., Ltd., Gunma 370-1208, Japan
| | - Kaneto Uekama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Human serum albumin: from bench to bedside. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:209-90. [PMID: 22230555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1174] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, is a monomeric multi-domain macromolecule, representing the main determinant of plasma oncotic pressure and the main modulator of fluid distribution between body compartments. HSA displays an extraordinary ligand binding capacity, providing a depot and carrier for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Indeed, HSA represents the main carrier for fatty acids, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, provides the metabolic modification of some ligands, renders potential toxins harmless, accounts for most of the anti-oxidant capacity of human plasma, and displays (pseudo-)enzymatic properties. HSA is a valuable biomarker of many diseases, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia, post-menopausal obesity, severe acute graft-versus-host disease, and diseases that need monitoring of the glycemic control. Moreover, HSA is widely used clinically to treat several diseases, including hypovolemia, shock, burns, surgical blood loss, trauma, hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hemodialysis, acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, nutrition support, resuscitation, and hypoalbuminemia. Recently, biotechnological applications of HSA, including implantable biomaterials, surgical adhesives and sealants, biochromatography, ligand trapping, and fusion proteins, have been reported. Here, genetic, biochemical, biomedical, and biotechnological aspects of HSA are reviewed.
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Anraku M, Takeuchi K, Watanabe H, Kadowaki D, Kitamura K, Tomita K, Kuniyasu A, Suenaga A, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Quantitative Analysis of Cysteine-34 On the Anitioxidative Properties of Human Serum Albumin in Hemodialysis Patients. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3968-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Oztas Y, Durukan I, Unal S, Ozgunes N. Plasma protein oxidation is correlated positively with plasma iron levels and negatively with hemolysate zinc levels in sickle-cell anemia patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2011; 34:129-35. [PMID: 21883969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2011.01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle-cell anemia (SCA) is a disease of high oxidative stress. The oxidative medium of SCA was evaluated by protein oxidation parameters and their correlation with lipids and ions were investigated both in the plasma and in the erythrocyte. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 15 steady-state patients with SCA, 10 carriers, and 10 controls. Plasma protein carbonyl, total sulfhydryl, total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids, and bilirubin levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Plasma copper, zinc, and iron levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and ions were also determined in the hemolysate lipid extract. RESULTS Patients had increased protein carbonyl and decreased total sulfhydryl levels compared with controls. Plasma cholesterol levels were lower than controls, and triglyceride levels were higher than carriers in patients with SCA. Plasma iron and hemolysate copper were higher in patients than carriers and controls. Plasma protein carbonyl levels were found to be correlated with plasma iron and hemolysate zinc levels in the patient group. CONCLUSION Alterations of proteins, lipids, and ions in the plasma and erythrocyte of steady-state patients with SCA were demonstrated. Some of these alterations are related with each other and with the oxidative stress observed in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oztas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kugimiya T, Jono H, Saito S, Maruyama T, Kadowaki D, Misumi Y, Hoshii Y, Tasaki M, Su Y, Ueda M, Obayashi K, Shono M, Otagiri M, Ando Y. Loss of functional albumin triggers acceleration of transthyretin amyloid fibril formation in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1219-28. [PMID: 21537325 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR)-related familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is characterized by systemic accumulation of amyloid fibrils caused by a point mutation in the TTR gene. Despite the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies, the pathogenesis of FAP still remains elusive. In our study reported here, we focused on albumin, the most abundant protein in plasma, and described the role of albumin in the TTR amyloid-formation process. Patients with FAP evidenced significantly decreased serum albumin levels as the disease progressed. Biacore analysis showed that albumin had a binding affinity for TTR and exhibited higher affinity for TTR amyloid than native TTR. Albumin functioning as an antioxidant effectively suppressed TTR amyloid formation. In patients with FAP, albumin was significantly oxidized as the disease progressed. Moreover, loss of functional albumin accelerated TTR deposition in analbuminemic rats possessing a human variant TTR gene. Taken together, these results indicate that albumin may have an inhibitory role in the TTR amyloid-formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Kugimiya
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Anraku M, Michihara A, Yasufuku T, Akasaki K, Tsuchiya D, Nishio H, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Maezaki Y, Kondo Y, Tomida H. The antioxidative and antilipidemic effects of different molecular weight chitosans in metabolic syndrome model rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 33:1994-8. [PMID: 21139239 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of high and low molecular weight chitosans (HMC; 1000 kDa, LMC; 30 kDa) on oxidative stress and hypercholesterolemia was investigated using male 6-week-old Wistar Kyoto rats as a normal model (Normal-rats) and spontaneously hypertensive rat/ND mcr-cp (SHP/ND) as a metabolic syndrome model (MS-rats), respectively. In Normal-rats, the ingestion of both chitosans over a 4 week period resulted in a significant decrease in total body weight (BW), glucose (Gl), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and serum creatinine (Cre) levels. The ingestion of both chitosans also resulted in a lowered ratio of oxidized to reduced albumin and an increase in total plasma antioxidant activity. In addition to similar results in Normal-rats, the ingestion of only HMC over a 4 week period resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol levels in MS-rats. Further, the ingestion of LMC resulted in a significantly higher antioxidant activity than was observed for HMC in both rat models. In in vitro studies, LMC caused a significantly higher reduction in the levels of two stable radicals, compared to HMC, and the effect was both dose- and time-dependent. The findings also show that LDL showed strong binding in the case of HMC. These results suggest that LMC has a high antioxidant activity as well as antilipidemic effects, while HMC results in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants such as LDL in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation in metabolic model rats.
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Selmeci L. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP): novel uremic toxins, or components of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system of the plasma proteome? Free Radic Res 2011; 45:1115-23. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.602074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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43
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The proximal tubular renin–angiotensin system during albuminuria. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1292-4. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328348f031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tanaka M, Tokunaga K, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Tominaga Y, Itoh K, Matsushita K, Komaba H, Fukagawa M. Parathyroidectomy Markedly Reduces Oxidative Stress in a Patient with Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Ther Apher Dial 2011; 15 Suppl 1:38-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2011.00925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Tanaka M, Tokunaga K, Komaba H, Itoh K, Matsushita K, Watanabe H, Kadowaki D, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Fukagawa M. Vitamin D receptor activator reduces oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Ther Apher Dial 2011; 15:161-8. [PMID: 21426509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2010.00890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with a vitamin D receptor activator (VDRA) has survival benefits probably related to its effects beyond the traditional role in mineral metabolism. We hypothesized that VDRA reduces oxidative stress in hemodialysis (HD) patients. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of VDRA on the oxidative status of albumin in HD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Eleven HD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism were treated with calcitriol at an intravenous dose of 1.5 µg/week for four weeks. Serum intact parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus were monitored and we measured the amount of oxidized albumin and albumin hydroperoxides form before and after calcitriol treatment. The ratio of oxidized to un-oxidized albumin was determined as a representative marker of oxidative stress. The radical scavenging activity of albumin was also evaluated. After four weeks of calcitriol therapy, there were no significant changes in serum intact parathyroid hormone, calcium, or phosphorus levels; however, the ratio of oxidized to un-oxidized albumin was markedly decreased and serum thiol content was significantly increased after calcitriol treatment. Furthermore, the radical scavenging activity of albumin was greater after calcitriol treatment compared with that of untreated albumin. Our data suggest that intravenous calcitriol treatment reduces oxidative stress and strengthens antioxidant defenses by inhibiting albumin oxidation in HD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Akebono Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Anraku M, Fujii T, Kondo Y, Kojima E, Hata T, Tabuchi N, Tsuchiya D, Goromaru T, Tsutsumi H, Kadowaki D, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Tomida H. Antioxidant properties of high molecular weight dietary chitosan in vitro and in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Michelis R, Kristal B, Snitkovsky T, Sela S. Oxidative modifications impair albumin quantification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:137-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Michihara A, Shimatani M, Anraku M, Tomida H, Akasaki K. High levels of oxidative stress exist in the brain than serum or kidneys in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats at ten weeks of age. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:518-21. [PMID: 20190419 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined levels of oxidative stress in the serum, brain and kidneys of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) at 10 weeks of age. Levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), oxidized albumin and oxidized proteins, markers of oxidative stress, were significantly decreased in serum among SHRSP as compared with WKY. Levels of oxidized proteins determined by immunoblotting were significantly increased in the brain, but not kidney, of SHRSP. The mRNA level of super oxide dismutase (SOD) determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the protein level of catalase assessed by immunoblotting were significantly increased in the brain of SHRSP. From these results, it was suggested that levels of oxidative stress were higher in the brain than serum or kidneys of SHRSP at 10 weeks of age, but are not caused by decreases in the expression of SOD and catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Michihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan.
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Colombo G, Aldini G, Orioli M, Giustarini D, Gornati R, Rossi R, Colombo R, Carini M, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I. Water-Soluble alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes of cigarette smoke induce carbonylation of human serum albumin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:349-64. [PMID: 19686037 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for developing pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases as well as some forms of cancer. Understanding the mechanisms by which smoking contributes to disease remains a major research focus. Increased levels of carbonylated serum proteins are present in smokers; albumin is the major carbonylated protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of older smokers. We have investigated the susceptibility of human serum albumin (HSA) to alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde-induced carbonylation when exposed to whole-phase cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Fluorescence studies with fluorescent probes showed depletion of HSA Cys34 free thiol and marked decrease of free Lys residues. Spectrophotometric and immunochemical carbonyl assays after carbonyl derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine revealed the formation of covalent carbonyl adducts. Nanoscale capillary liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry analysis detected acrolein and crotonaldehyde Michael adducts at Cys34, Lys525, Lys351, and His39 at all the CSE concentrations tested. Lys541 and Lys545 were also found to form a Schiff base with acrolein. The carbonyl scavenger drugs, hydralazine and pyridoxamine, partially prevented CSE-induced HSA carbonylation. Carbonylation of HSA associated with cigarette smoking might result in modifications of its antioxidant properties and transport functions of both endogenous and exogenous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan , Italy
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50
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Boisvert MR, Koski KG, Skinner CD. Increased Oxidative Modifications of Amniotic Fluid Albumin in Pregnancies Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1133-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902322w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel R. Boisvert
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Montreal, Canada H9X 3V9, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Kristine G. Koski
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Montreal, Canada H9X 3V9, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Cameron D. Skinner
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Montreal, Canada H9X 3V9, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4B 1R6
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