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Movsisyan AS, Nasseri K, Keegan TH. Construction of the Armenian Surname List (ASL) for public health research. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:29. [PMID: 36709252 PMCID: PMC9883902 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are an estimated 460,000 Armenians in the United States, and more than half live in California. Armenian-Americans are generally represented within the 'White' or 'Some Other Race' race categories in population-based research studies. While Armenians have been included in studies focused on Middle-Eastern populations, there are no studies focused exclusively on Armenians due to a lack of standardized collection of Armenian ethnicity in the United States or an Armenian surname list. To fill this research gap, we sought to construct and evaluate an Armenian Surname List (ASL) for use as an identification tool in public health and epidemiological research studies focused on Armenian populations. METHODS Data sources for the ASL included the California Public Use Death Files (CPUDF) and the Middle Eastern Surname List (MESL). For evaluation of the ASL, the California Cancer Registry (CCR) database was queried for surnames with birthplace in Armenia and identified by the MESL. RESULTS There are a total of 3,428 surnames in the ASL. Nearly half (1,678) of surnames in the ASL were not identified by the MESL. The ASL captured 310 additional Armenian surnames in the CCR than the MESL. CONCLUSIONS The ASL is the first surname list for identifying Armenians in major databases for epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani S. Movsisyan
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA ,grid.413079.80000 0000 9752 8549UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Kiumarss Nasseri
- International Health and Epidemiology Research Center, Sherman Oaks, USA
| | - Theresa H. Keegan
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA ,grid.413079.80000 0000 9752 8549UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
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Dallo FJ, Prabhakar D, Ruterbusch J, Schwartz K, Peterson EL, Liu B, Ahmedani BK. Screening and follow-up for depression among Arab Americans. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:1198-1206. [PMID: 30099819 DOI: 10.1002/da.22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors compared proportions and associations of depression screening, major depression, and follow-up care of Arab Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Asians, and Hispanics. METHODS Administrative data was electronically abstracted from a large health system in metropolitan Detroit among 97,918 adult patients in 2014 and 2015. A valid and reliable surname list was used to identify Arab Americans. Using chi-squares, we examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and depression screening, major depression, and follow-up care. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to examine the relationship between the main independent variable of race/ethnicity and the dependent variables of depression screening and major depression while controlling for confounders. RESULTS Arab American women were 23% less likely to be screened for depression compared to non-Hispanic white women (OR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.70, 0.86). The age- and sex-adjusted proportions of major depression were 5.5% for Arab Americans compared to 7.0% for Hispanics, 6.0% for non-Hispanic blacks, 5.9% for non-Hispanic whites, and 1.5% for Asians. Arab Americans with major depression were less likely to follow up with a behavioral specialist and more likely to follow up with a primary care physician compared to other racial and ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study adds to the discourse on depression care among Arab Americans by highlighting the existing disparities related to adequate screening and appropriate management of depression. Future studies should include information about the influences of acculturation, culture, stigma, family, and religion on depression care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence J Dallo
- Public and Environmental Wellness, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Deepak Prabhakar
- Behavioral Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Julie Ruterbusch
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kendra Schwartz
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Bin Liu
- Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Brian K Ahmedani
- Behavioral Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
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Ziadeh C, Ziogas A, Jiang L, Anton-Culver H. Breast Cancer Characteristics in Middle Eastern Women Immigrants Compared With Non-Hispanic White Women in California. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2018; 2:pky014. [PMID: 31360847 PMCID: PMC6649784 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence has indicated that Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants might be more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at advanced stage, yet have better overall survival than nonimmigrant non-Hispanic whites (NHW). This study aims to analyze the association between ME immigration status and breast cancer stage at diagnosis and survival. Methods Using the California Cancer Registry, a total of 343 876 women diagnosed with primary in situ or invasive breast cancers were identified during 1988–2013. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the risk of in situ and nonlocalized breast cancer stage in comparison with localized breast cancer among first-generation ME immigrants, second- or subsequent-generation ME immigrants, and NHW. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer mortality among the three population groups with invasive primary breast cancer. Results First-generation ME immigrants had higher odds of being diagnosed with a nonlocalized stage (vs localized) than NHW (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.26). Second- or subsequent-generation ME immigrants also had higher odds of being diagnosed with a nonlocalized stage (vs localized) than NHW (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.43). First-generation ME immigrants were 11% less likely to die from breast cancer than NHW (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.82 to 0.97). Conclusions First-generation ME immigrants had higher breast cancer survival despite being diagnosed at a nonlocalized breast cancer stage at diagnosis when compared with NHW. Screening interventions tailored to this ME immigrant group need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ziadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Luohua Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
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A Health Profile of Arab Americans in Michigan: A Novel Approach to Using a Hospital Administrative Database. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 18:1449-1454. [PMID: 26472547 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to estimate and compare the prevalence of heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, stroke, Alzheimer's, diabetes, nephrosis, flu/pneumonia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis between Arab Americans and whites attending a large, metropolitan hospital system. The sample included 68,047 patients, 18 years of age or older, who visited the hospital during 2012. Demographic and disease variables were electronically abstracted. Demographic characteristics were compared between Arab Americans and whites using Chi square tests. Sex specific, age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % confidence intervals were estimated for these two groups using a log-binomial regression model. Compared to white men, Arab American men had a higher prevalence of diabetes (PR 1.40, 95 % CI 1.29-1.52) and hypertension (PR 1.07, 95 % CI 1.04-1.10), and a lower prevalence of chronic lower respiratory disease (PR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.66-0.83). Compared to white women, Arab American women had a higher prevalence of chronic lower respiratory disease (PR 1.12, 95 % CI 1.01-1.25), diabetes (PR 1.49, 95 % CI 1.38-1.60), influenza/pneumonia (PR 1.26, 95 % CI 1.05-1.51) and hypertension (PR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.01-1.08). This study supports previous findings that health disparities exist for Arab Americans, who are classified as "white" in health statistics. Standard inclusion of Arab American as a separate ethnicity category will aid researchers in assessing the health care needs of this growing minority community.
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Donnelly TT, Al Khater AH, Al-Bader SB, Al Kuwari MG, Malik M, Al-Meer N, Singh R, Fung T. Factors that Influence Awareness of Breast Cancer Screening among Arab Women in Qatar: Results from a Cross Sectional Survey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10157-64. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Khan F, Ruterbusch JJ, Gomez SL, Schwartz K. Differences in the cancer burden among foreign-born and US-born Arab Americans living in metropolitan Detroit. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1955-61. [PMID: 24013772 PMCID: PMC4189086 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Migrant studies often provide clues for cancer etiology. We estimated the cancer burden among Arab Americans (ArA) by immigrant status in the metropolitan Detroit area, home to one of the highest concentrations of ArA in USA. METHODS A validated name algorithm was used to identify ArA cancer cases diagnosed 1990-2009 in the Detroit SEER database. Recorded birthplace was supplemented with imputation of nativity using birthdate and social security number. Age-adjusted, gender-specific proportional incidence ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated comparing all ArA, foreign-born ArA, and US-born ArA, to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). RESULTS Foreign-born ArA males had higher proportions of multiple myeloma, leukemia, kidney, liver, stomach, and bladder cancer than NHW, while bladder cancer and leukemia were higher among US-born ArA males. For ArA women, gall bladder and thyroid cancers were proportionally higher among both foreign- and US-born compared with NHW. Stomach cancer was proportionally higher only among foreign-born women. CONCLUSIONS Cancer proportional incidence patterns among ArA show some similarity to other migrant groups, with higher proportional incidences of stomach and liver cancers among foreign-born than US-born. Other patterns, such as tobacco-related cancers among ArA men and gall bladder and thyroid cancers among ArA women, will require more investigation of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khan
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,USA
| | - Julie J. Ruterbusch
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scarlett L. Gomez
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kendra Schwartz
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 3939 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, USA
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Postmenopausal breast cancer in Iran; risk factors and their population attributable fractions. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:414. [PMID: 22992276 PMCID: PMC3517420 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Causes of the rapidly increasing incidence of breast cancer in Middle East and Asian countries are incompletely understood. We evaluated risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer and estimated their attributable fraction in Iran. METHODS We performed a hospital-based case-control study, including 493 women, diagnosed with breast cancer at 50 years or later between 2005-2008, and 493 controls. We used logistic regression models to estimate multivariable odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and population attributable fractions (PAF) for significant risk factors. RESULTS The risk of breast cancer decreased with increasing parity. Compared with nulliparous women, the adjusted OR (95% CI) was 0.53 (0.25-1.15) for parity 1-3, 0.47 (0.29-0.93) for parity 4-6 and 0.23 (0.11-0.50) for parity ≥ 7. The estimated PAF for parity (<7) was 52%. The positive association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer risk was confined to women diagnosed at 58 years or later. Compared with normal weight women (BMI 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and obese (BMI ≥ 30) women were at increased risk of breast cancer diagnosed at 58 years or later (ORs [95% CI] 1.27 [0.97-2.65] and 2.34 [1.33-4.14], respectively). The estimated PAF for obesity/overweight (BMI >25) was approximately 25%. The family history was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk, but not increasing height, early age at menarche, late age at first birth or short breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS Decreasing parity and increasing obesity are determinants of increasing breast cancer incidence among Iranian women. These trends predict a continuing upward trend of postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Dallo FJ, Schwartz K, Ruterbusch JJ, Booza J, Williams DR. Mortality rates among Arab Americans in Michigan. J Immigr Minor Health 2012; 14:236-41. [PMID: 21318619 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-011-9441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to: (1) calculate age-specific and age-adjusted cause-specific mortality rates for Arab Americans; and (2) compare these rates with those for blacks and whites. Mortality rates were estimated using Michigan death certificate data, an Arab surname and first name list, and 2000 U.S. Census data. Age-specific rates, age-adjusted all-cause and cause-specific rates were calculated. Arab Americans (75+) had higher mortality rates than whites and blacks. Among men, all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates for Arab Americans were in the range of whites and blacks. However, Arab American men had lower mortality rates from cancer and chronic lower respiratory disease compared to both whites and blacks. Among women, Arab Americans had lower mortality rates from heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes than whites and blacks. Arab Americans are growing in number. Future study should focus on designing rigorous separate analyses for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence J Dallo
- Department of Wellness, Health Promotion and Injury Prevention, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4482, USA.
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