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Hederström V, Ekroos J, Friberg M, Krausl T, Opedal ØH, Persson AS, Petrén H, Quan Y, Smith HG, Clough Y. Pollinator-mediated effects of landscape-scale land use on grassland plant community composition and ecosystem functioning - seven hypotheses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:675-698. [PMID: 38118437 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change is disrupting mutualisms between organisms worldwide. Reported declines in insect populations and changes in pollinator community compositions in response to land use and other environmental drivers have put the spotlight on the need to conserve pollinators. While this is often motivated by their role in supporting crop yields, the role of pollinators for reproduction and resulting taxonomic and functional assembly in wild plant communities has received less attention. Recent findings suggest that observed and experimental gradients in pollinator availability can affect plant community composition, but we know little about when such shifts are to be expected, or the impact they have on ecosystem functioning. Correlations between plant traits related to pollination and plant traits related to other important ecosystem functions, such as productivity, nitrogen uptake or palatability to herbivores, lead us to expect non-random shifts in ecosystem functioning in response to changes in pollinator communities. At the same time, ecological and evolutionary processes may counteract these effects of pollinator declines, limiting changes in plant community composition, and in ecosystem functioning. Despite calls to investigate community- and ecosystem-level impacts of reduced pollination, the study of pollinator effects on plants has largely been confined to impacts on plant individuals or single-species populations. With this review we aim to break new ground by bringing together aspects of landscape ecology, ecological and evolutionary plant-insect interactions, and biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research, to generate new ideas and hypotheses about the ecosystem-level consequences of pollinator declines in response to land-use change, using grasslands as a focal system. Based on an integrated set of seven hypotheses, we call for more research investigating the putative pollinator-mediated links between landscape-scale land use and ecosystem functioning. In particular, future research should use combinations of experimental and observational approaches to assess the effects of changes in pollinator communities over multiple years and across species on plant communities and on trait distributions both within and among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hederström
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Magne Friberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Theresia Krausl
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Øystein H Opedal
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Anna S Persson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Hampus Petrén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Quan
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
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Prokop P, Ježová Z, Mešková M, Vanerková V, Zvaríková M, Fedor P. Flower angle favors pollen export efficiency in the snowdrop Galanthus nivalis (Linnaeus, 1753) but not in the lesser celandine Ficaria verna (Huds, 1762). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2163065. [PMID: 36635990 PMCID: PMC9851262 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2163065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flower angle is crucially important for accurate pollination and flower protection against abiotic factors. Evolutionary factors shaping floral traits are particularly strong for bilaterally symmetric flowers because these flowers require more pollination accuracy than radially symmetrical flowers. We experimentally investigated the flower angle in the snowdrop's (Galanthus nivalis) radially symmetrical, early-blooming downward flowers. Bumblebees were able to gather significantly more pollen grains from downward flowers than from upward flowers, but female traits (fertility in the field) seem unaffected by flower angle. Similar experiments with radially symmetrical, later flowering Lesser celandine (Ficaria verna) upward flowers showed no differences in bees' abilities to gather pollen in upward vs downward-facing flowers. The downward angle of snowdrop flowers is an adaptation that increases the ability of insects to collect more pollen grains under unfavorable early spring weather conditions when pollinators are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Prokop
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Ježová
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Mešková
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Vanerková
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Zvaríková
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Fedor
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kardas E, González-Rosario AM, Giray T, Ackerman JD, Godoy-Vitorino F. Gut microbiota variation of a tropical oil-collecting bee species far exceeds that of the honeybee. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1122489. [PMID: 37266018 PMCID: PMC10229882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1122489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interest for bee microbiota has recently been rising, alleviating the gap in knowledge in regard to drivers of solitary bee gut microbiota. However, no study has addressed the microbial acquisition routes of tropical solitary bees. For both social and solitary bees, the gut microbiota has several essential roles such as food processing and immune responses. While social bees such as honeybees maintain a constant gut microbiota by direct transmission from individuals of the same hive, solitary bees do not have direct contact between generations. They thus acquire their gut microbiota from the environment and/or the provision of their brood cell. To establish the role of life history in structuring the gut microbiota of solitary bees, we characterized the gut microbiota of Centris decolorata from a beach population in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. Females provide the initial brood cell provision for the larvae, while males patrol the nest without any contact with it. We hypothesized that this behavior influences their gut microbiota, and that the origin of larval microbiota is from brood cell provisions. Methods We collected samples from adult females and males of C. decolorata (n = 10 each, n = 20), larvae (n = 4), and brood cell provisions (n = 10). For comparison purposes, we also sampled co-occurring female foragers of social Apis mellifera (n = 6). The samples were dissected, their DNA extracted, and gut microbiota sequenced using 16S rRNA genes. Pollen loads of A. mellifera and C. decolorata were analyzed and interactions between bee species and their plant resources were visualized using a pollination network. Results While we found the gut of A. mellifera contained the same phylotypes previously reported in the literature, we noted that the variability in the gut microbiota of solitary C. decolorata was significantly higher than that of social A. mellifera. Furthermore, the microbiota of adult C. decolorata mostly consisted of acetic acid bacteria whereas that of A. mellifera mostly had lactic acid bacteria. Among C. decolorata, we found significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between adults and their brood cell provisions (Shannon and Chao1 p < 0.05), due to the higher abundance of families such as Rhizobiaceae and Chitinophagaceae in the brood cells, and of Acetobacteraceae in adults. In addition, the pollination network analysis indicated that A. mellifera had a stronger interaction with Byrsonima sp. and a weaker interaction with Combretaceae while interactions between C. decolorata and its plant resources were constant with the null model. Conclusion Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that behavioral differences in brood provisioning between solitary and social bees is a factor leading to relatively high variation in the microbiota of the solitary bee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kardas
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | | | - Tugrul Giray
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - James D. Ackerman
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
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Ojija F, Adam LS, Nicholaus R, Mwakalapa EB. Insect-pollinators and their interactions with plants differ in disturbed and semi-natural areas: Tanzania's Southern Highlands case study. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231184035. [PMID: 37358485 PMCID: PMC10358636 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231184035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to inadequate insect-pollinator data, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries like Tanzania, it is difficult to manage and protect these species in disturbed and semi-natural areas. Field surveys were conducted to assess insect-pollinator abundance and diversity and their interactions with plants in disturbed and semi-natural areas in Tanzania's Southern Highlands using pan traps, sweep netting, transect counts, and timed observations techniques. We found that species diversity and richness of insect-pollinators were high in semi-natural areas, and there was 14.29% more abundance than in disturbed areas. The highest plant-pollinator interactions were recorded in semi-natural areas. In these areas, the total number of visits by Hymenoptera was more than three times that of Coleoptera, while that of Lepidoptera and Diptera was more than 237 and 12 times, respectively. Hymenoptera pollinators had twice the total number of visits of Lepidoptera, and threefold of Coleoptera, and five times more visits than Diptera in disturbed habitats. Although disturbed areas had fewer insect-pollinators and fewer plant-insect-pollinator interactions, our findings indicate that both disturbed and semi-natural areas are potential habitats for insect-pollinators. The study revealed that the over-dominant species Apis mellifera could influence diversity indices and network-level metrics in the study areas. When A. mellifera was excluded from the analysis, the number of interactions differed significantly between insect orders in the study areas. Also, Diptera pollinators interacted with the most flowering plants in both study areas compared to Hymenopterans. Though A. mellifera was excluded in the analysis, we found a high number of species in semi-natural areas compared to disturbed areas. Conclusively, we recommend that more studies be conducted in these areas across sub-Saharan Africa to unveil their potential for protecting insect-pollinators and how ongoing anthropogenic changes threaten them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Ojija
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science and Technical Education, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Lusekelo S Adam
- Department of Natural Resources Conservation, Social Health and Environment Management Organization, Mbamba Bay, Nyasa, Ruvuma
| | - Regan Nicholaus
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Science and Technical Education, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Eliezer B Mwakalapa
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Science and Technical Education, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania
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Carvalho C, Oliveira A, Caeiro E, Miralto O, Parrinha M, Sampaio A, Silva C, Mira A, Salgueiro PA. Insect pollination services in actively and spontaneously restored quarries converge differently to natural reference ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115450. [PMID: 35738124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration has the potential to accelerate the recovery of biodiversity and ecosystem services in degraded ecosystems. However, current research queries whether active restoration is necessary. We evaluated plant-pollinator networks during spring at replicated sites within an actively restored quarry, at abandoned quarries undergoing spontaneous restoration, and within a natural reference area, to compare pollinator community composition and function. Overall, we aimed to assess which approach is more effective in rehabilitating pollination networks. We found that while both approaches allowed for the restoration of pollination function, active restoration provided faster recovery: pollination network structure was more similar to the reference ecosystem after 20-30 years of active restoration, than 40 years of natural succession in spontaneously restored areas. Different restoration approaches sustained distinct pollinator communities providing a similar service in different areas: honey bees played an important role in the natural area, bumblebees in the abandoned quarries and wild bees in the restored sites, suggesting a possible conflict between diverse wild bee communities and honey bee homogenized pollinator communities. In quarries, flower resource availability and diversity influenced networks' structural properties by constraining species interactions and composition. In spontaneously restored areas a rich herbaceous layer of ruderal species from early successional stages buffered against the shortage of flower resources at critical periods. Active restoration, though effective, should include practices that consider wild bee communities and mitigate flower resource scarcity. The use of "bridging" plants that flower in different periods, should be considered in active restoration programs to enhance the pollinator community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amália Oliveira
- UBC - Conservation Biology Lab, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Elsa Caeiro
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal; SPAIC - Portuguese Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Otília Miralto
- UBC - Conservation Biology Lab, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Sampaio
- UBC - Conservation Biology Lab, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carmo Silva
- UBC - Conservation Biology Lab, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - António Mira
- UBC - Conservation Biology Lab, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Salgueiro
- UBC - Conservation Biology Lab, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Évora, Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
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6
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Souza JMT, Vázquez DP, Varassin IG. Abundance and phenology drive plant–pollinator network responses to restoration in the Southern Atlantic rainforest in Brazil. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana M. T. Souza
- Departamento Acadêmico de Química e Biologia Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Rua Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado, 5000, CEP 81280‐340, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - Diego P. Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Cuyo CC 507, 5500 Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Isabela G. Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva Universidade Federal do Paraná CEP 81531‐980, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
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Deprá MS, Evans DM, Gaglianone MC. Pioneer herbaceous plants contribute to the restoration of pollination interactions in restinga habitats in tropical Atlantic Forest. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Scaramussa Deprá
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000 Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro CEP 28013‐602 Brazil
| | - Darren Mark Evans
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Agriculture Building, King's Road Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU U.K
| | - Maria Cristina Gaglianone
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000 Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro CEP 28013‐602 Brazil
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Maia KP, Marquitti FMD, Vaughan IP, Memmott J, Raimundo RLG. Interaction generalisation and demographic feedbacks drive the resilience of plant-insect networks to extinctions. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2109-2121. [PMID: 34048028 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes driving ecological resilience, that is the extent to which systems retain their structure while absorbing perturbations, is a central challenge for theoretical and applied ecologists. Plant-insect assemblages are well-suited for the study of ecological resilience as they are species-rich and encompass a variety of ecological interactions that correspond to essential ecosystem functions. Mechanisms affecting community response to perturbations depend on both the natural history and structure of ecological interactions. Natural history attributes of the interspecific interactions, for example whether they are mutualistic or antagonistic, may affect the ecological resilience by controlling the demographic feedbacks driving ecological dynamics at the community level. Interaction generalisation may also affect resilience, by defining opportunities for interaction rewiring, the extent to which species are able to switch interactions in fluctuating environments. These natural history attributes may also interact with network structure to affect ecological resilience. Using adaptive network models, we investigated the resilience of plant-pollinator and plant-herbivore networks to species loss. We specifically investigated how fundamental natural history differences between these systems, namely the demographic consequences of the interaction and their level of generalisation-mediating rewiring opportunities-affect the resilience of dynamic ecological networks to extinctions. We also create a general benchmark for the effect of network structure on resilience simulating extinctions on theoretical networks with controlled structures. When network structure was static, pollination networks were less resilient than herbivory networks; this is related to their high levels of nestedness and the reciprocally positive feedbacks that define mutualisms, which made co-extinction cascades more likely and longer in plant-pollinator assemblages. When considering interaction rewiring, the high generalisation and the structure of pollination networks boosted their resilience to extinctions, which approached those of herbivory networks. Simulation results using theoretical networks suggested that the empirical structure of herbivory networks may protect them from collapse. Elucidating the ecological and evolutionary processes driving interaction rewiring is key to understanding the resilience of plant-insect assemblages. Accounting for rewiring requires ecologists to combine natural history with network models that incorporate feedbacks between species abundances, traits and interactions. This combination will elucidate how perturbations propagate at community level, reshaping biodiversity structure and ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate P Maia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ian P Vaughan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jane Memmott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rafael L G Raimundo
- Department of Engineering and Environment and Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGEMA), Centre for Applied Sciences and Education, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus IV, Rio Tinto, Brazil.,IRIS Research Group, Innovation for Resilience, Inclusion and Sustainability, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus IV, Rio Tinto, Brazil
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10
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Carrick PJ, Forsythe KJ. The species composition-ecosystem function relationship: A global meta-analysis using data from intact and recovering ecosystems. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236550. [PMID: 32730290 PMCID: PMC7392319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea that biodiversity is necessary in order for ecosystems to function properly has long been used as a basic argument for the conservation of species, and has led to an abundance of research exploring the relationships between species richness and ecosystem function. Here we present a meta-analysis of global ecosystems using the Bray-Curtis index to explore more complex changes in the species composition of natural ecosystems, and their relationship with ecosystem functions. By using data recorded, firstly in reference sites and secondly in recovering sites, captured in restoration ecology studies, we pose the following questions: Firstly, how much variation is there in species composition and in ecosystem function in an intact ecosystem? Secondly, once an ecosystem has become degraded, is there a general relationship between its recovery in species composition and its recovery in ecosystem function? Thirdly, is this relationship the same for all types of ecosystem functions? Data from 21 studies yielded 478 comparisons of mean values for ecosystems. On Average, sites within the same intact natural ecosystems shared only a 48% similarity in species composition but were 69% similar in ecosystem functioning. In recovering ecosystems the relationship between species composition and ecosystem function was weak and saturating (directly accounting for only 2% of the variation). Only two of the six types of ecosystem function examined, biomass and biotic structure, showed a significant relationship with species composition, and the three types that measured soil functions showed no significant relationship. To date, most biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) research has been conducted in simplified ecosystems using the simple species richness metric. This study encourages a broader examination of the drivers of ecosystem functions under realistic scenarios of biodiversity change, and highlights the need to properly account for the extensive natural variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Carrick
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Katherine J. Forsythe
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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11
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Ferreira PA, Boscolo D, Lopes LE, Carvalheiro LG, Biesmeijer JC, da Rocha PLB, Viana BF. Forest and connectivity loss simplify tropical pollination networks. Oecologia 2020; 192:577-590. [PMID: 31897723 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutualistic interactions between plants and pollinators play an essential role in the organization and persistence of biodiversity. The structure of interaction networks mediates the resilience of local communities and ecosystem functioning to environmental changes. Hence, network structure conservation may be more critical for maintaining biodiversity and ecological services than the preservation of isolated species in changing landscapes. Here, we intensively surveyed seven 36 km2 landscapes to empirically investigate the effects of forest loss and landscape configuration on the structure of plant-pollinator networks in understory vegetation of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Our results indicate that forest loss and isolation affect the structure of the plant-pollinator networks, which were smaller in deforested landscapes, and less specialized as patch isolation increased. Lower nestedness and degree of specialization (H'2) indicated that the remaining plant and bee species tend to be generalists, and many of the expected specialized interactions in the network were already lost. Because generalist species generate a cohesive interaction core in these networks, these simplified networks might be resistant to loss of peripheral species, but may be susceptible to the extinction of the most generalist species. We suggest that such a network pattern is an outcome of landscapes with a few remaining isolated patches of natural habitat. Our results add a new perspective to studies of plant-pollinator networks in fragmented landscapes, showing that those interaction networks might also be used to indicate how changes in natural habitat affect biodiversity and biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Alves Ferreira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Boscolo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Elsinor Lopes
- Department of Environmental Sciences, DCAm, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Goiás, UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus C Biesmeijer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Smith DiCarlo LA, DeBano SJ, Burrows S. Arid grassland bee communities: associated environmental variables and responses to restoration. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Smith DiCarlo
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall Corvallis OR 97333 U.S.A
- Department of Environmental Science Westfield State University, 204 Wilson Hall Westfield MA 01085 U.S.A
| | - Sandra J. DeBano
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, 2121 S. 1st Street Hermiston OR 97838 U.S.A
| | - Skyler Burrows
- Bee Biology and Systematics Lab Utah State University Logan UT 84322 U.S.A
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13
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Pollinator foraging flexibility mediates rapid plant-pollinator network restoration in semi-natural grasslands. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15473. [PMID: 31664170 PMCID: PMC6820780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined how plant-pollinator interactions were affected by time since habitat restoration and landscape connectivity by comparing plant-pollinator networks in restored, abandoned and continuously grazed semi-natural pastures in south-central Sweden. We measured richness of flowering plants and pollinators, and local plant-pollinator network characteristics including species composition as well as the number and identity of interactions, allowing a deeper understanding of species and interaction beta diversity. Pollinator richness and abundance were highest in restored grasslands. They successfully resembled continuously grazed grasslands. However, the turnover of interactions was extremely high among pasture categories (0.99) mainly due to high turnover of plant (0.74) and pollinator species (0.81). Among co-occurring plant and pollinator species, the turnover of interactions (0.66) was attributable mainly to differences in the number of links and to a lesser extent to species true rewiring (~0.17). Connectivity and time since restoration had no effect on the measured network properties. We show that plant-pollinator interactions can be rapidly restored even in relatively isolated grasslands. This is partly due to flexibility of most pollinators to establish interactions with the available flowering plants and relatively high species interaction rewiring, indicating that pollinators behavioural plasticity allow them to shift diets to adapt to new situations.
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Peel N, Dicks LV, Clark MD, Heavens D, Percival‐Alwyn L, Cooper C, Davies RG, Leggett RM, Yu DW. Semi‐quantitative characterisation of mixed pollen samples using MinION sequencing and Reverse Metagenomics (RevMet). Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ned Peel
- Earlham Institute Norwich UK
- University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Douglas W. Yu
- University of East Anglia Norwich UK
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
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15
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Wide outcrossing provides functional connectivity for new and old Banksia populations within a fragmented landscape. Oecologia 2019; 190:255-268. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Banaszak J, Twerd L. Importance of thermophilous habitats for protection of wild bees (Apiformes). COMMUNITY ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/168.2018.19.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Banaszak
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Ecology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolińskich 12, 85-093 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - L. Twerd
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Ecology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolińskich 12, 85-093 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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17
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Bennett JM, Thompson A, Goia I, Feldmann R, Ştefan V, Bogdan A, Rakosy D, Beloiu M, Biro IB, Bluemel S, Filip M, Madaj AM, Martin A, Passonneau S, Kalisch DP, Scherer G, Knight TM. A review of European studies on pollination networks and pollen limitation, and a case study designed to fill in a gap. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply068. [PMID: 30591830 PMCID: PMC6302952 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental change disrupts interactions between plants and their animal pollinators. To assess the importance of different drivers, baseline information is needed on interaction networks and plant reproductive success around the world. We conducted a systematic literature review to determine the state of our knowledge on plant-pollinator interactions and the ecosystem services they provide for European ecosystems. We focussed on studies that published information on plant-pollinator networks, as a community-level assessment of plant-pollinator interactions and pollen limitation, which assesses the degree to which plant reproduction is limited by pollinator services. We found that the majority of our knowledge comes from Western Europe, and thus there is a need for baseline assessments in the traditional landscapes of Eastern Europe. To address this data gap, we quantified plant-pollinator interactions and conducted breeding system and pollen supplementation experiments in a traditionally managed mountain meadow in the Western Romanian Carpathians. We found the Romanian meadow to be highly diverse, with a healthy plant-pollinator network. Despite the presence of many pollinator-dependent plant species, there was no evidence of pollen limitation. Our study is the first to provide baseline information for a healthy meadow at the community level on both plant-pollinator interactions and their relationship with ecosystem function (e.g. plant reproduction) in an Eastern European country. Alongside the baseline data, we also provide recommendations for future research, and the methodological information needed for the continued monitoring and management of Eastern European meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Bennett
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amibeth Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irina Goia
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Reinart Feldmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentin Ştefan
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ana Bogdan
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Demetra Rakosy
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department for Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Vienna, Althanstrasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Beloiu
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biogeography, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Inge-Beatrice Biro
- University of Freiburg, Chair of Environmental Governance, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Bluemel
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße, Bochum, Germany
| | - Milena Filip
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anna-Maria Madaj
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alina Martin
- Nees Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Passonneau
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Denisa P Kalisch
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gwydion Scherer
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology, Barbarastraße, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße, Halle (Saale), Germany
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18
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Zhao Y, Lázaro A, Ren Z, Zhou W, Li H, Tao Z, Xu K, Wu Z, Wolfe LM, Li D, Wang H. The topological differences between visitation and pollen transport networks: a comparison in species rich communities of the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
| | - Amparo Lázaro
- Mediterranean Inst. For Advanced Studies Esporles Spain
| | - Zong‐Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Hai‐Dong Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
| | - Zhi‐Bin Tao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Kun Xu
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Zhi‐Kun Wu
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Lorne M. Wolfe
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
| | - De‐Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
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19
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Ferronato MCF, Giangarelli DC, Mazzaro D, Uemura N, Sofia SH. Orchid Bee (Apidae: Euglossini) Communities in Atlantic Forest Remnants and Restored Areas in Paraná State, Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:352-361. [PMID: 28500473 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compare orchid bee communities surveyed in four forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest and four reforested areas characterized by seasonal semi-deciduous forest vegetation in different successional stages (mature and secondary vegetation), located in southern Brazil. The sizes of forest remnants and reforested areas varied from 32.1 to 583.9 ha and from 11.3 to 33.3 ha, respectively. All reforested areas were located near one forest remnant. During samplings, totaling nine per study area, euglossine males were attracted to eight scent baits and captured with bait trap and entomological nets. Each forest remnant and its respective reforested area were sampled simultaneously by two collectors. We collected 435 males belonging to nine species of orchid bees distributed in four genera. The number of individuals and species did not differ significantly between different areas, except for a reforested area (size 33.3 ha), which was located far from its respective forest remnant. Our findings also revealed an apparent association between an orchid bee species (Euglossa annectans Dressler 1982) and the most preserved area surveyed in our study, suggesting that this bee is a potential indicator of good habitat quality in recuperating or preserved areas. Our results suggest that reforested habitats located near forest remnants have a higher probability of having reinstated their euglossine communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C F Ferronato
- Lab de Genética e Ecologia Animal, Depto de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, CP 10.0111, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brasil
| | - D C Giangarelli
- Lab de Genética e Ecologia Animal, Depto de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, CP 10.0111, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brasil
| | - D Mazzaro
- Lab de Genética e Ecologia Animal, Depto de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, CP 10.0111, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brasil
| | - N Uemura
- Lab de Genética e Ecologia Animal, Depto de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, CP 10.0111, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brasil
| | - S H Sofia
- Lab de Genética e Ecologia Animal, Depto de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, CP 10.0111, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brasil.
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20
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Öckinger E, Winsa M, Roberts SPM, Bommarco R. Mobility and resource use influence the occurrence of pollinating insects in restored seminatural grassland fragments. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Öckinger
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marie Winsa
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AR U.K
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
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21
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Denning KR, Foster BL. Flower visitor communities are similar on remnant and reconstructed tallgrass prairies despite forb community differences. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy R. Denning
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
- Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas 2101 Constant Avenue, Lawrence KS 66047 U.S.A
| | - Bryan L. Foster
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
- Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas 2101 Constant Avenue, Lawrence KS 66047 U.S.A
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22
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Griffin SR, Bruninga-Socolar B, Kerr MA, Gibbs J, Winfree R. Wild bee community change over a 26-year chronosequence of restored tallgrass prairie. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Griffin
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08901 U.S.A
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08901 U.S.A
| | - Bethanne Bruninga-Socolar
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08901 U.S.A
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08901 U.S.A
| | - Morgan A. Kerr
- Department of Biological Sciences; Rowan University; Glassboro NJ 08028 U.S.A
| | - Jason Gibbs
- Department of Entomology; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 U.S.A
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08901 U.S.A
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23
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Ballantyne G, Baldock KCR, Willmer PG. Constructing more informative plant-pollinator networks: visitation and pollen deposition networks in a heathland plant community. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.1130. [PMID: 26336181 PMCID: PMC4571695 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction networks are widely used as tools to understand plant–pollinator communities, and to examine potential threats to plant diversity and food security if the ecosystem service provided by pollinating animals declines. However, most networks to date are based on recording visits to flowers, rather than recording clearly defined effective pollination events. Here we provide the first networks that explicitly incorporate measures of pollinator effectiveness (PE) from pollen deposition on stigmas per visit, and pollinator importance (PI) as the product of PE and visit frequency. These more informative networks, here produced for a low diversity heathland habitat, reveal that plant–pollinator interactions are more specialized than shown in most previous studies. At the studied site, the specialization index was lower for the visitation network than the PE network, which was in turn lower than for the PI network. Our study shows that collecting PE data is feasible for community-level studies in low diversity communities and that including information about PE can change the structure of interaction networks. This could have important consequences for our understanding of threats to pollination systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ballantyne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of St Andrews, Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Katherine C R Baldock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UJ, UK
| | - P G Willmer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of St Andrews, Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
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24
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Declining resilience of ecosystem functions under biodiversity loss. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10122. [PMID: 26646209 PMCID: PMC4686828 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of species communities is changing rapidly through drivers such as habitat loss and climate change, with potentially serious consequences for the resilience of ecosystem functions on which humans depend. To assess such changes in resilience, we analyse trends in the frequency of species in Great Britain that provide key ecosystem functions—specifically decomposition, carbon sequestration, pollination, pest control and cultural values. For 4,424 species over four decades, there have been significant net declines among animal species that provide pollination, pest control and cultural values. Groups providing decomposition and carbon sequestration remain relatively stable, as fewer species are in decline and these are offset by large numbers of new arrivals into Great Britain. While there is general concern about degradation of a wide range of ecosystem functions, our results suggest actions should focus on particular functions for which there is evidence of substantial erosion of their resilience. Global change may affect the resilience of ecosystem functions by altering community composition. Here, Oliver et al. show that in Great Britain since the 1970s there have been significant net declines among animal species that provide key ecosystem functions such as pollination and pest control.
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25
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Traveset A, Chamorro S, Olesen JM, Heleno R. Space, time and aliens: charting the dynamic structure of Galápagos pollination networks. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv068. [PMID: 26104283 PMCID: PMC4522039 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic archipelagos are threatened by the introduction of alien species which can severely disrupt the structure, function and stability of native communities. Here we investigated the pollination interactions in the two most disturbed Galápagos Islands, comparing the three main habitats and the two seasons, and assessing the impacts of alien plant invasions on network structure. We found that the pollination network structure was rather consistent between the two islands, but differed across habitats and seasons. Overall, the arid zone had the largest networks and highest species generalization levels whereas either the transition between habitats or the humid habitat showed lower values. Our data suggest that alien plants integrate easily into the communities, but with low impact on overall network structure, except for an increase in network selectiveness. The humid zone showed the highest nestedness and the lowest modularity, which might be explained by the low species diversity and the higher incidence of alien plants in this habitat. Both pollinators and plants were also more generalized in the hot season, when networks showed to be more nested. Alien species (both plants and pollinators) represented a high fraction (∼56 %) of the total number of interactions in the networks. It is thus likely that, in spite of the overall weak effect we found of alien plant invasion on pollination network structure, these introduced species influence the reproductive success of native ones, and by doing so, they affect the functioning of the community. This certainly deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Traveset
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC-Global), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, 07190-Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Susana Chamorro
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC-Global), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, 07190-Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain Present address: Universidad Internacional SEK, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Calle Alberto Einstein y 5ta transversal, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jens M Olesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Juan-Baeza I, Martínez-Garza C, del-Val E. Recovering more than tree cover: herbivores and herbivory in a restored tropical dry forest. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128583. [PMID: 26030756 PMCID: PMC4452621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense and chronic disturbance may arrest natural succession, reduce environmental quality and lead to ecological interaction losses. Where natural succession does not occur, ecological restoration aims to accelerate this process. While plant establishment and diversity is promoted by restoration, few studies have evaluated the effect of restoration activities on ecological processes and animal diversity. This study assessed herbivory and lepidopteran diversity associated with two pioneer tree species growing in 4-year-old experimental restoration plots in a tropical dry forest at Sierra de Huautla, in Morelos, Mexico. The study was carried out during the rainy season of 2010 (July-October) in eleven 50 x 50 m plots in three different habitats: cattle-excluded, cattle-excluded with restoration plantings, and cattle grazing plots. At the beginning of the rainy season, 10 juveniles of Heliocarpus pallidus (Malvaceae) and Ipomoea pauciflora (Convolvulaceae) were selected in each plot (N = 110 trees). Herbivory was measured in 10 leaves per plant at the end of the rainy season. To evaluate richness and abundance of lepidopteran larvae, all plants were surveyed monthly. Herbivory was similar among habitats and I. pauciflora showed a higher percentage of herbivory. A total of 868 lepidopteran larvae from 65 morphospecies were recorded. The family with the highest number of morphospecies (9 sp.) was Geometridae, while the most abundant family was Saturnidae, with 427 individuals. Lepidopteran richness and abundance were significantly higher in H. pallidus than in I. pauciflora. Lepidopteran richness was significantly higher in the cattle-excluded plots, while abundance was significantly higher in the non-excluded plots. After four years of cattle exclusion and the establishment of plantings, lepidopteran richness increased 20 –fold in the excluded plots compared to the disturbed areas, whereas herbivory levels were equally high in both restored and disturbed sites. Restoration with plantings and exclusion of cattle and plantings was shown to be a successful strategy for attracting lepidopterans and cattle exclusion was the main factor explaining lepidopteran diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Juan-Baeza
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62209, México
| | - Cristina Martínez-Garza
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62209, México
| | - Ek del-Val
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, C.P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- * E-mail:
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Montero-Castaño A, Vilà M, Ortiz-Sánchez FJ. Pollination ecology of a plant in its native and introduced areas. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Breeze TD, Bailey AP, Balcombe KG, Potts SG. Costing conservation: an expert appraisal of the pollinator habitat benefits of England's entry level stewardship. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2014; 23:1193-1214. [PMID: 24719520 PMCID: PMC3970849 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-014-0660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollination services provided by insects play a key role in English crop production and wider ecology. Despite growing evidence of the negative effects of habitat loss on pollinator populations, limited policy support is available to reverse this pressure. One measure that may provide beneficial habitat to pollinators is England's entry level stewardship agri-environment scheme. This study uses a novel expert survey to develop weights for a range of models which adjust the balance of Entry Level Stewardship options within the current area of spending. The annual costs of establishing and maintaining these option compositions were estimated at £59.3-£12.4 M above current expenditure. Although this produced substantial reduction in private cost:benefit ratios, the benefits of the scheme to pollinator habitat rose by 7-140 %; significantly increasing the public cost:benefit ratio. This study demonstrates that the scheme has significant untapped potential to provide good quality habitat for pollinators across England, even within existing expenditure. The findings should open debate on the costs and benefits of specific entry level stewardship management options and how these can be enhanced to benefit both participants and biodiversity more equitably.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. D. Breeze
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - A. P. Bailey
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - K. G. Balcombe
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - S. G. Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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29
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Hernández Y, Boege K, Lindig-Cisneros R, del-Val E. Lepidopteran herbivory in restored and successional sites in a tropical dry forest. SOUTHWEST NAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1894/f09-jc-67.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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LaBar T, Campbell C, Yang S, Albert R, Shea K. Restoration of plant–pollinator interaction networks via species translocation. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-013-0211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tur C, Vigalondo B, Trøjelsgaard K, Olesen JM, Traveset A. Downscaling pollen-transport networks to the level of individuals. J Anim Ecol 2013; 83:306-17. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tur
- IMEDEA- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB); Miquel Marqués 21 07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
| | - Beatriz Vigalondo
- IMEDEA- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB); Miquel Marqués 21 07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
| | - Kristian Trøjelsgaard
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Anna Traveset
- IMEDEA- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB); Miquel Marqués 21 07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
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Burkle LA, Knight TM. Shifts in pollinator composition and behavior cause slow interaction accumulation with area in plant-pollinator networks. Ecology 2013; 93:2329-35. [PMID: 23236904 DOI: 10.1890/12-0367.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although ecologists have a solid understanding of the positive species-area relationship, little is known about how and why variation in habitat area influences the richness, structure, and function of species interaction networks. To address this, we investigated plant-pollinator interaction networks of the herbaceous rocky outcrop communities in Ozark glades (Missouri, USA) of different areas. We quantified the degree to which the increase in the number of species interactions with area differed from a null model based on sampling, where numbers of individuals increase with area. Although plant-pollinator interactions were expected to increase more steeply with area than species richness as a result of sampling, the observed rate of increase was considerably lower than expected. Two mechanisms could lead to this pattern: a higher proportion of specialist species in larger glades or generalist pollinators becoming more selective in their diets in larger glades. We found support for the former hypothesis, and those changes in species composition were strong enough to outweigh behavioral changes in the opposite direction; generalist pollinators were more selective in smaller glades. If these results are general, larger habitats may be needed to conserve interactions than would be thought based on species accumulation curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Burkle
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 USA.
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Tarrant S, Ollerton J, Rahman ML, Tarrant J, McCollin D. Grassland Restoration on Landfill Sites in the East Midlands, United Kingdom: An Evaluation of Floral Resources and Pollinating Insects. Restor Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2012.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Ollerton
- Landscape and Biodiversity Research Group; School of Science and Technology, The University of Northampton, Avenue Campus; Northampton; NN2 6JD; U.K
| | - Md Lutfor Rahman
- Landscape and Biodiversity Research Group; School of Science and Technology, The University of Northampton, Avenue Campus; Northampton; NN2 6JD; U.K
| | - Joanna Tarrant
- Landscape and Biodiversity Research Group; School of Science and Technology, The University of Northampton, Avenue Campus; Northampton; NN2 6JD; U.K
| | - Duncan McCollin
- Landscape and Biodiversity Research Group; School of Science and Technology, The University of Northampton, Avenue Campus; Northampton; NN2 6JD; U.K
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GIBB H. Effects of planting method on the recovery of arboreal ant activity on revegetated farmland. AUSTRAL ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fiedler AK, Landis DA, Arduser M. Rapid Shift in Pollinator Communities Following Invasive Species Removal. Restor Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Baldock KCR, Memmott J, Ruiz-Guajardo JC, Roze D, Stone GN. Daily temporal structure in African savanna flower visitation networks and consequences for network sampling. Ecology 2011; 92:687-98. [DOI: 10.1890/10-1110.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Williams NM. Restoration of Nontarget Species: Bee Communities and Pollination Function in Riparian Forests. Restor Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2010.00707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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García-Robledo C. Restoration of Plant-Pollinator Interactions: Pollination Neighborhood and Asymmetric Pollen Flow Between Restored Habitats in a Beetle-Pollinated Aroid. Restor Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2010.00677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alarcón R. Congruence between visitation and pollen-transport networks in a California plantâpollinator community. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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ASCHERO VALERIA, VÃZQUEZ DIEGOP. Habitat protection, cattle grazing and density-dependent reproduction in a desert tree. AUSTRAL ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.01997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Woodcock BA, Potts SG, Tscheulin T, Pilgrim E, Ramsey AJ, Harrison-Cripps J, Brown VK, Tallowin JR. Responses of invertebrate trophic level, feeding guild and body size to the management of improved grassland field margins. J Appl Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Pollination services underpin sustainability of restored ecosystems. Yet, outside of agri-environments, effective restoration of pollinator services in ecological restoration has received little attention. This deficiency in the knowledge needed to restore pollinator capability represents a major liability in restoration programs, particularly in regions where specialist invertebrate and vertebrate pollinators exist, such as global biodiversity hotspots. When compounded with the likely negative impacts of climate change on pollination services, the need to understand and manage pollinator services in restoration becomes paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley W. Dixon
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009 Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth 6005, Western Australia, Australia. E-mail:
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Forup ML, Henson KSE, Craze PG, Memmott J. The restoration of ecological interactions: plant-pollinator networks on ancient and restored heathlands. J Appl Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lopezaraiza-Mikel ME, Hayes RB, Whalley MR, Memmott J. The impact of an alien plant on a native plant–pollinator network: an experimental approach. Ecol Lett 2007; 10:539-50. [PMID: 17542933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies of pairwise interactions have shown that an alien plant can affect the pollination of a native plant, this effect being mediated by shared pollinators. Here we use a manipulative field experiment, to investigate the impact of the alien plant Impatiens glandulifera on an entire community of coflowering native plants. Visitation and pollen transport networks were constructed to compare replicated I. glandulifera invaded and I. glandulifera removal plots. Invaded plots had significantly higher visitor species richness, visitor abundance and flower visitation. However, the pollen transport networks were dominated by alien pollen grains in the invaded plots and consequently higher visitation may not translate in facilitation for pollination. The more generalized insects were more likely to visit the alien plant, and Hymenoptera and Hemiptera were more likely to visit the alien than Coleoptera. Our data indicate that generalized native pollinators can provide a pathway of integration for alien plants into native visitation systems.
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45
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Watts CH, Didham RK. Influences of Habitat Isolation on Invertebrate Colonization of Sporadanthus ferrugineus in a Mined Peat Bog. Restor Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2006.00149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Watts CH, Didham RK. Rapid recovery of an insect–plant interaction following habitat loss and experimental wetland restoration. Oecologia 2006; 148:61-9. [PMID: 16429311 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of wetland habitat loss and isolation on an insect-plant interaction, and the subsequent rate of recovery of the interaction following experimental habitat restoration. We compared herbivore colonisation rates and herbivory damage by 'Batrachedra' sp. (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) on experimentally placed potted Sporadanthus ferrugineus (Restionaceae) plants at increasing distances (up to 800 m) from an intact habitat (the source population). These tests showed that even a moderate degree of isolation (i.e. greater than 400 m) from the intact wetland habitat caused an almost complete collapse of the insect-plant interaction, at least in the short term. The number of eggs and larvae of colonising 'Batrachedra' sp., as well as average larval size and the proportion of S. ferrugineus stems damaged, all decreased logarithmically with increasing distance from the intact habitat, presumably due to dispersal limitation of the herbivore. Subsequently, to test whether the interaction can recover following habitat restoration, we surveyed herbivore colonisation rates and herbivory damage on naturally regenerated S. ferrugineus plants on experimentally restored 'islands' at increasing distances (up to 800 m) from an intact habitat. The rate of recovery of the interaction was surprisingly rapid (i.e. between 196 and 308 weeks). The degree of difference in the density of eggs and larvae, and in the proportion of stems damaged with increasing isolation from the intact wetland, gradually diminished over 196 weeks. After 308 weeks there was no significant difference in the insect-plant interaction between the intact wetland sites and any of the experimentally restored sites up to 800 m away. These results suggest that some insect-plant interactions can recover rapidly from habitat loss with restoration management.
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