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Rao R, Hershey AD. An update on acute and preventive treatments for migraine in children and adolescents. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:1017-1027. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1797493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rao
- Division of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children’s Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Andrew D. Hershey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Neurology; University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Slavin M, Li HA, Frankenfeld C, Cheskin LJ. What is Needed for Evidence-Based Dietary Recommendations for Migraine: A Call to Action for Nutrition and Microbiome Research. Headache 2020; 59:1566-1581. [PMID: 31603554 DOI: 10.1111/head.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal symptoms of migraine attacks have invited numerous dietary hypotheses for migraine etiology through the centuries. Substantial efforts have been dedicated to identifying dietary interventions for migraine attack prevention, with limited success. Meanwhile, mounting evidence suggests that the reverse relationship may also exist - that the biological mechanisms of migraine may influence dietary intake. More likely, the truth involves some combination of both, where the disease influences food intake, and the foods eaten impact the manifestations of the disease. In addition, the gut's microbiota is increasingly suspected to influence the migraine brain via the gut-brain axis, though these hypotheses remain largely unsubstantiated. OBJECTIVE This paper presents an overview of the strength of existing evidence for food-based dietary interventions for migraine, noting that there is frequently evidence to suggest that a dietary risk factor for migraine exists but no evidence for how to best intervene; in fact, our intuitive assumptions on interventions are being challenged with new evidence. We then look to the future for promising avenues of research, notably the gut microbiome. CONCLUSION The evidence supports a call to action for high-quality dietary and microbiome research in migraine, both to substantiate hypothesized relationships and build the evidence base regarding nutrition's potential impact on migraine attack prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Slavin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Huilun Amber Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Cara Frankenfeld
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Lawrence J Cheskin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Towers AE, Oelschlager ML, Juda MB, Jain S, Gainey SJ, Freund GG. HFD refeeding in mice after fasting impairs learning by activating caspase-1 in the brain. Metabolism 2020; 102:153989. [PMID: 31697963 PMCID: PMC6906226 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets that include some aspect of fasting have dramatically increased in popularity. In addition, fasting reduces inflammasome activity in the brain while improving learning. Here, we examine the impact of refeeding a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) after fasting. METHODS Male wildtype (WT), caspase-1 knockout (KO) and/or IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) KO mice were fasted for 24 h or allowed ad libitum access to food (chow). Immediately after fasting, mice were allowed to refeed for 2 h in the presence of LFD, HFD or chow. Mouse learning was examined using novel object recognition (NOR) and novel location recognition (NLR). Caspase-1 activity was quantified in the brain using histochemistry (HC) and image analysis. RESULTS Refeeding with a HFD but not a LFD or chow fully impaired both NOR and NLR. Likewise, HFD when compared to LFD refeeding increased caspase-1 activity in the whole amygdala and, particularly, in the posterior basolateral nuclei (BLp) by 2.5-fold and 4.6-fold, respectively. When caspase-1 KO or IL-1R1 KO mice were examined, learning impairment secondary to HFD refeeding did not occur. Equally, administration of n-acetylcysteine to fasted WT mice prevented HFD-dependent learning impairment and caspase-1 activation in the BLp. Finally, the free-fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) antagonist, DC260126, mitigated learning impairment associated with HFD refeeding while blocking caspase-1 activation in the BLp. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a HFD after fasting impairs learning by a mechanism that is dependent on caspase-1 and the IL-1R1 receptor. These consequences of a HFD refeeding on the BLP of the amygdala appear linked to oxidative stress and FFAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Towers
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Michal B Juda
- Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sparsh Jain
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen J Gainey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gregory G Freund
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides the practicing neurologist with a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of headache in children and adolescents, with a focus on migraine. RECENT FINDINGS Four triptans are now labeled by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for acute migraine treatment in adolescents, and rizatriptan is labeled for use in children age 6 and older. For preventive migraine treatment, the Childhood and Adolescent Migraine Prevention trial demonstrated that approximately 60% of children and adolescents with migraine will improve with a three-pronged treatment approach that includes: (1) lifestyle management counseling (on sleep, exercise, hydration, caffeine, and avoidance of meal skipping); (2) optimally dosed acute therapy, specifically nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and triptans; and (3) a preventive treatment that has some evidence for efficacy. For the remaining 40% of children and adolescents, and for those who would not have qualified for the Childhood and Adolescent Migraine Prevention trial because of having continuous headache or medication-overuse headache, the clinician's judgment remains the best guide to preventive therapy selection. SUMMARY Randomized placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to guide first-line acute and preventive migraine treatments in children and adolescents. Future research is needed to guide treatment for those with more refractory migraine, as well as for children and adolescents who have other primary headache disorders.
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Grewal P, Smith JH. When Headache Warns of Homeostatic Threat: the Metabolic Headaches. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2017; 17:1. [PMID: 28097510 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-017-0714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parneet Grewal
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, L445, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jonathan H Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, L445, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Gelfand AA, Gallagher RC. Cyclic vomiting syndrome versus inborn errors of metabolism: A review with clinical recommendations. Headache 2016; 56:215-21. [PMID: 26678622 PMCID: PMC4728152 DOI: 10.1111/head.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inborn errors of metabolism are on the differential for patients presenting with a cyclic vomiting syndrome phenotype. Classes of disorders to consider include: mitochondrial disorders, fatty acid oxidation disorders, urea cycle defects, organic acidurias, and acute intermittent porphyria. AIM This article reviews the metabolic differential diagnosis and approach to screening for inborn errors in children and adults presenting with a cyclic or recurrent vomiting phenotype. CONCLUSION Cyclic vomiting syndrome is thought to be an episodic syndrome that may be associated with migraine. It is a diagnosis of exclusion. Inborn errors of metabolism should be considered in the patient presenting with a recurrent vomiting phenotype. Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in cyclic vomiting syndrome, and true mitochondrial disorders can present with a true cyclic vomiting phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Gelfand
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Drescher MJ, Wimpfheimer Z, Abu Khalef S, Gammaitoni A, Shehadeh N, Torgovicky R. Prophylactic etoricoxib is effective in preventing "first of Ramadan" headache: a placebo-controlled double-blind and randomized trial of prophylactic etoricoxib for ritual fasting headache. Headache 2011; 52:573-81. [PMID: 21848948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Religious fasting is associated with headache. This has been documented as "Yom Kippur headache" and "first of Ramadan headache." Etoricoxib, a Cox-2 inhibitor with a 22-hour half-life, has been shown effective in preventing fasting headache when taken just prior to the 25-hour Yom Kippur fast. We hypothesized that etoricoxib would also be effective in preventing headache during Ramadan, despite the different characteristics of the fast. METHODS We performed a double-blind randomized prospective crossover trial of etoricoxib 90mg vs placebo, taken just prior to the onset of fasting, during the first 2 weeks of Ramadan 2010. Healthy adults aged 18-65 years were enrolled. Demographics, headache history and a daily post-fast survey were collected. We compared incidence, time of onset, and intensity of headache on each day and side effects in control and treatment groups. RESULTS We enrolled 222 patients and 189 completed the post-fast questionnaire (87%). Etoricoxib reduced the incidence of "first of Ramadan" headache by 54% (46% in placebo group [n=92] vs 21% [n=96] in etoricoxib group) (P<.0001, OR 3.19 [95% CI 1.68-6.06]). For days 1-6, the mean number of headache days for the placebo group was 1.60 (n=92) and for the treatment group the mean was 0.86 (n=99) headache days (P=.003). Median severity of headache in the treatment group was significantly lower. In the second week, there was no significant difference in incidence of headache between groups, and the incidence of headache in the placebo group dropped markedly over time. CONCLUSION Etoricoxib 90mg taken prior to a 15-hour ritual fast decreases incidence of and attenuates headache during the first 5 days of the month of Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Drescher
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Hartford Hospital/University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT 06119, USA.
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Tfelt-Hansen PC. CONSORT recommendations in abstracts of randomised, controlled trials on migraine and headache. J Headache Pain 2011; 12:505-10. [PMID: 21710311 PMCID: PMC3173641 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-011-0361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A CONSORT statement on the content of abstracts of randomised, controlled trials (RCTs) was published in 2008. I therefore reviewed the abstracts from 2009 to 2010 published on RCTs in Cephalalgia, Headache and other (non-headache) journals. The following items were reviewed: number of patients, reporting of response either in percentages or absolute values, the use of p values, and effect size with its precision. The latter was recommended in the CONSORT statement. A total of 46 abstracts were reviewed and effect size with 95% confidence intervals was only reported in seven abstracts. The influence of the CONSORT statement on reporting in abstracts has so far only had a limited influence on the headache literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Carsten Tfelt-Hansen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
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Donat J. The Headache of the Day of Awe-No More? Headache 2011; 51:309-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Latsko M, Silberstein S, Rosen N. Frovatriptan as preemptive treatment for fasting-induced migraine. Headache 2011; 51:369-374. [PMID: 21269298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine frovatriptan's efficacy as preemptive treatment for fasting-induced migraine. BACKGROUND Fasting is a common migraine trigger that cannot always be avoided. The development of a short-term preemptive approach would be of benefit. Because of its longer half-life, frovatriptan has been effectively used for short-term daily use to prevent menstrually related migraines and might prove useful in the prevention of fasting-induced migraine. METHODS This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group trial. SUBJECTS With a history of fasting-induced episodic migraine were randomly assigned to receive either frovatriptan (5.0 mg) or placebo (ratio 1:1). SUBJECTS Took a single dose of study medication at the start of their 20-hour fast. Information about headache intensity, associated symptoms, and use of rescue medication was captured at defined time points from the start of the fast through 20 hours post-fast. RESULTS Of the 75 subjects screened, 74 subjects were randomized and 71 subjects completed the study. Demographic characteristics of the placebo and frovatriptan treatment groups were not statistically different. Thirty-three subjects received active drug. Twelve (36.4%) developed a headache between 6 and 20 hours after the start of the fast (1/33 mild, 11/33 moderate or severe). In the placebo group, 18/34 (52.9%) developed a headache (4/34 mild, 14/34 moderate or severe). The difference between the 2 treatment groups did not achieve statistical significance; Pearson chi-square, P = .172. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no difference between the 2 treatment groups with respect to the time of onset of headache of any intensity (log rank, P = .264) and for the time of onset of a moderate or severe intensity (log rank, P = .634). CONCLUSION More subjects on placebo developed a headache than those on frovatriptan. Perhaps because of the small number of subjects involved, the differences in headache incidences observed did not achieve statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Latsko
- From the Thomas Jefferson University-Neurology/Headache, Jefferson Headache Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA (M. Latsko and S. Silberstein); Albert Einstein University-Neurology/Headache, New York, NY, USA (N. Rosen)
| | - Stephen Silberstein
- From the Thomas Jefferson University-Neurology/Headache, Jefferson Headache Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA (M. Latsko and S. Silberstein); Albert Einstein University-Neurology/Headache, New York, NY, USA (N. Rosen)
| | - Noah Rosen
- From the Thomas Jefferson University-Neurology/Headache, Jefferson Headache Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA (M. Latsko and S. Silberstein); Albert Einstein University-Neurology/Headache, New York, NY, USA (N. Rosen)
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