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Bright Y, Maas DA, Verheij MM, Paladini MS, Amatdjais-Groenen HI, Molteni R, Riva MA, Martens GJ, Homberg JR. The Natural Protoalkaloid Methyl-2-Amino-3-Methoxybenzoate (MAM) Alleviates Positive as well as Cognitive Symptoms in Rat and Mouse Schizophrenia Models. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:323-338. [PMID: 37475559 PMCID: PMC10788887 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230720122354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new antipsychotics with pro-cognitive properties and less side effects represents a priority in schizophrenia drug research. In this study, we present for the first time a preclinical exploration of the effects of the promising natural atypical antipsychotic Methyl-2-Amino-3- Methoxybenzoate (MAM), a brain-penetrable protoalkaloid from the seed of the plant Nigella damascena. Using animal models related to hyperdopaminergic activity, namely the pharmacogenetic apomorphine (D2/D1 receptor agonist)-susceptible (APO-SUS) rat model and pharmacologically induced mouse and rat models of schizophrenia, we found that MAM reduced gnawing stereotypy and climbing behaviours induced by dopaminergic agents. This predicts antipsychotic activity. In line, MAM antagonized apomorphine-induced c-Fos and NPAS4 mRNA levels in post-mortem brain nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum of APO-SUS rats. Furthermore, phencyclidine (PCP, an NMDA receptor antagonist) and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI, a 5HT2A/2C receptor agonist) induced prepulse inhibition deficits, reflecting the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, which were rescued by treatment with MAM and atypical antipsychotics alike. Post-mortem brain immunostaining revealed that MAM blocked the strong activation of both PCP- and DOI-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in a number of cortical areas. Finally, during a 28-day subchronic treatment regime, MAM did not induce weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia or hepato- and nephrotoxic effects, side effects known to be induced by atypical antipsychotics. MAM also did not show any cataleptic effects. In conclusion, its brain penetrability, the apparent absence of preclinical side effects, and its ability to antagonize positive and cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia make MAM an exciting new antipsychotic drug that deserves clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yami Bright
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien A. Maas
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel M.M. Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria S. Paladini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Altos Labs Bay Area Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A. Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gerard J.M. Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Stefaniak M, Olszewska B. 1,5-Benzoxazepines as a unique and potent scaffold for activity drugs: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100224. [PMID: 34368985 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazepines constitute a huge number of organic compounds widely described in the literature. Many of them are distinguished by their biological properties. Among them, our attention was drawn to 1,5-benzoxazepine derivatives due to their interesting pharmacological properties. As is reported in the literature, these compounds are not only good building blocks in organic synthesis but also have interesting biological and pharmacological properties. This article is the first review publication to describe the synthesis methods and unique properties of 1,5-benzoxazepines. Literature reports widely describe the biological properties of 1,5-benzoxazepine, like anticancer, antibacterial, or antifungal activities. 1,5-Benzoxazepine derivatives can also interact with G-protein-coupled receptors and could be incorporated into new potential drugs, among others, in treating neuronal disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stefaniak
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Olszewska
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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3
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Andrade YCP, Ropke J, Viana TG, Fanelli C, Minaldi E, Batista LA, Issy AC, Del Bel EA, Rodrigues LCM, Liégeois JF, Moreira FA. Effects of JL13, a pyridobenzoxazepine compound, in dopaminergic and glutamatergic models of antipsychotic activity. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:2-8. [PMID: 33399294 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The pyridobenzoxazepine compound, 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloro-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine (JL13), has been developed as a potential antipsychotic drug. We tested the hypothesis that JL13 is efficacious in both dopaminergic and glutamatergic animal models of schizophrenia. We investigated JL13 for its efficacy to prevent cocaine- and ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion and MK-801-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex. Male Swiss mice received injections of JL13 (0.1-10 mg/kg) and were tested in the open field for basal locomotion. In separate experiments, the animals received injections of JL13 (0.1-3 mg/kg) followed by cocaine (10 mg/kg), ketamine (60 mg/kg), or MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) and were tested in the open field for hyperlocomotion. In addition, it was also tested if JL13 prevented MK-801-induced disruption of PPI. Only the highest dose of JL13 impaired spontaneous locomotion, suggesting its favorable profile regarding motor side effects. At doses that did not impair basal motor activity, JL13 prevented cocaine-, ketamine-, and MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion. Moreover, JL13 prevented MK-801-induced disruption of PPI. Extending previous findings, this study shows that JL13 exerts antipsychotic-like activity in both dopaminergic and glutamatergic models. This compound has a favorable pharmacological profile, similar to second-generation antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jivago Ropke
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences
| | - Thércia G Viana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences
| | - Chiara Fanelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences
| | - Elisa Minaldi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences
| | - Luara A Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - Ana C Issy
- Departament of Morphology, Estomatology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- Departament of Morphology, Estomatology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto
| | - Lívia C M Rodrigues
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jean-François Liégeois
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Mirhosseini‐Eshkevari B, Zamani F, Ghasemzadeh MA. Environmentally Benign One‐pot Synthesis of Benzo‐Fused Seven‐Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Using UiO‐66 Metal‐Organic Framework as Efficient and Reusable Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzad Zamani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) Osaka University Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047 Japan
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5
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Ghandi M, Zarezadeh N, Abbasi A. One-pot tandem Ugi-4CR/ $$\hbox {S}_{N}$$ S N Ar approach to highly functionalized quino[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepines. Mol Divers 2015; 20:483-95. [PMID: 26703123 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghandi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155 6455, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nahid Zarezadeh
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155 6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155 6455, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Shen C, Wu XF. Base-regulated tunable synthesis of pyridobenzoxazepinones and pyridobenzoxazines. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00798d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A base-regulated one-pot protocol for the tunable synthesis of pyridobenzoxazepinones and pyridobenzoxazines has been developed. Pyridobenzoxazepinones and pyridobenzoxazines were produced in good yields selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoren Shen
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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7
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8
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Chronic cannabinoid exposure reduces phencyclidine-induced schizophrenia-like positive symptoms in adult rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 225:531-42. [PMID: 22903392 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic cannabis use can induce psychotic states that resemble schizophrenia. Yet, schizophrenic patients often smoke cannabis as a form of self-medication to counter the aversive symptoms of schizophrenia. We recently demonstrated an ameliorating effect of cannabinoid self-administration (SA) on negative and cognitive schizophrenia-like symptoms induced experimentally by the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP). Whether cannabinoid SA alleviates or exacerbates schizophrenia-like positive symptoms is still unclear. OBJECTIVES This follow-up study aimed to evaluate the effect of self-administered cannabinoid on PCP-induced schizotypic positive symptoms in adult rats. METHODS Male rats were trained to self-administer either the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN; 12.5 μg/kg/infusion) or its vehicle (Veh) intravenously. The effects of acute and chronic intermittent intraperitoneal administration of PCP (2.5 mg/kg) on motor parameters were then tested in Veh-SA and WIN-SA. RESULTS Cannabinoid SA significantly attenuated the psychotomimetic effects of PCP exposure observed in control rats. Following acute PCP administration, WIN-SA animals displayed more frequent rearing and lower anxiety-like profile than Veh-SA rats. WIN-SA rats also exhibited lower behavioural sensitisation to chronic PCP treatment as demonstrated by reduced hyperlocomotion in response to an acute PCP challenge. In addition, parallel experiments performed in experimenter-administered rats that received WIN at comparable SA doses confirmed the ameliorating effects of cannabinoid exposure on PCP-induced schizotypic behaviours, indicating that motivational effects were not responsible for the ameliorative effects of cannabinoids. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that cannabis may exert protective effects on positive schizotypic symptoms in adult animals such as hypermotility and anxiety state.
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9
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Liégeois JF, Deville M, Dilly S, Lamy C, Mangin F, Résimont M, Tarazi FI. New Pyridobenzoxazepine Derivatives Derived from 5-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloro-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine (JL13): Chemical Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1572-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2013419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Liégeois
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry,
Drug Research Center, University of Liège, avenue de l’Hôpital 1 (B36), B-4000 Liège
1, Belgium
| | - Marine Deville
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry,
Drug Research Center, University of Liège, avenue de l’Hôpital 1 (B36), B-4000 Liège
1, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Dilly
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry,
Drug Research Center, University of Liège, avenue de l’Hôpital 1 (B36), B-4000 Liège
1, Belgium
| | - Cédric Lamy
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry,
Drug Research Center, University of Liège, avenue de l’Hôpital 1 (B36), B-4000 Liège
1, Belgium
| | - Floriane Mangin
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry,
Drug Research Center, University of Liège, avenue de l’Hôpital 1 (B36), B-4000 Liège
1, Belgium
| | - Mélissa Résimont
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry,
Drug Research Center, University of Liège, avenue de l’Hôpital 1 (B36), B-4000 Liège
1, Belgium
| | - Frank I. Tarazi
- Department of
Psychiatry and
Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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10
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Thansandote P, Chong E, Feldmann KO, Lautens M. Palladium-Catalyzed Domino C−C/C−N Coupling Using a Norbornene Template: Synthesis of Substituted Benzomorpholines, Phenoxazines, and Dihydrodibenzoxazepines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3495-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100408p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praew Thansandote
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Eugene Chong
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Kai-Oliver Feldmann
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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11
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Capuano B, Crosby IT, McRobb FM, Taylor DA, Vom A, Blessing WW. JL13 has clozapine-like actions on thermoregulatory cutaneous blood flow in rats: Involvement of serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mechanisms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:136-42. [PMID: 19878703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is an effective atypical antipsychotic agent, with serious side effects. JL13 [5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine] is a potential new atypical antipsychotic, structurally modified from clozapine to resist oxidation so as to reduce haematological and cardiological side effects. To assess the potential clinical potency of JL13 we tested its action in a newly described animal model based on the ability of clozapine-like agents to affect brain mechanisms controlling sympathetic outflow to thermoregulatory cutaneous vascular beds. We determined whether JL13 has clozapine-like inhibitory actions on alerting-induced falls in tail artery blood flow (sympathetic cutaneous vasomotor alerting responses, SCVARs) in rats, and whether actions on dopamine D(2), and/or 5-HT(1A) receptors are involved in these effects of JL13. The tail artery Doppler flow signal was recorded in conscious freely moving Sprague-Dawley rats before and after alerting stimuli (e.g. cage tap). The percentage fall in flow in response to an alerting stimulus was quantified as a SCVAR index (fall to zero flow implies SCVAR index of 100%, no fall implies 0%). We used pre-treatment with spiperone and WAY100635, before JL13, to assess the role of D(2) and 5-HT(1A) receptors. In addition, the role of 5-HT(2A) receptors in the action of JL13 was assessed by determining whether JL13 prevented and reversed the CNS-mediated tail artery vasoconstricting actions of DOI ((+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane), an agonist at 5-HT(2A) receptors. JL13 (0.0625-5.0mg/kg s.c.) dose-dependently inhibited SCVARs, less potently than clozapine. WAY100635 but not spiperone reduced the inhibition. JL13 prevented and reversed DOI-induced vasoconstriction. Thus JL13 has clozapine-like actions on thermoregulatory cutaneous blood flow, but the drug is 5 times less potent than clozapine. Stimulation of 5-HT(1A) and blockade of 5-HT(2A) receptors may contribute to the effects, but dopamine D(2) receptors are apparently not involved in the action of JL13.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Tarazi FI, Moran-Gates T, Gardner MP, Graulich A, Lamy C, Liégeois JF. Long-term Effects of JL 13, a Potential Atypical Antipsychotic, on Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors. J Mol Neurosci 2007; 32:192-8. [PMID: 17873364 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-007-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Changes in ionotropic glutamate (Glu) N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA), and 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors in rat forebrain regions were autoradiographically quantified after continuous infusion of JL 13 [(5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloro-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine fumarate] for 28 days using osmotic minipumps, and compared to the effects of representative typical (haloperidol) and atypical (clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone) antipsychotic drugs from previous studies. Similar to other atypical and not typical antipsychotics, JL 13 decreased labeling of NMDA receptors in medial and lateral caudate-putamen (CPu; by 40%). These findings indicate that down-regulation of NMDA receptors by JL 13 and other atypical antipsychotic agents in CPu may contribute to their low risk of extrapyramidal side effects. In addition, and similar to olanzapine and risperidone, JL 13 increased AMPA receptor binding in CPu (by 42%). Changes in AMPA receptors may contribute to psychopharmacological properties of JL 13 and other atypical agents. Similar to clozapine, JL 13 did not alter levels of NMDA and AMPA receptors in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Long-term effects of JL 13 on ionotropic Glu receptors, as well as on other dopamine and serotonin receptors, support the atypical antipsychotic profile of this novel agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank I Tarazi
- Mailman Research Center, McLean Division of Massachusetts General Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
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13
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Pathak VN, Gupta R, Tiwari R, Gupta R, Sareen V, Varshney B. Synthesis of Some Novel 2,3,4,8,9‐Pentahydro‐7‐(4‐haloaryl)‐pyrazolo[5,1‐e]benzo[1,5]oxazocines and 2,3(erythro), 7,8‐Tetrahydro‐2‐aryl‐3‐(4‐fluoro‐3‐methylbenzoyl)‐6‐(4‐haloaryl)pyrazolo[5,1‐d] Benzo[1,4]oxazepines via Solid–Liquid PTC. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910601163927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijai N. Pathak
- a Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur, India
| | - Ragini Gupta
- b Department of Chemistry , Malaviya National Institute of Technology , Jaipur, India
| | - Ranjana Tiwari
- a Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur, India
| | - Rekha Gupta
- a Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur, India
| | - Vineeta Sareen
- a Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur, India
| | - Bindu Varshney
- a Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur, India
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Goudie AJ, Cole JC, Sumnall HR. Olanzapine and JL13 induce cross-tolerance to the clozapine discriminative stimulus in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2007; 18:9-17. [PMID: 17218793 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e328014138d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that chronic treatment with clozapine induces tolerance to the clozapine discriminative stimulus in rats. The studies reported here extended this work to assess whether chronic treatment with the clozapine-like antipsychotics olanzapine and 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloro-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5] benzoxazepine fumarate (JL13) induced cross-tolerance to clozapine. Two groups of rats were trained to discriminate clozapine (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Training was suspended and the rats were treated with either olanzapine or JL13 at high doses (5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively). These doses were administered twice daily. The clozapine generalization curve was computed three times - before chronic drug treatment, after 10 days of chronic treatment, and after 16 drug-free days. Both olanzapine and JL13 induced cross-tolerance to the clozapine stimulus, shown by significant 3.4 and 3.9 fold parallel shifts to the right in the clozapine generalization curves. Cross-tolerance was lost spontaneously during the drug-free days after treatment as clozapine sensitivity returned to baseline. We interpret these findings as indicative of the development of pharmacodynamic cross-tolerance to clozapine. Possible neuroadaptive mechanisms involved in such cross-tolerance are discussed. The paradigm outlined here allows refinement of antipsychotic drug discrimination assays to identify common chronic effects of such drugs.
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15
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Carato P, Graulich A, Jensen N, Roth BL, Liégeois JF. Synthesis and in vitro binding studies of substituted piperidine naphthamides. Part I: Influence of the substitution on the basic nitrogen and the position of the amide on the affinity for D2L, D4.2, and 5-HT2A receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1565-9. [PMID: 17254782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1- and 2-naphthamides has been prepared and tested for in vitro binding to D(2L), D(4.2), and 5-HT(2A) receptors. Different compounds display selectivity for D(4.2) and 5-HT(2A) receptors versus D(2L) receptors. N-(1-Arylalkyl-piperidin-4-yl) carboxamides have higher affinities than the corresponding N-(4-arylalkylamino-piperidin-1-yl) carboxamide analogues. A benzyl moiety in position 1 of the piperidine in the 2-naphthamide series (2) appears to be the best choice for a favorable interaction with D(4.2) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. Increasing the linker length between the phenyl ring and the basic nitrogen led to a decreased affinity for these receptors. In the 1-naphthamide series, the most potent D(4.2) ligand (7) possesses a phenylpropyl moiety while its affinity for 5-HT(2A) receptors is strongly reduced. All compounds with significant affinity for D(4.2) and 5-HT(2A) receptors were antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Carato
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, F-59006 Lille, France
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16
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Moran-Gates T, Massari C, Graulich A, Liégeois JF, Tarazi FI. Long-term effects of JL 13, a potential atypical antipsychotic, on rat dopamine and serotonin receptor subtypes. J Neurosci Res 2006; 84:675-82. [PMID: 16810690 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Changes in dopamine (DA) D(1), D(2), D(3), and D(4) receptors and serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors in rat forebrain regions were autoradiographically quantified after continuous infusion of JL 13 [(5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloro-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine fumarate] for 28 days with osmotic minipumps and compared with the effects of other typical (fluphenazine) and atypical (clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone) antipsychotic drugs from previous studies. Similar to other typical and atypical antipsychotics, JL 13 increased labeling of D(2) receptors in medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) and hippocampus (HIP) and D(4) receptors in nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate-putamen (CPu), and HIP. In addition, JL 13 increased 5-HT(1A) and decreased 5-HT(2A) receptors in MPC and dorsolateral frontal cortex (DFC), an effect shared by atypical antipsychotics, and may contribute to their psychopharmacological properties. Clozapine and JL 13, but not other antipsychotics, spared D(2) receptors in CPu, which may reflect their ability to induce minimal extrapyramidal side effects. In addition, JL 13 but not other typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs increased abundance of D(1) receptors in CPu and NAc. JL 13 as well as other antipsychotic agents did not alter levels of forebrain D(3) receptors. An atypical-like profile of JL 13 on DA and 5-HT receptor subtypes should encourage further development of this compound as a novel atypical antipsychotic drug.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Brain Chemistry/drug effects
- Brain Chemistry/physiology
- Clozapine/pharmacology
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/physiology
- Mental Disorders/drug therapy
- Mental Disorders/metabolism
- Mental Disorders/physiopathology
- Oxazepines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Prosencephalon/drug effects
- Prosencephalon/metabolism
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/metabolism
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
- Synaptic Transmission/physiology
- Time
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Moran-Gates
- Mailman Research Center, McLean Division of Massachusetts General Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
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Haller J, Szirmai M, Varga B, Ledent C, Freund TF. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor dependent effects of the NMDA antagonist phencyclidine in the social withdrawal model of schizophrenia. Behav Pharmacol 2006; 16:415-22. [PMID: 16148446 DOI: 10.1097/00008877-200509000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and laboratory findings suggest that cannabinoid signalling is implicated in schizophrenia. However, the interaction remains poorly understood, as data are often contradictory. Here we investigated wild-type (WT) and cannabinoid CB1 receptor-knockout (CB1-KO) mice in the phencyclidine-induced social withdrawal model of schizophrenia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists (including phencyclidine) induce psychotic symptoms in humans, and are used to model schizophrenia in a variety of experimental conditions. In WTs, 5 mg/kg phencyclidine increased locomotion and stereotyped behaviours, and decreased social interactions. These changes are consistent with a schizophrenia-like effect. In CB1-KOs, phencyclidine decreased locomotion, enhanced ataxia and stereotypy more markedly than in WTs, but did not affect social interactions. Locomotion showed a significant negative correlation with both ataxia and stereotypy, suggesting that in CB1-KOs, the locomotor suppressive effect of phencyclidine was secondary to changes in these variables. Our findings demonstrate that CB1 gene disruption dramatically alters the behavioural effects of the NMDA antagonist phencyclidine, suggesting that the CB1 receptor is involved in schizophrenia. As social disruption and stereotypy respectively are believed to model negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, our findings tentatively suggest that cannabinoids are differentially involved in these two symptom categories. These findings require verification by experiments involving CB1 receptor blockers, as the genetic and pharmacological blockade of receptors may not always provide similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haller
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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18
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Arora J, Bordeleau M, Dube L, Jarvie K, Mazzocco L, Peragine J, Tehim A, Egle I. N-[(3S)-1-Benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-(2-thienyl)benzamides: Human dopamine D4 ligands with high affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5253-6. [PMID: 16168646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-[(3S)-1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-(2-thienyl)benzamides 8 has been prepared and found to bind with high affinity to the human D(4) (hD(4)) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. Several compounds displayed selectivity for these receptors versus hD(2) and alpha(1) adrenergic receptors of over 500-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaj Arora
- NPS Pharmaceuticals, 6850 Goreway Dr., Mississauga, Ont., Canada L4V 1V7
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19
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Abstract
Several atypical antipsychotics have become available for the treatment of schizophrenia that are at least as effective as conventional treatment and with fewer extrapyramidal side effects. Their presumed mechanisms of therapeutic action vary and are no longer limited to dopamine D2 receptor antagonism. Numerous novel drugs are in development, with a variety of receptor affinities and other supposed therapeutic effects. This article will review current developments in drug discovery alongside contemporary evidence for potential substrates and mechanisms of antipsychotic action. Despite many promising developments there is no ideal antipsychotic to date. Progress in drug treatment for schizophrenia is confronted by several areas of difficulty which, barring serendipity, must be resolved before real advances can be anticipated.
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20
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Goudie AJ, Smith JA, Millan MJ. Characterization of the effects of receptor-selective ligands in rats discriminating the novel antipsychotic quetiapine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004; 171:212-22. [PMID: 14691616 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-003-1576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2003] [Accepted: 06/18/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Drug discrimination studies with clozapine have shown that such assays are of value in analysing the actions of novel antipsychotic agents in vivo. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of specific receptors in the discriminative stimulus properties of the novel "atypical" antipsychotic quetiapine. METHODS Rats were trained to discriminate quetiapine at 10 mg/kg and tested with a range of ligands, selective for specific classes of receptor. RESULTS Full generalization to quetiapine was only seen with quetiapine itself (100%) and with the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine (87%). Partial generalization was seen with the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (63%), the presumed preferential dopamine D(3) receptor antagonist PNU 91194A (54%) and the 5-HT/H(1)/M(1) antagonist cyproheptadine (55%). Minimal (<40%) or no (0%) generalization was seen with mepyramine (H(1) antagonist), SCH 23390 (D(1) antagonist), raclopride (D(2/3 )antagonist), ketanserin and MDL 100,907 (5-HT(2A ) antagonists), ondansetron (5-HT(3) antagonist), SB 242,084 (5-HT(2C) antagonist), 8-OHDPAT (5-HT(1A) agonist) yohimbine (alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist) and the benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide. CONCLUSIONS Together with data from a previous study (Smith and Goudie 2002) in which we observed full generalization to quetiapine with olanzapine, risperidone and clozapine, but not with typical antipsychotics (such as haloperidol) or the novel antipsychotic amisulpride, these data suggest that: i) the discriminative stimulus properties of quetiapine, like those of clozapine, probably reflect a "compound" stimulus which involves several classes of receptor; ii) the quetiapine cue is of value in analysing, and screening for, quetiapine- and clozapine-like agents in vivo; iii) blockade of muscarinic receptors is sufficient, although not necessary, to achieve full generalization to quetiapine; and iv) alpha(1-)adrenoceptors may be implicated in the quetiapine discriminative stimulus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Dibenzothiazepines/administration & dosage
- Dibenzothiazepines/pharmacology
- Discrimination Learning/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Ligands
- Pharmaceutical Preparations
- Pharmacology
- Quetiapine Fumarate
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic/physiology
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/drug effects
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/physiology
- Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Muscarinic/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Goudie
- Psychology Department, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Liverpool University, Bedford Street, L69 7ZA, Liverpool, UK.
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