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Farajizadeh F, Taghian F, Jalali Dehkordi K, Mirsafaei Rizi R. Swimming training and herbal nanoformulations as natural remedies to improve sensory-motor impairment in rat midbrain tumor models: system biology, behavioral test, and experimental validation. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:149. [PMID: 37131964 PMCID: PMC10148939 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor impairment worsens health-related quality of life in patients with primary and metastatic midbrain tumors. Here, 56-male-Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: Normal group, Midbrain Tomur Model group, Model + Exe group, Model + Lipo, Model + Extract, Model + Lipo-Extract, Model + Extract-Exe, Model + Lipo-Extract + Exe. According to the aim, mid-brain tumor models were conducted by injections of the C6 glioma cell line (5 × 105 cell suspension) and stereotaxic techniques in the substantia nigra area. Furthermore, consumption of nanoformulation of herbals extract (100 mg/kg/day), crude extract (100 mg/kg/day), and swimming training (30 min, 3 days/week) as interventional protocols were performed for 6 weeks. In addition, we evaluated the effect of polyherbal nanoliposomes containing four plant extracts and swimming training on the GABArα1/TRKB/DRD2/DRD1a/TH network in the substantia nigra of the midbrain tumor rat model. Data emphasized that DRD2 might be a druggable protein with the network's highest significance cut-point effect that could modulate sensory-motor impairment. Furthermore, we found Quercetin, Ginsenosides, Curcumin, and Rutin, as bioactive compounds present in Ginseng, Matthiola incana, Turmeric, and Green-Tea extracts, could bind over the DRD2 protein with approved binding affinity scores. Based on our data, swimming training, and nanoliposome-enriched combined supplements could consider effective complementary medicine for motor impairment recovery induced by the midbrain tumor in the substantia nigra area. Hence, regular swimming training and natural medicines rich in polyphenolic bioactive components and antioxidative effects could modify and improve the dopamine receptors' function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03574-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Farajizadeh
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Taghian
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khosro Jalali Dehkordi
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Mirsafaei Rizi
- Department of Sports Injuries, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Dos Santos AS, Segabinazi E, de Almeida W, Faustino AM, Bronauth LP, Dos Santos TM, Ferreira FS, Wyse ATS, Marcuzzo S, Pereira LO. Resistance exercise was safe for the pregnancy and offspring's development and partially protected rats against early life stress-induced effects. Behav Brain Res 2023; 445:114362. [PMID: 36889464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Promising evidence points to gestational physical exercise as the key to preventing various disorders that affect the offspring neurodevelopment, but there are no studies showing the impact of resistance exercise on offspring health. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether resistance exercise during pregnancy is able to prevent or to alleviate the possible deleterious effects on offspring, caused by early life-stress (ELS). Pregnant rats performed resistance exercise throughout the gestational period:they climbed a sloping ladder with a weight attached to their tail, 3 times a week. Male and female pups, on the day of birth (P0), were divided into 4 experimental groups: 1) rats of sedentary mothers (SED group); 2) rats of exercised mothers (EXE group); 3) rats of sedentary mothers and submitted to maternal separation (ELS group) and 4) rats of exercised mothers and submitted to MS (EXE + ELS group). From P1 to P10, pups from groups 3 and 4 were separated from their mothers for 3 h/day. Maternal behavior was assessed. From P30, behavioral tests were performed and on P38 the animals were euthanized and prefrontal cortex samples were collected. Oxidative stress and tissue damage analysis by Nissl staining were performed. Our results demonstrate that male rats are more susceptible to ELS than females, showing impulsive and hyperactive behavior similar to that seen in children with ADHD. This behavior was attenuated by the gestational resistance exercise. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that resistance exercise performed during pregnancy seems to be safe for the pregnancy and offspring's neurodevelopment and are effective in preventing ELS-induced damage only in male rats. Interestingly, resistance exercise during pregnancy improved maternal care and it is reasonable to propose that this finding may be related to the protective role on the animals neurodevelopment, observed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Souza Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ethiane Segabinazi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wellington de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Faustino
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Loise Peres Bronauth
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Marcuzzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Xu B. ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF SWIMMERS AT THE COMPETITIVE LEVEL. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023; 29. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012023_0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Swimming is a sport that requires mastery of muscle groups, breathing, and cardiopulmonary strengthening, being a complete physical activity. To improve the competitive level of its athletes, making possible better results in competitions is a frequent challenge that demands training analysis and frequent adaptations. Objective: Study the effects of current physical training on the competitive performance of athletes. Methods: Twenty-four volunteer swimmers were selected and equally distributed in two groups. The experimental group performed swimming-specific physical training according to the established training plan, and the control group performed general physical training based mainly on running. There was no difference in the duration or intensity of training between the groups. The experimental period was 8 weeks, three times a week. Results: The experimental group was superior to the control group in terms of optimizing physical function, optimizing special fitness, and improving athletic levels. Conclusion: Special physical training for athletes can improve swimmers’ physical function more efficiently, improve their competitiveness and sports efficiency, and reduce sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, China
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Arida RM. Physical Exercise as a Strategy to Reduce Seizure Susceptibility. PHARMACORESISTANCE IN EPILEPSY 2023:453-477. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36526-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures are followed by a reduction in the multiunitary activity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in adult rats. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 137:108922. [PMID: 36279807 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) blocks the inhibitory action of GABA, triggering a Glu-mediated hyperexcitation of the dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons that leads to the generation of epileptiform seizures. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of PTZ on the electrical activity of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons in male rats. Bipolar electrodes were implanted stereotaxically in the right and left hippocampal CA1 fields of adults, and PTZ (65 mg/kg) was administered i.p. Simultaneous recordings of the field activity and the firing rate (multiunitary activity, MUA) were analyzed at 10, 20, and 30 min post-administration of PTZ. Only rats that presented tonic-clonic seizures during the first 1-5 min after PTZ treatment were included in the study. The recordings of the field activity were analyzed in 4 frequency bands. In both the right and left hippocampal CA1 fields, the relative power corresponding to the slow waves (4-7 Hz) increased, while in the bands 13-30 Hz and 31-50 Hz, it decreased at 10, 20, and 30 min post-PTZ. MUA recordings were analyzed at four levels. The highest levels corresponded to larger amplitudes of the action potentials in the pyramidal neurons. The firing rates of the PTZ-treated rats did not differ from baseline but presented a significant decrement at 10, 20, and 30 min post-PTZ. The decreased firing rate of the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after PTZ treatment could be associated with plastic changes of dendritic spines along with some microenvironmental adaptations at synaptic level, after neuronal PTZ-mediated hyperexcitation.
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Acar S, Kapucu A, Akgün-Dar K. The effects of regular swimming exercise during sodium valproate treatment on seizure behaviors and EEG recordings in pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats. Epilepsy Res 2022; 179:106830. [PMID: 34894619 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of alone/combined regular swimming exercise and sodium valproate on epileptic seizure behaviors and EEG recordings, anti-oxidative mechanism, learning, and memory in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled rats. Forty-eight healthy rats were randomly divided into eight equal groups as control (CONT), swimming exercise (EX), sodium valproate (SV), SV+EX, PTZ, EX+PTZ, SV+PTZ and SV+EX+PTZ. The rats were forced to regular swimming exercise for 60 min every other day, 13 doses of PTZ (40 mg/kg) were given to induce epileptic seizures and 200 mg/kg SV was given for 28 days. Epileptic seizures were evaluated by visual observation and EEG recordings (total spike numbers and number of epileptiform discharges). Memory and learning skills were assessed with passive avoidance test. According to our visual seizure observations, seizure latency was prolonged only in SV+EX+PTZ (p < 0.001) group, seizure severity score decreased in SV+PTZ (p < 0.05) and SV+EX+PTZ (p < 0.001) groups and seizure frequency was reduced in SV+PTZ (p < 0,001), EX+PTZ (p < 0,001), and SV+EX+PTZ (p < 0,001) groups. Total spike numbers and number of epileptiform discharges highly increased in PTZ group, whereas they decreased in swimming exercise and/or SV treatment groups. The most effective result was seen in the combined therapy group. Memory deficit was observed in PTZ -kindling group, but it didn't change with exercise or SV. Based on our results, regular swimming exercise had positive effects on PTZ-induced seizure frequency, and combined therapy of regular swimming exercise and SV is the most effective way to ameliorate visual seizure behaviors and decrease spike numbers and number of epileptiform discharges according to EEG recordings. Regular swimming exercise could be an alternative option to reduce the dose of SV and the side effects of SV can be avoided in clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Acar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayşegul Kapucu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Akgün-Dar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Arida RM, Passos AA, Graciani AL, Brogin JAF, Ribeiro MDAL, Faber J, Gutierre RC, Teixeira-Machado L. The Potential Role of Previous Physical Exercise Program to Reduce Seizure Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. Front Neurol 2021; 12:771123. [PMID: 34956052 PMCID: PMC8702853 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.771123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical and pre-clinical studies indicate a reduction in seizure frequency as well as a decrease in susceptibility to subsequently evoked seizures after physical exercise programs. In contrast to the influence of exercise after epilepsy previously established, various studies have been conducted attempting to investigate whether physical activity reduces brain susceptibility to seizures or prevents epilepsy. We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of different animal models that addressed the impact of previous physical exercise programs to reduce seizure susceptibility. Methods: We included animal model (rats and mice) studies before brain insult that reported physical exercise programs compared with other interventions (sham, control, or naïve). We excluded studies that investigated animal models after brain insult, associated with supplement nutrition or drugs, that did not address epilepsy or seizure susceptibility, ex vivo studies, in vitro studies, studies in humans, or in silico studies. Electronic searches were performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PsycINFO, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, and gray literature, without restrictions to the year or language of publication. We used SYRCLE's risk of bias tool and CAMARADES checklist for study quality. We performed a synthesis of results for different types of exercise and susceptibility to seizures by random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis (543 animals), 13 of them used male animals, and Wistar rats were the most commonly studied species used in the studies (355 animals). The chemoconvulsants used in the selected studies were pentylenetetrazol, penicillin, kainic acid, pilocarpine, and homocysteine. We assessed the impact of study design characteristics and the reporting of mitigations to reduce the risk of bias. We calculated a standardized mean difference effect size for each comparison and performed a random-effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included behavioral analysis (latency to seizure onset, n = 6 and intensity of motor signals, n = 3) and electrophysiological analysis (spikes/min, n = 4, and amplitude, n = 6). The overall effect size observed in physical exercise compared to controls for latency to seizure onset was −130.98 [95% CI: −203.47, −58.49] (seconds) and the intensity of motor signals was −0.40 [95% CI: −1.19, 0.40] (on a scale from 0 to 5). The largest effects were observed in electrophysiological analysis for spikes/min with −26.96 [95% CI: −39.56, −14.36], and for spike amplitude (μV) with −282.64 [95% CI: −466.81, −98.47]. Discussion:Limitations of evidence. A higher number of animal models should be employed for analyzing the influence of exerciseon seizure susceptibility. The high heterogeneity in our meta-analysis is attributable to various factors, including the number of animals used in each study and the limited number of similar studies. Interpretation. Studies selected in this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that previous physical exercise programs can reduce some of the main features related to seizure susceptibility [latency seizure onset, spikes/min, and spike amplitude (μV)] induced by the administration of different chemoconvulsants. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021251949; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=251949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Faber
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Meng W, Xu D, Meng Y, Zhang W, Xue Y, Zhen Z, Gao Y. Changes in the urinary proteome in rats with regular swimming exercise. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12406. [PMID: 34760390 PMCID: PMC8567855 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Urine can sensitively reflect early pathophysiological changes in the body. The purpose of this study was to explore the changes of urine proteome in rats with regular swimming exercise. Methods In this study, experimental rats were subjected to daily moderate-intensity swimming exercise for 7 weeks. Urine samples were collected at weeks 2, 5, and 7 and were analyzed by using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Unsupervised clustering analysis of all urinary proteins identified at week 2 showed that the swimming group was distinctively different from the control group. Compared to the control group, a total of 112, 61 and 44 differential proteins were identified in the swimming group at weeks 2, 5 and 7, respectively. Randomized grouping statistical analysis showed that more than 85% of the differential proteins identified in this study were caused by swimming exercise rather than random allocation. According to the Human Protein Atlas, the differential proteins that have human orthologs were strongly expressed in the liver, kidney and intestine. Functional annotation analysis revealed that these differential proteins were involved in glucose metabolism and immunity-related pathways. Conclusion Our results revealed that the urinary proteome could reflect significant changes after regular swimming exercise. These findings may provide an approach to monitor the effects of exercise of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchen Meng
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Weinan Zhang
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Zhen
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Matinfar P, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA. Swimming exercise attenuates anxiety-like behavior by reducing brain oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic mice. Physiol Behav 2021; 237:113449. [PMID: 33945802 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety-related behaviors are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The protective effect of exercise on neuropsychiatric disorders has been documented. However, there are no studies that examined whether swimming exercise can decrease anxiety-like symptoms in type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effects of swimming exercise on body weight, anxiety-like behavior, glucose and insulin levels, and brain oxidative stress in male C57BL/6 mice. T2D-induced mice were subjected to swimming exercise, then anxiety-like behaviors were measured by the open field, light-dark box, and elevated plus-maze tests. Glucose and insulin levels were measure in serum, and antioxidant/oxidative markers including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were measured in the brain. Our findings showed that T2D increased body weight, anxiety-like symptoms, glucose and insulin resistance, and oxidative stress by increasing MDA and GSSG levels in the brain of mice. Interestingly, swimming exercise reversed these parameters in diabetic mice. Our findings clearly indicate that there is a protective impact of swimming exercise on anxiety-like behavior by reducing insulin resistance and brain oxidative stress in mice with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Matinfar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maghsoud Peeri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Barzroodi Pour M, Bayat M, Navazesh A, Soleimani M, Karimzadeh F. Exercise Improved the Anti-Epileptic Effect of Carbamazepine through GABA Enhancement in Epileptic Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2112-2130. [PMID: 34008120 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant drug that usually is used for the treatment of seizures. The anti-epileptic and the anti-epileptogenic effect of exercise has been reported, as well. This study was aimed to evaluate the synergic effect of combined therapy of exercise and CBZ in epileptic rats, as well as the alternation of the GABA pathway as a possible involved mechanism. The seizure was induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection. Animals were divided into sham, seizure, exercise (EX), CBZ (25, 50 and 75), EX + CBZ (25, 50 and 75). Treadmill forced running for 30 min has been considered as the exercise 5 days per week for four weeks. CBZ was injected in doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, half an hour before seizure induction and 5 h after doing exercise in the animals forced to exercise. Seizure severity reduced and latency increased in the EX + CBZ (25) and EX + CBZ (50) groups compared to the seizure group. The distribution of GAD65 in both hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas increased in the EX + CBZ (75) group. GABAA receptor α1 was up-regulated in the CA3 area of the EX + CBZ (75) group. The distribution of GAD65 in the cortical area increased in EX, EX + CBZ (50), CBZ (75) and EX + CBZ (75) groups. GABAA receptor α1 was up-regulated in the neocortex of EX + CBZ (50), CBZ (75) and EX + CBZ (75) groups. Our findings suggested that exercise has improved the efficacy of CBZ and reduced the anti-epileptic dose. The enhancement of GABA signaling might be involved in the synergistic effect of exercise and CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Barzroodi Pour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Bayat
- Department of Anatomy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Azam Navazesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Karimzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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The protective effect of hydroxylated fullerene pretreatment on pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Brain Res 2021; 1764:147468. [PMID: 33831409 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency. The pathological hallmark of neuronal damage after epileptic seizures could be the chain reaction of oxygen free radicals. Hydroxylated fullerenes (HFs) are novel and effective free radical scavengers, which play an important role in various neurological diseases. However, whether they have a protective effect against epileptic seizures remains elusive. Our study explores the effect of pretreatment with HFs in different doses (0.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) on SEmodels induced by pilocarpine (PILO). The results suggest that HFs have a protective effect on SE in a dose-dependent manner. HFs significantly reduce the incidence of SE, prolong the latency to SE, reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increase the glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. In addition, HFs significantly raise the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and reduce the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). We found that expressions of nuclear NF-E2-related factor 2 (nNrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) were upregulated 24 h after the onset of SE, but the increase was not enough to combat oxidative stress damage, nor to attenuate lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. The expressions of these proteins in HFs pretreatment groups increased more significantly than those in the epilepsy (EP) group, which effectively reduced lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in the hippocampus. In summary, these findings highlight that HFs pretreatment has a protective effect against PILO-induced SE in rats. It may relieve oxidative stress damage by activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. It provides evidence that fullerene derivatives may have therapeutic potential for epileptic seizures.
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Determination of the pathways of potential muscle damage and regeneration in response to acute and long-term swimming exercise in mice. Life Sci 2021; 272:119265. [PMID: 33626393 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was examining early and late (3, 24 h) responses to acute, chronic swimming exercise as muscle damage and regeneration in gastrocnemius-soleus muscle complexes. We also aimed to reveal the signaling pathways involved. 8-12 weeks old mice were grouped as control, exercise. Exercising groups were firstly divided into two as acute and chronic, later every group was again divided in terms of time (3, 24 h) passed from the last exercise session until exsanguination. Acute exercise groups swam 30 min, while chronic swimming groups exercised 30 min/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks. Histological investigations were performed to determine muscle damage and regeneration. Whole-genome expression analysis was applied to total RNA samples. Microarray data was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Exercising mice muscle revealed enhanced damage, leukocyte infiltration. Increments in acute and chronic 3 h groups were statistically significant. Car3, Neb, Obscn, Ttn, Igfbp5, Igfbp7, Gsk3β, and Usp2 were down-regulated in muscles of swimming mice. The exercise-induced signaling pathways involved in muscle damage and regeneration were drawn. Our findings demonstrate that swimming induces muscle damage. Samples were obtained at 3 and 24 h following exercise, this time duration seems not sufficient for the development of myofibrillogenesis.
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Amooei M, Meshkati Z, Nasiri R, Dakhili AB. Cognitive decline prevention in offspring of Pb +2 exposed mice by maternal aerobic training and Cur/CaCO 3@Cur supplementations: In vitro and in vivo studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111785. [PMID: 33348254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered contaminants that hazardously influence the healthy life of humans and animals as they are widely used in industry. Contact of youngsters and women at ages of parturition with lead (Pb+2) is a main related concern, which passes through the placental barricade and its better absorption in the intestine leads to flaws in the fetal developfment. However, the metals threaten animal and human life, in particular throughout developmental stages. Products existing in the nature have a major contribution to innovating chemo-preventives. As a naturally available polyphenol and necessary curcuminoid, curcumin (Cur) is a derivative of the herb Curcuma longa (L.) rhizome, which globally recognized as "wonder drug of life"; however, Cur has a limited clinical use as it is poorly dissolved in water. Therefore, to enhance its clinically relevant parameters, curcumin-loaded calcium carbonate (CaCO3@Cur) was synthesized by one step coprecipitation method as a newly introduced in this research. Initially, its structure was physio chemically characterized using FT-IR, FESEM and DLS equipment and then the cytotoxicity of lead when it was pretreated with Cur/CaCO3@Cur were assessed by MTT assay. Both Cur and CaCO3@Cur diminished the toxic effects of Pb+2 while the most protective effect on the Pb+2 cytotoxicity was achieved by pre-incubation of cells with CaCO3@Cur. Besides, the morphological changes of Pb+2-treated cells that were pre-incubated with or without Cur/CaCO3@Cur were observed by normal and florescent microscopes. A non-pharmacologic method that lowers the hazard of brain damage is exercise training that is capable of both improving and alleviating memory. In the current study, the role of regular aerobic training and CaCO3@Cur was assessed in reducing the risk of brain damage induced by lead nitrate contact. To achieve the mentioned goal, pregnant Balb/C mice were assigned to five groups (six mice/group) at random: negative and positive controls, aerobic training group and Cur and CaCO3@Cur treated (50 mg/kg/b.wt) trained groups that exposed to Pb+2 (2 mg/kg) by drinking water during breeding and pregnancy. With the completion of study, offspring were subjected to the behavioral tasks that was tested by step-through ORT, DLB, MWM and YM tests. As a result, having regular aerobic training and CaCO3@Cur co-administration with lead nitrate could reverse the most defected behavioral indicators; yet, this was not visible for both sexes and it seems that gender can also be a source of different effects in the animal's body. In fact, having regular aerobic training along with CaCO3@Cur supplementation during pregnancy may be encouraging protecting potential agents towards the toxicity of Pb+2 that could be recommended in the areas with high pollution of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amooei
- Department of physical education and sport sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Meshkati
- Department of physical education and sport sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rozita Nasiri
- Iran National Elite Foundation, Tehran 93111-14578, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Bahador Dakhili
- Department of physical education and sport science, Faculty of shahid chamran Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Kerman, Iran
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Koc Yildirim E, Dedeoglu Z, Kaya M, Uner AG. The effect of swimming training on adrenomedullin levels, oxidative stress variables, and gastrocnemius muscle contractile properties in hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 43:131-137. [PMID: 32985250 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1825726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction/Aim: Regular exercise may have beneficial effects on high blood-pressure, as shown in different types of experimental hypertension models in rats. The present study aims to investigate the effects of 6-week swimming training on blood pressure, oxidative stress variables of selected tissues, serum adrenomedullin (ADM) levels, and in situ muscle contraction in rats with hypertension induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), an inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOs). Materials and Methods: Twenty-six male Sprague Dawley, 8 weeks of age, rats were randomly divided into four groups: (I) normotensive (C), (II) normotensive + exercise (E), (III) hypertensive (L), and (IV) hypertensive + exercise (LE). Hypertension was induced by the oral administration of L-NAME (60 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Exercise was performed 5 times (1-h each) per week for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood and tissue samples (the gastrocnemius muscle, heart, kidney, and thoracic aorta) were collected following contractile properties of the gastrocnemius muscle in situ weredetermined. In the collected tissues, oxidative stress (e.g., lipid oxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity) and serum ADM levels were measured. 6-week L-NAME administration per se (Group L) led to a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to other groups. Results: Importantly, 6-week exercise caused a protective effect of high blood pressure in the rats received L-NAME (Group LE). The level of ADM was lower in the rats received L-NAME than that of the control group. L-NAME increased lipid peroxidation in the thoracic aorta and decreased superoxide dismutase in the heart, kidney and muscle, and decreased catalase and glutathione in the heart. However, the exercise intervention did not have protective effect on the L-NAME-mediated oxidative damage in the collected tissues. Conclusion: In conclusion, 6-week exercise intervention rescued rats from high blood pressure, but did not have ameliorative effect on the decreased ADM levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Koc Yildirim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - Zahide Dedeoglu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaya
- Department of Zootechny, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - Aykut G Uner
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
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Arida RM. Physical exercise and seizure activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165979. [PMID: 32980461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective and antiepileptogenic therapies have been extensively investigated for epilepsy prevention and treatment. This review gives an overview of the promising contribution of the ketogenic diet, a complementary treatment, on the intestinal microbiota to reduce seizure susceptibility. Next, the relevance of physical exercise is extensively addressed as a complementary therapy to reduce seizure susceptibility, and thereby impact beneficially on the epilepsy condition. In this context, particular attention is given to the potential risks and benefits of physical exercise, possible precipitant factors related to exercise and proposed mechanisms by which exercise can reduce seizures, and its antiepileptogenic effects. Finally, this review points to emerging evidence of exercise reducing comorbidities from epilepsy and improving the quality of life of people with epilepsy. Based on evidence from current literature, physical or sport activities represent a potential non-pharmacological intervention that can be integrated with conventional therapy for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Neuroprotective effect of regular swimming exercise on calretinin-positive striatal neurons of Parkinsonian rats. Anat Sci Int 2020; 95:429-439. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
Cells are constantly subjected to cytotoxic and genotoxic insults resulting in the accumulation of unrepaired damaged DNA, which leads to neuronal death. In this way, DNA damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, cancer, and aging. Lifestyle factors, such as physical exercise, are neuroprotective and increase brain function by improving cognition, learning, and memory, in addition to regulating the cellular redox milieu. Several mechanisms are associated with the effects of exercise in the brain, such as reduced production of oxidants, up-regulation of antioxidant capacity, and a consequent decrease in nuclear DNA damage. Furthermore, physical exercise is a potential strategy for further DNA damage repair. However, the neuroplasticity molecules that respond to different aspects of physical exercise remain unknown. In this review, we discuss the influence of exercise on DNA damage and adjacent mechanisms in the brain. We discuss the results of several studies that focus on the effects of physical exercise on brain DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Ceresér Vilela
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ricardo Aurino de Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Yin S, Ran Q, Yang J, Zhao Y, Li C. Nootropic effect of neferine on aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease in experimental models. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22429. [PMID: 31860774 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease, which is developed by oxidative stress and acetylcholine contraction in the synaptic cleft of the neurons. This leads to dementia, memory loss, and decrease in learning ability and orientation. In this research work, we aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of neferine on AlCl3 -induced AD in rats. The results of our study revealed that the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide in the hippocampus leads to the development of AD in the rats. The oral treatment of neferine done the following occurrences such as; it potentially inhibited the ROS formation and acts as a scavenging molecule by preventing the neurodegeneration. It also improved the memory and learning ability to complete the maze activity in the AD rats and significantly increased the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione in neferine treated AD rats. It aggressively declined the activity of acetylcholine esterase and Na+ K+ ATPase in the neurodegenerative rat models. The gene expression pattern of neuroinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were decreased in the neferine-treated rats. The neuroinflammatory proteins such as inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa β (Nf-κβ) were decreased and Nf-κβ inhibitor IKBα was increased in the neferine-treated AD rats. Finally, the histology study proved that the neferine treatment possibly prevents neurodegeneration in the hippocampus tissue of the AD models. Hence, these all findings concluded that the neferine could be a potential neuropreventive as well as neurodegenerative therapeutic compound in neurological and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaizeng Yin
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Ran
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
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de Zorzi VN, Haupenthal F, Cardoso AS, Cassol G, Facundo VA, Bálico LJ, Lima DKS, Santos ARS, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Royes LFF, Fighera MR. Galangin Prevents Increased Susceptibility to Pentylenetetrazol-Stimulated Seizures by Prostaglandin E2. Neuroscience 2019; 413:154-168. [PMID: 31200106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases. It is characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures, where one-third of patients are refractory to existing treatments. Evidence revealed the association between neuroinflammation and increased susceptibility to seizures since there is a pronounced increase in the expression of key inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), during seizures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PGE2 increases susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol-induced (PTZ) seizures. Subsequently, we evaluated if the flavonoid isolated from the plant Piper aleyreanum (galangin) presented any anticonvulsive effects. Our results demonstrated that the group treated with PGE2 increased susceptibility to PTZ and caused myoclonic and generalized seizures, which increased seizure duration and electroencephalographic wave amplitudes. Furthermore, treatment with PGE2 and PTZ increased IBA-1 (microglial marker), GFAP (astrocytic marker), 4-HNE (lipid peroxidation marker), VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), and p-PKAIIα (phosphorylated cAMP-dependent protein kinase) immunocontent. Indeed, galangin prevented behavioral and electroencephalographic seizures, reactive species production, decreased microglial and astrocytic immunocontent, as well as decreased VCAM-1 immunocontent and p-PKA/PKA ratio induced by PGE2/PTZ. Therefore, this study suggests galangin may have an antagonizing role on PGE2-induced effects, reducing cerebral inflammation and protecting from excitatory effects evidenced by administrating PGE2 and PTZ. However, further studies are needed to investigate the clinical implications of the findings and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nogueira de Zorzi
- Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Haupenthal
- Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Seide Cardoso
- Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Cassol
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Facundo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Laudir J Bálico
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Daniella K S Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Santos
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Furian
- Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Psicofarmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Psicofarmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Salama OA, Attia MM, Abdelrazek MAS. Modulatory effects of swimming exercise against malathion induced neurotoxicity in male and female rats. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 157:13-18. [PMID: 31153460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Malathion is one of the most commonly used organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. It is important to regard that exposure to OP poisoning may cause anxiety and depression. Malathion toxicity induces cholinergic symptoms. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most profusely expressed neurotrophin in the central nervous system; it promotes the survival of neurons. Regular exercise improves brain well-being and enhances recovery from brain Injuries. It is suggested that BDNF may mediate these effects. Therefore, this study was planned to assess the modulatory effects of regular exercise performance on brain BDNF level, cholinergic activity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in male and female rats subjected to neurotoxicity induced by malathion administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two adult male and thirty-two adult female albino rats were included in this study. The rats were divided into four equal groups (8rats). Control group, malathion treated group, exercised group, malathion exercised group. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), BDNF level and Caspase 3 activity were assessed. RESULTS Female rats had higher baseline content of BDNF in brain homogenate than male rats. Malathion administration induced a significant decrease in BDNF level in female rats and in the total antioxidant capacity in both male and female rats. A significant elevation in caspase 3 activity was detected in the malathion treated groups, with more elevation in female rats. Swimming exercise improved BDNF level, AchE activity, and apoptosis in both male and female rats in all groups. In addition, male rats were more cholinergic system responders to regular exercise than female rats. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that malathion induced elevation in oxidative stress and apoptosis in all rats, with reduction in BDNF level in female rats. Meanwhile, regular swimming exercise was found to improve brain health through modulation of BDNF level and cholinergic activity. It is recommended to practice regular exercise to maintain brain health. Further studies are required to clarify the involvement of sex hormones in BDNF regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Salama
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Maha M Attia
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A S Abdelrazek
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicity of Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
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Swimming exercise decreases the absence-like epileptic activity in WAG/Rij rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:145-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractPeople with epilepsy (PWE) are less physically active compared with the general population. Explanations include prejudice, overprotection, unawareness, stigma, fear of seizure induction and lack of knowledge of health professionals. At present, there is no consensus on the role of exercise in epilepsy. This paper reviews the current evidence surrounding the risks and benefits associated with physical activity (PA) in this group of patients. In the last decade, several publications indicate significant benefits in physiological and psychological health parameters, including mood and cognition, physical conditioning, social interaction, quality of life, as well as potential prevention of seizure presentation. Moreover, experimental studies suggest that PA provides mechanisms of neuronal protection, related to biochemical and structural changes including release of β-endorphins and steroids, which may exert an inhibitory effect on the occurrence of abnormal electrical activity. Epileptic discharges can decrease or disappear during exercise, which may translate into reduced seizure recurrence. In some patients, exercise may precipitate seizures. Available evidence suggests that PA should be encouraged in PWE in order to promote wellbeing and quality of life. There is a need for prospective randomized controlled studies that provide stronger clinical evidence before definitive recommendations can be made.
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Ketogenic diet regulates the antioxidant catalase via the transcription factor PPARγ2. Epilepsy Res 2018; 147:71-74. [PMID: 30261354 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously found that the transcription factor PPARγ2 contributes to the mechanism of action of the ketogenic diet (KD), an established treatment for pediatric refractory epilepsy. Among the wide-array of genes regulated by PPARγ, previous studies have suggested that antioxidants such as catalase may have prominent roles in KD neuroprotective and antiseizure effects. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the KD increases catalase through activation of PPARγ2, and that this action is part of the mechanism of antiseizure efficacy of the KD. We determined catalase mRNA and protein expression in hippocampal tissue from epileptic Kcna1-/- mice, Pparγ2+/+ mice and Pparγ2-/- mice. We found that a KD increases hippocampal catalase expression in Kcna1-/- and Pparγ2+/+ mice, but not Pparγ2-/- mice. Next, we determined whether catalase contributes to KD seizure protection. We found that the KD reduces pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures; however, pretreatment with a catalase inhibitor occluded KD effects on PTZ seizures. These results suggest that the KD regulates catalase expression through PPARγ2 activation, and that catalase may contribute to the KD antiseizure efficacy.
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Singh N, Vijayanti S, Saha L, Bhatia A, Banerjee D, Chakrabarti A. Neuroprotective effect of Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate, on the hippocampal neurons in chemical kindling model in rat. Epilepsy Res 2018; 143:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sanches EF, Van de Looij Y, Toulotte A, da Silva AR, Romero J, Sizonenko SV. Brain Metabolism Alterations Induced by Pregnancy Swimming Decreases Neurological Impairments Following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Very Immature Rats. Front Neurol 2018; 9:480. [PMID: 29988536 PMCID: PMC6026645 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prematurity, through brain injury and altered development is a major cause of neurological impairments and can result in motor, cognitive and behavioral deficits later in life. Presently, there are no well-established effective therapies for preterm brain injury and the search for new strategies is needed. Intra-uterine environment plays a decisive role in brain maturation and interventions using the gestational window have been shown to influence long-term health in the offspring. In this study, we investigated whether pregnancy swimming can prevent the neurochemical metabolic alterations and damage that result from postnatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI) in very immature rats. Methods: Female pregnant Wistar rats were divided into swimming (SW) or sedentary (SE) groups. Following a period of adaptation before mating, swimming was performed during the entire gestation. At postnatal day (PND3), rat pups from SW and SE dams had right common carotid artery occluded, followed by systemic hypoxia. At PND4 (24 h after HI), the early neurochemical profile was measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Astrogliosis, apoptosis and neurotrophins protein expression were assessed in the cortex and hippocampus. From PND45, behavioral testing was performed. Diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging were used to evaluate brain microstructure and the levels of proteins were quantified. Results: Pregnancy swimming was able to prevent early metabolic changes induced by HI preserving the energetic balance, decreasing apoptotic cell death and astrogliosis as well as maintaining the levels of neurotrophins. At adult age, swimming preserved brain microstructure and improved the performance in the behavioral tests. Conclusion: Our study points out that swimming during gestation in rats could prevent prematurity related brain damage in progeny with high translational potential and possibly interesting cost-benefits. HIGHLIGHTS- Prematurity is a major cause of neurodevelopmental impairments; - Swimming during pregnancy reduces brain damage after HI injury; - Pregnancy is an important but underestimated preventive window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo F Sanches
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yohan Van de Looij
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Toulotte
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Analina R da Silva
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Romero
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephane V Sizonenko
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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E Silva-Gondim MB, de Souza TKM, Rodrigues MCA, Guedes RCA. Suckling in litters with different sizes, and early and late swimming exercise differentially modulates anxiety-like behavior, memory and electrocorticogram potentiation after spreading depression in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:464-473. [PMID: 29183255 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1407472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyze the hypothesis that swimming exercise, in rats suckled under distinct litter sizes, alters behavioral parameters suggestive of anxiety and recognition memory, and the electrocorticogram potentiation that occurs after the excitability-related phenomenon that is known as cortical spreading depression (CSD). METHODS Male Wistar rats were suckled in litters with six or 12 pups (L6 and L12 groups). Animals swam at postnatal days (P) 8-23, or P60-P75 (early-exercised or late-exercised groups, respectively), or remained no-exercised. Behavioral tests (open field - OF and object recognition - OR) were conducted between P77 and P80. Between P90 and P120, ECoG was recorded for 2 hours. After this 'baseline' recording, CSD was elicited every 30 minutes over the course of 2 hours. RESULTS Early swimming enhanced the number of entries and the percentage of time in the OF-center (P < 0.05). In animals that swam later, this effect occurred in the L6 group only. Compared to the corresponding sedentary groups, OR-test showed a better memory in the L6 early exercised rats, and a worse memory in all other groups (P < 0.05). In comparison to baseline values, ECoG amplitudes after CSD increased 14-43% for all groups (P < 0.05). In the L6 condition, early swimming and late swimming, respectively, reduced and enhanced the magnitude of the post-CSD ECoG potentiation in comparison with the corresponding L6 no-exercised groups (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Our data suggest a differential effect of early- and late-exercise on the behavioral and electrophysiological parameters, suggesting an interaction between the age of exercise and the nutritional status during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barros E Silva-Gondim
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , CEP 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Thays Kallyne Marinho de Souza
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , CEP 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil.,b Colegiado de Nutrição , Universidade de Pernambuco , CEP 56328-903 Petrolina , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | | | - Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , CEP 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil
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Carrizosa-Moog J. Epilepsia y actividad física: conceptos desde la perspectiva de las ciencias básicas. IATREIA 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.iatreia.v30n3a04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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de Castro MRT, Ferreira APDO, Busanello GL, da Silva LRH, da Silveira Junior MEP, Fiorin FDS, Arrifano G, Crespo-López ME, Barcelos RP, Cuevas MJ, Bresciani G, González-Gallego J, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Previous physical exercise alters the hepatic profile of oxidative-inflammatory status and limits the secondary brain damage induced by severe traumatic brain injury in rats. J Physiol 2017; 595:6023-6044. [PMID: 28726269 DOI: 10.1113/jp273933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS An early inflammatory response and oxidative stress are implicated in the signal transduction that alters both hepatic redox status and mitochondrial function after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Peripheral oxidative/inflammatory responses contribute to neuronal dysfunction after TBI Exercise training alters the profile of oxidative-inflammatory status in liver and protects against acute hyperglycaemia and a cerebral inflammatory response after TBI. Approaches such as exercise training, which attenuates neuronal damage after TBI, may have therapeutic potential through modulation of responses by metabolic organs. The vulnerability of the body to oxidative/inflammatory in TBI is significantly enhanced in sedentary compared to physically active counterparts. ABSTRACT Although systemic responses have been described after traumatic brain injury (TBI), little is known regarding potential interactions between brain and peripheral organs after neuronal injury. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate whether a peripheral oxidative/inflammatory response contributes to neuronal dysfunction after TBI, as well as the prophylactic role of exercise training. Animals were submitted to fluid percussion injury after 6 weeks of swimming training. Previous exercise training increased mRNA expression of X receptor alpha and ATP-binding cassette transporter, and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 expression per se in liver. Interestingly, exercise training protected against hepatic inflammation (COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6), oxidative stress (decreases in non-protein sulfhydryl and glutathione, as well as increases in 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate oxidation and protein carbonyl), which altered hepatic redox status (increases in myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase activity, as well as inhibition of catalase activity) mitochondrial function (decreases in methyl-tetrazolium and Δψ, as well as inhibition of citrate synthase activity) and ion gradient homeostasis (inhibition of Na+ ,K+ -ATPase activity inhibition) when analysed 24 h after TBI. Previous exercise training also protected against dysglycaemia, impaired hepatic signalling (increase in phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, phosphorylated decreases in insulin receptor substrate and phosphorylated AKT expression), high levels of circulating and neuronal cytokines, the opening of the blood-brain barrier, neutrophil infiltration and Na+ ,K+ -ATPase activity inhibition in the ipsilateral cortex after TBI. Moreover, the impairment of protein function, neurobehavioural (neuromotor dysfunction and spatial learning) disability and hippocampal cell damage in sedentary rats suggests that exercise training also modulates peripheral oxidative/inflammatory pathways in TBI, which corroborates the ever increasing evidence regarding health-related outcomes with respect to a physically active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Robson Torres de Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física.,Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício
| | | | - Guilherme Lago Busanello
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física.,Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício
| | | | | | - Fernando da Silva Fiorin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-López
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso (PUCV), Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física.,Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física.,Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Penicillin-Induced Epileptiform ECoG Activity in Gerbils: Effects of Physical Exercise and a Diospyros kaki Extract. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-017-9611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Carrizosa-Moog J. Epilepsia, actividad física y deporte. IATREIA 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.iatreia.v30n1a04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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31
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Kayacan Y, Tutkun E, Arslan G, Ayyildiz M, Agar E. The effects of treadmill exercise on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:935-940. [PMID: 27695482 PMCID: PMC5016582 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.61907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-, moderate- and long-duration treadmill exercise (15, 30 and 60 min) on the mean frequency and amplitude of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 32 rats were assigned to 15, 30, and 60 min running exercise groups and the control group, each consisting of 8 rats. According to the specified protocol, the rats were submitted to running exercises at the same hour of each day for 90 days. After the exercise program, the rats were administered (500 IU/2.5 µl) of penicillin into the left cortex by the microinjection method. An electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording was performed for 3 h using a data acquisition system. The frequency and the amplitude of the recordings were analyzed. RESULTS Short-duration treadmill exercise (15 min) caused a decrease in the frequency of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity at 70 min after penicillin injection (p < 0.001). The mean frequency of epileptiform activity decreased at 90 min after penicillin injection in the 30 and 60 min treadmill exercise groups (p < 0.01). The mean amplitude of epileptiform activity was not changed in any of the exercise groups compared to the control (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate for the first time that short-, moderate- and long-duration treadmill exercises decreased the frequency of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. These findings may contribute to improving the quality of life in epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildirim Kayacan
- Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Erkut Tutkun
- Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Arslan
- Department of Physiology of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ayyildiz
- Department of Physiology of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Erdal Agar
- Department of Physiology of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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32
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Nonato LF, Rocha-Vieira E, Tossige-Gomes R, Soares AA, Soares BA, Freitas DA, Oliveira MX, Mendonça VA, Lacerda AC, Massensini AR, Leite HR. Swimming training attenuates oxidative damage and increases enzymatic but not non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the rat brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5310. [PMID: 27706439 PMCID: PMC5044798 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well known that physical training ameliorates brain oxidative function
after injuries by enhancing the levels of neurotrophic factors and oxidative status,
there is little evidence addressing the influence of exercise training itself on
brain oxidative damage and data is conflicting. This study investigated the effect of
well-established swimming training protocol on lipid peroxidation and components of
antioxidant system in the rat brain. Male Wistar rats were randomized into trained (5
days/week, 8 weeks, 30 min; n=8) and non-trained (n=7) groups. Forty-eight hours
after the last session of exercise, animals were euthanized and the brain was
collected for oxidative stress analysis. Swimming training decreased thiobarbituric
acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels (P<0.05) and increased the activity of the
antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.05) with no effect on brain
non-enzymatic total antioxidant capacity, estimated by FRAP (ferric-reducing
antioxidant power) assay (P>0.05). Moreover, the swimming training promoted
metabolic adaptations, such as increased maximal workload capacity (P<0.05) and
maintenance of body weight. In this context, the reduced TBARS content and increased
SOD antioxidant activity induced by 8 weeks of swimming training are key factors in
promoting brain resistance. In conclusion, swimming training attenuated oxidative
damage and increased enzymatic antioxidant but not non-enzymatic status in the rat
brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Nonato
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brasil
| | - E Rocha-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brasil
| | - R Tossige-Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brasil
| | - A A Soares
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brasil
| | - B A Soares
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brasil
| | - D A Freitas
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brasil
| | - M X Oliveira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brasil
| | - V A Mendonça
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brasil
| | - A C Lacerda
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brasil
| | - A R Massensini
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - H R Leite
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brasil.,Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Kim HJ, Song W, Jin EH, Kim J, Chun Y, An EN, Park S. Combined Low-Intensity Exercise and Ascorbic Acid Attenuates Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:1035-41. [PMID: 26646003 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise and vitamins such as ascorbic acid (ASC) have been recognized as an effective strategy in neuroprotection and neurorehabilitatioin. However, there is a need to find an efficient treatment regimen that includes ASC and low-intensity exercise to diminish the risk of overtraining and nutritional treatment by attenuating oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the combined effect of low-intensity physical exercise (EX) and ASC on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure activity and oxidative stress in mice. The mice were randomly assigned into groups as follows: "KA only" (n = 11), "ASC + KA" (n = 11), "Ex + KA" (n = 11), "ASC + Ex + KA" (n = 11). In the present study, low intensity of swimming training period lasted 8 weeks and consisted of 30-min sessions daily (three times per week) without tail weighting. Although no preventive effect of low-intensity exercise or ASC on KA seizure occurrence was evident, there was a decrease of seizure activity, seizure development (latency to first seizures), and mortality in "ASC + Ex + KA" compared to "ASC + KA", "Ex + KA", and "KA only" group. In addition, a preventive synergistic coordination of low-intensity exercise and ASC was evident in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity compared to separate treatment. These results suggest that low-intensity exercise and ASC treatment have preventive effects on seizure activity and development with alternation of oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jae Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Jin
- Department of Sports Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongkyu Kim
- Aribio Sports Science Institute, Yong In University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yoonseok Chun
- Sports Wellness Center, Yong In University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Eung Nam An
- Department of Sports Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sok Park
- Division of Sports Industry and Science, Department of Sports and Health Management, Mokwon University, Taejon, Korea.
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Tchekalarova J, Shishmanova M, Atanasova D, Stefanova M, Alova L, Lazarov N, Georgieva K. Effect of endurance training on seizure susceptibility, behavioral changes and neuronal damage after kainate-induced status epilepticus in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Res 2015; 1625:39-53. [PMID: 26319691 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of regular physical exercises in an animal model of epilepsy and depression comorbidity has been confirmed previously. In the present study, we examined the effects of endurance training on susceptibility to kainate (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE), behavioral changes and neuronal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Male SHRs were randomly divided into two groups. One group was exercised on a treadmill with submaximal loading for four weeks and the other group was sedentary. Immediately after the training period, SE was evoked in half of the sedentary and trained rats by KA, while the other half of the two groups received saline. Basal systolic (SP), diastolic (DP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of all rats were measured at the beginning and at the end of the training period. Anxiety, memory and depression-like behaviour were evaluated a month after SE. The release of 5-HT in the hippocampus was measured using a liquid scintillation method and neuronal damage was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. SP and MAP of exercised SHRs decreased in comparison with the initial values. The increased resistance of SHRs to KA-induced SE was accompanied by an elongated latent seizure-free period, improved object recognition memory and antidepressant effect after the training program. While the anticonvulsant and positive behavioral effects of endurance training were accompanied by an increase of 5-HT release in the hippocampus, it did not exert neuroprotective activity. Our results indicate that prior exercise is an effective means to attenuate KA-induced seizures and comorbid behavioral changes in a model of hypertension and epilepsy suggesting a potential influence of hippocampal 5-HT on a comorbid depression. However, this beneficial impact does not prevent the development of epilepsy and concomitant brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria.
| | - M Shishmanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Toxicology, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - D Atanasova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
| | - M Stefanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
| | - L Alova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
| | - N Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K Georgieva
- Department of Physiology, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Neves BH, Menezes J, Souza MA, Mello-Carpes PB. Physical exercise prevents short and long-term deficits on aversive and recognition memory and attenuates brain oxidative damage induced by maternal deprivation. Physiol Behav 2015; 152:99-105. [PMID: 26403760 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is known from previous research that physical exercise prevents long-term memory deficits induced by maternal deprivation in rats. But we could not assume similar effects of physical exercise on short-term memory, as short- and long-term memories are known to result from some different memory consolidation processes. Here we demonstrated that, in addition to long-term memory deficit, the short-term memory deficit resultant from maternal deprivation in object recognition and aversive memory tasks is also prevented by physical exercise. Additionally, one of the mechanisms by which the physical exercise influences the memory processes involves its effects attenuating the oxidative damage in the maternal deprived rats' hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Hur Neves
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory & Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Po Box 118, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Menezes
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory & Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Po Box 118, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauren Assis Souza
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory & Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Po Box 118, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Pâmela B Mello-Carpes
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory & Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Po Box 118, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Carmona-Aparicio L, Pérez-Cruz C, Zavala-Tecuapetla C, Granados-Rojas L, Rivera-Espinosa L, Montesinos-Correa H, Hernández-Damián J, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Sampieri AIII, Coballase-Urrutia E, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N. Overview of Nrf2 as Therapeutic Target in Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18348-67. [PMID: 26262608 PMCID: PMC4581249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a biochemical state of imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidant defenses. It is involved in the physiopathology of degenerative and chronic neuronal disorders, such as epilepsy. Experimental evidence in humans and animals support the involvement of oxidative stress before and after seizures. In the past few years, research has increasingly focused on the molecular pathways of this process, such as that involving transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which plays a central role in the regulation of antioxidant response elements (ARE) and modulates cellular redox status. The aim of this review is to present experimental evidence on the role of Nrf2 in this neurological disorder and to further determine the therapeutic impact of Nrf2 in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Carmona-Aparicio
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry (Neurosciences), National Institute of Pediatrics, D.F. 04530, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Claudia Pérez-Cruz
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration, Cinvestav, D.F. 07360, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Cecilia Zavala-Tecuapetla
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Reticular Formation, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery-MVS, D.F. 14269, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Leticia Granados-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry (Neurosciences), National Institute of Pediatrics, D.F. 04530, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | | | | | - Jacqueline Hernández-Damián
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, D.F. 04150, Mexico; E-Mails: (J.H.-D.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, D.F. 04150, Mexico; E-Mails: (J.H.-D.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Aristides III Sampieri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, D.F. 04150, Mexico; E-Mails: (J.H.-D.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Elvia Coballase-Urrutia
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry (Neurosciences), National Institute of Pediatrics, D.F. 04530, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry (Neurosciences), National Institute of Pediatrics, D.F. 04530, Mexico; E-Mail:
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Liu H, Song Z, Liao D, Zhang T, Liu F, Zhuang K, Luo K, Yang L. Neuroprotective Effects of Trans-Caryophyllene Against Kainic Acid Induced Seizure Activity and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:118-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mourão FAG, Leite HR, de Carvalho LED, Ferreira E Vieira TH, Pinto MCX, de Castro Medeiros D, Andrade ILL, Gonçalves DF, Pereira GS, Dutra Moraes MF, Massensini AR. Neuroprotective effect of exercise in rat hippocampal slices submitted to in vitro ischemia is promoted by decrease of glutamate release and pro-apoptotic markers. J Neurochem 2014; 131:65-73. [PMID: 24903976 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of physical exercise as a neuroprotective agent against ischemic injury has been extensively discussed. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the effects of physical exercise on cerebral ischemia remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that physical exercise increases ischemic tolerance by decreasing the induction of cellular apoptosis and glutamate release. Rats (n = 50) were submitted to a swimming exercise protocol for 8 weeks. Hippocampal slices were then submitted to oxygen and glucose deprivation. Cellular viability, pro-apoptotic markers (Caspase 8, Caspase 9, Caspase 3, and apoptosis-inducing factor), and glutamate release were analyzed. The percentage of cell death, the amount of glutamate release, and the expression of the apoptotic markers were all decreased in the exercise group when compared to the sedentary group after oxygen and glucose deprivation. Our results suggest that physical exercise protects hippocampal slices from the effects of oxygen and glucose deprivation, probably by a mechanism involving both the decrease of glutamatergic excitotoxicity and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Afonso Gonçalves Mourão
- Núcleo de Neurociências (NNC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Subash S, Essa MM, Al-Asmi A, Al-Adawi S, Vaishnav R, Guillemin GJ. Effect of dietary supplementation of dates in Alzheimer's disease APPsw/2576 transgenic mice on oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 18:281-8. [PMID: 24954036 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Changes in the oxidative stress, antioxidants, and membrane-bound enzymes were investigated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD transgenic mice model after long-term dietary supplementation of date palm fruits from Oman. The 4-month-old mice with double Swedish APP mutation (APPsw/Tg2576) were purchased from Taconic Farm, NY, USA; mice were fed two different doses of dates (such as 4 and 2%) or control diet for 15 months and then assessed for the influence of diet on oxidative stress. Significant increase in oxidative stress in terms of enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyls and parallel decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed in control diet-treated Tg2576 AD mice. Dates (4 and 2%) treated APPsw/Tg2576 AD mice exhibited significantly attenuated oxidative damage, evidenced by decreased LPO and protein carbonyl levels and restoration in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and glutathione reductase). The activities of membrane-bound enzymes (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and acetyl cholinesterase) were altered in control diet-treated APPsw/Tg2576 AD mice brain regions. Meanwhile, both the percentages of date supplementation were able to restore the activity of enzymes to comparable values observed in controls. In summary, we have shown that chronic dietary supplementation of date palm fruits grown in Oman showed possible beneficial effects concomitant with oxidative stress reduction and increased antioxidant enzymes in AD transgenic mice model. These results warrant further exploration of how anti-reactive oxygen species properties of dates offer such beneficial effects on the AD-like brain.
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Subash S, Essa MM, Al-Asmi A, Al-Adawi S, Vaishnav R. Chronic dietary supplementation of 4% figs on the modification of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:546357. [PMID: 25050360 PMCID: PMC4090508 DOI: 10.1155/2014/546357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the changes in the plasma Aβ, oxidative stress/antioxidants, and membrane bound enzymes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice (Tg2576) after dietary supplementation of Omani figs fruits for 15 months along with spatial memory and learning test. AD Tg mice on control diet without figs showed significant impairment in spatial learning ability compared to the wild-type mice on same diet and figs fed Tg mice as well. Significant increase in oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant status were observed in AD Tg mice. 4% figs treated AD Tg mice significantly attenuated oxidative damage, as evident by decreased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls and restoration of antioxidant status. Altered activities of membrane bound enzymes (Na(+) K(+) ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) in AD Tg mice brain regions and was restored by figs treatment. Further, figs supplementation might be able to decrease the plasma levels of Aβ (1-40, 1-42) significantly in Tg mice suggesting a putative delay in the formation of plaques, which might be due to the presence of high natural antioxidants in figs. But this study warrants further extensive investigation to find a novel lead for a therapeutic target for AD from figs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraju Subash
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 34, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, 123 Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 34, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, 123 Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah Al-Asmi
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Ragini Vaishnav
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
- Oman Assistant Pharmacy Institute, Directorate General of Education and Training, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1928, 114 Muttrah, Oman
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Kim HJ, Song W, Kim JS, Jin EH, Kwon MS, Park S. Synergic Effect of Exercise and Lipoic Acid on Protection Against Kainic Acid Induced Seizure Activity and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1579-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ferreira APO, Rodrigues FS, Della-Pace ID, Mota BC, Oliveira SM, de Campos Velho Gewehr C, Bobinski F, de Oliveira CV, Brum JS, Oliveira MS, Furian AF, de Barros CSL, dos Santos ARS, Ferreira J, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. HOE-140, an antagonist of B2 receptor, protects against memory deficits and brain damage induced by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1935-48. [PMID: 24202114 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There are evidences indicating the role of kinins in pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, but little is known about their action on memory deficits. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to establish the role of bradykinin receptors B₁ (B₁R) and B₂ (B₂R) on the behavioral, biochemical, and histologic features elicited by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury (mLFPI) in mice. METHODS The role of kinin B₁ and B₂ receptors in brain damage, neuromotor, and cognitive deficits induced by mLFPI, was evaluated by means of subcutaneous injection of B₂R antagonist (HOE-140; 1 or 10 nmol/kg) or B₁R antagonist (des-Arg9-[Leu8]-bradykinin (DAL-Bk; 1 or 10 nmol/kg) 30 min and 24 h after brain injury. Brain damage was evaluated in the cortex, being considered as lesion volume, inflammatory, and oxidative damage. The open field and elevated plus maze tests were performed to exclude the nonspecific effects on object recognition memory test. RESULTS Our data revealed that HOE-140 (10 nmol/kg) protected against memory impairment. This treatment attenuated the brain edema, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide metabolites content elicited by mLFPI. Accordingly, HOE-140 administration protected against the increase of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, thiobarbituric-acid-reactive species, protein carbonylation generation, and Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase inhibition induced by trauma. Histologic analysis showed that HOE-140 reduced lesion volume when analyzed 7 days after brain injury. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the involvement of the B₂ receptor in memory deficits and brain damage caused by mLFPI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Cardoso AM, Abdalla FH, Bagatini MD, Martins CC, Fiorin FDS, Baldissarelli J, Costa P, Mello FFD, Fiorenza AM, Serres JDDS, Gonçalves JF, Chaves H, Royes LFF, Belló-Klein A, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Swimming training prevents alterations in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:522-9. [PMID: 23479073 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholinergic enzyme activities are altered in hypertension, reflecting a low-grade inflammation. Regular physical exercise exerts anti-inflammatory effects and has been described as a coadjutant in the treatment of hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effect of 6 weeks of swimming training on cholinergic enzyme activities (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) in Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. METHODS The rats were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 10), exercise (n = 10), L-NAME (n = 10), and exercise L-NAME (n = 10). The animals were trained 5 times per week in an adapted swimming system for 60 minutes with a gradual increase of the workload up to 5% of animal's body weight. Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically in lymphocytes, whole blood, and serum. RESULTS A significant rise in acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in lymphocytes and whole blood as well as in serum butyrylcholinesterase activity in the L-NAME group when compared with the other groups (P < 0.05), and the increase in cholinesterase activities was positively correlated with the rise in blood pressure (r = 0.5721, r = 0.6121, and r = 0.5811, respectively). Swimming training was efficient in preventing these alterations in the exercise L-NAME group, which displayed values similar to those of the control group. Exercise training demonstrated a significant hypotensive effect in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training was shown to prevent increased cholinesterase related to inflammatory processes in hypertensive rats, providing a new insight about protective exercise mechanisms to avoid hypertension-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry of the Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Kirshenbaum G, Burgess C, Déry N, Fahnestock M, Peever J, Roder J. Attenuation of mania-like behavior in Na+,K+-ATPase α3 mutant mice by prospective therapies for bipolar disorder: Melatonin and exercise. Neuroscience 2014; 260:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wang W, Wu Y, Zhang G, Fang H, Wang H, Zang H, Xie T, Wang W. Activation of Nrf2-ARE signal pathway protects the brain from damage induced by epileptic seizure. Brain Res 2014; 1544:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ferreira APO, Rodrigues FS, Della-Pace ID, Mota BC, Oliveira SM, Velho Gewehr CDC, Bobinski F, de Oliveira CV, Brum JS, Oliveira MS, Furian AF, de Barros CSL, Ferreira J, Santos ARSD, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. The effect of NADPH-oxidase inhibitor apocynin on cognitive impairment induced by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury: role of inflammatory and oxidative brain damage. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:583-93. [PMID: 24076474 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating disease that commonly causes persistent mental disturbances and cognitive deficits. Although studies have indicated that overproduction of free radicals, especially superoxide (O2(-)) derived from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is a common underlying mechanism of pathophysiology of TBI, little information is available regarding the role of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, in neurological consequences of TBI. Therefore, the present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of apocynin for treatment of inflammatory and oxidative damage, in addition to determining its action on neuromotor and memory impairments caused by moderate fluid percussion injury in mice (mLFPI). Statistical analysis revealed that apocynin (5mg/kg), when injected subcutaneously (s.c.) 30min and 24h after injury, had no effect on neuromotor deficit and brain edema, however it provided protection against mLFPI-induced object recognition memory impairment 7days after neuronal injury. The same treatment protected against mLFPI-induced IL-1β, TNF-α, nitric oxide metabolite content (NOx) 3 and 24h after neuronal injury. Moreover, apocynin treatment reduced oxidative damage (protein carbonyl, lipoperoxidation) and was effective against mLFPI-induced Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity inhibition. The present results were accompanied by effective reduction in lesion volume when analyzed 7days after neuronal injury. These data suggest that superoxide (O2(-)) derived from NADPH oxidase can contribute significantly to cognitive impairment, and that the post injury treatment with specific NADPH oxidase inhibitors, such as apocynin, may provide a new therapeutic approach to the control of neurological disabilities induced by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri Domingues Della-Pace
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Castagna Mota
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila de Campos Velho Gewehr
- Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianólpolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Vasconcelos de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sperotto Brum
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Furian
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Ferreira
- Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianólpolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Souza MA, Mota BC, Gerbatin RR, Rodrigues FS, Castro M, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Antioxidant activity elicited by low dose of caffeine attenuates pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and oxidative damage in rats. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:821-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lima FD, Stamm DN, Della-Pace ID, Dobrachinski F, de Carvalho NR, Royes LFF, Soares FA, Rocha JB, González-Gallego J, Bresciani G. Swimming training induces liver mitochondrial adaptations to oxidative stress in rats submitted to repeated exhaustive swimming bouts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55668. [PMID: 23405192 PMCID: PMC3565999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although acute exhaustive exercise is known to increase liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and aerobic training has shown to improve the antioxidant status in the liver, little is known about mitochondria adaptations to aerobic training. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the aerobic training on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defense in liver mitochondria both after training and in response to three repeated exhaustive swimming bouts. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into training (n = 14) and control (n = 14) groups. Training group performed a 6-week swimming training protocol. Subsets of training (n = 7) and control (n = 7) rats performed 3 repeated exhaustive swimming bouts with 72 h rest in between. Oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant activity, and mitochondria functionality were assessed. RESULTS Trained group showed increased reduced glutathione (GSH) content and reduced/oxidized (GSH/GSSG) ratio, higher superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity, and decreased lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria. Aerobic training protected against exhaustive swimming ROS production herein characterized by decreased oxidative stress markers, higher antioxidant defenses, and increases in methyl-tetrazolium reduction and membrane potential. Trained group also presented higher time to exhaustion compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS Swimming training induced positive adaptations in liver mitochondria of rats. Increased antioxidant defense after training coped well with exercise-produced ROS and liver mitochondria were less affected by exhaustive exercise. Therefore, liver mitochondria also adapt to exercise-induced ROS and may play an important role in exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico D. Lima
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel N. Stamm
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iuri D. Della-Pace
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dobrachinski
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nélson R. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando F. Royes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Félix A. Soares
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João B. Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Souza LC, Filho CB, Goes ATR, Fabbro LD, de Gomes MG, Savegnago L, Oliveira MS, Jesse CR. Neuroprotective Effect of Physical Exercise in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Induced by β-Amyloid1–40 Peptide. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:148-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Della-Pace ID, Rambo LM, Ribeiro LR, Saraiva ALL, de Oliveira SM, Silva CR, Villarinho JG, Rossato MF, Ferreira J, de Carvalho LM, de Oliveira Lima F, Furian AF, Oliveria MS, Santos ARS, Facundo VA, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β trihidroxilup-20(29)-ene protects against excitability and oxidative damage induced by pentylenetetrazol: the role of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Neuropharmacology 2012; 67:455-64. [PMID: 23219656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the compound triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihidroxilup-20(29)-ene (TTHL) resulted in antinociceptive activity in several pain models in mice. Because pain and epilepsy have common mechanisms, and several anticonvulsants are clinically used to treat painful disorders, we investigated the anticonvulsant potential of TTHL. Behavioral and electrographic recordings revealed that pretreatment with TTHL (30 mg/kg; i.g.) increased the latencies to the first clonic seizure to the tonic-clonic and reduced the duration of the generalized seizures induced by the GABA(A) receptor antagonist PTZ (80 g; i.p.). The TTHL pretreatment also protected against PTZ-induced deleterious effects, as characterized by protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, [(3)H] glutamate uptake and the inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase (subunits α(1) and α(2)/α(3)). Although TTHL did not exhibit DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity per se and does not alter the binding of [(3)H]flunitrazepam to the benzodiazepinic site of the GABA(A) receptor, this compound was effective in preventing behavioral and EEG seizures, as well as the inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase induced by ouabain. These results suggest that the protection against PTZ-induced seizures elicited by TTHL is due to Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity maintenance. In fact, experiments in homogenates of the cerebral cortex revealed that PTZ (10 mM) reduced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and that previous incubation with TTHL (10 μM) protected against this inhibition. Collectively, these data indicate that the protection exerted by TTHL in this model of convulsion is not related to antioxidant activity or GABAergic activity. However, these results demonstrated that the effective protection of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase elicited by this compound protects against the damage due to neuronal excitability and oxidation that is induced by PTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Domingues Della-Pace
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BioEx), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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