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Sriwastawa K, Kumar A. Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy: Impaired mitophagy triggers NLRP3 inflammasome. Mitochondrion 2024:101972. [PMID: 39362475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the challenging complications of diabetes and is characterized by peripheral nerve damage due to hyperglycemia in diabetes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is reported as a key pathophysiological factor contributing to nerve damage in diabetic neuropathy, clinically manifesting as neurodegenerative changes, as well as functional and sensorimotor deficits. Accumulating evidence suggests a clear correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Unraveling deeper molecular aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction may provide stable and effective therapeutic alternatives. This review links mitochondrial dysfunction and appraises its role in the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy. We also tried to delineate the role of mitophagy in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshari Sriwastawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India.
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Yang B, Wei W, Fang J, Xue Y, Wei J. Diabetic Neuropathic Pain and Circadian Rhythm: A Future Direction Worthy of Study. J Pain Res 2024; 17:3005-3020. [PMID: 39308994 PMCID: PMC11414757 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s467249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
More than half of people with diabetes experience neuropathic pain. Previous research has shown that diabetes patients' neuropathic pain exhibits a circadian cycle, which is characterized by increased pain sensitivity at night. Additional clinical research has revealed that the standard opioid drugs are ineffective at relieving pain and do not change the circadian rhythm. This article describes diabetic neuropathic pain and circadian rhythms separately, with a comprehensive focus on circadian rhythms. It is hoped that this characteristic of diabetic neuropathic pain can be utilized in the future to obtain more effective treatments for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Xue
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Wei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Castellano VK, Commander J, Burch T, Burch H, Remy J, Harman B, Zabala ME. Plantar threshold sensitivity assessment using an automated tool-Clinical assessment comparison between a control population without type 2 diabetes mellitus, and populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with and without neuropathy symptoms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286559. [PMID: 37418442 PMCID: PMC10328367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is often classified as a loss of sensation in the extremities, particularly in elderly populations. The most common diagnosis technique is with the use of the hand-applied Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. This study's first aim was to quantify and compare sensation on the plantar surface in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus populations with the standard Semmes-Weinstein hand-applied methodology and a tool that automates this approach. The second was to evaluate correlations between sensation and the subjects' medical characteristics. Sensation was quantified by both tools, at thirteen locations per foot, in three populations: Group 1-control subjects without type 2 diabetes, Group 2-subjects with type 2 diabetes and with neuropathy symptoms, and Group 3-subjects with type 2 diabetes without neuropathy symptoms. The percentage of locations sensitive to the hand-applied monofilament, yet insensitive to the automated tool was calculated. Linear regression analyses between sensation and the subject's age, body mass index, ankle brachial index, and hyperglycemia metrics were performed per group. ANOVAs determined differences between populations. Approximately 22.5% of locations assessed were sensitive to the hand-applied monofilament, yet insensitive to the automated tool. Age and sensation were only significantly correlated in Group 1 (R2 = 0.3422, P = 0.004). Sensation was not significantly correlated with the other medical characteristics per group. Differences in sensation between the groups were not significant (P = 0.063). Caution is recommended when using hand-applied monofilaments. Group 1's sensation was correlated to age. The other medical characteristics failed to corelate with sensation, despite group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale Kyle Castellano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jon Commander
- Internal Medicine Associates, Opelika, Alabama, United States of America
- Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thomas Burch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hayden Burch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jessica Remy
- Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Harman
- Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Zabala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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Pathak R, Sachan N, Chandra P. Mechanistic approach towards diabetic neuropathy screening techniques and future challenges: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113025. [PMID: 35658222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy, also called peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN), is among the most significant diabetes health consequences, alongside diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic neuropathy is the existence of signs and indications of peripheral nerve damage in patients with diabetes after other causes have been governed out. Diabetic neuropathy is a painful and severe complication of diabetes that affects roughly 20% of people. The development of diabetic neuropathy is regulated by blood arteries that nourish the peripheral nerves and metabolic problems such as increased stimulation of polyol pathway, loss of myo-inositol and enhanced non-enzymatic glycation. It's divided into four types based on where neurons are most affected: autonomic, peripheral, proximal, and focal, with each kind presenting different symptoms like numbing, gastrointestinal disorders, and heart concerns. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain is complex and for many patients, effective treatment is lacking; as a result, scientific proof recommendations are crucial. As a result, the current demand is to give the most vital medications or combinations of drugs that work directly on the nerves to help diabetic neuropathy patients feel less pain without causing any adverse effects. In diabetic neuropathy research, animal models are ubiquitous, with rats and mice being the most typically chosen for various reasons. This review covers the epidemiology, clinical features, pathology, clinical symptom, mechanism of diabetic neuropathy development, diagnosis, screening models of animals, diabetic neuropathy pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Pathak
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput Delhi Road (NH-24), Moradabad, UP 244102, India
| | - Neetu Sachan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput Delhi Road (NH-24), Moradabad, UP 244102, India
| | - Phool Chandra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput Delhi Road (NH-24), Moradabad, UP 244102, India.
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Wang P, Wen C, Olatunji OJ. Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Boesenbergia rotunda Polyphenol Extract in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Rats. J Pain Res 2022; 15:779-788. [PMID: 35356266 PMCID: PMC8959722 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s359766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhu Second People's Hospital, Wuhu City, 241001, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoling Wen
- Anhui Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Wuhu City, 241001, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji, Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand, Email
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Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols in the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9940169. [PMID: 34093722 PMCID: PMC8137294 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9940169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common and serious diabetes-associated complication that primarily takes place because of neuronal dysfunction in patients with diabetes. Use of current therapeutic agents in DN treatment is quite challenging because of their severe adverse effects. Therefore, there is an increased need of identifying new safe and effective therapeutic agents. DN complications are associated with poor glycemic control and metabolic imbalances, primarily oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Various mediators and signaling pathways such as glutamate pathway, activation of channels, trophic factors, inflammation, OS, advanced glycation end products, and polyol pathway have a significant contribution to the progression and pathogenesis of DN. It has been indicated that polyphenols have the potential to affect DN pathogenesis and could be used as potential alternative therapy. Several polyphenols including kolaviron, resveratrol, naringenin, quercetin, kaempferol, and curcumin have been administered in patients with DN. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid can provide protection against glutamate neurotoxicity via its hydrolysate, caffeoyl acid group, and caffeic acid through regulating the entry of calcium into neurons. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment can protect motor neurons by regulating the glutamate level. It has been demonstrated that these polyphenols can be promising in combating DN-associated damaging pathways. In this article, we have summarized DN-associated metabolic pathways and clinical manifestations. Finally, we have also focused on the roles of polyphenols in the treatment of DN.
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Lewis EJH, Lovblom LE, Cisbani G, Chen DK, Bazinet RP, Wolever TMS, Perkins BA, Bril V. Baseline omega-3 level is associated with nerve regeneration following 12-months of omega-3 nutrition therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107798. [PMID: 33309385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty-acids are essential for the development and maintenance of nerve function, but the relationship of plasma n-3 to the presence of diabetic distal-symmetric-polyneuropathy (DSP) and the effect of n-3 therapy on plasma levels and small nerve fibre morphology in T1D are unknown. METHODS Participants with T1D (n = 40, 53% female, aged (mean ± SD) 48 ± 14 years, BMI 28.1 ± 5.8 kg/m2, diabetes duration 27 ± 18 years), 23 of whom had DSP, took seal-oil (10 mL/day; 750 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 560 mg docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3), and 1020 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) for 12-months in a single-arm open-label study. The improvement in corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL) (primary outcome) was previously reported. In this secondary analysis, plasma n-3s were measured at baseline, 4, 8 and 12-months. RESULTS At baseline, participants with DSP had lower DHA than those without (1.73 ± 0.89 vs. 2.27 ± 0.70%, p = 0.049). Twelve-months seal-oil therapy increased mean plasma EPA by 185%, DPA by 29%, DHA by 79% (p < 0.001) and CNFL by 29% (p = 0.001). Change in CNFL was positively associated with higher baseline total n-3 (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.41, p = 0.013), DPA (r = 0.33, p = 0.047) and DHA (r = 0.42, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION In conclusion, low plasma DHA was associated with prevalent DSP, n-3 therapy increased blood n-3 levels and higher baseline n-3s were associated with greater nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J H Lewis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Leif E Lovblom
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Giulia Cisbani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel K Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas M S Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vera Bril
- Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Division of Neurology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zhang M, Shi X, Luo M, Lan Q, Ullah H, Zhang C, Li S, Chen X, Wang Y, Piao F. Taurine ameliorates axonal damage in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats and high glucose exposed DRG neuron by PI3K/Akt/mTOR-dependent pathway. Amino Acids 2021; 53:395-406. [PMID: 33598769 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes and axonopathy is its main pathological feature. Previous studies suggested an advantage of taurine against diabetes. However, there are few reports which study the effect of taurine against axonopathy. In this study, we confirmed that taurine significantly decreased blood glucose level, mitigated insulin resistance and improved dysfunctional nerve conduction in diabetic rats. Taurine corrected damaged axonal morphology of sciatic nerve in diabetic rats and induced axon outgrowth of Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons exposed to high glucose. Taurine up-regulated phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats and DRG neurons exposed to high glucose. However, Akt and mTOR inhibitors (MK-2206 and Rapamycin) blocked the effect of taurine on improving axonal damage. These results indicate that taurine ameliorates axonal damage in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway. Our findings provide taurine as a potential candidate for axonopathy and a new evidence for elucidating protective mechanism of taurine on DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengren Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengxin Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qi Lan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hayan Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaochi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yachen Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Center and Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Integrative Laboratory, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China.
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Thukral N, Kaur J, Malik M. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Efficacy of Exercise on Posture and Balance in Patients Suffering from Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:332-344. [PMID: 32619175 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200703190437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is a major and chronic complication of diabetes mellitus affecting more than 50% patients suffering from diabetes. There is the involvement of both large and small diameter nerve fibres leading to altered somatosensory and motor sensations, thereby causing impaired balance and postural instability. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the effects of exercises on posture and balance in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. METHODS Mean changes in Timed Up and Go test (TUGT), Berg Balance Scale and Postural Sway with eyes open and eyes closed on Balance System were primary outcome measures. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analyses. Eighteen randomized controlled trials met the selection criteria and were included in the study. All the studies ranked high on the PEDro Rating scale. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane collaboration tool of risk of bias. Included studies had a low risk of bias. Sixteen RCT's were included for the meta-analysis. RESULTS Results of meta-analysis showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in TUGT with p≤ 0.05 and substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 84%, p < 0.00001) in the experimental group as compared to control group. There was a statistically significant difference in Berg Balance Scale scores and heterogeneity of I2 = 62%, p < 0.00001 and significant changes in postural stability (eyes open heterogeneity of I2 = 100%, p =0.01 and eyes closed, heteogeneity I2 = 0%, p =0.01). Sensitivity analysis causes a change in heterogeneity. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that various exercises like balance training, core stability, Tai-Chi, proprioceptive training, etc. have a significant effect on improving balance and posture in diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Thukral
- Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of science and technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of science and technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj Malik
- Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of science and technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Biological Activity of c-Peptide in Microvascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes-Time for Translational Studies or Back to the Basics? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249723. [PMID: 33419247 PMCID: PMC7766542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
People with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing microvascular complications, which have a negative impact on the quality of life and reduce life expectancy. Numerous studies in animals with experimental diabetes show that c-peptide supplementation exerts beneficial effects on diabetes-induced damage in peripheral nerves and kidneys. There is substantial evidence that c-peptide counteracts the detrimental changes caused by hyperglycemia at the cellular level, such as decreased activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and sodium potassium ATPase, and increase in formation of pro-inflammatory molecules mediated by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells: cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta. However, despite positive results from cell and animal studies, no successful c-peptide replacement therapies have been developed so far. Therefore, it is important to improve our understanding of the impact of c-peptide on the pathophysiology of microvascular complications to develop novel c-peptide-based treatments. This article aims to review current knowledge on the impact of c-peptide on diabetic neuro- and nephropathy and to evaluate its potential therapeutic role.
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Etiological Aspects for the Occurrence of Diabetic Neuropathy and the Suggested Measures. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study will assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). METHODS We will comprehensively search electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from their inception to July 1, 2019. We will also search grey literature to avoid missing any potential studies. Randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture for the treatment of DPN will be included. All record literatures are searched without language limitation. Two researchers will independently carry out research selection, data extraction, and research quality evaluation. We will perform RevMan 5.3 software for statistical analysis. RESULTS Primary outcomes consist of severity of neuropathy and pain intensity. Secondary outcomes include diabetes mellitus duration, body mass index, HbA1c level, blood glucose levels, and adverse events. CONCLUSION The findings of this study will summarize recent evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of patients with DPN. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION We will not analyze individual data, thus no ethic approval is needed. The results of this study are expected to be published at a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42019139635.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-jie Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shangluo Central Hospital
| | - Fan-rong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, China
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Kirk JK, Hunter JC, Mihalko SL, Danhauer SC, Shumaker SA. Perspectives of pain in patients with type 2 diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:215-219. [PMID: 30884990 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1592674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reducing symptom burden is often secondary to risk factor control in diabetes. Symptom burden with comorbid medical conditions and the need for symptom palliation are not well defined. Although neuropathy is one of the most frequent occurring comorbidities of diabetes, patient experience is inconsistent. Using in-depth interview, we assessed patients' perspectives of pain experienced through neuropathy and the impact on type 2 diabetes management. Areas covered: Participants completed a structured telephone interview during which perspectives on diabetes and its management occurred. Data were analyzed iteratively using content analysis and extracted themes came from reduced data. Interview data were triangulated with clinical data from electronic health records. Expert opinion: During interviews, 41% of patients reported pain interfered with their lives. Three pain-related themes emerged from interviews, augmented by descriptions of how people experience and cope with pain. Themes included: (1) people know what neuropathy is and attribute their pain to it; (2) neuropathic pain seems insurmountable at times; and (3) pain can lead to feeling down or hopeless. Pain, a common comorbidity in diabetes, is a primary driver of patient suffering. Understanding how patients experience pain paves the way for creative interventions to manage it better among those living with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne K Kirk
- a Department of Family and Community Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , USA
| | - Jaimie C Hunter
- b Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , USA
| | - Shannon L Mihalko
- c Department of Health and Exercise Science, Social Sciences and Health Policy , Wake Forest University , Winston Salem , NC , USA
| | - Suzanne C Danhauer
- d Social Sciences & Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , USA
| | - Sally A Shumaker
- d Social Sciences & Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , USA
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Shillo P, Selvarajah D, Greig M, Gandhi R, Rao G, Wilkinson ID, Anand P, Tesfaye S. Reduced vitamin D levels in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabet Med 2019; 36:44-51. [PMID: 30102801 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies have reported an association between low vitamin D levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, many of these did not differentiate between people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and those with painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy, or assess major confounding factors including sunlight exposure and daily activity. Our study addressed these limitations and evaluated vitamin D levels in people with carefully phenotyped diabetic peripheral neuropathy and controls. METHODS Forty-five white Europeans with Type 2 diabetes and 14 healthy volunteers underwent clinical and neurophysiological assessments. People with Type 2 diabetes were then divided into three groups (17 with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 14 with painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy and 14 with no diabetic peripheral neuropathy). All had seasonal sunlight exposure and daily activity measured, underwent a lower limb skin biopsy and had 25-hydroxyvitamin D measured during the summer months, July to September. RESULTS After adjusting for age, BMI, activity score and sunlight exposure, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (nmol/l) (se) were significantly lower in people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy [painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy 34.9 (5.8), healthy volunteers 62.05 (6.7), no diabetic peripheral neuropathy 49.6 (6.1), painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy 53.1 (6.2); ANCOVAP = 0.03]. Direct logistic regression was used to assess the impact of seven independent variables on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin D was the only independent variable to make a statistically significant contribution to the model with an inverted odds ratio of 1.11. Lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels also correlated with lower cold detection thresholds (r = 0.39, P = 0.02) and subepidermal nerve fibre densities (r = 0.42, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a significant difference in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in well-characterized people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, while accounting for the main confounding factors. This suggests a possible role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Further prospective and intervention trials are required to prove causality between low vitamin D levels and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shillo
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - D Selvarajah
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | - M Greig
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - R Gandhi
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - G Rao
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - I D Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | - P Anand
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
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Hasani R, Sarma J, Kansal S. Serotonin Syndrome Induced by Combined Use of Sertraline and Linezolid. Anesth Essays Res 2019; 13:188-190. [PMID: 31031504 PMCID: PMC6444965 DOI: 10.4103/aer.aer_173_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin syndrome is a potentially fatal increase in serotonergic activity in both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The etiology can vary from therapeutic drug use, deliberate overdose, or drug interactions that all lead to an increase in serotonin activity. There are some drugs from different classes that can cause serotonin syndrome either alone at high doses or when combined. We present here a case of an 82-year-old female who presented to the emergency room with high-grade fever, loose stools, burning micturition, and tachycardia. Her current medications included sertraline for depression. She was initially treated on the floor for urosepsis and subsequently managed with antibiotic therapy consisting of cephalosporins. She did not improve so her antibiotics were modified and she was then started on linezolid. Within the first 24 h of taking linezolid, the patient had a rapid clinical deterioration manifesting as restlessness, diaphoresis, tremor, shivering, myoclonus, and high fever (40°C). She also had an acute decompensation of her mental status with disorientation and confusion. As a result, she was transferred to intensive care unit. On clinical examination, she had rigidity and hyperreflexia all the four limbs. Babinski sign was positive. Laboratory test results were unremarkable for sepsis. Sertraline and linezolid were stopped. Within 24 h, the patient's mental status had improved. By the 2nd day on this treatment regimen, the patient's function returned to baseline, and she was discharged from the hospital. Nevertheless, in our case, the administration of sertraline did not reveal any symptomatic interaction, as the serotonin syndrome was induced only after the addition of linezolid to the treatment regimen. This patient was diagnosed with serotonin syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Hasani
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Indraprastha Apollo, Delhi, India
| | - Jahnabee Sarma
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Indraprastha Apollo, Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Kansal
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Indraprastha Apollo, Delhi, India
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Therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:181-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang X, Lin H, Xu S, Jin Y, Zhang R. Alpha lipoic acid combined with epalrestat: a therapeutic option for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2827-2840. [PMID: 30233145 PMCID: PMC6135078 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s168878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a type of antioxidant, is used in combination with epalrestat in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, whether combined treatment is superior to epalrestat monotherapy is controversial. Methods We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Chinese databases to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to October 31, 2017. Data were extracted to evaluate methodological quality and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.0 software. Results Twelve studies were included. Compared to epalrestat monotherapy, ALA 600 mg/d once a day (qd) combined with epalrestat 50 mg three times a day (tid) augmented the total effectiveness rate (14 days – risk ratio [RR]: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.16–1.69, P=0.0005; 28 days – RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.27–1.72, P<0.00001); at the same, it could improve the median motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), peroneal MNCV, and SNCV after 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment and could reduce the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −1.60, 95% CI: (−2.91, −0.29), P=0.02) and Total Symptom Score (TSS) (WMD: −0.93, 95% CI: −1.27, −0.60, P<0.00001) after 21 days of treatment. The treatment strategy of ALA 300 mg/d qd combined with epalrestat 50 mg tid had the same effects in regard to the total effectiveness rate (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.18–1.59, P<0.0001), median MNCV (WMD: 6.12, 95% CI: 5.04, 7.20, P=0.00001), median SNCV (WMD: 6.70, 95% CI: 5.75, 7.65, P=0.00001), peroneal MNCV (WMD: 6.68, 95% CI: 5.82, 7.55, P=0.00001), and peroneal SNCV (WMD: 4.27, 95% CI: 3.34, 5.20, P=0.00001) after 28 days of treatment. Conclusion ALA combined with epalrestat is an effective option for DPN patients. Future large-sample RCTs should be conducted to further confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China,
| | - Haixiong Lin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Jin
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ren Zhang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China,
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Two-Point Discrimination Predicts Pain Relief after Lower Limb Nerve Decompression for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 141:397e-403e. [PMID: 29481409 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve decompression surgery has been reported to be effective for pain reduction in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this study was to characterize which patients may have more pain relief benefits in the lower limbs after nerve decompression surgery. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted. Pain levels were measured with the Numerical Rating Scale. Treatment effects were classified by either substantial relief (at least 50 percent reduction in Numerical Rating Scale score compared with preoperative Numerical Rating Scale score) or nonsubstantial relief (<50 percent reduction or worse in Numerical Rating Scale score) at 12 months based on established criteria. Sex, age, body mass index, duration of diabetes mellitus, duration of diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain, preoperative Numerical Rating Scale score, and two-point discrimination were evaluated using univariate and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The mean preoperative Numerical Rating Scale score (8.65 ± 1.29) decreased significantly 6 days (3.56 ± 2.22; p < 0.01), 6 months (3.03 ± 2.11; p < 0.01), and 12 months (3.44 ± 2.36; p < 0.01) after surgery; 64.7 percent of patients had substantial pain relief at 12 months. According to univariate and logistic regression analysis, better two-point discrimination was associated with substantial pain relief (OR, 3.700; p = 0.046, logistic regression analysis). CONCLUSIONS Nerve decompression surgery was able to alleviate pain in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Two-point discrimination may be a predictive factor for the prognosis of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy after nerve decompression surgery. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Risk, III.
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Serhiyenko VA, Serhiyenko AA. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy: Risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. World J Diabetes 2018; 9:1-24. [PMID: 29359025 PMCID: PMC5763036 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is strongly associated with approximately five-fold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. CAN manifests in a spectrum of things, ranging from resting tachycardia and fixed heart rate (HR) to development of "silent" myocardial infarction. Clinical correlates or risk markers for CAN are age, DM duration, glycemic control, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (DLP), development of other microvascular complications. Established risk factors for CAN are poor glycemic control in type 1 DM and a combination of hypertension, DLP, obesity, and unsatisfactory glycemic control in type 2 DM. Symptomatic manifestations of CAN include sinus tachycardia, exercise intolerance, orthostatic hypotension (OH), abnormal blood pressure (BP) regulation, dizziness, presyncope and syncope, intraoperative cardiovascular instability, asymptomatic myocardial ischemia and infarction. Methods of CAN assessment in clinical practice include assessment of symptoms and signs, cardiovascular reflex tests based on HR and BP, short-term electrocardiography (ECG), QT interval prolongation, HR variability (24 h, classic 24 h Holter ECG), ambulatory BP monitoring, HR turbulence, baroreflex sensitivity, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, catecholamine assessment and cardiovascular sympathetic tests, heart sympathetic imaging. Although it is common complication, the significance of CAN has not been fully appreciated and there are no unified treatment algorithms for today. Treatment is based on early diagnosis, life style changes, optimization of glycemic control and management of cardiovascular risk factors. Pathogenetic treatment of CAN includes: Balanced diet and physical activity; optimization of glycemic control; treatment of DLP; antioxidants, first of all α-lipoic acid (ALA), aldose reductase inhibitors, acetyl-L-carnitine; vitamins, first of all fat-soluble vitamin B1; correction of vascular endothelial dysfunction; prevention and treatment of thrombosis; in severe cases-treatment of OH. The promising methods include prescription of prostacyclin analogues, thromboxane A2 blockers and drugs that contribute into strengthening and/or normalization of Na+, K+-ATPase (phosphodiesterase inhibitor), ALA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), and the simultaneous prescription of ALA, ω-3 PUFAs and DGLA, but the future investigations are needed. Development of OH is associated with severe or advanced CAN and prescription of nonpharmacological and pharmacological, in the foreground midodrine and fludrocortisone acetate, treatment methods are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Serhiyenko
- Department of Endocrinology, Lviv National Medical University Named by Danylo Halitsky, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Alexandr A Serhiyenko
- Department of Endocrinology, Lviv National Medical University Named by Danylo Halitsky, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
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20
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Lewis EJH, Perkins BA, Lovblom LE, Bazinet RP, Wolever TMS, Bril V. Effect of omega-3 supplementation on neuropathy in type 1 diabetes: A 12-month pilot trial. Neurology 2017; 88:2294-2301. [PMID: 28515269 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that 12 months of seal oil omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) supplementation will stop the known progression of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS Individuals with T1DM and evidence of DSP as determined by a Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score ≥1 were recruited to participate in a single-arm, open-label trial of seal oil ω-3 PUFA supplementation (10 mL·d-1; 750 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 560 mg docosapentaenoic acid, and 1,020 mg docosahexaenoic acid) for 1 year. The primary outcome was the 1-year change in corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) measured by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy, with sensory and nerve conduction measures as secondary outcomes. RESULTS Forty participants (53% female), aged 48 ± 14 years, body mass index 28.1 ± 5.8 with diabetes duration of 27 ± 18 years, were enrolled. At baseline, 23 participants had clinical DSP and 17 did not. Baseline CNFL was 8.3 ± 2.9 mm/mm2 and increased 29% to 10.1 ± 3.7 mm/mm2 (p = 0.002) after 12 months of supplementation. There was no change in nerve conduction or sensory function. CONCLUSIONS Twelve months of ω-3 supplementation was associated with increase in CNFL in T1DM. CLINICALTRIALSGOVIDENTIFIER NCT02034266. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with T1DM and evidence of DSP, 12 months of seal oil omega-3 supplementation increases CNFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J H Lewis
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (E.J.H.L., R.P.B., T.M.S.W.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes (B.A.P., L.E.L.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto; and Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (V.B.), Division of Neurology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (E.J.H.L., R.P.B., T.M.S.W.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes (B.A.P., L.E.L.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto; and Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (V.B.), Division of Neurology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leif E Lovblom
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (E.J.H.L., R.P.B., T.M.S.W.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes (B.A.P., L.E.L.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto; and Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (V.B.), Division of Neurology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (E.J.H.L., R.P.B., T.M.S.W.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes (B.A.P., L.E.L.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto; and Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (V.B.), Division of Neurology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas M S Wolever
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (E.J.H.L., R.P.B., T.M.S.W.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes (B.A.P., L.E.L.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto; and Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (V.B.), Division of Neurology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vera Bril
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (E.J.H.L., R.P.B., T.M.S.W.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes (B.A.P., L.E.L.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto; and Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (V.B.), Division of Neurology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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Taneja G, Gupta CP, Mishra S, Srivastava R, Rahuja N, Rawat AK, Pandey J, Gupta AP, Jaiswal N, Gayen JR, Tamrakar AK, Srivastava AK, Goel A. Synthesis of substituted 2 H-benzo[ e]indazole-9-carboxylate as a potent antihyperglycemic agent that may act through IRS-1, Akt and GSK-3β pathways. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:329-337. [PMID: 30108748 PMCID: PMC6072481 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on high throughput screening of our chemical library, we identified two 4,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[e]indazole derivatives (5d and 5g), which displayed a significant effect on glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Based on these lead molecules, a series of benzo[e]indazole derivatives were prepared. Among all the synthesized dihydro-2H-benzo[e]indazoles, 8-(methylthio)-2-phenyl-6-p-tolyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[e]indazole-9-carboxylate (5e) showed significant glucose uptake stimulation in L6 skeletal muscle cells, even better than lead compounds. Additionally, 5e decreased glucagon-induced glucose release in HepG2 hepatoma cells. The 2H-benzo[e]indazole 5e exerted an antihyperglycemic effect in normal, sucrose challenged streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Treatment with 5e at a dose of 30 mg kg-1 in db/db mice caused a significant decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and increased the HDL-C level in a significant manner. The mechanistic studies revealed that the 2H-benzo[e]indazole 5e significantly stimulated insulin-induced signaling at the level of IRS-1, Akt and GSK-3β in L6 skeletal muscle cells, possibly by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B. This new 2H-benzo[e]indazole derivative has potential for the treatment of diabetes with improved lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Taneja
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India .
| | - Chandra Prakash Gupta
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India .
| | - Shachi Mishra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India .
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Biochemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Neha Rahuja
- Biochemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Arun Kumar Rawat
- Biochemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Biochemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Natasha Jaiswal
- Biochemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Biochemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | | | - Atul Goel
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India .
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Lewis EJH, Perkins BA, Lovblom LE, Bazinet RP, Wolever TMS, Bril V. Using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy to identify diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy risk profiles in patients with type 1 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2017; 5:e000251. [PMID: 28243447 PMCID: PMC5316911 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy (DSP) is the most prevalent complication in diabetes mellitus. Identifying DSP risk is essential for intervening early in the natural history of the disease. Small nerve fibers are affected earliest in the disease progression and evidence of this damage can be identified using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCCM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We applied IVCCM to a cohort of 40 patients with type 1 diabetes to identify their DSP risk profile. We measured standard IVCCM parameters including corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and performed nerve conduction studies and quantitative sensory testing. RESULTS 40 patients (53% female), with a mean age of 48±14, BMI 28.1±5.8, and diabetes duration of 27±18 years were enrolled between March 2014 and June 2015. Mean IVCCM CNFL was 12.0±5.2 mm/mm2 (normal ≥15 mm/mm2). Ten patients (26%) without DSP were identified as being at risk of future DSP with mean CNFL 11.0±2.1 mm/mm2. Six patients (15%) were at low risk of future DSP with mean CNFL 19.0±4.6 mm/mm2, while 23 (59%) had established DSP with mean CNFL 10.5±4.5 mm/mm2. CONCLUSIONS IVCCM can be used successfully to identify the risk profile for DSP in patients with type 1 diabetes. This methodology may prove useful to classify patients for DSP intervention clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J H Lewis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Lief E Lovblom
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Thomas M S Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Vera Bril
- Division of Neurology , Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Toronto General Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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Kelle B, Evran M, Ballı T, Yavuz F. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Correlation between nerve cross-sectional area on ultrasound and clinical features. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2016; 29:717-722. [PMID: 26966822 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-160676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlations of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of peripheral nerves in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients based on ultrasound (US) with clinical and demographic characteristics. METHODS A DPN patient group (n= 53) and a matched healthy control group (n= 53) underwent US imaging of the sciatic, tibial and median nerves. The CSAs of these nerves were recorded, and their associations with pain intensity according to the visual analog scale (VAS) score and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain scale score, diabetes mellitus (DM) duration, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c level and blood glucose levels were evaluated. RESULTS The CSAs of the examined nerves in diabetic patients were larger than those in healthy individuals (p< 0.05). No correlations were detected between the CSAs of the examined nerves and the parameters of interest (p> 0.05), including the VAS and LANSS pain scale scores (p= 0.32 and p= 0.31, respectively). CONCLUSIONS US is a sensitive diagnostic technique for detecting DPN; however, it does not indicate disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Kelle
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Evran
- Department of Endocrinology, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tugsan Ballı
- Department of Radiology, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital, Adana, Turkey
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Eslami R, Gharakhanlou R, Kazemi A, Dakhili AB, Sorkhkamanzadeh G, Sheikhy A. Does Endurance Training Compensate for Neurotrophin Deficiency Following Diabetic Neuropathy? IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e37757. [PMID: 28184326 PMCID: PMC5291940 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.37757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack of neurotrophic support is believed to contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy. On the other hand, neurotrophins have consistently been shown to increase in the central and peripheral nervous system following exercise, but the effects of exercise intervention on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in diabetic neuropathy are not understood. OBJECTIVES This experimental study was designed and carried out at the Tarbiat Modares university (TMU) in Tehran, Iran, to investigate the hypothesis that increased activity as endurance training can help to increase the endogenous expression of neurotrophins in diabetic rats. METHODS This was an experimental study with 2 × 2 factorial plans performed at TMU in Iran. Sampling was accidental and 28 adult male Wistar rats in the body mass range of 326.3 ± 8.4 g comprised the sample, with each rat randomly assigned to four groups: diabetic control (DC), diabetic training (DT), healthy control (HC), and healthy training (HT). To induce diabetic neuropathy, after 12 hours of food deprivation, an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) solution (45 mg/Kg) method was used. Two weeks after STZ injection, the endurance training protocol was performed for 6 weeks; 24 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed. Real-time PCR was used for BDNF and NGF expression. RESULTS The data indicate that diabetes decreases BDNF and NGF expression in sensory (92%, P = 0.01; 90%, P = 0.038, respectively) and motor (93%, P = 0.05; 60%, P = 0.029, respectively) roots. However, NGF mRNA levels in the DT group were significantly higher than in the HC group ((7.1-fold), P = 0.01; (2.2-fold), P = 0.001, respectively, for sensory and motor roots), but this was not shown for BDNF. In addition, endurance training can increase NGF expression in healthy rats ((7.4-fold), P = 0.01; (3.8-fold), P = 0.001, respectively, for sensory and motor roots). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that BDNF and NGF expression decreases in diabetic neuropathy. However, this decrease can be reversed through endurance training. These results also indicate that endurance training may have a potential role in compensating for neurotrophin deficiency following diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Eslami
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Gharakhanlou
- Physical Education Department, Faculty of Humanity and Literature, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abdolreza Kazemi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Physical Education Department, Faculty of Humanity and Literature, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Abdolreza Kazemi, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran and Physical Education Department, Faculty of Humanity and Literature, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9133982706, E-mail:
| | - Amir Bahador Dakhili
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Sorkhkamanzadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Ayob Sheikhy
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IR Iran
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Greig M, Tesfaye S, Selvarajah D, Wilkinson ID. Insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 126:559-78. [PMID: 25410244 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53480-4.00037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Painful diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (painful DPN) is a puzzle with two important missing pieces: Firstly we still do not understand why only some patients with neuropathy experience painful symptoms; Secondly we still do not have a complete understanding of how nociception generated in the peripheral nervous system is processed by the central nervous system (CNS). Available treatments offer only symptom relief and there is currently no effective treatment based on arresting or reversing the progression of disease. Therefore the management of painful DPN remains less than optimal because the complex pathophysiology of nociception and pain perception in health and disease is incompletely understood. Studies of the peripheral nervous system are investigating the molecular processes involved in signal transduction that have the potential to be interrupted or modified to ease pain. Magnetic resonance imaging techniques are helping to elucidate central pain processing pathways and describe the translation of nociception to pain. Combining the knowledge from these two streams of enquiry we will soon be able to predict accurately who will develop painful DPN, how we can halt or reverse the condition, or who will respond to symptomatic treatments. Future developments in the treatment of painful DPN will be underpinned by decoding the peripheral and central mechanisms of pain. Research is focusing on these areas of enquiry in the hope that answers will lead to effective treatments to alleviate pain and reverse pathology for those suffering from painful DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni Greig
- Diabetes Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
| | | | - Iain D Wilkinson
- Academic Radiology, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Kwai NCG, Nigole W, Poynten AM, Brown C, Krishnan AV. The Relationship between Dyslipidemia and Acute Axonal Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153389. [PMID: 27078166 PMCID: PMC4831805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus. Treatment largely consists of symptom alleviation and there is a need to identify therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of DPN. The objective of this study was to utilise novel neurophysiological techniques to investigate axonal function in patients with type 2 diabetes and to prospectively determine their relationship to serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Seventy-one patients with type 2 diabetes were consecutively recruited and tested. All patients underwent thorough clinical neurological assessments including nerve conduction studies, and median motor axonal excitability studies. Studies were also undertaken in age matched normal control subjects(n = 42). Biochemical studies, including serum lipid levels were obtained in all patients. Patient excitability data was compared to control data and linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between serum triglycerides and low density lipoproteins and excitability parameters typically abnormal in type 2 diabetic patients. Results Patient mean age was 64.2±2.3 years, mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c%) was 7.8±0.3%, mean triglyceride concentration was 1.6±0.1 mmol/L and mean cholesterol concentration was 4.1±0.2mmol/L. Compared to age matched controls, median motor axonal excitability studies indicated axonal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients as a whole (T2DM) and in a subgroup of the patients without DPN (T2DM-NN). These included reduced percentage threshold change during threshold electrotonus at 10–20ms depolarising currents (TEd10–20ms)(controls 68.4±0.8, T2DM63.9±0.8, T2DM-NN64.8±1.6%,P<0.05) and superexcitability during the recovery cycle (controls-22.5±0.9, T2DM-17.5±0.8, T2DM-NN-17.3±1.6%,P<0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed no associations between changes in axonal function and either serum triglyceride or low density lipoprotein concentration when adjusted for renal function, a separate risk factor for neuropathy development. Our findings indicate that acutely, serum lipids do not exert an acute effect on axonal function in type 2 diabetic patients: TEd(10–20ms)(1.2(-1.4,3.8);P = 0.4) and superexcitability (2.4(-0.05, 4.8);P = 0.06). Conclusions These findings suggest that serum triglyceride levels are not related to axonal function in type 2 diabetic patients. Additional pathogenic mechanisms may play a more substantial role in axonal dysfunction prior to DPN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. G. Kwai
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Nigole
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ann M. Poynten
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Brown
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arun V. Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Alabdali M, Qrimli M, Barnett C, Abraham A, Breiner A, Katzberg HD, Aljaafari D, Albulaihe H, Perkins BA, Bril V. Choosing drugs for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:1805-14. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1067680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ablin JN, Buskila D. "Real-life" treatment of chronic pain: Targets and goals. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2015; 29:111-9. [PMID: 26267005 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Treating chronic pain is a complex challenge. While textbooks and medical education classically categorize pain as originating from peripheral (nociceptive), neuropathic, or centralized origins, in real life each and every patient may present a combination of various pain sources, types, and mechanisms. Moreover, individual patients may evolve and develop differing types of pain throughout their clinical follow-up, further emphasizing the necessity to maintain clinical diligence during the evaluation and follow-up of these patients. Rational treatment of patients suffering from chronic pain must attempt at deconstructing complex pain cases, identifying variegate pain generators, and targeting them with appropriate interventions, while incorporating both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies, rather than focusing on the total pain level, which represents an integral of all pain types. Failing to recognize the coexistence of different types of pain in an individual patient and escalating medications only on the basis of total pain intensity are liable to lead to both ineffective control of pain and increased untoward effects. In the current review, we outline strategies for deconstructing complex pain and therapeutic suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob N Ablin
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Dan Buskila
- Department of Medicine H, Soroka Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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Sun M, Zhang M, Shen J, Yan J, Zhou B. Critical appraisal of international guidelines for the management of diabetic neuropathy: is there global agreement in the internet era? Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:519032. [PMID: 26000014 PMCID: PMC4426819 DOI: 10.1155/2015/519032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The management of diabetic neuropathy (DN) can be challenging. There exist many guidelines for DN management, but the quality of these guidelines has not been systematically evaluated or compared. The objective of our study was to assess the quality of these guidelines as a step toward their future optimization, the development of international guidelines, and, ultimately, the improvement of the care process. Methods. Relevant data were selected to identify international guidelines. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool was used to evaluate the quality of the selected guidelines. In addition, the reviewers summarized and compared all of the recommendations from the included guidelines for DN's management. Results. Thirteen guidelines were included after the selection process. According to AGREE II, few guidelines scored well for all three aspects of DN management. Detailed comparisons revealed that these guidelines provide inconsistent recommendations, making it difficult for diabetes clinicians to choose appropriate guideline. Conclusions. The quality of most guidelines for the management of DN should be improved. Further studies should concentrate on developing internationally accepted and evidence-based guidelines that could be used for clinical decision making to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juping Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Serhiyenko VA, Serhiyenko AA. Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy: Do we have any treatment perspectives? World J Diabetes 2015; 6:245-258. [PMID: 25789106 PMCID: PMC4360418 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i2.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a serious and common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite its relationship to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and its association with multiple symptoms and impairments, the significance of CAN has not been fully appreciated. CAN among DM patients is characterized review the latest evidence and own data regarding the treatment and the treatment perspectives for diabetic CAN. Lifestyle modification, intensive glycemic control might prevent development or progression of CAN. Pathogenetic treatment of CAN includes: balanced diet and physical activity; optimization of glycemic control; treatment of dyslipoproteinemia; correction of metabolic abnormalities in myocardium; prevention and treatment of thrombosis; use of aldose reductase inhibitors; dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), acetyl-L-carnitine, antioxidants, first of all α-lipoic acid (α-LA), use of long-chain ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs), vasodilators, fat-soluble vitamin B1, aminoguanidine; substitutive therapy of growth factors, in severe cases-treatment of orthostatic hypotension. The promising methods include research and use of tools that increase blood flow through the vasa vasorum, including prostacyclin analogues, thromboxane A2 blockers and drugs that contribute into strengthening and/or normalization of Na+, K+-ATPase (phosphodiesterase inhibitor), α-LA, DGLA, ω-3 PUFAs, and the simultaneous prescription of α-LA, ω-3 PUFA and DGLA.
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Javed S, Petropoulos IN, Alam U, Malik RA. Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2015; 6:15-28. [PMID: 25553239 DOI: 10.1177/2040622314552071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a debilitating consequence of diabetes that may be present in as many as one in five patients with diabetes. The objective assessment of PDN is difficult, making it challenging to diagnose and assess in both clinical practice and clinical trials. No single treatment exists to prevent or reverse neuropathic changes or to provide total pain relief. Treatment of PDN is based on three major approaches: intensive glycaemic control and risk factor management, treatments based on pathogenetic mechanisms, and symptomatic pain management. Clinical guidelines recommend pain relief in PDN through the use of antidepressants such as amitriptyline and duloxetine, the γ-aminobutyric acid analogues gabapentin and pregabalin, opioids and topical agents such as capsaicin. Of these medications, duloxetine and pregabalin were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 and tapentadol extended release was approved in 2012 for the treatment of PDN. Proposed pathogenetic treatments include α-lipoic acid (stems reactive oxygen species formation), benfotiamine (prevents vascular damage in diabetes) and aldose-reductase inhibitors (reduces flux through the polyol pathway). There is a growing need for studies to evaluate the most potent drugs or combinations for the management of PDN to maximize pain relief and improve quality of life. A number of agents are potential candidates for future use in PDN therapy, including Nav 1.7 antagonists, N-type calcium channel blockers, NGF antibodies and angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Javed
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility (3rd floor), 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Ioannis N Petropoulos
- School of Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester, UK
| | - Uazman Alam
- School of Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, and Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- School of Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK, and Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar
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Sirdah MM. Protective and therapeutic effectiveness of taurine in diabetes mellitus: a rationale for antioxidant supplementation. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2015; 9:55-64. [PMID: 25366895 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Taurine, 2-amino ethanesulfonic acid, is a conditionally essential β amino acid which is not utilized in protein synthesis. Taurine is one of the most abundant free amino acids in mammals tissues and is one of the three well-known sulfur-containing amino acids; the others are methionine and cysteine which are considered as the precursors for taurine synthesis. Different scientific studies emphasize on the cytoprotective properties of taurine which included antioxidation, antiapoptosis, membrane stabilization, osmoregulation, and neurotransmission. Protective and therapeutic ameliorations of oxidative stress-induced pathologies were also attributed to taurine both in experimental and human models. Data demonstrating the beneficial effectiveness of taurine against type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and their complications are growing and providing a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Although the clinical studies are limited compared to the experimental ones, the present updated systematic review of the literature is set up to provide experimental and clinical evidences regarding the effectiveness of taurine in the context of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Gathering these scientific effects of taurine on diabetes mellitus could provide the physicians and specially the endocrinologists with a comprehensive overview on possible trends in the prevention and management of the disease and its complications through antioxidant supplementation.
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Park SY, Kim YA, Hong YH, Moon MK, Koo BK, Kim TW. Up-regulation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in the skin biopsy specimens of patients with severe diabetic neuropathy. J Clin Neurol 2014; 10:334-41. [PMID: 25324883 PMCID: PMC4198715 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2014.10.4.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) may contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy. To assess its relevance in humans, this study examined the expression of RAGE in the skin biopsy samples of patients with diabetes mellitus, and investigated its correlation with intraepidermal nerve-fiber density (IENFD) and clinical measures of neuropathy severity. METHODS Forty-four patients who either had type 2 diabetes or were prediabetes underwent clinical evaluation and a 3-mm skin punch biopsy. The clinical severity of their neuropathy was assessed using the Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score. IENFD was measured along with immunohistochemical staining for RAGE in 29 skin biopsy samples. The expression of RAGE was also quantified by real-time reverse-transcription PCR in the remaining 15 patients. RESULTS RAGE was localized mostly in the dermal and subcutaneous vascular endothelia. The staining was more intense in patients with a lower IENFD (p=0.004). The quantity of RAGE mRNA was significantly higher in patients with severe neuropathy than in those with no or mild neuropathy (p=0.003). The up-regulation of RAGE was related to dyslipidemia and diabetic nephropathy. There was a trend toward decreased sural nerve action-potential amplitude and slowed peroneal motor-nerve conduction with increasing RAGE expression. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrate up-regulation of RAGE in skin biopsy samples from patients with diabetic neuropathy, supporting a pathogenic role of RAGE in the development of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Park
- Department of Neurology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Kyong Moon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyeong Koo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kodaira M, Inui K, Kakigi R. Evaluation of nociceptive Aδ- and C-fiber dysfunction with lidocaine using intraepidermal electrical stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:1870-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bouhassira D, Wilhelm S, Schacht A, Perrot S, Kosek E, Cruccu G, Freynhagen R, Tesfaye S, Lledó A, Choy E, Marchettini P, Micó JA, Spaeth M, Skljarevski V, Tölle T. Neuropathic pain phenotyping as a predictor of treatment response in painful diabetic neuropathy: data from the randomized, double-blind, COMBO-DN study. Pain 2014; 155:2171-9. [PMID: 25168665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sensory profiles are heterogeneous in neuropathic pain disorders, and subgroups of patients respond differently to treatment. To further explore this, patients in the COMBO-DN study were prospectively assessed by the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) at baseline, after initial 8-week therapy with either duloxetine or pregabalin, and after subsequent 8-week combination/high-dose therapy. Exploratory post hoc cluster analyses were performed to identify and characterize potential subgroups through their scores in the NPSI items. In patients not responding to initial 60 mg/d duloxetine, adding 300 mg/d pregabalin for combination treatment was particularly effective regarding the dimensions pressing pain and evoked pain, whereas maximizing the duloxetine dose to 120 mg/d appeared more beneficial regarding paresthesia/dysesthesia. In contrast, adding 60 mg/d duloxetine to 300 mg/d pregabalin in case of nonresponse to initial pregabalin led to numerically higher decreases in all NPSI dimensions/items compared to maximizing the pregabalin dose to 600 mg/d. Cluster analysis revealed 3 patient clusters (defined by baseline scores for the 10 NPSI sensory items) with different pain profiles, not only in terms of overall pain severity, but also across NPSI items. Mean Brief Pain Inventory average pain improved in all clusters during combination/high-dose therapy. However, in patients with severe pain, the treatment effect showed a trend in favor of high-dose monotherapy, whereas combination therapy appeared to be more beneficial in patients with moderate and mild pain (not significant). These complementary exploratory analyses further endorse the idea that sensory phenotyping might lead to a more stratified treatment and potentially to personalized pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Bouhassira
- INSERM U987 Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Regional Medical Affairs, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schacht
- Global Statistical Sciences, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Serge Perrot
- INSERM U-987 Centre de la Douleur, Hôpital Hotel Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giorgio Cruccu
- Sapienza University, Department of Neurology & Psychiatry, Roma, Italy
| | - Rainer Freynhagen
- Zentrum für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Schmerztherapie & Palliativmedizin, Benedictus Krankenhaus, Tutzing, und Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alberto Lledó
- Departamento de Neurología, Clínica Creu Blanca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Choy
- Section of Rheumatology, Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paolo Marchettini
- Pain Medicine Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital San Raffaele, Milano, Italy and Pain Pathophysiology and Therapy, University of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Juan Antonio Micó
- Department of Neuroscience, CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Thomas Tölle
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität, München, Germany
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Goel A, Nag P, Rahuja N, Srivastava R, Chaurasia S, Gautam S, Chandra S, Siddiqi MI, Srivastava AK. Discovery of biaryl-4-carbonitriles as antihyperglycemic agents that may act through AMPK-p38 MAPK pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 394:1-12. [PMID: 24993155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of functionalized biaryl-4-carbonitriles was synthesized in three steps and evaluated for PTP-1B inhibitory activity. Among the synthesized compounds, four biaryls 6a-d showed inhibition (IC50 58-75 μM) against in vitro PTP-1B assay possibly due to interaction with amino acid residues Lys120, Tyr46 through hydrogen bonding and aromatic-aromatic interactions, respectively. Two biaryl-4-carbonitriles 6b and 6c showed improved glucose tolerance, fasting as well as postprandial blood glucose, serum total triglycerides, and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in SLM, STZ, STZ-S and C57BL/KsJ-db/db animal models. The bioanalysis of 4'-bromo-2,3-dimethyl-5-(piperidin-1-yl)biphenyl-4-carbonitrile (6b) revealed that like insulin, it increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells (L6 and C2C12 myotubes). The compound 6b significantly up-regulated the genes related to the insulin signaling pathways like AMPK, MAPK including glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) gene in muscle tissue of C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Furthermore, it was observed that the compound 6b up-regulated PPARα, UCP2 and HNF4α, which are key regulator of glucose, lipid, and fatty acid metabolism. Western blot analysis of the compound 6b showed that it significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and p38 MAPK and ameliorated glucose uptake in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice through the AMPK-p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goel
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Pankaj Nag
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Neha Rahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sumit Chaurasia
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sudeep Gautam
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Arvind K Srivastava
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
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Regulatory effect of electroacupuncture on ceramide galactosyltransferase expression in sciatic nerve of experimental diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-014-0737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sałat K, Głuch-Lutwin M, Nawieśniak B, Gawlik K, Pawlica-Gosiewska D, Witalis J, Kazek G, Filipek B, Librowski T, Więckowski K, Solnica B. Influence of analgesic active 3-[4-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-dihydrofuran-2-one on the antioxidant status, glucose utilization and lipid accumulation in somein vitroandex vivoassays. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:204-11. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.879973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sałat K, Librowski T, Nawiesniak B, Gluch-Lutwin M. Evaluation of analgesic, antioxidant, cytotoxic and metabolic effects of pregabalin for the use in neuropathic pain. Neurol Res 2013; 35:948-58. [PMID: 23816319 DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to evaluate analgesic, antioxidant, metabolic, and cytotoxic effects of pregabalin (PGB), which is widely applied for the treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes in diabetic patients. METHODS We used the streptozotocin (STZ) model of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) in mice and we measured the effect of intraperitoneally administered PGB on tactile and thermal nociceptive thresholds in the von Frey and hot plate assays, respectively. The influence of PGB on the motor coordination of diabetic animals was investigated in the rotarod test. In vitro in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cell lines cytotoxicity of PGB, its influence on glucose utilization, and lipid accumulation were assessed. The antioxidant capacity of PGB was evaluated spectrophotometrically using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method. RESULTS Pregabalin was a very efficacious antiallodynic and analgesic drug capable of increasing the pain thresholds for tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic mice. In the von Frey test at a dose of 30 mg/kg it elevated the pain threshold for 168% versus diabetic control and in the hot plate test this dose prolonged the latency time to pain reaction for 130% versus control value of diabetic mice. No motor deficits were observed in PGB-treated diabetic animals. In vitro PGB did not influence glucose utilization or lipid accumulation. No antioxidant or cytotoxic effects of PGB were observed at concentrations 1-100 μM. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our experiments demonstrated significant antiallodynic and analgesic properties of PGB in mice. In vitro studies showed that this drug is metabolically neutral. It did not cause motor coordination impairments in diabetic animals either. These effects might be of great importance for diabetic patients.
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Diabetic neuropathy and oxidative stress: therapeutic perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:168039. [PMID: 23738033 PMCID: PMC3655656 DOI: 10.1155/2013/168039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a widespread disabling disorder comprising peripheral nerves' damage. DN develops on a background of hyperglycemia and an entangled metabolic imbalance, mainly oxidative stress. The majority of related pathways like polyol, advanced glycation end products, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, hexosamine, and protein kinase c all originated from initial oxidative stress. To date, no absolute cure for DN has been defined; although some drugs are conventionally used, much more can be found if all pathophysiological links with oxidative stress would be taken into account. In this paper, although current therapies for DN have been reviewed, we have mainly focused on the links between DN and oxidative stress and therapies on the horizon, such as inhibitors of protein kinase C, aldose reductase, and advanced glycation. With reference to oxidative stress and the related pathways, the following new drugs are under study such as taurine, acetyl-L-carnitine, alpha lipoic acid, protein kinase C inhibitor (ruboxistaurin), aldose reductase inhibitors (fidarestat, epalrestat, ranirestat), advanced glycation end product inhibitors (benfotiamine, aspirin, aminoguanidine), the hexosamine pathway inhibitor (benfotiamine), inhibitor of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (nicotinamide), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (trandolapril). The development of modern drugs to treat DN is a real challenge and needs intensive long-term comparative trials.
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Samartzis L, Savvari P, Kontogiannis S, Dimopoulos S. Linezolid is associated with serotonin syndrome in a patient receiving amitriptyline, and fentanyl: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Psychiatry 2013; 2013:617251. [PMID: 23533900 PMCID: PMC3603624 DOI: 10.1155/2013/617251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a unique case of an adverse interaction between the oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid, the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline and the opioid analgesic fentanyl in a 68-year-old woman with advanced ischemic peripheral arterial disease and sepsis, under empirical antibiotic treatment. We also summarize the current relevant literature as identified via PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO as well as reference sections of selected articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Samartzis
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Athalassa Psychiatric Hospital, 1452 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paraskevi Savvari
- 2Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofoklis Kontogiannis
- 2Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Dimopoulos
- 2Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
- *Stavros Dimopoulos:
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