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Ramond P, Siano R, Sourisseau M, Logares R. Assembly processes and functional diversity of marine protists and their rare biosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:59. [PMID: 37443126 PMCID: PMC10347826 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms shaping the rare microbial biosphere and its role in ecosystems remain unclear. We developed an approach to study ecological patterns in the rare biosphere and use it on a vast collection of marine microbiomes, sampled in coastal ecosystems at a regional scale. We study the assembly processes, and the ecological strategies constituting the rare protistan biosphere. Using the phylogeny and morpho-trophic traits of these protists, we also explore their functional potential. RESULTS Taxonomic community composition remained stable along rank abundance curves. Conditionally rare taxa, driven by selection processes, and transiently rare taxa, with stochastic distributions, were evidenced along the rank abundance curves of all size-fractions. Specific taxa within the divisions Sagenista, Picozoa, Telonemia, and Choanoflagellida were rare across time and space. The distribution of traits along rank abundance curves outlined a high functional redundancy between rare and abundant protists. Nevertheless, trophic traits illustrated an interplay between the trophic groups of different size-fractions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that rare and abundant protists are evolutionary closely related, most notably due to the high microdiversity found in the rare biosphere. We evidenced a succession of assembly processes and strategies of rarity along rank abundance curves that we hypothesize to be common to most microbiomes at the regional scale. Despite high functional redundancy in the rare protistan biosphere, permanently rare protists were evidenced, and they could play critical functions as bacterivores and decomposers from within the rare biosphere. Finally, changes in the composition of the rare protistan biosphere could be influenced by the trophic regime of aquatic ecosystems. Our work contributes to understanding the role of rare protists in microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Ramond
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08003, Spain.
| | - Raffaele Siano
- DYNECO/Pelagos, Ifremer-Centre de Brest, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Marc Sourisseau
- DYNECO/Pelagos, Ifremer-Centre de Brest, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08003, Spain
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Weigel B, Kotamäki N, Malve O, Vuorio K, Ovaskainen O. Macrosystem community change in lake phytoplankton and its implications for diversity and function. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY : A JOURNAL OF MACROECOLOGY 2023; 32:295-309. [PMID: 37081858 PMCID: PMC10107180 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim We use lake phytoplankton community data to quantify the spatio-temporal and scale-dependent impacts of eutrophication, land-use and climate change on species niches and community assembly processes while accounting for species traits and phylogenetic constraints. Location Finland. Time period 1977-2017. Major taxa Phytoplankton. Methods We use hierarchical modelling of species communities (HMSC) to model metacommunity trajectories at 853 lakes over four decades of environmental change, including a hierarchical spatial structure to account for scale-dependent processes. Using a "region of common profile" approach, we evaluate compositional changes of species communities and trait profiles and investigate their temporal development. Results We demonstrate the emergence of novel and widespread community composition clusters in previously more compositionally homogeneous communities, with cluster-specific community trait profiles, indicating functional differences. A strong phylogenetic signal of species responses to the environment implies similar responses among closely related taxa. Community cluster-specific species prevalence indicates lower taxonomic dispersion within the current dominant clusters compared with the historically dominant cluster and an overall higher prevalence of smaller species sizes within communities. Our findings denote profound spatio-temporal structuring of species co-occurrence patterns and highlight functional differences of lake phytoplankton communities. Main conclusions Diverging community trajectories have led to a nationwide reshuffling of lake phytoplankton communities. At regional and national scales, lakes are not single entities but metacommunity hubs in an interconnected waterscape. The assembly mechanisms of phytoplankton communities are strongly structured by spatio-temporal dynamics, which have led to novel community types, but only a minor part of this reshuffling could be linked to temporal environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weigel
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Olli Malve
- Finnish Environment InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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Skouroliakou DI, Breton E, Irion S, Artigas LF, Christaki U. Stochastic and Deterministic Processes Regulate Phytoplankton Assemblages in a Temperate Coastal Ecosystem. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0242722. [PMID: 36222680 PMCID: PMC9769578 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02427-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the relative contributions of the interacting deterministic and stochastic ecological processes for phytoplankton community assembly is crucial in understanding and predicting community organization and succession at different temporal and spatial scales. In this study, we hypothesized that deterministic and stochastic ecological processes regulating phytoplankton, present seasonal and repeating patterns. This hypothesis was explored during a 5-year survey (287 samples) conducted at a small spatial scale (~15km) in a temperate coastal ecosystem (eastern English Channel). Microscopy and flow cytometry quantified phytoplankton abundance and biomass, while metabarcoding data allowed an extended evaluation of diversity and the exploration of the ecological processes regulating phytoplankton using null model analysis. Alpha diversity of phytoplankton was governed by the effect of environmental conditions (environmental filtering). Temporal community turnover (beta diversity) evidenced a consistent interannual pattern that determined the phytoplankton seasonal structure. In winter and early spring (from January to March), determinism (homogeneous selection) was the major process in the phytoplankton community assembly. The overall mean in the year was 38%. Stochastic processes (ecological drift) prevailed during the rest of the year from April to December, where the overall mean for the year was 55%. The maximum values were recorded in late spring and summer, which often presented recurrent and transient monospecific phytoplankton peaks. Overall, the prevalence of stochastic processes rendered less predictable seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton communities to future environmental change. IMPORTANCE While ecological deterministic processes are conducive to modeling, stochastic ones are far less predictable. Understanding the overall assembly processes of phytoplankton is critical in tracking and predicting future changes. The novelty of this study was that it addressed a long-posed question, on a pluriannual scale. Was seasonal phytoplankton succession influenced by deterministic processes (e.g., abiotic environment) or by stochastic ones (e.g., dispersal, or ecological drift)? Our results provided strong support for a seasonal and repeating pattern with stochastic processes (drift) prevailing during most of the year and periods with monospecific phytoplankton peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsa Breton
- University Littoral Côte d’Opale, CNRS, Wimereux, France
| | - Solène Irion
- University Littoral Côte d’Opale, CNRS, Wimereux, France
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Ramond P, Siano R, Schmitt S, de Vargas C, Marié L, Memery L, Sourisseau M. Phytoplankton taxonomic and functional diversity patterns across a coastal tidal front. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2682. [PMID: 33514820 PMCID: PMC7846791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceanic physics at fine scale; e.g. eddies, fronts, filaments; are notoriously difficult to sample. However, an increasing number of theoretical approaches hypothesize that these processes affect phytoplankton diversity which have cascading effects on regional ecosystems. In 2015, we targeted the Iroise Sea (France) and evidenced the setting up of the Ushant tidal front from the beginning of spring to late summer. Seawater samples were taken during three sampling cruises and DNA-barcoding allowed us to investigate patterns of eukaryotic phytoplankton diversity across this front. First focusing on patterns of taxonomic richness, we evidenced that the front harbored a hotspot of eukaryotic phytoplankton diversity sustained throughout summer. We then detail the ecological processes leading to the formation of this hotspot by studying shifts in community composition across the Iroise Sea. Physical mixing mingled the communities surrounding the front, allowing the formation of a local ecotone, but it was cycles of disturbances and nutrient inputs over the front that allowed a decrease in competitive exclusion, which maintained a higher diversity of rare phytoplankton taxa. These processes did not select a specific ecological strategy as inferred by a trait approach coupled to our taxonomic approach. Instead the front favored higher richness within widespread strategies, resulting in functional redundancy. We detail how fine-scale ocean physics affect phytoplankton diversity and suppose that this interplay is a major control on regional ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Ramond
- grid.464101.60000 0001 2203 0006Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR7144-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff, France ,Ifremer-Centre de Brest, DYNECO/Pelagos, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France ,grid.10914.3d0000 0001 2227 4609Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ-Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Raffaele Siano
- Ifremer-Centre de Brest, DYNECO/Pelagos, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Sophie Schmitt
- Ifremer-Centre de Brest, DYNECO/Pelagos, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- grid.464101.60000 0001 2203 0006Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR7144-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff, France ,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Louis Marié
- grid.503286.aLaboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), UMR 6523 Univ. Brest, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Plouzané, France
| | - Laurent Memery
- grid.463763.30000 0004 0638 0577Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement MARin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 Univ. Brest, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Plouzané, France
| | - Marc Sourisseau
- Ifremer-Centre de Brest, DYNECO/Pelagos, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Borics G, Abonyi A, Salmaso N, Ptacnik R. Freshwater phytoplankton diversity: models, drivers and implications for ecosystem properties. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2021; 848:53-75. [PMID: 32836348 PMCID: PMC7334633 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding on phytoplankton diversity has largely been progressing since the publication of Hutchinson on the paradox of the plankton. In this paper, we summarise some major steps in phytoplankton ecology in the context of mechanisms underlying phytoplankton diversity. Here, we provide a framework for phytoplankton community assembly and an overview of measures on taxonomic and functional diversity. We show how ecological theories on species competition together with modelling approaches and laboratory experiments helped understand species coexistence and maintenance of diversity in phytoplankton. The non-equilibrium nature of phytoplankton and the role of disturbances in shaping diversity are also discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the role of water body size, productivity of habitats and temperature on phytoplankton species richness, and how diversity may affect the functioning of lake ecosystems. At last, we give an insight into molecular tools that have emerged in the last decades and argue how it has broadened our perspective on microbial diversity. Besides historical backgrounds, some critical comments have also been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Borics
- Department of Tisza Research, Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Bem tér 18/c, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary
- GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - András Abonyi
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser-Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Nico Salmaso
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Robert Ptacnik
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser-Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
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Ehrlich E, Kath NJ, Gaedke U. The shape of a defense-growth trade-off governs seasonal trait dynamics in natural phytoplankton. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:1451-1462. [PMID: 32127656 PMCID: PMC7242350 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Theory predicts that trade-offs, quantifying costs of functional trait adjustments, crucially affect community trait adaptation to altered environmental conditions, but empirical verification is scarce. We evaluated trait dynamics (antipredator defense, maximum growth rate, and phosphate affinity) of a lake phytoplankton community in a seasonally changing environment, using literature trait data and 21 years of species-resolved high-frequency biomass measurements. The trait data indicated a concave defense-growth trade-off, promoting fast-growing species with intermediate defense. With seasonally increasing grazing pressure, the community shifted toward higher defense levels at the cost of lower growth rates along the trade-off curve, while phosphate affinity explained some deviations from it. We discuss how low fitness differences of species, inferred from model simulations, in concert with stabilizing mechanisms, e.g., arising from further trait dimensions, may lead to the observed phytoplankton diversity. In conclusion, quantifying trade-offs is key for predictions of community trait adaptation and biodiversity under environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Ehrlich
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Nadja J Kath
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ursula Gaedke
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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7
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Vermeiren P, Reichert P, Schuwirth N. Integrating uncertain prior knowledge regarding ecological preferences into multi-species distribution models: Effects of model complexity on predictive performance. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.108956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Hofmann P, Chatzinotas A, Harpole WS, Dunker S. Temperature and stoichiometric dependence of phytoplankton traits. Ecology 2019; 100:e02875. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Microbiology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
| | - Antonis Chatzinotas
- Department of Environmental Microbiology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - W. Stanley Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 Halle (Saale) 06108 Germany
| | - Susanne Dunker
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
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9
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Kain MP, Bolker BM. Predicting West Nile virus transmission in North American bird communities using phylogenetic mixed effects models and eBird citizen science data. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:395. [PMID: 31395085 PMCID: PMC6686473 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted disease of birds that has caused bird population declines and can spill over into human populations. Previous research has identified bird species that infect a large fraction of the total pool of infected mosquitoes and correlate with human infection risk; however, these analyses cover small spatial regions and cannot be used to predict transmission in bird communities in which these species are rare or absent. Here we present a mechanistic model for WNV transmission that predicts WNV spread (R0) in any bird community in North America by scaling up from the physiological responses of individual birds to transmission at the level of the community. We predict unmeasured bird species' responses to infection using phylogenetic imputation, based on these species' phylogenetic relationships with bird species with measured responses. RESULTS We focused our analysis on Texas, USA, because it is among the states with the highest total incidence of WNV in humans and is well sampled by birders in the eBird database. Spatio-temporal patterns: WNV transmission is primarily driven by temperature variation across time and space, and secondarily by bird community composition. In Texas, we predicted WNV R0 to be highest in the spring and fall when temperatures maximize the product of mosquito transmission and survival probabilities. In the most favorable months for WNV transmission (April, May, September and October), we predicted R0 to be highest in the "Piney Woods" and "Oak Woods & Prairies" ecoregions of Texas, and lowest in the "High Plains" and "South Texas Brush County" ecoregions. Dilution effect: More abundant bird species are more competent hosts for WNV, and predicted WNV R0 decreases with increasing species richness. Keystone species: We predicted that northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) are the most important hosts for amplifying WNV and that mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) are the most important sinks of infection across Texas. CONCLUSIONS Despite some data limitations, we demonstrate the power of phylogenetic imputation in predicting disease transmission in heterogeneous host communities. Our mechanistic modeling framework shows promise both for assisting future analyses on transmission and spillover in heterogeneous multispecies pathogen systems and for improving model transparency by clarifying assumptions, choices and shortcomings in complex ecological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan P. Kain
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Benjamin M. Bolker
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
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10
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The importance of nonrandom and random trait patterns in phytoplankton communities: a case study from Lake Müggelsee, Germany. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-019-0424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Manching HC, Carlson K, Kosowsky S, Smitherman CT, Stapleton AE. Maize Phyllosphere Microbial Community Niche Development Across Stages of Host Leaf Growth. F1000Res 2017; 6:1698. [PMID: 29623190 PMCID: PMC5861518 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12490.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The phyllosphere hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, which can play a positive role in the success of the host plant. Bacterial communities in the phylloplane are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, including host plant surface topography and chemistry, which change in concert with microbial communities as the plant leaves develop and age. Methods: We examined how the
Zea mays L. leaf microbial community structure changed with plant age. Ribosomal spacer length and scanning electron microscopic imaging strategies were used to assess microbial community composition across maize plant ages, using a novel staggered experimental design. Results: Significant changes in community composition were observed for both molecular and imaging analyses, and the two analysis methods provided complementary information about bacterial community structure within each leaf developmental stage. Conclusions: Both taxonomic and cell-size trait patterns provided evidence for niche-based contributions to microbial community development on leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Manching
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kara Carlson
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA.,North Carolina Museum of Science, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sean Kosowsky
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - C Tyler Smitherman
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA.,Nestlé, Inc., Danville, NC, USA
| | - Ann E Stapleton
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
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12
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Hagstrom GI, Levin SA. Marine Ecosystems as Complex Adaptive Systems: Emergent Patterns, Critical Transitions, and Public Goods. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Edwards KF. Community trait structure in phytoplankton: seasonal dynamics from a method for sparse trait data. Ecology 2016; 97:3441-3451. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle F. Edwards
- Department of Oceanography; University of Hawai'i; Honolulu Hawai'i USA
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14
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A light-induced shortcut in the planktonic microbial loop. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29286. [PMID: 27404551 PMCID: PMC4941531 DOI: 10.1038/srep29286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixotrophs combine photosynthesis with phagotrophy to cover their demands in energy and essential nutrients. This gives them a competitive advantage under oligotropihc conditions, where nutrients and bacteria concentrations are low. As the advantage for the mixotroph depends on light, the competition between mixo- and heterotrophic bacterivores should be regulated by light. To test this hypothesis, we incubated natural plankton from the ultra-oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean in a set of mesocosms maintained at 4 light levels spanning a 10-fold light gradient. Picoplankton (heterotrophic bacteria (HB), pico-sized cyanobacteria, and small-sized flagellates) showed the fastest and most marked response to light, with pronounced predator-prey cycles, in the high-light treatments. Albeit cell specific activity of heterotrophic bacteria was constant across the light gradient, bacterial abundances exhibited an inverse relationship with light. This pattern was explained by light-induced top-down control of HB by bacterivorous phototrophic eukaryotes (PE), which was evidenced by a significant inverse relationship between HB net growth rate and PE abundances. Our results show that light mediates the impact of mixotrophic bacterivores. As mixo- and heterotrophs differ in the way they remineralize nutrients, these results have far-reaching implications for how nutrient cycling is affected by light.
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15
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Schuwirth N, Reichert P. Bridging the gap between theoretical ecology and real ecosystems: modeling invertebrate community composition in streams. Ecology 2013; 94:368-79. [PMID: 23691656 DOI: 10.1890/12-0591.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, we combine concepts of theoretical food web modeling, the metabolic theory of ecology, and ecological stoichiometry with the use of functional trait databases to predict the coexistence of invertebrate taxa in streams. We developed a mechanistic model that describes growth, death, and respiration of different taxa dependent on various environmental influence factors to estimate survival or extinction. Parameter and input uncertainty is propagated to model results. Such a model is needed to test our current quantitative understanding of ecosystem structure and function and to predict effects of anthropogenic impacts and restoration efforts. The model was tested using macroinvertebrate monitoring data from a catchment of the Swiss Plateau. Even without fitting model parameters, the model is able to represent key patterns of the coexistence structure of invertebrates at sites varying in external conditions (litter input, shading, water quality). This confirms the suitability of the model concept. More comprehensive testing and resulting model adaptations will further increase the predictive accuracy of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Schuwirth
- Eawag--Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland.
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16
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Barton AD, Pershing AJ, Litchman E, Record NR, Edwards KF, Finkel ZV, Kiørboe T, Ward BA. The biogeography of marine plankton traits. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:522-34. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Barton
- Environmental Sciences Program; Mt. Allison University; Sackville NB E4L 1A7 Canada
- Earth and Ocean Sciences; Nicholas School of the Environment; Duke University; Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Andrew J. Pershing
- University of Maine and Gulf of Maine Research Institute; Portland ME 04101 USA
| | - Elena Litchman
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station; Michigan State University; Hickory Corners MI 49060 USA
- Centre for Ocean Life; National Institute for Aquatic Resources; Technical University of Denmark; Charlottenlund DK-2930 Denmark
| | - Nicholas R. Record
- University of Maine and Gulf of Maine Research Institute; Portland ME 04101 USA
- Earth and Oceanographic Science; Bowdoin College; Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Kyle F. Edwards
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station; Michigan State University; Hickory Corners MI 49060 USA
| | - Zoe V. Finkel
- Environmental Sciences Program; Mt. Allison University; Sackville NB E4L 1A7 Canada
| | - Thomas Kiørboe
- Centre for Ocean Life; National Institute for Aquatic Resources; Technical University of Denmark; Charlottenlund DK-2930 Denmark
| | - Ben A. Ward
- CERES-ERTI; École Normale Supérieure; 24 Rue Lhomond Paris 75005 France
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Donald DB, Bogard MJ, Finlay K, Bunting L, Leavitt PR. Phytoplankton-specific response to enrichment of phosphorus-rich surface waters with ammonium, nitrate, and urea. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53277. [PMID: 23349705 PMCID: PMC3547936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Supply of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) to the biosphere has tripled since 1960; however, little is known of how in situ response to N fertilisation differs among phytoplankton, whether species response varies with the chemical form of N, or how interpretation of N effects is influenced by the method of analysis (microscopy, pigment biomarkers). To address these issues, we conducted two 21-day in situ mesocosm (3140 L) experiments to quantify the species- and genus-specific responses of phytoplankton to fertilisation of P-rich lake waters with ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), and urea ([NH2]2CO). Phytoplankton abundance was estimated using both microscopic enumeration of cell densities and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of algal pigments. We found that total algal biomass increased 200% and 350% following fertilisation with NO3− and chemically-reduced N (NH4+, urea), respectively, although 144 individual taxa exhibited distinctive responses to N, including compound-specific stimulation (Planktothrix agardhii and NH4+), increased biomass with chemically-reduced N alone (Scenedesmus spp., Coelastrum astroideum) and no response (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Ceratium hirundinella). Principle components analyses (PCA) captured 53.2–69.9% of variation in experimental assemblages irrespective of the degree of taxonomic resolution of analysis. PCA of species-level data revealed that congeneric taxa exhibited common responses to fertilisation regimes (e.g., Microcystis aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae, M. botrys), whereas genera within the same division had widely divergent responses to added N (e.g., Anabaena, Planktothrix, Microcystis). Least-squares regression analysis demonstrated that changes in phytoplankton biomass determined by microscopy were correlated significantly (p<0.005) with variations in HPLC-derived concentrations of biomarker pigments (r2 = 0.13–0.64) from all major algal groups, although HPLC tended to underestimate the relative abundance of cyanobacteria. Together, these findings show that while fertilisation of P-rich lakes with N can increase algal biomass, there is substantial variation in responses of genera and divisions to specific chemical forms of added N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B. Donald
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Bogard
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kerri Finlay
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lynda Bunting
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Peter R. Leavitt
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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Edwards KF, Klausmeier CA, Litchman E. Evidence for a three-way trade-off between nitrogen and phosphorus competitive abilities and cell size in phytoplankton. Ecology 2012; 92:2085-95. [PMID: 22164833 DOI: 10.1890/11-0395.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trade-offs among functional traits are essential for explaining community structure and species coexistence. While two-way trade-offs have been investigated in many systems, higher-dimensional trade-offs remain largely hypothetical. Here we demonstrate a three-way trade-off between cell size and competitive abilities for nitrogen and phosphorus in marine and freshwater phytoplankton. At a given cell size, competitive abilities for N and P are negatively correlated, but as cell size increases, competitive ability decreases for both nutrients. The relative importance of the two trade-off axes appears to be environment dependent, suggesting different selective pressures: freshwater phytoplankton separate more along the N vs. P competition axis, and marine phytoplankton separate more along the nutrient competition vs. cell size axis. Our results demonstrate the multidimensional nature of key trade-offs among traits and suggest that such trade-offs may drive species interactions and structure ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle F Edwards
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060, USA.
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