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Auditory mismatch detection, distraction, and attentional reorientation (MMN-P3a-RON) in neurological and psychiatric disorders: A review. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 146:85-100. [PMID: 31654696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Involuntary attention allows for the detection and processing of novel and potentially relevant stimuli that lie outside of cognitive focus. These processes comprise change detection in sensory contexts, automatic orientation toward this change, and the selection of adaptive responses, including reorientation to the original goal in cases when the detected change is not relevant for task demands. These processes have been studied using the Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique and have been associated to the Mismatch Negativity (MMN), the P3a, and the Reorienting Negativity (RON) electrophysiological components, respectively. This has allowed for the objective evaluation of the impact of different neuropsychiatric pathologies on involuntary attention. Additionally, these ERP have been proposed as alternative measures for the early detection of disease and the tracking of its progression. The objective of this review was to integrate the results reported to date about MMN, P3a, and RON in different neurological and psychiatric disorders. We included experimental studies with clinical populations that reported at least two of these three components in the same experimental paradigm. Overall, involuntary attention seems to reflect the state of cognitive integrity in different pathologies in adults. However, if the main goal for these ERP is to consider them as biomarkers, more research about their pathophysiological specificity in each disorder is needed, as well as improvement in the general experimental conditions under which these components are elicited. Nevertheless, these ERP represent a valuable neurophysiological tool for early detection and follow-up of diverse clinical populations.
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2
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Ramlakhan JU, Zomorrodi R, Downar J, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ, George TP, Kiang M, Barr MS. Using Mismatch Negativity to Investigate the Pathophysiology of Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid Psychosis. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:226-237. [PMID: 29502434 DOI: 10.1177/1550059418760077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) have a devastating impact on society and place a heavy burden on health care systems. Given that alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use have the highest prevalence, further understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of these SUDs is crucial. Electroencephalography is an inexpensive, temporally superior, and translatable technique which enables investigation of the pathobiology of SUDs through the evaluation of various event-related potential components, including mismatch negativity (MMN). The goals of this review were to investigate the effects of acute and chronic alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use on MMN among nonpsychiatric populations and patients with comorbid psychosis. A literature search was performed using the database PubMed, and 36 articles met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. We found a pattern of attenuation of MMN amplitude among patients with alcoholism across acute and chronic alcohol use, and this dysregulation was not heritable. Reports were limited, and results were mixed on the effects of acute and chronic tobacco and cannabis use on MMN. Reports on comorbid SUDs and psychosis were even fewer, and also presented mixed findings. These preliminary results suggest that MMN deficits may be associated with SUDs, specifically alcohol use disorder, and serve as a possible biomarker for treating these common disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica U Ramlakhan
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Division of Mood and Anxiety, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Biobehavioural Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Laboratory (BACDRL), Additions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reza Zomorrodi
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Division of Mood and Anxiety, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Downar
- 3 Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5 Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Division of Mood and Anxiety, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5 Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Division of Mood and Anxiety, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5 Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- 2 Biobehavioural Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Laboratory (BACDRL), Additions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5 Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kiang
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Division of Mood and Anxiety, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5 Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mera S Barr
- 1 Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Division of Mood and Anxiety, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5 Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Bartha-Doering L, Deuster D, Giordano V, am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen A, Dobel C. A systematic review of the mismatch negativity as an index for auditory sensory memory: From basic research to clinical and developmental perspectives. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:1115-30. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bartha-Doering
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Dirk Deuster
- Department of Phoniatry and Pedaudiology; University Hospital of Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Vito Giordano
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Christian Dobel
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology and the Institute of Phoniatry and Pedaudiology; Friedrich-Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
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4
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Chitty KM, Kaur M, Lagopoulos J, Hickie IB, Hermens DF. Risky alcohol use predicts temporal mismatch negativity impairments in young people with bipolar disorder. Biol Psychol 2014; 99:60-8. [PMID: 24594113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse in bipolar disorder (BD) has a negative impact on illness progression. The NMDA/glutamatergic system is implicated in BD pathophysiology and is critically involved in the effects of alcohol on the brain. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is purported to reflect NMDA receptor output, providing a measure for investigating this association. Forty-two patients and 34 controls (16-30 years) were split into low and high-risk drinkers (based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and underwent a two-tone passive auditory oddball, duration deviant MMN paradigm. Multiple regression models revealed risky drinking and BD diagnosis were predictors of impaired temporal MMN. Potentially reflecting an additive effect of alcohol on a perturbed NMDA/glutamatergic system in BD, these findings highlight alcohol as both a modifiable risk factor of neurobiological impairments and as a potential confounder in MMN studies. Given the increasing use of glutamatergic agents for BD treatment, this finding is important clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Chitty
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Manreena Kaur
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Rangaswamy M, Porjesz B. Understanding alcohol use disorders with neuroelectrophysiology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 125:383-414. [PMID: 25307587 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits associated with impairments in various brain regions and neural circuitries, particularly involving frontal lobes, have been associated with chronic alcoholism, as well as with a predisposition to develop alcohol use and related disorders (AUDs). AUD is a multifactorial disorder caused by complex interactions between behavioral, genetic, and environmental liabilities. Neuroelectrophysiologic techniques are instrumental in understanding brain and behavior relationships and have also proved very useful in evaluating the genetic diathesis of alcoholism. This chapter describes findings from neuroelectrophysiologic measures (electroencephalogram, event-related potentials, and event-related oscillations) related to acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the brain and those that reflect underlying deficits related to a predisposition to develop AUDs and related disorders. The utility of these measures as effective endophenotypes to identify and understand genes associated with brain electrophysiology, cognitive networks, and AUDs has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Rangaswamy
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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The mismatch negativity (MMN)--a unique window to disturbed central auditory processing in ageing and different clinical conditions. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 123:424-58. [PMID: 22169062 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we review clinical research using the mismatch negativity (MMN), a change-detection response of the brain elicited even in the absence of attention or behavioural task. In these studies, the MMN was usually elicited by employing occasional frequency, duration or speech-sound changes in repetitive background stimulation while the patient was reading or watching videos. It was found that in a large number of different neuropsychiatric, neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as in normal ageing, the MMN amplitude was attenuated and peak latency prolonged. Besides indexing decreased discrimination accuracy, these effects may also reflect, depending on the specific stimulus paradigm used, decreased sensory-memory duration, abnormal perception or attention control or, most importantly, cognitive decline. In fact, MMN deficiency appears to index cognitive decline irrespective of the specific symptomatologies and aetiologies of the different disorders involved.
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Naatanen R, Kujala T, Kreegipuu K, Carlson S, Escera C, Baldeweg T, Ponton C. The mismatch negativity: an index of cognitive decline in neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases and in ageing. Brain 2011; 134:3435-53. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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8
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Duncan CC, Barry RJ, Connolly JF, Fischer C, Michie PT, Näätänen R, Polich J, Reinvang I, Van Petten C. Event-related potentials in clinical research: guidelines for eliciting, recording, and quantifying mismatch negativity, P300, and N400. Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 120:1883-1908. [PMID: 19796989 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes recommended methods for the use of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in clinical research and reviews applications to a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Techniques are presented for eliciting, recording, and quantifying three major cognitive components with confirmed clinical utility: mismatch negativity (MMN), P300, and N400. Also highlighted are applications of each of the components as methods of investigating central nervous system pathology. The guidelines are intended to assist investigators who use ERPs in clinical research, in an effort to provide clear and concise recommendations and thereby to standardize methodology and facilitate comparability of data across laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie C Duncan
- Clinical Psychophysiology and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Robert J Barry
- School of Psychology and Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - John F Connolly
- Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
| | - Catherine Fischer
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital and INSERM U821, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Risto Näätänen
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John Polich
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cyma Van Petten
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
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9
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Näätänen R. Mismatch negativity (MMN) as an index of central auditory system plasticity. Int J Audiol 2009; 47 Suppl 2:S16-20. [DOI: 10.1080/14992020802340116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Strelnikov K. Can mismatch negativity be linked to synaptic processes? A glutamatergic approach to deviance detection. Brain Cogn 2007; 65:244-51. [PMID: 17513027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to provide a theoretical framework to elucidate the neurophysiological underpinnings of deviance detection as reflected by mismatch negativity. A six-step model of the information processing necessary for deviance detection is proposed. In this model, predictive coding of learned regularities is realized by means of long-term potentiation with a crucial role for NMDA receptors. Mismatch negativity occurs at the last stage of the model, reflecting the increase in free energy associated with the switching on of silent synapses and the formation of new neural circuits required for adaptation to the environmental deviance. The model is discussed with regard to the pathological states most studied in relation to mismatch negativity: alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuzma Strelnikov
- Brain and Cognition Research Center CerCo, University of Toulouse 3, Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, UMR 5549, 133 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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11
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The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: a review. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:2544-90. [PMID: 17931964 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1673] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present article, the basic research using the mismatch negativity (MMN) and analogous results obtained by using the magnetoencephalography (MEG) and other brain-imaging technologies is reviewed. This response is elicited by any discriminable change in auditory stimulation but recent studies extended the notion of the MMN even to higher-order cognitive processes such as those involving grammar and semantic meaning. Moreover, MMN data also show the presence of automatic intelligent processes such as stimulus anticipation at the level of auditory cortex. In addition, the MMN enables one to establish the brain processes underlying the initiation of attention switch to, conscious perception of, sound change in an unattended stimulus stream.
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Marco-Pallarés J, Ruffini G, Polo MD, Gual A, Escera C, Grau C. Mismatch negativity impairment associated with alcohol consumption in chronic alcoholics: A scalp current density study. Int J Psychophysiol 2007; 65:51-7. [PMID: 17449124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies, based on amplitude and latency measurements of auditory event-related brain potentials, yielded inconclusive results about the status of mismatch negativity (MMN) in chronic alcoholics. The present study explores scalp current density (SCD) dynamics during MMN latency range in alcoholics, and correlates electrical SCD results with clinical data of the patients. SCD was computed from 30 electrodes in 16 abstinent chronic alcoholics and 16 healthy control volunteers in a paradigm on MMN elicited by duration changes. Reduced activity was observed in left frontal and right anterior and posterior temporal areas during MMN in alcoholics. Alcohol consumption correlated negatively with SCD intensity in these regions. Delayed activation was observed in the left posterior temporal area in the patients. Alcohol abstinence duration correlated positively with SCD intensity in this region. These results point to an impairment of automatic brain processing mechanisms associated with auditory change detection in chronic alcoholism. The present results suggest a reorganization of the computational neurodynamics of automatic auditory change detection linked to the amount of alcohol consumed in abstinent chronic alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marco-Pallarés
- Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 171, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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13
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Kujala T, Tervaniemi M, Schröger E. The mismatch negativity in cognitive and clinical neuroscience: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Biol Psychol 2007; 74:1-19. [PMID: 16844278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the event-related brain potentials has become popular in cognitive and clinical brain research during the recent years. It is an early response to a violation of an auditory rule such as an infrequent change in the physical feature of a repetitive sound. There is a lot of evidence on the association of the MMN parameters and behavioral discrimination ability, although this relationship is not always straight-forward. Since the MMN reflects sound discrimination accuracy, it can be used for probing how well different groups of individuals perceive sound differences, and how training or remediation affects this ability. In the present review, we first introduce some of the essential MMN findings in probing sound discrimination, memory, and their deficits. Thereafter, issues which need to be taken into account in MMN investigations as well as new improved recording paradigms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teija Kujala
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Porjesz B, Rangaswamy M, Kamarajan C, Jones KA, Padmanabhapillai A, Begleiter H. The utility of neurophysiological markers in the study of alcoholism. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:993-1018. [PMID: 15826840 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2004.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Revised: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review attempts to differentiate neuroelectric measures (electroencephalogram (EEG), event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related oscillations (EROs)) related to acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the brain from those that reflect underlying deficits related to the predisposition to develop alcoholism and related disorders. The utility of these neuroelectric measures as endophenotypes for psychiatric genetics is evaluated. METHODS This article reviews the main findings of EEG and ERP abnormalities in alcoholics, offspring of alcoholics at high risk to develop alcoholism and the electrophysiological effects of alcohol on high risk compared to low-risk offspring. It highlights findings using EROs, a fast developing tool in examining brain function and cognition. It also reviews evidence of genetic findings related to these electrophysiological measures and their relationship to clinical diagnosis. RESULTS Many of these abnormal neuroelectric measures are under genetic control, may precede the development of alcoholism, and may be markers of a predisposition toward the development of a spectrum of disinhibitory conditions including alcoholism. Genetic loci underlying some neuroelectic measures that involve neurotransmitter systems of the brain have been identified. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative neuroelectric measures (EEG, ERPs, EROs) provide valuable endophenotypes in the study of genetic risk to develop alcoholism and related disorders. SIGNIFICANCE Genetic studies of neuroelectric endophenotypes offer a powerful strategy for identifying susceptibility genes for developing psychiatric disorders, and provide novel insights into etiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Porjesz
- Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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Chao LL, Meyerhoff DJ, Cardenas VA, Rothlind JC, Weiner MW. Abnormal CNV in chronic heavy drinkers. Clin Neurophysiol 2003; 114:2081-95. [PMID: 14580606 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used the contingent negative variation (CNV), a slow negative shift in the human electroencephalogram, to investigate the effects of heavy chronic alcohol use on frontal lobe function. METHODS Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 30 heavy drinkers (HD) and 30 age-, sex-, and education-matched light or non-drinkers (LD), using a classical two-stimulus reaction time (RT) paradigm. Structural magnetic resonance images and neuropsychological tests were also administered. RESULTS The amplitude of the late CNV was significantly reduced in HD relative to light drinkers. Moreover, diminished CNV amplitudes in HD appear to be closely related to the amount of recent alcohol consumption. There were no significant differences in neuropsychological measures of frontal lobe function and frontal lobe volume between light and HD. However, in HD, reduced late CNV amplitudes were associated with decreased frontal lobe gray matter volume and poor performance on the Trail Making Test B. In LD but not in HD, late CNV amplitude correlated positively with RT, suggesting that the late CNV reflects some aspect of motor and cognitive preparation. CONCLUSIONS The inverse relationships between frontal lobe gray matter volume, performance on the Trail Making Test B, and late CNV amplitude in HD suggest that the ERP abnormalities observed in the current study may be indices of alcohol-related damage to the frontal lobe. The lack of a significant relationship between CNV amplitude and RT in HD suggests that chronic heavy alcohol use may disrupt response preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Chao
- Magnetic Resonance Unit, 116R San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California-San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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Abstract
This article provides a selective review on the perspectives of the clinical research and application of the mismatch negativity (MMN), a component of the auditory event-related potential generated by the brain's automatic response to any discriminable change in auditory stimulation. The MMN (and its magnetic equivalent MMNm) currently provide the only objective measure of auditory discrimination and sensory memory. It can be registered in the absence of attention and with no task requirements, which makes it particularly suitable for studying different clinical populations and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto Näätänen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 20 C), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Polo MD, Escera C, Yago E, Alho K, Gual A, Grau C. Electrophysiological evidence of abnormal activation of the cerebral network of involuntary attention in alcoholism. Clin Neurophysiol 2003; 114:134-46. [PMID: 12495774 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased distractibility is a common impairment in alcoholism, but objective evidence has remained elusive. Here, a task designed to investigate with event-related brain potentials (ERPs) the neural mechanism underlying distraction was used to show abnormal involuntary orienting of attention in chronic alcoholism. METHODS Fifteen alcoholics and 17 matched healthy controls were instructed to ignore auditory stimuli while concentrating in the discrimination of immediately following visual stimuli. The auditory sequences contained repetitive standard tones occasionally replaced by deviant tones of slightly higher frequency, or by complex novel sounds. RESULTS Deviant tones and novel sounds distracted visual performance, i.e. increased reaction time to visual stimuli, similarly in patients and controls. Compared to controls, however, alcoholics showed ERP abnormalities, i.e. enhanced P3a amplitudes over the left frontal region, and a positive posterior deflection instead of the frontally distributed reorienting negativity (RON). CONCLUSIONS The enhanced P3a to novelty and subsequent positive wave instead of RON in alcoholics suggests encoding into working memory of task-irrelevant auditory events and provides neurophysiological markers of impaired involuntary attention mechanisms in chronic alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Polo
- Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, P. Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Herreros de Tejada P, Muñoz Tedó C. The decade 1989-1998 in Spanish psychology: an analysis of research in psychobiology. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2001; 4:219-36. [PMID: 11723643 DOI: 10.1017/s113874160000576x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an analysis of the research published during the 1989-1998 decade by tenured Spanish faculty members from the area of psychobiology. Database search and direct correspondence with the 110 faculty members rendered a list of 904 psychobiological papers. Classification and analysis of these papers led to the definition of at least 70 different research trends. Topics are grouped into several specific research areas: Learning and Memory; Development and Neural Plasticity; Emotion and Stress; Ethology; Neuropsychology; Sensory Processing; and Psychopharmacology. The international dissemination of this research, published in journals of high impact index, and the increasing number of papers are two noteworthy features.
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19
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Grau C, Polo MD, Yago E, Gual A, Escera C. Auditory sensory memory as indicated by mismatch negativity in chronic alcoholism. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112:728-31. [PMID: 11336886 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A pre-conscious auditory sensory (echoic) memory of about 10 s duration can be studied with the event-related brain potential mismatch negativity (MMN). Previous work indicates that this memory is preserved in abstinent chronic alcoholics for a duration of up to 2 s. The authors' aim was to determine the integrity of auditory sensory memory as indexed by MMN in chronic alcoholism, when this memory has to be functionally active for a longer period of time. METHODS The presence of MMN for stimuli that differ in duration was tested at memory probe intervals (MPIs) of 0.4 and 5.0 s in 17 abstinent chronic alcoholic patients and in 17 healthy age-matched control subjects. RESULTS MMN was similar in alcoholics and controls when the MPI was 0.4 s, whereas MMN could not be observed in the patients when the MPI was increased to 5.0 s. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence of an impairment of auditory sensory memory in abstinent chronic alcoholics, whereas the automatic stimulus-change detector mechanism, involved in MMN generation, is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grau
- Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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