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Andolfo I, Monaco V, Cozzolino F, Rosato BE, Marra R, Cerbone V, Pinto VM, Forni GL, Unal S, Iolascon A, Monti M, Russo R. Proteome alterations in erythrocytes with PIEZO1 gain-of-function mutations. Blood Adv 2023; 7:2681-2693. [PMID: 36595486 PMCID: PMC10333744 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in PIEZO1 cause dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS) or hereditary xerocytosis, an autosomal dominant hemolytic anemia characterized by high reticulocyte count, a tendency to macrocytosis, and mild jaundice, as well as by other variably penetrant clinical features, such as perinatal edema, severe thromboembolic complications after splenectomy, and hepatic iron overload. PIEZO1 mutations in DHS lead to slowed inactivation kinetics of the ion channel and/or facilitation of channel opening in response to physiological stimuli. To characterize the alterations of red blood cell proteome in patients with mutated PIEZO1, we used a differential approach to compare the proteome of patients with DHS (16 patients from 13 unrelated ancestries) vs healthy individuals. We identified new components in the regulation of the complex landscape of erythrocytes ion and volume balance mediated by PIEZO1. Specifically, the main impaired processes in patients with DHS were ion homeostasis, transmembrane transport, regulation of vesicle-mediated transport, and the proteasomal catabolic process. Functional assays demonstrated coexpression of PIEZO1 and band 3 when PIEZO1 was activated. Moreover, the alteration of the vesicle-mediated transport was functionally demonstrated by an increased vesiculation rate in patients with DHS compared with healthy controls. This finding also provides an explanation of the pathogenetic mechanism underlying the increased thrombotic rate observed in these patients. Finally, the newly identified proteins, involved in the intracellular signaling pathways altered by PIEZO1 mutations, could be used in the future as potential druggable targets in DHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittoria Monaco
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Eleni Rosato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Marra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Maria Pinto
- Centro della Microcitemia, delle Anemie Congenite e dei Disordini del Metabolismo del Ferro, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Forni
- Centro della Microcitemia, delle Anemie Congenite e dei Disordini del Metabolismo del Ferro, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sule Unal
- Research Center for Fanconi Anemia and Other Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
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2
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Mei C, Peng F, Yin W, Xu W, Yao R, Li B, Zhou R, Fan X, Li N. Increased suicidal erythrocyte death in patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G9-G20. [PMID: 35411804 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00050.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Anemia is a common complication of hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HB-ACLF). Eryptosis, a suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and red blood cell-derived microparticle (RMP) generation, decreases erythrocyte lifespan. Herein, we investigated whether enhanced eryptosis is involved in the anemia pathophysiology associated with HB-ACLF. PS exposure, cell volume, cytosolic Ca2+, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined using flow cytometry. RMPs were extracted using a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based method. We found that hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were significantly lower in patients with HB-ACLF than in healthy controls (HC), patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and patients with cirrhosis. The direct antiglobulin test positive rate was 75.9% in patients with HB-ACLF while its intensity was associated with anemia. The ratio of abnormal erythrocytes was higher in patients with HB-ACLF than in HC, CHB, and cirrhosis. The percentage of PS-exposed erythrocytes was higher in patients with HB-ACLF (2.07 ± 0.11%) compared with HC (0.37 ± 0.05%), CHB (0.38 ± 0.03%), and cirrhosis (0.38 ± 0.04%). The cytosolic Ca2+ and ROS abundance were also higher in patients with HB-ACLF compared with HC, patients with CHB, and patients with cirrhosis, and were inversely correlated with the anemia in patients with HB-ACLF. PS exposure of erythrocytes collected from HC was significantly pronounced following incubation in plasma from patients with HB-ACLF compared with incubation in plasma from HC. The protein concentration and RMPs size significantly increased in patients with HB-ACLF compared with HC. Thus, the anemia in patients with HB-ACLF is associated with increased eryptosis, which is partially triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+ and oxidative stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a critical syndrome characterized by multiple organ failures and high short-term mortality. A common complication of HB-ACLF is anemia, however, the mechanism of anemia in HB-ACLF remains to be elucidated. We confirm that the accelerated eryptosis is involved in the pathophysiology of anemia associated with HB-ACLF, which progressively aggravates the clinical outcome. Our study illustrates the mechanism regarding the anemia pathogenesis of HB-ACLF, which may be utilized further toward therapeutic ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Mei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenyu Yin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Run Yao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bijuan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Pretorius L, Taute H, Van Rooy M, Oberholzer HM. Investigating the ultrastructural and viscoelastic characteristics of whole blood after exposure to the heavy metals cadmium, lead and chromium, alone and in combination. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:323-333. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2075999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Pretorius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - H Taute
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - M Van Rooy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - HM Oberholzer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
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Protein Profiling of Malaria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Distinct Subtypes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040397. [PMID: 35448366 PMCID: PMC9033066 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is caused by obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Red blood cells (RBCs) infected with different stages of Plasmodium spp. release extracellular vesicles (EVs). Extensive studies have recently shown that these EVs are involved in key aspects of the parasite’s biology and disease pathogenesis. However, they are yet to be fully characterized. The blood stages of Plasmodium spp., namely the rings, trophozoites and schizonts, are phenotypically distinct, hence, may induce the release of characteristically different EVs from infected RBCs. To gain insights into the biology and biogenesis of malaria EVs, it is important to characterize their biophysical and biochemical properties. By differential centrifugation, we isolated EVs from in vitro cultures of RBCs infected with different stages of Plasmodium falciparum. We performed a preliminary characterization of these EVs and observed that important EV markers were differentially expressed in EVs with different sedimentation properties as well as across EVs released from ring-, trophozoite- or schizont-infected RBCs. Our findings show that RBCs infected with different stages of malaria parasites release EVs with distinct protein expression profiles.
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5
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Therapeutic applications of mitochondrial transplantation. Biochimie 2022; 195:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Božič D, Hočevar M, Kisovec M, Pajnič M, Pađen L, Jeran M, Bedina Zavec A, Podobnik M, Kogej K, Iglič A, Kralj-Iglič V. Stability of Erythrocyte-Derived Nanovesicles Assessed by Light Scattering and Electron Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312772. [PMID: 34884574 PMCID: PMC8657685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increasing amounts of attention due to their potential use in diagnostics and therapy, but the poor reproducibility of the studies that have been conducted on these structures hinders their breakthrough into routine practice. We believe that a better understanding of EVs stability and methods to control their integrity are the key to resolving this issue. In this work, erythrocyte EVs (hbEVs) were isolated by centrifugation from suspensions of human erythrocytes that had been aged in vitro. The isolate was characterised by scanning (SEM) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), flow cytometry (FCM), dynamic/static light scattering (LS), protein electrophoresis, and UV-V spectrometry. The hbEVs were exposed to various conditions (pH (4–10), osmolarity (50–1000 mOsm/L), temperature (15–60 °C), and surfactant Triton X-100 (10–500 μM)). Their stability was evaluated by LS by considering the hydrodynamic radius (Rh), intensity of scattered light (I), and the shape parameter (ρ). The morphology of the hbEVs that had been stored in phosphate-buffered saline with citrate (PBS–citrate) at 4 °C remained consistent for more than 6 months. A change in the media properties (50–1000 mOsm/L, pH 4–10) had no significant effect on the Rh (=100–130 nm). At pH values below 6 and above 8, at temperatures above 45 °C, and in the presence of Triton X-100, hbEVs degradation was indicated by a decrease in I of more than 20%. Due to the simple preparation, homogeneous morphology, and stability of hbEVs under a wide range of conditions, they are considered to be a suitable option for EV reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Božič
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.B.); (M.P.); (L.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute of Metals and Technology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Matic Kisovec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (A.B.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Manca Pajnič
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.B.); (M.P.); (L.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Ljubiša Pađen
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.B.); (M.P.); (L.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Marko Jeran
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.B.); (M.P.); (L.P.); (M.J.)
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Apolonija Bedina Zavec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (A.B.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (A.B.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Ksenija Kogej
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.B.); (M.P.); (L.P.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-4172-0766
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7
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Robert M, Laperrousaz B, Piedrahita D, Gautier EF, Nemkov T, Dupuy F, Nader E, Salnot V, Mayeux P, D'Alessandro A, Lavazec C, Joly P, Scheer A, Connes P, Cibiel A. Multiparametric characterization of red blood cell physiology after hypotonic dialysis based drug encapsulation process. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:2089-2102. [PMID: 35847505 PMCID: PMC9279626 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) can act as carriers for therapeutic agents and can substantially improve the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of many drugs. Maintaining RBCs integrity and lifespan is important for the efficacy of RBCs as drug carrier. We investigated the impact of drug encapsulation by hypotonic dialysis on RBCs physiology and integrity. Several parameters were compared between processed RBCs loaded with l-asparaginase (“eryaspase”), processed RBCs without drug and non-processed RBCs. Processed RBCs were less hydrated and displayed a reduction of intracellular content. We observed a change in the metabolomic but not in the proteomic profile of processed RBCs. Encapsulation process caused moderate morphological changes and was accompanied by an increase of RBCs-derived Extracellular Vesicles release. Despite a decrease in deformability, processed RBCs were not mechanically retained in a spleen-mimicking device and had increased surface-to-volume ratio and osmotic resistance. Processed RBCs half-life was not significantly affected in a mouse model and our previous phase 1 clinical study showed that encapsulation of asparaginase in RBCs prolonged its in vivo half-life compared to free forms. Our study demonstrated that encapsulation by hypotonic dialysis may affect certain characteristics of RBCs but does not significantly affect the in vivo longevity of RBCs or their drug carrier function.
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8
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Livshits L, Barshtein G, Arbell D, Gural A, Levin C, Guizouarn H. Do We Store Packed Red Blood Cells under "Quasi-Diabetic" Conditions? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070992. [PMID: 34356616 PMCID: PMC8301930 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is one of the most common therapeutic procedures in modern medicine. Although frequently lifesaving, it often has deleterious side effects. RBC quality is one of the critical factors for transfusion efficacy and safety. The role of various factors in the cells’ ability to maintain their functionality during storage is widely discussed in professional literature. Thus, the extra- and intracellular factors inducing an accelerated RBC aging need to be identified and therapeutically modified. Despite the extensively studied in vivo effect of chronic hyperglycemia on RBC hemodynamic and metabolic properties, as well as on their lifespan, only limited attention has been directed at the high sugar concentration in RBCs storage media, a possible cause of damage to red blood cells. This mini-review aims to compare the biophysical and biochemical changes observed in the red blood cells during cold storage and in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Given the well-described corresponding RBC alterations in NIDDM and during cold storage, we may regard the stored (especially long-stored) RBCs as “quasi-diabetic”. Keeping in mind that these RBC modifications may be crucial for the initial steps of microvascular pathogenesis, suitable preventive care for the transfused patients should be considered. We hope that our hypothesis will stimulate targeted experimental research to establish a relationship between a high sugar concentration in a storage medium and a deterioration in cells’ functional properties during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Livshits
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Gregory Barshtein
- Biochemistry Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-6758309
| | - Dan Arbell
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Alexander Gural
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Carina Levin
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel;
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Hélène Guizouarn
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, 28 Av. Valrose, 06100 Nice, France;
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9
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Rapid clearance of storage-induced microerythrocytes alters transfusion recovery. Blood 2021; 137:2285-2298. [PMID: 33657208 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Permanent availability of red blood cells (RBCs) for transfusion depends on refrigerated storage, during which morphologically altered RBCs accumulate. Among these, a subpopulation of small RBCs, comprising type III echinocytes, spheroechinocytes, and spherocytes and defined as storage-induced microerythrocytes (SMEs), could be rapidly cleared from circulation posttransfusion. We quantified the proportion of SMEs in RBC concentrates from healthy human volunteers and assessed correlation with transfusion recovery, investigated the fate of SMEs upon perfusion through human spleen ex vivo, and explored where and how SMEs are cleared in a mouse model of blood storage and transfusion. In healthy human volunteers, high proportion of SMEs in long-stored RBC concentrates correlated with poor transfusion recovery. When perfused through human spleen, 15% and 61% of long-stored RBCs and SMEs were cleared in 70 minutes, respectively. High initial proportion of SMEs also correlated with high retention of RBCs by perfused human spleen. In the mouse model, SMEs accumulated during storage. Transfusion of long-stored RBCs resulted in reduced posttransfusion recovery, mostly due to SME clearance. After transfusion in mice, long-stored RBCs accumulated predominantly in spleen and were ingested mainly by splenic and hepatic macrophages. In macrophage-depleted mice, splenic accumulation and SME clearance were delayed, and transfusion recovery was improved. In healthy hosts, SMEs were cleared predominantly by macrophages in spleen and liver. When this well-demarcated subpopulation of altered RBCs was abundant in RBC concentrates, transfusion recovery was diminished. SME quantification has the potential to improve blood product quality assessment. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02889133.
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Nader E, Conran N, Romana M, Connes P. Vasculopathy in Sickle Cell Disease: From Red Blood Cell Sickling to Vascular Dysfunction. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1785-1803. [PMID: 33792905 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary disorder that leads to the production of an abnormal hemoglobin, hemoglobin S (HbS). HbS polymerizes in deoxygenated conditions, which can prompt red blood cell (RBC) sickling and leaves the RBCs more rigid, fragile, and prone to hemolysis. SCD patients suffer from a plethora of complications, ranging from acute complications, such as characteristic, frequent, and debilitating vaso-occlusive episodes to chronic organ damage. While RBC sickling is the primary event at the origin of vaso-occlusive processes, other factors that can further increase RBC transit times in the microcirculation may also be required to precipitate vaso-occlusive processes. The adhesion of RBC and leukocytes to activated endothelium and the formation of heterocellular aggregates, as well as increased blood viscosity, are among the mechanisms involved in slowing the progress of RBCs in deoxygenated vascular areas, favoring RBC sickling and promoting vascular occlusion. Chronic inflammatory processes and oxidative stress, which are perpetuated by hemolytic events and ischemia-reperfusion injury, result in this pan cellular activation and some acute events, such as stroke and acute chest syndrome, as well as chronic end-organ damage. Furthermore, impaired vasodilation and vasomotor hyperresponsiveness in SCD also contribute to vaso-occlusive processes. Treating SCD as a vascular disease in addition to its hematological perspective, the present article looks at the interplay between abnormal RBC physiology/integrity, vascular dysfunction and clinical severity in SCD, and discusses existing therapies and novel drugs in development that may ameliorate vascular complications in the disease. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1785-1803, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Conran
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Marc Romana
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.,Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
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11
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Piety NZ, Stutz J, Yilmaz N, Xia H, Yoshida T, Shevkoplyas SS. Microfluidic capillary networks are more sensitive than ektacytometry to the decline of red blood cell deformability induced by storage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:604. [PMID: 33436749 PMCID: PMC7804960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ektacytometry has been the primary method for evaluating deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) in both research and clinical settings. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the flow of RBCs through a network of microfluidic capillaries could provide a more sensitive assessment of the progressive impairment of RBC deformability during hypothermic storage than ektacytometry. RBC units (n = 9) were split in half, with one half stored under standard (normoxic) conditions and the other half stored hypoxically, for up to 6 weeks. RBC deformability was measured weekly using two microfluidic devices, an artificial microvascular network (AMVN) and a multiplexed microcapillary network (MMCN), and two commercially available ektacytometers (RheoScan-D and LORRCA). By week 6, the elongation indexes measured with RheoScan-D and LORRCA decreased by 5.8–7.1% (5.4–6.9% for hypoxic storage). Over the same storage duration, the AMVN perfusion rate declined by 27.5% (24.5% for hypoxic) and the MMCN perfusion rate declined by 49.0% (42.4% for hypoxic). Unlike ektacytometry, both AMVN and MMCN measurements showed statistically significant differences between the two conditions after 1 week of storage. RBC morphology deteriorated continuously with the fraction of irreversibly-damaged (spherical) cells increasing significantly faster for normoxic than for hypoxic storage. Consequently, the number of MMCN capillary plugging events and the time MMCN capillaries spent plugged was consistently lower for hypoxic than for normoxic storage. These data suggest that capillary networks are significantly more sensitive to both the overall storage-induced decline of RBC deformability, and to the differences between the two storage conditions, than ektacytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Z Piety
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julianne Stutz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Nida Yilmaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | | | - Sergey S Shevkoplyas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA.
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Microvesicle Formation Induced by Oxidative Stress in Human Erythrocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100929. [PMID: 32998418 PMCID: PMC7650597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by different cell types play an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. In physiological conditions, red blood cell (RBC)-derived EVs compose 4–8% of all circulating EVs, and oxidative stress (OS) as a consequence of different pathophysiological conditions significantly increases the amount of circulated RBC-derived EVs. However, the mechanisms of EV formation are not yet fully defined. To analyze OS-induced EV formation and RBC transformations, we used flow cytometry to evaluate cell esterase activity, caspase-3 activity, and band 3 clustering. Band 3 clustering was additionally analyzed by confocal microscopy. Two original laser diffraction-based approaches were used for the analysis of cell deformability and band 3 activity. Hemoglobin species were characterized spectrophotometrically. We showed that cell viability in tert-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced OS directly correlated with oxidant concentration to cell count ratio, and that RBC-derived EVs contained hemoglobin oxidized to hemichrome (HbChr). OS induced caspase-3 activation and band 3 clustering in cells and EVs. Importantly, we showed that OS-induced EV formation is independent of calcium. The presented data indicated that during OS, RBCs eliminated HbChr by vesiculation in order to sacrifice the cell itself, thereby prolonging lifespan and delaying the untimely clearance of in all other respects healthy RBCs.
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13
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Lu M, Shevkoplyas SS. Dynamics of shape recovery by stored red blood cells during washing at the single cell level. Transfusion 2020; 60:2370-2378. [PMID: 32748970 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermic storage transforms red blood cells (RBC) from smooth biconcave discocytes into increasingly spherical spiculated echinocytes and, ultimately, fragile spherocytes (S). Individual cells undergo this transformation at different rates, producing a heterogeneous mixture of RBCs at all stages of echinocytosis in each unit of stored blood. Here we investigated how washing (known to positively affect RBC properties) changes morphology of individual RBCs at the single-cell level. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We tracked the change in shape of individual RBCs (n = 2870; drawn from six 4- to 6-week-old RBC units) that were confined in an array of microfluidic wells during washing in saline (n = 1095), 1% human serum albumin (1% HSA) solution (n = 999), and the autologous storage supernatant (control, n = 776). RESULTS Shape recovery proceeded through the disappearance of spicules followed by the progressive smoothening of the RBC contour, with the majority of changes occurring within the initial 10 minutes of being exposed to the washing solution. Approximately 57% of all echinocytes recovered by at least one morphologic class when washed in 1% HSA (36% for normal saline), with 3% of cells in late-stage echinocytosis restoring their discoid shape completely. Approximately one-third of all spherocytic cells were lysed in either washing solution. Cells washed in their autologous storage supernatant continued to deteriorate during washing. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the replacement of storage supernatant with a washing solution during washing induces actual shape recovery for RBCs in all stages of echinocytosis, except for S that undergo lysis instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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14
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Red blood cell alloimmunisation after platelet transfusion (excluding ABO blood group system). Transfus Clin Biol 2020; 27:185-190. [PMID: 32544526 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell alloimmunisation after transfusion of red blood cell concentrates carries a risk for every recipient. This risk is particularly high for patients with conditions such as sickle cell disease. However, red blood cell alloimmunisation can also occur after platelet concentrate transfusion. All blood group systems other than ABO are affected, and there are several mechanisms responsible for this alloimmunisation. The practical implications of this are a need to match red blood cell concentrates in all alloimmunised patients and, in pregnant women, recongnition of the risk of developing haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. Several measures can be taken to prevent alloimmunisation: in the case of the D antigen, for example, anti-RhD immunoglobulins can be infused before transfusing platelet concentrates from an RhD-positive donor in a RhD-negative recipient.
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15
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Kaczmarska M, Grosicki M, Bulat K, Mardyla M, Szczesny-Malysiak E, Blat A, Dybas J, Sacha T, Marzec KM. Temporal sequence of the human RBCs' vesiculation observed in nano-scale with application of AFM and complementary techniques. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102221. [PMID: 32438105 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on the multimodal characterization of human red blood cells (RBCs), the link between the storage-related sequence of the nanoscale changes in RBC membranes in the relation to their biochemical profile as well as mechanical and functional properties was presented. On the background of the accumulation of RBCs waste products, programmed cell death and impaired rheological properties, progressive alterations in the RBC membranes including changes in their height and diameter as well as the in situ characterization of RBC-derived microparticles (RMPs) on the RBCs surface were presented. The advantage of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in RMPs visualization, even at the very early stage of vesiculation, was shown based on the results revealed by other reference techniques. The nanoscale characterization of RMPs was correlated with a decrease in cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the RBC membranes, proving the link between the lipids leakage from RBCs and the process of vesiculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kaczmarska
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Grosicki
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulat
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mardyla
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczesny-Malysiak
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Blat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sacha
- Chair and Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Marzec
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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16
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Wannez A, Devalet B, Chatelain B, Chatelain C, Dogné JM, Mullier F. Extracellular Vesicles in Red Blood Cell Concentrates: An Overview. Transfus Med Rev 2019; 33:125-130. [PMID: 30910256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) concentrates may be stored for up to 42 days before transfusion to a patient. During storage extracellular vesicles (EVs) develop and can be detected in significant amounts in RBC concentrates. The concentration of EVs is affected by component preparation methods, storage solutions, and inter-donor variation. Laboratory investigations have focused on the effect of EVs on in vitro assays of thrombin generation and immune responses. Assays for EVs in RBC concentrates are not standardized. The aims of this review are to describe the factors that determine the presence of erythrocyte-EVs in RBC concentrates, the current techniques used to characterize them, and the potential role of EV analysis as a quality control maker for RBC storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Wannez
- Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Hematology Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium; University of Namur, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Bérangère Devalet
- Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Department of Hematology, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Bernard Chatelain
- Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Hematology Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Christian Chatelain
- University of Namur, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- University of Namur, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium
| | - François Mullier
- Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Hematology Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
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17
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Rank A, Nieuwland R, Köhler A, Franz C, Waidhauser J, Toth B. Human bone marrow contains high levels of extracellular vesicles with a tissue-specific subtype distribution. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207950. [PMID: 30521543 PMCID: PMC6283575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EV) are shed from a broad variety of cells and play an important role in activation of coagulation, cell to cell interaction and transport of membrane components. They are usually measured as circulating EV in peripheral blood (PB) and other body fluids. However, little is known about the distribution, presence and impact of EV and their subpopulations in bone marrow (BM). In our study, we focused on the analysis of different EV subtypes in human BM as compared to EV subsets in PB. Methods EV in BM and PB from 12 healthy stem cell donors were measured by flow-cytometry using Annexin V and cell-specific antibodies for hematopoietic stem cells, leucocytes, platelets, red blood cells, and endothelial cells. Additionally, concentrations of tissue factor-bearing EV were evaluated. Results High numbers of total EV were present in BM (median value [25–75 percentile]: 14.8 x109/l [8.5–19.3]). Non-significantly lower numbers of total EV were measured in PB (9.2 x109/l [3.8–14.5]). However, distribuation of EV subtypes showed substantial differences between BM and PB: In PB, distribution of EV fractions was similar as previously described. Most EV originated from platelets (93.9%), and only few EV were derived from leucocytes (4.5%), erythrocytes (1.8%), endothelial cells (1.0%), and hematopoietic stem cells (0.7%). In contrast, major fractions of BM-EV were derived from red blood cells or erythropoietic cells (43.2%), followed by megacaryocytes / platelets (27.6%), and by leucocytes as well as their progenitor cells (25,7%); only low EV proportions originated from endothelial cells and hematopoietic stem cells (2.0% and 1.5%, respectively). Similar fractions of tissue factor—bearing EV were found in BM and PB (1.3% and 0.9%). Conculsion Taken together, we describe EV numbers and their subtype distribution in the BM compartment for the first time. The tissue specific EV distribution reflects BM cell composition and favours the idea of a BM–PB barrier existing not only for cells, but also for EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rank
- 2. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, and Vesicle Observation Centre, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Köhler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Cordula Franz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Toth
- Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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The fluid membrane determines mechanics of erythrocyte extracellular vesicles and is softened in hereditary spherocytosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4960. [PMID: 30470753 PMCID: PMC6251882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely studied regarding their role in cell-to-cell communication and disease, as well as for applications as biomarkers or drug delivery vehicles. EVs contain membrane and intraluminal proteins, affecting their structure and thereby likely their functioning. Here, we use atomic force microscopy for mechanical characterization of erythrocyte, or red blood cell (RBC), EVs from healthy individuals and from patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) due to ankyrin deficiency. While these EVs are packed with proteins, their response to indentation resembles that of fluid liposomes lacking proteins. The bending modulus of RBC EVs of healthy donors is ~15 kbT, similar to the RBC membrane. Surprisingly, whereas RBCs become more rigid in HS, patient EVs have a significantly (~40%) lower bending modulus than donor EVs. These results shed light on the mechanism and effects of EV budding and might explain the reported increase in vesiculation of RBCs in HS patients. Red blood cell disorders are often accompanied by increased release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), but their structural and mechanical properties are not fully understood. Here, the authors show that red blood cell EVs show liposome-like mechanical features and are softened in blood disorder patients.
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19
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Oxidative Stress in Autistic Children Alters Erythrocyte Shape in the Absence of Quantitative Protein Alterations and of Loss of Membrane Phospholipid Asymmetry. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6430601. [PMID: 30607218 PMCID: PMC6252219 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6430601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) from people affected by autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a target of oxidative stress. By scanning electron microscopy, we analyzed RBC morphology from 22 ASD children and show here that only 47.5 ± 3.33% of RBC displayed the typical biconcave shape, as opposed to 87.5 ± 1.3% (mean ± SD) of RBC from 21 sex- and age-matched healthy typically developing (TD) controls. Codocytes and star-shaped cells accounted for about 30% of all abnormally shaped ASD erythrocytes. RBC shape alterations were independent of the anticoagulant used (Na2-EDTA or heparin) and of different handling procedures preceding glutaraldehyde fixation, thus suggesting that they were not artefactual. Incubation for 24 h in the presence of antioxidants restored normal morphology in most erythrocytes from ASD patients. By Coomassie staining, as well as Western blotting analysis of relevant proteins playing a key role in the membrane-cytoskeleton organization, we were unable to find differences in RBC ghost composition between ASD and normal subjects. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure towards the extracellular membrane domain was examined in both basal and erythroptosis-inducing conditions. No differences were found between ASD and TD samples except when the aminophospholipid translocase was blocked by N-ethylmaleimide, upon which an increased amount of PS was found to face the outer membrane in RBC from ASD. These complex data are discussed in the light of the current understanding of the mode by which oxidative stress might affect erythrocyte shape in ASD and in other pathological conditions.
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20
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Sorkin R, Bergamaschi G, Kamsma D, Brand G, Dekel E, Ofir-Birin Y, Rudik A, Gironella M, Ritort F, Regev-Rudzki N, Roos WH, Wuite GJL. Probing cellular mechanics with acoustic force spectroscopy. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2005-2011. [PMID: 29927358 PMCID: PMC6232971 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-03-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies demonstrate that cell mechanics and pathology are intimately linked. In particular, deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) is key to their function and is dramatically altered in the time course of diseases such as anemia and malaria. Due to the physiological importance of cell mechanics, many methods for cell mechanical probing have been developed. While single-cell methods provide very valuable information, they are often technically challenging and lack the high data throughput needed to distinguish differences in heterogeneous populations, while fluid-flow high-throughput methods miss the accuracy to detect subtle differences. Here we present a new method for multiplexed single-cell mechanical probing using acoustic force spectroscopy (AFS). We demonstrate that mechanical differences induced by chemical treatments of known effect can be measured and quantified. Furthermore, we explore the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) uptake on RBC mechanics and demonstrate that EVs uptake increases RBC deformability. Our findings demonstrate the ability of AFS to manipulate cells with high stability and precision and pave the way to further new insights into cellular mechanics and mechanobiology in health and disease, as well as potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya Sorkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Bergamaschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe Kamsma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Brand
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elya Dekel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761000, Israel
| | - Yifat Ofir-Birin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761000, Israel
| | - Ariel Rudik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761000, Israel
| | - Marta Gironella
- Small Biosystems Lab, Departament de Fsica de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Ritort
- Small Biosystems Lab, Departament de Fsica de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761000, Israel
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs J L Wuite
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Almizraq RJ, Holovati JL, Acker JP. Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles in Red Blood Concentrates Change with Storage Time and Blood Manufacturing Method. Transfus Med Hemother 2018; 45:185-193. [PMID: 29928174 DOI: 10.1159/000486137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood products are potential effectors of inflammation and coagulation after transfusion. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different blood manufacturing methods and duration of hypothermic storage on the EV subpopulations in relation to other in vitro quality parameters of red blood cell concentrate (RCC) products. Methods RCCs were produced using whole blood filtration (WBF) or red cell filtration (RCF) (n = 12/method), refrigerated for 43 days, and evaluated for EV size profile and concentration, red cell deformability, ATP and 2,3-DPG, hemolysis, and hematological indices. Results The total number of EVs increased significantly with storage in both methods, and WBF-RCCs contained the higher numbers of EVs compared to RCF-RCCs. The concentration of small EVs was greater in WBF-RCCs versus RCF-RCCs, with difference between the two methods observed on day 43 of storage (p = 0.001). Throughout storage, significant decreases were identified in ATP, 2,3-DPG, and EImax, while an increase in hemolysis was observed in both RCC products. Conclusion The dynamic shift in the size and concentration of the EV subpopulations is dependent on the blood manufacturing method and length of storage. Better understanding of the potential clinical implications of these heterogeneous populations of EVs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayyah J Almizraq
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jelena L Holovati
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason P Acker
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of hypoxic conditions to the chemical composition of membranes is not completely established. Plasmalogens, containing an alkenyl group with aldehydogenic ether linkage, are significant components of membrane lipids and their level can change in oxygen deficiency. METHODS Analysis of plasmalogens in red blood cells was performed in patients (n = 17) with coronary heart disease, stable angina (functional class II-III) and coronary atherosclerosis. The control group consisted of 17 healthy volunteers. In addition, isolated blood samples of seven healthy volunteers were analysed before and after 180 min incubation at 37 °C. Fatty acid ethyl esters and diethyl acetals of fatty aldehydes, obtained during sample preparation from red blood cells, were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Quantitative assessment of the change of the plasmalogen levels was evaluated as change of the share of fatty aldehyde diethyl acetals in the total sum of fatty aldehyde diethyl acetals and fatty acid ethyl esters. RESULTS In comparison with the healthy volunteers, an increase in plasmalogen content of red blood cells and a reduction of the pH of the blood plasma in the group of patients with coronary heart disease were detected. In experimental hypoxia, there was an increase in the plasmalogen content of the red blood cells and a plasma pH decrease in all samples subjected to the incubation. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate changes in the physicochemical properties of the cell membrane in hypoxia. One of the most likely reasons of the increase of plasmalogen content in the membranes may be a more significant increase in activity of calcium-dependent phospholipases in comparison with the activity of calcium-independent plasmalogen phospholipases.
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23
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Said AS, Rogers SC, Doctor A. Physiologic Impact of Circulating RBC Microparticles upon Blood-Vascular Interactions. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1120. [PMID: 29379445 PMCID: PMC5770796 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we review current data elucidating the role of red blood cell derived microparticles (RMPs) in normal vascular physiology and disease progression. Microparticles (MPs) are submicron-size, membrane-encapsulated vesicles derived from various parent cell types. MPs are produced in response to numerous stimuli that promote a sequence of cytoskeletal and membrane phospholipid changes and resulting MP genesis. MPs were originally considered as potential biomarkers for multiple disease processes and more recently are recognized to have pleiotropic biological effects, most notably in: promotion of coagulation, production and handling of reactive oxygen species, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and in initiating apoptosis. RMPs, specifically, form normally during RBC maturation in response to injury during circulation, and are copiously produced during processing and storage for transfusion. Notably, several factors during RBC storage are known to trigger RMP production, including: increased intracellular calcium, increased potassium leakage, and energy failure with ATP depletion. Of note, RMP composition differs markedly from that of intact RBCs and the nature/composition of RMP components are affected by the specific circumstances of RMP genesis. Described RMP bioactivities include: promotion of coagulation, immune modulation, and promotion of endothelial adhesion as well as influence upon vasoregulation via influence upon nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Of particular relevance, RMPs scavenge NO more avidly than do intact RBCs; this physiology has been proposed to contribute to the impaired oxygen delivery homeostasis that may be observed following transfusion. In summary, RMPs are submicron particles released from RBCs, with demonstrated vasoactive properties that appear to disturb oxygen delivery homeostasis. The clinical impact of RMPs in normal and patho-physiology and in transfusion recipients is an area of continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Said
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stephen C Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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24
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Grygorczyk R, Orlov SN. Effects of Hypoxia on Erythrocyte Membrane Properties-Implications for Intravascular Hemolysis and Purinergic Control of Blood Flow. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1110. [PMID: 29312010 PMCID: PMC5744585 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravascular hemolysis occurs in hereditary, acquired, and iatrogenic hemolytic conditions but it could be also a normal physiological process contributing to intercellular signaling. New evidence suggests that intravascular hemolysis and the associated release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may be an important mechanism for in vivo local purinergic signaling and blood flow regulation during exercise and hypoxia. However, the mechanisms that modulate hypoxia-induced RBC membrane fragility remain unclear. Here, we provide an overview of the role of RBC ATP release in the regulation of vascular tone and prevailing assumptions on the putative release mechanisms. We show importance of intravascular hemolysis as a source of ATP for local purinergic regulation of blood flow and discuss processes that regulate membrane propensity to rupture under stress and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Li X, Li H, Chang HY, Lykotrafitis G, Em Karniadakis G. Computational Biomechanics of Human Red Blood Cells in Hematological Disorders. J Biomech Eng 2017; 139:2580906. [PMID: 27814430 DOI: 10.1115/1.4035120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We review recent advances in multiscale modeling of the biomechanical characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) in hematological diseases, and their relevance to the structure and dynamics of defective RBCs. We highlight examples of successful simulations of blood disorders including malaria and other hereditary disorders, such as sickle-cell anemia, spherocytosis, and elliptocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 e-mail:
| | - He Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - George Lykotrafitis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269;Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - George Em Karniadakis
- Fellow ASME Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 e-mail:
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26
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Zhu Q, Salehyar S, Cabrales P, Asaro RJ. Prospects for Human Erythrocyte Skeleton-Bilayer Dissociation during Splenic Flow. Biophys J 2017; 113:900-912. [PMID: 28834726 PMCID: PMC5567461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospects of vesiculation occurring during splenic flow of erythrocytes are addressed via model simulations of RBC flow through the venous slits of the human spleen. Our model is multiscale and contains a thermally activated rate-dependent description of the entropic elasticity of the RBC spectrin cytoskeleton, including domain unfolding/refolding. Our model also includes detail of the skeleton attachment to the fluidlike lipid bilayer membrane, including a specific accounting for the expansion/contraction of the skeleton that may occur via anchor protein diffusive motion, that is, band 3 and glycophorin, through the membrane. This ability allows us to follow the change in anchor density and thereby the strength of the skeleton/membrane attachment. We define a negative pressure between the skeleton/membrane connection that promotes separation; critical levels for this are estimated using published data on the work of adhesion of this connection. By following the maximum range of negative pressure, along with the observed slight decrease in skeletal density, we conclude that there must be biochemical influences that probably include binding of degraded hemoglobin, among other things, that significantly reduce effective attachment density. These findings are consistent with reported trends in vesiculation that are believed to occur in cases of various hereditary anemias and during blood storage. Our findings also suggest pathways for further study of erythrocyte vesiculation that point to the criticality of understanding the biochemical phenomena involved with cytoskeleton/membrane attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sara Salehyar
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert J Asaro
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Ridger VC, Boulanger CM, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Badimon L, Blanc-Brude O, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Boilard E, Buzas EI, Caporali A, Dignat-George F, Evans PC, Lacroix R, Lutgens E, Ketelhuth DFJ, Nieuwland R, Toti F, Tunon J, Weber C, Hoefer IE. Microvesicles in vascular homeostasis and diseases. Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1296-1316. [PMID: 28569921 DOI: 10.1160/th16-12-0943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles are members of the family of extracellular vesicles shed from the plasma membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. Microvesicles were initially characterised by their pro-coagulant activity and described as "microparticles". There is mounting evidence revealing a role for microvesicles in intercellular communication, with particular relevance to hemostasis and vascular biology. Coupled with this, the potential of microvesicles as meaningful biomarkers is under intense investigation. This Position Paper will summarise the current knowledge on the mechanisms of formation and composition of microvesicles of endothelial, platelet, red blood cell and leukocyte origin. This paper will also review and discuss the different methods used for their analysis and quantification, will underline the potential biological roles of these vesicles with respect to vascular homeostasis and thrombosis and define important themes for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- Victoria Ridger, PhD, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, E-mail: , or, Chantal M. Boulanger, PhD, INSERM UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France, E-mail:
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28
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Influence of red blood cell-derived microparticles upon vasoregulation. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 15:522-534. [PMID: 28686154 DOI: 10.2450/2017.0353-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we review recent data and the evolving understanding of the role of red blood cell-derived microparticles (RMPs) in normal physiology and in disease progression. Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane vesicles derived from various parent cell types. MPs are produced in response to a variety of stimuli through several cytoskeletal and membrane phospholipid changes. MPs have been investigated as potential biomarkers for multiple disease processes and are thought to have biological effects, most notably in: promotion of coagulation, production and handling of reactive oxygen species, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and in apoptosis. Specifically, RMPs are produced normally during RBC maturation and their production is accelerated during processing and storage for transfusion. Several factors during RBC storage are known to trigger RMP production, including: increased intracellular calcium, increased potassium leakage, and energy failure with ATP depletion. Of note, RMP composition differs from that of intact RBCs, and the nature and composition of RMP components are affected by both storage duration and the character of storage solutions. Recognised RMP bioactivities include: promotion of coagulation, immune modulation, and promotion of endothelial adhesion, as well as influence upon vasoregulation via nitric oxide (NO) scavenging. Of particular relevance, RMPs are more avid NO scavengers than intact RBCs and this feature has been proposed as a mechanism for the impaired oxygen delivery homeostasis that has been observed following transfusion. Preliminary human studies demonstrate that circulating RMP abundance increases with RBC transfusion and is associated with altered plasma vasoactivity and abnormal vasoregulation. In summary, RMPs are submicron particles released from stored RBCs, with demonstrated vasoactive properties that appear to disturb oxygen delivery homeostasis. The clinical impact of RMPs in transfusion recipients is an area of continued investigation.
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29
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Mihály J, Deák R, Szigyártó IC, Bóta A, Beke-Somfai T, Varga Z. Characterization of extracellular vesicles by IR spectroscopy: Fast and simple classification based on amide and CH stretching vibrations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1859:459-466. [PMID: 27989744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles isolated by differential centrifugation from Jurkat T-cell line were investigated by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Amide and CH stretching band intensity ratios calculated from IR bands, characteristic of protein and lipid components, proved to be distinctive for the different extracellular vesicle subpopulations. This proposed 'spectroscopic protein-to-lipid ratio', combined with the outlined spectrum-analysis protocol is valid also for low sample concentrations (0.15-0.05mg/ml total protein content) and can carry information about the presence of other non-vesicular formations such as aggregated proteins, lipoproteins and immune complexes. Detailed analysis of IR data reveals compositional changes of extracellular vesicles subpopulations: second derivative spectra suggest changes in protein composition from parent cell towards exosomes favoring proteins with β-turns and unordered motifs at the expense of intermolecular β-sheet structures. The IR-based protein-to-lipid assessment protocol was tested also for red blood cell derived microvesicles for which similar values were obtained. The potential applicability of this technique for fast and efficient characterization of vesicular components is high as the investigated samples require no further preparations and all the different molecular species can be determined in the same sample. The results indicate that ATR-FTIR measurements provide a simple and reproducible method for the screening of extracellular vesicle preparations. It is hoped that this sophisticated technique will have further impact in extracellular vesicle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Mihály
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Róbert Deák
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imola Csilla Szigyártó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bóta
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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30
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Cui Z, Luo J, Qi C, Ruan Y, Li J, Zhang A, Yang X, He Y. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) reveals the genetic architecture of four husk traits in maize. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:946. [PMID: 27871222 PMCID: PMC5117540 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maize (Zea mays) husk referring to the leafy outer enclosing the ear, plays an important role in grain production by directly contributing photosynthate and protecting ear from pathogen infection. Although the physiological functions related to husk have been extensively studied, little is known about its morphological variation and genetic basis in natural population. Results Here we utilized a maize association panel including 508 inbred lines with tropical, subtropical and temperate backgrounds to decipher the genetic architecture attributed to four husk traits, i.e. number of layers, length, width and thickness. Evaluating the phenotypic diversity at two different environments showed that four traits exhibit broadly natural variations and moderate levels of heritability with 0.64, 0.74, 0.49 and 0.75 for number, length, width and thickness, respectively. Diversity analysis indicated that different traits have dissimilar responses to subpopulation effects. A series of significantly positive or negative correlations between husk phenotypes and other agronomic traits were identified, indicating that husk growth is coordinated with other developmental processes. Combining husk traits with about half of a million of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via genome-wide association study revealed a total of 9 variants significantly associated with traits at P < 1.04 × 10-5, which are implicated in multiple functional categories, such as cellular trafficking, transcriptional regulation and metabolism. Conclusions These results provide instrumental information for understanding the genetic basis of husk development, and further studies on identified candidate genes facilitate to illuminate molecular pathways regulating maize husk growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3229-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Cui
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.,College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jinhong Luo
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Chuangye Qi
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yanye Ruan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.,College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Yan He
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
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31
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Antonelou MH, Seghatchian J. Update on extracellular vesicles inside red blood cell storage units: Adjust the sails closer to the new wind. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 55:92-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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l-carnitine as a Potential Additive in Blood Storage Solutions: A Study on Erythrocytes. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2016; 32:328-34. [PMID: 27429526 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes undergo various changes during storage (storage lesion) that in turn reduces their functioning and survival. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the storage lesion and antioxidants can be used to combat this stress. This study elucidates the effects of l-carnitine (LC) on erythrocytes of stored blood. Blood was obtained from male Wistar rats and stored (4 °C) for 20 days in CPDA-1 (citrate phosphate dextrose adenine) solution. Samples were divided into-(i) controls (ii) LC 10 (l-carnitine at a concentration of 10 mM) (iii) LC 30 (l-carnitine at a concentration of 30 mM) and (iv) LC 60 (l-carnitine at a concentration of 60 mM). Every fifth day, the biomarkers (haemoglobin, hemolysis, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation products) were analysed in erythrocytes. Hemoglobin and protein sulfhydryls were insignificant during storage indicative of the maintenance of hemoglobin and sulfhydryls in all groups. Superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels increased initially and decreased towards the end of storage. The levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were lower in experimentals than controls during storage. l-carnitine assisted the enzymes by scavenging the reactive oxygen species produced. Hemolysis increased in all groups with storage, elucidating that l-carnitine could not completely protect lipids and proteins from oxidative stress. Hence, this study opens up new avenues of using l-carnitine as a component of storage solutions with combinations of antioxidants in order to maintain efficacy of erythrocytes.
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33
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Prudent M, Stauber F, Rapin A, Hallen S, Pham N, Abonnenc M, Marvin L, Rochat B, Tissot JD, Lion N. Small-Scale Perfusion Bioreactor of Red Blood Cells for Dynamic Studies of Cellular Pathways: Proof-of-Concept. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:11. [PMID: 27066491 PMCID: PMC4812044 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the development of bioreactors for the study of red blood cells (RBCs, daily transfused in the case of disease or hemorrhage) has focused on hematopoietic stem cells. Despite the fact that mature RBCs are enucleated and do not expand, they possess complex cellular and metabolic pathways, as well as post-translation modification signaling and gas-exchange regulation. In order to dynamically study the behavior of RBCs and their signaling pathways under various conditions, a small-scale perfusion bioreactor has been developed. The most advanced design developed here consists of a fluidized bed of 7.6 mL containing 3·109 cells and perfused at 8.5 μL/min. Mimicking RBC storage conditions in transfusion medicine, as a proof-of-concept, we investigated the ex vivo aging of RBCs under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Hence, RBCs stored in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) were injected in parallel into two bioreactors and perfused with a modified SAGM solution over 14 days at room temperature under air or argon. The formation of a fluidized bed enabled easy sampling of the extracellular medium over the storage period used for the quantitation of glucose consumption and lactate production. Hemolysis and microvesiculation increased during aging and were reduced under anaerobic (argon) conditions, which is consistent with previously reported findings. Glucose and lactate levels showed expected trends, i.e., decreased and increased during the 2-week period, respectively; whereas extracellular glucose consumption was higher under aerobic conditions. Metabolomics showed depletion of glycolsis and pentose phosphate pathway metabolites, and an accumulation of purine metabolite end-products. This novel approach, which takes advantage of a fluidized bed of cells in comparison to traditional closed bags or tubes, does not require agitation and limit shear stress, and constantly segragates extracellular medium from RBCs. It thus gives access to several difficult-to-obtain on- and off-line parameters in the extracellular medium. This dynamic bioreactor system does not only allow us to probe the behavior of RBCs under different storage conditions, but it also could be a powerful tool to study physiological or pathological RBCs exposed to various conditions and stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Prudent
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Recherche et Développement, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Stauber
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Recherche et Développement, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Rapin
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Recherche et Développement, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Hallen
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Recherche et Développement, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Pham
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Recherche et Développement, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Abonnenc
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Recherche et Développement, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laure Marvin
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Recherche et Développement, Transfusion Interrégionale CRSEpalinges, Switzerland; Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Facility, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Rochat
- Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Facility, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Daniel Tissot
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Recherche et Développement, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Niels Lion
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Recherche et Développement, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS Epalinges, Switzerland
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Wiltshire M, Meli A, Schott MA, Erickson A, Mufti N, Thomas S, Cardigan R. Quality of red cells after combination of prion reduction and treatment with the intercept system for pathogen inactivation. Transfus Med 2016; 26:208-14. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Meli
- NHS Blood and Transplant; Cambridge UK
| | | | | | - N. Mufti
- Cerus Corporation; Concord CA USA
| | - S. Thomas
- NHS Blood and Transplant; Watford UK
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Chen
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - K. Serrano
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - D. V. Devine
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Prudent M, Crettaz D, Delobel J, Seghatchian J, Tissot JD, Lion N. Differences between calcium-stimulated and storage-induced erythrocyte-derived microvesicles. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:153-8. [PMID: 26549671 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs), or microparticles, are a complex, dynamic and functional part of cells. Red blood cell (RBC)-derived MVs are naturally produced in vivo (during normal aging processes or in several diseases) as well as ex vivo during cold storage of RBCs, or in vitro by ATP depletion or treatment with Ca(2+) and calcium ionophore. All these MVs are equivalently classified according to their size and/or surface markers. Nevertheless, their content in proteins can differ and a few differences in terms of lipid raft proteins, notably stomatin and flotillin-2, have been reported. Based on two-dimensional gel electrophoreses, the present study highlights the differences between MVs induced during storage of RBCs (storage-MVs) and MVs stimulated by Ca(2+) entry (Ca-MVs). Upon treatment, Ca-MVs are formed following a clear recruitment of Ca(2+)-binding proteins (sorcin, grancalcin, PDCD6) and particularly annexins (4 and 5). Therefore, it emerges that different molecular pathways are available to produce similar MVs by disturbing the membrane/cytoskeleton interactions. Interestingly, these differences provide non-negligible pieces of information on the parent cells, and the mechanisms and modes of actions involved in the formation of MVs. In addition to biophysical characterization, protein analysis is important to classify these cellular corpuscles and evaluate their potential impacts in diseases or transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Prudent
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - David Crettaz
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Julien Delobel
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategy, London, UK
| | - Jean-Daniel Tissot
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Niels Lion
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Fontes JA, Banerjee U, Iazbik MC, Marín LM, Couto CG, Palmer AF. Effect of ascorbic acid on storage of Greyhound erythrocytes. Am J Vet Res 2015; 76:789-800. [PMID: 26309107 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.9.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in biochemical and biophysical properties of canine RBCs during cold (1° to 6°C) storage in a licensed RBC additive solution (the RBC preservation solution designated AS-1) supplemented with ascorbic acid. SAMPLE Blood samples from 7 neutered male Greyhounds; all dogs had negative results when tested for dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1. PROCEDURES Blood was collected into citrate-phosphate-dextrose and stored in AS-1. Stored RBCs were supplemented with 7.1mM ascorbic acid or with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control samples). Several biochemical and biophysical properties of RBCs were measured, including percentage hemolysis, oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium, and the kinetic rate constants for O2 dissociation, carbon monoxide association, and nitric oxide dioxygenation. RESULTS Greyhound RBCs stored in AS-1 supplemented with ascorbic acid did not have significantly decreased hemolysis, compared with results for the control samples, during the storage period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, ascorbic acid did not reduce hemolysis during storage. Several changes in stored canine RBCs were identified as part of the hypothermic storage lesion.
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40
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Zaninoni A, Vercellati C, Imperiali FG, Marcello AP, Fattizzo B, Fermo E, Bianchi P, Grossi C, Cattaneo A, Cortelezzi A, Zanella A, Barcellini W. Detection of red blood cell antibodies in mitogen-stimulated cultures from patients with hereditary spherocytosis. Transfusion 2015; 55:2930-8. [PMID: 26259504 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a congenital hemolytic anemia caused by defects in red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins leading to premature RBC clearance in the spleen. The presence of RBC autoantibodies has never been extensively investigated in HS. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RBC antibody-bound immunoglobulin (Ig)G was investigated in 91 consecutive HS patients by mitogen-stimulated direct antiglobulin test (MS-DAT), a sensitive method able to magnify latent RBC antibody autoimmunity and related with hemolytic variables, previous splenectomy, and type of membrane defect. RESULTS A total of 61% of HS cases had RBC antibodies by MS-DAT (29 Band 3, 17 spectrin deficiency, and nine no defined defect). The amount of RBC-bound IgG was greater in HS compared with controls (236 ± 192 ng/mL vs. 52 ± 29 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), although lower than that observed in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA; 634 ± 371 ng/mL vs. 236 ± 192 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). Western blot experiments showed that purified IgG fraction from MS-DAT-positive patients bind to α- and β-spectrin, Band 3, and Band 4.9. Positive cases displayed increased reticulocytosis and slightly reduced hemoglobin (Hb) values compared to negative ones. Patients displaying RBC-bound IgG of more than 250 ng/mL (the positive threshold of AIHA) showed increased number of spherocytes and mainly had spectrin deficiency. RBC-bound IgG and free Hb increased over time after storage at 4°C, a surrogate of ex vivo aging, more evidently in HS than controls, and particularly in Band 3 deficiency. CONCLUSION RBC autoantibodies were detected by MS-DAT in more than a half of HS patients. Positive cases showed a more evident hemolytic pattern suggesting a pathogenic role of these autoantibodies in RBC opsonization and splenic removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisa Fermo
- UO Oncoematologia, UOS Fisiopatologia delle Anemie
| | | | - Claudia Grossi
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano
| | - Alessandra Cattaneo
- UO Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi Chimico Cliniche e Microbiologiche Dipartimento Dei Servizi, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
| | - Agostino Cortelezzi
- UO Oncoematologia, UOS Fisiopatologia delle Anemie.,Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Li H, Lykotrafitis G. Vesiculation of healthy and defective red blood cells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:012715. [PMID: 26274210 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.012715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vesiculation of mature red blood cells (RBCs) contributes to removal of defective patches of the erythrocyte membrane. In blood disorders, which are related to defects in proteins of the RBC membrane, vesiculation of the plasma membrane is intensified. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain RBC vesiculation but the exact underlying mechanisms and what determines the sizes of the vesicles are still not completely understood. In this work, we apply a two-component coarse-grained molecular dynamics RBC membrane model to study how RBC vesiculation is controlled by the membrane spontaneous curvature and by lateral compression of the membrane. Our simulation results show that the formation of small homogeneous vesicles with a diameter less than 40 nm can be attributed to a large spontaneous curvature of membrane domains. On the other hand, compression on the membrane can cause the formation of vesicles with heterogeneous composition and with sizes comparable with the size of the cytoskeleton corral. When spontaneous curvature and lateral compression are simultaneously considered, the compression on the membrane tends to facilitate formation of vesicles originating from curved membrane domains. We also simulate vesiculation of RBCs with membrane defects connected to hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) and to hereditary spherocytosis (HS). When the vertical connectivity between the lipid bilayer and the membrane skeleton is elevated, as in normal RBCs, multiple vesicles are shed from the compressed membrane with diameters similar to the cytoskeleton corral size. In HS RBCs, where the connectivity between the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton is reduced, larger-size vesicles are released under the same compression ratio as in normal RBCs. Lastly, we find that vesicles released from HE RBCs can contain cytoskeletal filaments due to fragmentation of the membrane skeleton while vesicles released from the HS RBCs are depleted of cytoskeletal filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - George Lykotrafitis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Smith SA, Ngwenyama TR, O'Brien M, Herring JM, Corsi R, Galligan A, Beloshapka AN, Deng P, Swanson KS, McMichael M. Procoagulant phospholipid concentration in canine erythrocyte concentrates stored with or without prestorage leukoreduction. Am J Vet Res 2015; 76:35-41. [PMID: 25535659 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate canine erythrocyte concentrates (ECs) for the presence of procoagulant phospholipid (PPL), determine whether PPL concentration changes during the course of storage of ECs, and ascertain whether prestorage leukoreduction (removal of leukocytes via gravity filtration) reduces the development of PPL. SAMPLE 10 whole blood units (420 g each) collected from 10 random-source, clinically normal dogs (1 U/dog). PROCEDURES The dogs were randomized to 1 of 2 groups. Of the 10 whole blood units collected, 5 were processed through a standard method, and 5 underwent leukoreduction. Whole blood units were processed to generate ECs, from which aliquots were aseptically collected from each unit weekly for 5 weeks. Supernatants from the concentrates were evaluated for procoagulant activity, which was converted to PPL concentration, by use of an automated assay and by measurement of real-time thrombin generation. RESULTS Supernatants from stored canine ECs contained procoagulant activity as measured by both assays. In general, the PPL concentration gradually increased during the storage period, but leukoreduction reduced the development of increased procoagulant activity over time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The presence of PPL in canine ECs may be associated with procoagulant and proinflammatory effects in vivo, which could have adverse consequences for dogs treated with ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
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Piety NZ, Gifford SC, Yang X, Shevkoplyas SS. Quantifying morphological heterogeneity: a study of more than 1 000 000 individual stored red blood cells. Vox Sang 2015; 109:221-30. [PMID: 25900518 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The morphology of red blood cells (RBCs) deteriorates progressively during hypothermic storage. The degree of deterioration varies between individual cells, resulting in a highly heterogeneous population of cells contained within each RBC unit. Current techniques capable of categorizing the morphology of individual stored RBCs are manual, laborious and error-prone procedures that limit the number of cells that can be studied. Our objective was to create a simple, automated system for high-throughput RBC morphology classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS A simple microfluidic device, designed to enable rapid, consistent acquisition of images of optimally oriented RBCs, was fabricated using soft lithography. A custom image analysis algorithm was developed to categorize the morphology of each individual RBC in the acquired images. The system was used to determine morphology of individual RBCs in several RBC units stored hypothermically for 6-8 weeks. RESULTS The system was used to automatically determine the distribution of cell diameter within each morphological class for >1 000 000 individual stored RBCs (speed: >10 000 cells/h; accuracy: 91·9% low resolution, 75·3% high resolution). Diameter mean and standard deviation by morphology class were as follows: discocyte 7·80 ± 0·49 μm, echinocyte 1 7·61 ± 0·63 μm, echinocyte 2 7·02 ± 0·61 μm, echinocyte 3 6·47 ± 0·42 μm, sphero-echinocyte 6·01 ± 0·26 μm, spherocyte 6·02 ± 0·27 μm, stomatocyte 1 6·95 ± 0·61 μm and stomatocyte 2 7·32 ± 0·47 μm. CONCLUSIONS The automated morphology classification procedure described in this study is significantly simpler, faster and less subjective than conventional manual procedures. The ability to evaluate the morphology of individual RBCs automatically, rapidly and in statistically significant numbers enabled us to perform the most extensive study of stored RBC morphology to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Z Piety
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S C Gifford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - X Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S S Shevkoplyas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Musante L, Tataruch D, Gu D, Liu X, Forsblom C, Groop PH, Holthofer H. Proteases and protease inhibitors of urinary extracellular vesicles in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:289734. [PMID: 25874235 PMCID: PMC4383158 DOI: 10.1155/2015/289734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and, ultimately, is the main cause for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Beyond urinary albumin, no reliable biomarkers are available for accurate early diagnostics. Urinary extracellular vesicles (UEVs) have recently emerged as an interesting source of diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers. Here we used a protease and respective protease inhibitor array to profile urines of type 1 diabetes patients at different stages of kidney involvement. Urine samples were divided into groups based on the level of albuminuria and UEVs isolated by hydrostatic dialysis and screened for relative changes of 34 different proteases and 32 protease inhibitors, respectively. Interestingly, myeloblastin and its natural inhibitor elafin showed an increase in the normo- and microalbuminuric groups. Similarly, a characteristic pattern was observed in the array of protease inhibitors, with a marked increase of cystatin B, natural inhibitor of cathepsins L, H, and B as well as of neutrophil gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in the normoalbuminuric group. This study shows for the first time the distinctive alterations in comprehensive protease profiles of UEVs in diabetic nephropathy and uncovers intriguing mechanistic, prognostic, and diagnostic features of kidney damage in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Musante
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- *Luca Musante: and
| | - Dorota Tataruch
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes and Obesity, Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes and Obesity, Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Harry Holthofer
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- *Harry Holthofer:
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Xin H, Li Y, Chopp M. Exosomes/miRNAs as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:377. [PMID: 25426026 PMCID: PMC4226157 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy, e.g., multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) treatment, shows promise for the treatment of various diseases. The strong paracrine capacity of these cells and not their differentiation capacity, is the principal mechanism of therapeutic action. MSCs robustly release exosomes, membrane vesicles (~30–100 nm) originally derived in endosomes as intraluminal vesicles, which contain various molecular constituents including proteins and RNAs from maternal cells. Contained among these constituents, are small non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), which play a key role in mediating biological function due to their prominent role in gene regulation. The release as well as the content of the MSC generated exosomes are modified by environmental conditions. Via exosomes, MSCs transfer their therapeutic factors, especially miRNAs, to recipient cells, and therein alter gene expression and thereby promote therapeutic response. The present review focuses on the paracrine mechanism of MSC exosomes, and the regulation and transfer of exosome content, especially the packaging and transfer of miRNAs which enhance tissue repair and functional recovery. Perspectives on the developing role of MSC mediated transfer of exosomes as a therapeutic approach will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Xin
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, MI, USA ; Department of Physics, Oakland University Rochester, MI, USA
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Detection of microparticles from human red blood cells by multiparametric flow cytometry. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 13:274-80. [PMID: 25369588 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0136-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During storage, red blood cells (RBC) undergo chemical and biochemical changes referred to as "storage lesions". These events determine the loss of RBC integrity, resulting in lysis and release of microparticles. There is growing evidence of the clinical importance of microparticles and their role in blood transfusion-related side effects and pathogen transmission. Flow cytometry is currently one of the most common techniques used to quantify and characterise microparticles. Here we propose multiparametric staining to monitor and quantify the dynamic release of microparticles by stored human RBC. MATERIAL AND METHODS RBC units (n=10) were stored under blood bank conditions for up to 42 days. Samples were tested at different time points to detect microparticles and determine the haemolysis rate (HR%). Microparticles were identified by flow cytometry combining carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dye, annexin V and anti-glycophorin A antibody. RESULTS We demonstrated that CFSE can be successfully used to label closed vesicles with an intact membrane. The combination of CFSE and glycophorin A antibody was effective for monitoring and quantifying the dynamic release of microparticles from RBC during storage. Double staining with CFSE/glycophorin A was a more precise approach, increasing vesicle detection up to 4.7-fold vs the use of glycophorin A/annexin V alone. Moreover, at all the time points tested, we found a robust correlation (R=0.625; p=0.0001) between HR% and number of microparticles detected. DISCUSSION Multiparametric staining, based on a combination of CFSE, glycophorin A antibody and annexin V, was able to detect, characterise and monitor the release of microparticles from RBC units during storage, providing a sensitive approach to labelling and identifying microparticles for transfusion medicine and, more broadly, for cell-based therapies.
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D'Alessandro A, Kriebardis AG, Rinalducci S, Antonelou MH, Hansen KC, Papassideri IS, Zolla L. An update on red blood cell storage lesions, as gleaned through biochemistry and omics technologies. Transfusion 2014; 55:205-19. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora Colorado
| | - Anastasios G. Kriebardis
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions; Technological Educational Institute of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences; University of Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
| | - Marianna H. Antonelou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora Colorado
| | - Issidora S. Papassideri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences; University of Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
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Larson MC, Hillery CA, Hogg N. Circulating membrane-derived microvesicles in redox biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:214-28. [PMID: 24751526 PMCID: PMC4465756 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles or microvesicles (MVs) are subcellular membrane blebs shed from all cells in response to various stimuli. MVs carry a battery of signaling molecules, many of them related to redox-regulated processes. The role of MVs, either as a cause or as a result of cellular redox signaling, has been increasingly recognized over the past decade. This is in part due to advances in flow cytometry and its detection of MVs. Notably, recent studies have shown that circulating MVs from platelets and endothelial cells drive reactive species-dependent angiogenesis; circulating MVs in cancer alter the microenvironment and enhance invasion through horizontal transfer of mutated proteins and nucleic acids and harbor redox-regulated matrix metalloproteinases and procoagulative surface molecules; and circulating MVs from red blood cells and other cells modulate cell-cell interactions through scavenging or production of nitric oxide and other free radicals. Although our recognition of MVs in redox-related processes is growing, especially in the vascular biology field, much remains unknown regarding the various biologic and pathologic functions of MVs. Like reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, MVs were originally believed to have a solely pathological role in biology. And like our understanding of reactive species, it is now clear that MVs also play an important role in normal growth, development, and homeostasis. We are just beginning to understand how MVs are involved in various biological processes-developmental, homeostatic, and pathological-and the role of MVs in redox signaling is a rich and exciting area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Craig Larson
- Department of Biophysics and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Cheryl A Hillery
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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The picture of Dorian Gray: news from the red blood cell storage lesion. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 12:293-5. [PMID: 25074786 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0018-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Veale MF, Healey G, Sran A, Payne KA, Zia M, Sparrow RL. AS-7 improved in vitro quality of red blood cells prepared from whole blood held overnight at room temperature. Transfusion 2014; 55:108-14. [PMID: 25039791 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended room temperature (RT) hold of whole blood (WB) may affect the quality of red blood cell (RBC) components produced from these donations. The availability of better RBC additive solutions (ASs) may help reduce the effects. A new AS, AS-7 (SOLX, Haemonetics Corporation), was investigated for improved in vitro quality of RBCs prepared from WB held overnight at RT. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen WB units were held for 21.4 hours ± 40 minutes at 22°C on cooling plates before processing. Each pair of ABO-matched WB units were pooled, divided into a WB filter pack containing saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (control) and a LEUKOSEP WB-filter pack containing SOLX, and processed according to manufacturer's instructions. RBCs were stored at 2 to 6°C and sampled weekly until expiry. Glycophorin A (GPA+) and annexin V-binding microparticles (MPs) were quantitated using flow cytometry. Osmotic fragility, intracellular pH (pHi), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and routine quality variables were measured. Adhesion of RBCs to human endothelial cells (ECs) was evaluated by flow perfusion under low shear stress (0.5 dyne/cm(2) ), similar to low blood flow in microvessels. RESULTS ATP and 2,3-DPG levels were improved for SOLX-RBCs. SOLX-RBCs maintained higher pHi, increased resistance to hypotonic stress, and reduced numbers of GPA+ MPs. No significant difference was observed between annexin V binding to MPs or adhesion of RBCs to ECs under shear stress. CONCLUSION SOLX-stored RBCs showed increased osmotic resistance, pHi, and reduced GPA+ MPs and together with higher ATP and 2,3-DPG levels demonstrated improved in vitro RBC quality measures during 42 days of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret F Veale
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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